04 Week 1 Thursday 新作文基本功提高微技能1（课件PPT）-【启航英语】2025版高二英语应用文写作＋读后续写

Week 1 建议信& 学校生活类读后续写 启航 英语 Thursday——新作文基本功提高微技能1 克服3种坏倾向　提升应用文写作表达 1．词汇问题 ①词性混淆 【误】When people have difficult, we should help them. 【正】When people have difficulty, we should help them. 【析】词汇对于写作相当重要，词汇量越大越便于写作。但是，很多学生平时记单词时，光记拼写形式、读音和词义，忽视词性，这是不对的。因为英语句子的各个成分都是由一定词性的词来充当的。本句中difficult(adj.) 应改为difficulty(n.)，作动词have的宾语。 ②用词累赘 【误】If you lend me 50 dollars, I'll repay back you next week. 【正】If you lend me 50 dollars, I'll repay you next week. 【析】repay 意为 pay back，误句中的back属多余，应去掉。“累赘”现象普遍存在于学生习作中，要避免这一现象的发生，必须加强语言基本功训练，学习中要勤思、多练，同时熟记一些易于出现“累赘”现象的单词和语句。 ③搭配不当 【误】Jack is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to have friends with him. 【正】Jack is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to make friends with him. 【析】句中 have 与friends 搭配错误，“交朋友”应为make friends。在理解英语词汇时，不能仅停留在了解其字面意义上，而应掌握其内在含义。同时，要熟记它们的习惯搭配。平时学习词汇时，要仔细思考，勤查词典，尤其要多记英语解释，弄清它们的确切意义和用法，避免造成类似错误。 2．句式问题 ①无连接词 【误】You practise more reading, your reading ability will be improved. 【正】If you practise reading more, your reading ability will be improved. 【析】英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，即句子间要由恰当连词、关系词等连接起来；而汉语句子是重“意合”，即句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语。由于这一特性，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。 ②非完整句 【误】The woman talked to you just now is our English teacher. 【正】The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher. 【析】一个句子不管是主句还是从句至少包括主语和谓语两部分(祈使句主语通常省略)。此句中，定语从句缺少主语，应在talked前加who。写作中有很多学生犯此错误，要特别引起重视！ ③缺乏连贯性 【如】My best friend in high school was our English teacher.Her name was Gao Hui.She taught us English for three years. 【正】My best friend in high school was our English teacher，Gao Hui, who taught us English for three years. 【析】原句是把一个简单的内容割裂成三个短句来表达。尽管这些句子语法正确，但不连贯，显得乏力。连贯性是指句子无论长短，在安排上要合乎逻辑、衔接自然，使句内语义关系明确，让人一目了然！在写作中要正确使用连接词和过渡性词语，使句子结构紧凑，上下句连贯。 ④缺乏统一性 【如】In 2021 Li Ming came to No.3 Middle School.He was the poorest student when he came.But the teachers taught him kindly and his classmates helped him warmly.So he becomes a top student after 3 years of hard work. 【正】With the help of the teachers and his classmates, Li Ming has become a top student after 3 years of hard work since he came to No.3 Middle School in 2021. 【析】统一性要求句子突出一个中心。原句为四个句子，结构松散，中心不突出(五个中心：转学、家境差、教育、帮助和转变)，破坏了统一性。修改后的句子不仅结构严谨，而且中心明确。 3．表达问题 ①不合英语表达习惯 【误】The price of oil is more expensive than before. 【正】The price of oil is higher than before. 【析】英语中价格只有高低(high/low)，商品才有贵贱(expensive/cheap)。写作时，不少学生受汉语思维方式、表达习惯、文化习俗的影响，不会在特定的上下文中正确遣词造句，选用句型，只会用汉语的表达方式来表达自己的意思，写出许多不合英语表达习惯的句子。 ②逻辑错误 【误】The soldiers had been marching all day and their uniforms were green. 【正】The soldiers had been marching all day，and their uniforms were dusty. 【析】此句“行军与军衣的颜色”在逻辑上并无必然联系，而“整天行军”与“军衣沾满尘土”却存在逻辑上的联系。不少同学在写作时，从语言角度考虑得多，而从逻辑角度考虑得少，所以常常在书面表达中出现不少逻辑错误。 ③前后不一 【误】She closed the door and hurries away to class. 【正】She closed the door and hurried away to class. 【析】hurried时态跟and前的closed保持一致。 ④标点符号误用 【误】Li Ping isn't old enough so that he can not join the army, now he works on the farmland every day. 【正】Li Ping isn't old enough so that he can not join the army.Now he works on the farmland every day. 【析】书写英文句子时，不少学生常常误用标点符号。标点符号是一种变相文字，是书面语不可缺少的重要组成部分。此句犯了用逗号断开两个或多个独立的句子的通病。 谢谢观看 Thank you for watching $$