17.Unit 5 Working the Land单元重点词汇导学案-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高二英语同步学与练(人教版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 5 Working the Land 单元重点词汇导学案 1.了解单元词汇全貌并认识其意义。 2.掌握重点词汇的含义及使用方法。 猜测词义 词义备选 1.hybrid 　　　 　n._______________ 2.crisis n._______________ 3.boost vt. & n._______________ 4.yield n.& vt. & vi. _______________ 5.domestic adj._______________ 6.strain n._______________ 7.celebrity n._______________ 8.envision vt._______________ 9.tunnel n._______________ 10.flavour n._______________ 11.fertiliser n._______________ 12.alleviate vt._______________ 13.nutrition n._______________ 14.grain n._______________ 15.vision n._______________ A.本国的; 国内的; 家用的; 家庭的 B.(动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力 C.杂交植(动)物; 合成物; 混合动力车 D.危机; 危急关头 E.想象; 视力; 视野; 影像 F.展望; 想象 G.使增长; 使兴旺;增长; 提高; 激励 H.营养;滋养 I.减轻; 缓解 J.地下通道; 地道; 隧道 K.产量;产出;出产(作物); 产生(收益、效益等);屈服; 让步 L.名望; 名誉; 名人; 名流 M.味道; 特点; 特色 N.谷物; 谷粒; 颗粒 O.肥料 1.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①It took a long time _______________ (convince) me of his honesty.  ②I think I can’t believe you,for you haven’t offered enough _______________ (convince) evidence. ③We are _______________ (convince) that the trouble is with the problem itself, not with us. 【知识拓展】 convince sb.of sth.　　　使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信…… convinced adj.坚信的;深信的;确信的 convincing adj.令人信服的 2.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①Through great effort,Tom _______________.  经过巨大努力,汤姆考试成绩得到五个“A”。 ②They finally attained_______________.  他们最终实现了他们的目标。 【知识拓展】 attainable 　　　　　　adj.可到达的;可得到的;可实现的 attainment n.达到;获得 attain one’s aim/goal 达到某人的目标 attain knowledge 获得知识 3.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①_______________ (据估计)total cost of rebuilding homes in the country will continue to increase this year.  ②_______________(粗略估计),one third of the country’s water has been polluted.  ③We need to _______________ (作出准确的估计) about the cost of travelling.  【知识拓展】 estimate sth.at...　　　　估算某物为…… be estimated to do sth. 估计做某事 It is estimated (that)... 据估计…… at a rough estimate 粗略估计 make an accurate estimate 作出准确估计 4.overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①Failures can help us learn and _______________.  失败可以帮助我们学习并克服恐惧。 ②Once _______________,other problems will be easy to solve.  一旦战胜这一困难, 其他问题就容易解决了。 【知识拓展】 be overcome with regret　　　后悔不已 overcome one’s shortcomings克服某人的缺点 overcome difficulties 战胜困难 be overcome with grief 悲不自胜 5.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①Although he is disabled, he refuses to face _______________ (real). 完成句子 ②With the development of VR,Mary’s dream _______________.  随着VR技术的发展,玛丽的梦想已经实现了。 【知识拓展】 become a reality　　　　　　变成现实 in reality/fact 事实上;实际上 bring...back to reality 使……回到现实 face/accept reality 面对/接受现实 escape from reality 逃避现实 turn...into reality/realities 实现 6.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①He always devotes his attention _______________ (help) the homeless children.  ②_______________ (devote) to his research,he almost forgot everything about himself. ③We appreciated his _______________ (devote) to the project. 【知识拓展】 be devoted to(doing) sth. 献身于;专心致志于(做)某事 devote one’s life/time/energy to (doing) sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力献给…… devote oneself to 致力于;献身于;专心于 【要点提示】 以介词to结尾的常见动词短语: look forward to　　　　　　盼望; 期待 get down to 开始认真做某事 object to 反对 be opposed to 反对 be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致; 引起 contribute to 导致; 有助于; 捐献 7.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①The medical team is comprised _______________ten doctors and fifteen nurses.  ②This year’s figures _______________ (comprise) in the total.  【知识拓展】 be made up of　　　由……组成 consist of 由……组成 8.in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①The shop assistants had to have their days off _______________ turns. ②They had to take turns _______________(look) after the patients.  【知识拓展】 by turns轮流地(表示“轮流地,交替地”,多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作) take turns in doing/to do sth.　轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 take one’s turn 轮到某人做 9.keep...free of/from...使……免受(影响、伤害等) 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①We should keep the children free _______________ drugs. ②She has kept _______________ physical training for several years without interruption. ③In the years ahead,he reflected that he would need to stay alert and informed just to keep up _______________ Celia mentally. 【知识拓展】 keep up　　　　　　保持,使不低落 keep up with 赶上,不落后 keep out(of...) 不让……进入 keep off 离开;避开 10.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.  确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①We will then have a firmer foundation of fact _______________ which to build theories. ②Water,_______________ which we cannot live,exists in the form of liquid,gas or solid. ③He has downloaded seven news apps,_______________ which he reads for one or two hours a day. 句型剖析：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)。一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择;二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择;三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:look for。 I.核心单词 1._______________　　 n.不足;缺少;短缺 2._______________ vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理 3._______________ n.现实;实际情况;事实 4._______________ vt.使相信;使确信;说服 5._______________ n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 6._______________ 　　　vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到 7._______________ vt.克服;解决;战胜 8._______________ adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的 9._______________ vt.产生;引起 10._______________ adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 II.拓展单词 1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→_______________ adj.忠诚的→_______________ n.献身,热爱 2.deep adj.深的→_______________ n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) 3.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→_______________ n.扩大,发展 4.convention n.惯例;常规;习俗→_______________ adj.习惯的;传统的 5.character n.个性;品质;字符;人物→_______________ n.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的 6.estimate vt.估计; 估价; 估算n.估计;估算→_______________ n.估算;估计 7.consume v.消费→_______________ n.消耗;消耗量;消费→_______________ n.消费者 8.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→_______________ n.消化 9.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→_______________ adv.完全地;全部地;完整地 III.核心短语 1._______________　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2._______________ 包括; 包含;由……组成(或构成) 3._______________ 在内心深处; 本质上;实际上 4._______________ 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 5._______________ 例如;比如 6._______________　　　　　转向 7._______________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 8._______________ 扩大成/发展成为…… 9._______________ 通过不懈的努力 10._______________ 完全不,远非;远离 IV.重点句式 1.句型公式:主语从句 However,_______________ was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,他最担心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 2.句型公式: “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, _______________. 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯与他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 3.句型公式:动词不定式作目的状语 _______________,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. 为了应对这一危机,他选择学习农业,在位于重庆的西南农业大学接受教育。 一、单词拼写 1. We need an effective strategy to fight . 2. I’m what you said is quite right. 3. The woman was so with emotion that she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing the couple. 4. Sydney’s population rapidly in the 1960s. 5. The meat was clearly unfit for human . 6. The investigation some unexpected results. 7. Government sources a long-term 50% increase in rail fares. 8. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 9. Through intense effort, Yuan Longping enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 10. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture . 11. The theatre managed to its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 12. Passing my driving test was such a to my confidence. 13. If you don’t like a double-decker, the subway, which runs 24 hours a day, is an/a for you. 二、完成句子 14. next week is being discussed. 我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 15. 这就是我今早迟到的原因。 I came late this morning. 16. 感到恐惧与紧张，我发现考前睡不好觉。(overcome) , I find before an exam. 17. 如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 this could be done was a question at the time. 18. 句型公式：现在分词短语作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果 教材原句：Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops. 之所以要种植不同种类的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，让土地为下一批农作物(的生长)作好准备。 仿写：大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。 Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, . 19. 微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。(break down barriers) It is a universal truth . 20. 更多的高速公路被建设完成，这使人们到中国各地旅行更加方便。 More highways have been built, people to travel around China. 21. 令我吃惊的是，他们在这么短的时间里成功地控制住了这次严重的大火。 ① , they managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time.(amazement) ②They managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time, (定语从句) ③ that they managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time. (it作形式主语) 22. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical，and this special chemical,    , affects our brains, making us feel happy. 维生素D帮助我们的身体产生一种特殊的化学物质，而这种特殊的化学物质反过来又影响我们的大脑，使我们感到快乐。 23. 在希腊度假时他印象最深刻的是他可以和家人一起去潜水。(主语从句,dive) with his family. 24. 他不仅勇敢，还很执着。最重要的，最让我印象深刻的是他愿意承认错误。(impress) He was not only brave, but also determined. Above all, was that he was willing to admit his faults. 25. 过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。 In the past, it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and from now on. 26. 我试着学习怎么吹走她，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！ I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I I could never make a musical sound with this instrument. 27. 你是否能实现你的梦想取决于努力而不是运气。 depends on hard work . 28. 把你买的东西给我看看。 Show me . 29. 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了第一代杂交水稻。 , Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice. 30. 其他行星上是否存在生命尚不清楚。 is not clear. 31. 她来不来都关系不大。 doesn’t matter too much. 32. 老师课堂上说的使我感到振奋。 in class made me feel encouraged. 33. 尽管这三个团队采取了不同的方法解决这个问题，他们最终都成功了。(despite) the three teams adopted different approaches to the problem, they all succeeded in the end. 34. The drugs did nothing to her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛／痛苦没有丝毫作用。 35. 相应的，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。 These frogs, , feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 36. 我们乘火车去还是乘船去都无所谓。 makes no difference we go by train by boat. 37. 我们没有想到徒步旅行是如此艰难。 hiking was such a hardship. 38. 很显然她不准备回家。 she was not going home. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。 Food shortages have long been disturbing people in developing 39 (country).Yuan Long ping, he famine fighter once said, “My lifetime pursuit is to ensure all people stay away from 40 (starve). Since the 1980s, Yuan’s team has offered training courses in dozens of countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia, 41 (provide) a strong food source in areas with a high risk of famine. 42 (global), more than 820 million people were hungry in 2018, according to a UN report. And if hybrid rice is planted in half of the world’s paddy fields(稻田), the 43 (add) yield(产量) alone can feed another 500 million people, said Yuan. Yuan’s team 44 (keep) on making new breakthroughs over the past few years. Yuan’s team was invited to make a plantation of 45 saline-alkaline tolerant rice(海水稻) in experimental fields in Dubai in January 2018, 46 achieved a huge success. China’s export of saline-alkaline tolerant rice and its technique has been considered 47 a way to battle for the world’s food security. In 2019, Yuan was awarded the Medal of the Republic, the country’s 48 (high) honour, for his contribution to China’s food security and scientific development of agriculture, as well as increasing the world’s food output. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Working the Land 单元重点词汇导学案 1.了解单元词汇全貌并认识其意义。 2.掌握重点词汇的含义及使用方法。 猜测词义 词义备选 1.hybrid 　　　 　n.　C　  2.crisis n.　D　  3.boost vt. & n.　G　  4.yield n.& vt. & vi. 　K　  5.domestic adj.　A　  6.strain n.　B　  7.celebrity n.　L　  8.envision vt.　F　  9.tunnel n.　J　  10.flavour n.　M　  11.fertiliser n.　O　  12.alleviate vt.　I　  13.nutrition n.　H　  14.grain n.　N　  15.vision n.　E　  A.本国的; 国内的; 家用的; 家庭的 B.(动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力 C.杂交植(动)物; 合成物; 混合动力车 D.危机; 危急关头 E.想象; 视力; 视野; 影像 F.展望; 想象 G.使增长; 使兴旺;增长; 提高; 激励 H.营养;滋养 I.减轻; 缓解 J.地下通道; 地道; 隧道 K.产量;产出;出产(作物); 产生(收益、效益等);屈服; 让步 L.名望; 名誉; 名人; 名流 M.味道; 特点; 特色 N.谷物; 谷粒; 颗粒 O.肥料 1.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①It took a long time to convince (convince) me of his honesty.  ②I think I can’t believe you,for you haven’t offered enough convincing (convince) evidence. ③We are convinced (convince) that the trouble is with the problem itself, not with us. 【知识拓展】 convince sb.of sth.　　　使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信…… convinced adj.坚信的;深信的;确信的 convincing adj.令人信服的 2.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①Through great effort,Tom attained five “A” grades in the exams.  经过巨大努力,汤姆考试成绩得到五个“A”。 ②They finally attained their goals.  他们最终实现了他们的目标。 【知识拓展】 attainable 　　　　　　adj.可到达的;可得到的;可实现的 attainment n.达到;获得 attain one’s aim/goal 达到某人的目标 attain knowledge 获得知识 3.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①It is estimated that (据估计)total cost of rebuilding homes in the country will continue to increase this year.  ②At a rough estimate(粗略估计),one third of the country’s water has been polluted.  ③We need to make an accurate estimate (作出准确的估计) about the cost of travelling.  【知识拓展】 estimate sth.at...　　　　估算某物为…… be estimated to do sth. 估计做某事 It is estimated (that)... 据估计…… at a rough estimate 粗略估计 make an accurate estimate 作出准确估计 4.overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜 【拓展练习】 完成句子 ①Failures can help us learn and overcome fears.  失败可以帮助我们学习并克服恐惧。 ②Once this difficulty is overcome,other problems will be easy to solve.  一旦战胜这一困难, 其他问题就容易解决了。 【知识拓展】 be overcome with regret　　　后悔不已 overcome one’s shortcomings克服某人的缺点 overcome difficulties 战胜困难 be overcome with grief 悲不自胜 5.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①Although he is disabled, he refuses to face reality (real). 完成句子 ②With the development of VR,Mary’s dream has become a reality.  随着VR技术的发展,玛丽的梦想已经实现了。 【知识拓展】 become a reality　　　　　　变成现实 in reality/fact 事实上;实际上 bring...back to reality 使……回到现实 face/accept reality 面对/接受现实 escape from reality 逃避现实 turn...into reality/realities 实现 6.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①He always devotes his attention to helping (help) the homeless children.  ②Devoted (devote) to his research,he almost forgot everything about himself. ③We appreciated his devotion (devote) to the project. 【知识拓展】 be devoted to(doing) sth. 献身于;专心致志于(做)某事 devote one’s life/time/energy to (doing) sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力献给…… devote oneself to 致力于;献身于;专心于 【要点提示】 以介词to结尾的常见动词短语: look forward to　　　　　　盼望; 期待 get down to 开始认真做某事 object to 反对 be opposed to 反对 be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致; 引起 contribute to 导致; 有助于; 捐献 7.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①The medical team is comprised of ten doctors and fifteen nurses.  ②This year’s figures are comprised (comprise) in the total.  【知识拓展】 be made up of　　　由……组成 consist of 由……组成 8.in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns. ②They had to take turns to look(look) after the patients.  【知识拓展】 by turns轮流地(表示“轮流地,交替地”,多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作) take turns in doing/to do sth.　轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 take one’s turn 轮到某人做 9.keep...free of/from...使……免受(影响、伤害等) 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①We should keep the children free of/from drugs. ②She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption. ③In the years ahead,he reflected that he would need to stay alert and informed just to keep up with Celia mentally. 【知识拓展】 keep up　　　　　　保持,使不低落 keep up with 赶上,不落后 keep out(of...) 不让……进入 keep off 离开;避开 10.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.  确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。 【拓展练习】 单句语法填空 ①We will then have a firmer foundation of fact on which to build theories. ②Water,without which we cannot live,exists in the form of liquid,gas or solid. ③He has downloaded seven news apps,through which he reads for one or two hours a day. 句型剖析：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)。一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择;二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择;三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:look for。 I.核心单词 1.shortage　　 n.不足;缺少;短缺 2.tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理 3.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实 4.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 5.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 6.attain 　　　vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到 7.overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜 8.intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的 9.generate vt.产生;引起 10.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 II.拓展单词 1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的→devotion n.献身,热爱 2.deep adj.深的→depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) 3.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩大,发展 4.convention n.惯例;常规;习俗→conventional adj.习惯的;传统的 5.character n.个性;品质;字符;人物→characteristic n.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的 6.estimate vt.估计; 估价; 估算n.估计;估算→estimation n.估算;估计 7.consume v.消费→consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consumer n.消费者 8.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化 9.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全部地;完整地 III.核心短语 1.devote...to　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2.be comprised of 包括; 包含;由……组成(或构成) 3.deep down 在内心深处; 本质上;实际上 4.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 5.for instance 例如;比如 6.turn to　　　　　转向 7.keep...from... 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 8.expand into... 扩大成/发展成为…… 9.through intense effort 通过不懈的努力 10.far from 完全不,远非;远离 IV.重点句式 1.句型公式:主语从句 However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,他最担心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 2.句型公式: “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯与他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 3.句型公式:动词不定式作目的状语 To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. 为了应对这一危机,他选择学习农业,在位于重庆的西南农业大学接受教育。 一、单词拼写 1. We need an effective strategy to fight . 2. I’m what you said is quite right. 3. The woman was so with emotion that she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing the couple. 4. Sydney’s population rapidly in the 1960s. 5. The meat was clearly unfit for human . 6. The investigation some unexpected results. 7. Government sources a long-term 50% increase in rail fares. 8. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 9. Through intense effort, Yuan Longping enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 10. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture . 11. The theatre managed to its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 12. Passing my driving test was such a to my confidence. 13. If you don’t like a double-decker, the subway, which runs 24 hours a day, is an/a for you. 二、完成句子 14. next week is being discussed. 我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 15. 这就是我今早迟到的原因。 I came late this morning. 16. 感到恐惧与紧张，我发现考前睡不好觉。(overcome) , I find before an exam. 17. 如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 this could be done was a question at the time. 18. 句型公式：现在分词短语作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果 教材原句：Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops. 之所以要种植不同种类的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，让土地为下一批农作物(的生长)作好准备。 仿写：大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。 Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, . 19. 微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。(break down barriers) It is a universal truth . 20. 更多的高速公路被建设完成，这使人们到中国各地旅行更加方便。 More highways have been built, people to travel around China. 21. 令我吃惊的是，他们在这么短的时间里成功地控制住了这次严重的大火。 ① , they managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time.(amazement) ②They managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time, (定语从句) ③ that they managed to take control of the terrible fire in such a short time. (it作形式主语) 22. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical，and this special chemical,    , affects our brains, making us feel happy. 维生素D帮助我们的身体产生一种特殊的化学物质，而这种特殊的化学物质反过来又影响我们的大脑，使我们感到快乐。 23. 在希腊度假时他印象最深刻的是他可以和家人一起去潜水。(主语从句,dive) with his family. 24. 他不仅勇敢，还很执着。最重要的，最让我印象深刻的是他愿意承认错误。(impress) He was not only brave, but also determined. Above all, was that he was willing to admit his faults. 25. 过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。 In the past, it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and from now on. 26. 我试着学习怎么吹走她，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！ I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I I could never make a musical sound with this instrument. 27. 你是否能实现你的梦想取决于努力而不是运气。 depends on hard work . 28. 把你买的东西给我看看。 Show me . 29. 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了第一代杂交水稻。 , Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice. 30. 其他行星上是否存在生命尚不清楚。 is not clear. 31. 她来不来都关系不大。 doesn’t matter too much. 32. 老师课堂上说的使我感到振奋。 in class made me feel encouraged. 33. 尽管这三个团队采取了不同的方法解决这个问题，他们最终都成功了。(despite) the three teams adopted different approaches to the problem, they all succeeded in the end. 34. The drugs did nothing to her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛／痛苦没有丝毫作用。 35. 相应的，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。 These frogs, , feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 36. 我们乘火车去还是乘船去都无所谓。 makes no difference we go by train by boat. 37. 我们没有想到徒步旅行是如此艰难。 hiking was such a hardship. 38. 很显然她不准备回家。 she was not going home. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。 Food shortages have long been disturbing people in developing 39 (country).Yuan Long ping, he famine fighter once said, “My lifetime pursuit is to ensure all people stay away from 40 (starve). Since the 1980s, Yuan’s team has offered training courses in dozens of countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia, 41 (provide) a strong food source in areas with a high risk of famine. 42 (global), more than 820 million people were hungry in 2018, according to a UN report. And if hybrid rice is planted in half of the world’s paddy fields(稻田), the 43 (add) yield(产量) alone can feed another 500 million people, said Yuan. Yuan’s team 44 (keep) on making new breakthroughs over the past few years. Yuan’s team was invited to make a plantation of 45 saline-alkaline tolerant rice(海水稻) in experimental fields in Dubai in January 2018, 46 achieved a huge success. China’s export of saline-alkaline tolerant rice and its technique has been considered 47 a way to battle for the world’s food security. In 2019, Yuan was awarded the Medal of the Republic, the country’s 48 (high) honour, for his contribution to China’s food security and scientific development of agriculture, as well as increasing the world’s food output. 参考答案 一、 1. poverty 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们需要制定一个有效的对策来与贫困作斗争。空前的fight表明该空是负向词汇，结合句意，此处表示对抗“贫困”，所以填名词poverty，不可数名词作宾语。故填poverty。 2. convinced 【解析】考查动词。句意：我坚信你说的话是正确的。分析句子可知，此处考查动词convince的用法，意为“使相信、使确信”，是个及物动词。再结合语意可知，“我坚信”应为I’m convinced。故填convinced。 3. overcome 【解析】考查固定短语搭配。句意：这名女子非常激动，她不停地拥抱和祝福这对夫妇。分析句子结构，以及后文“she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing the couple”可知，此处考查固定搭配：be overcome with emotion意为“相当激动，无法自己”。故填overcome。 4. expanded 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：20世纪60年代，悉尼的人口迅速增加。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语可知是一般过去时，根据句意可知是expand，意为“扩大”，故填expanded。 5. consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意：这肉显然不适合供人食用。此处应用名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“食用”应用名词consumption，为不可数名词，故填consumption。 6. yielded 【解析】考查时态。句意：调查得出了一些出乎意料的结果。根据句意可知，本句为一般现在时，空处填过去时yielded。故填yielded。 7. estimate 【解析】考查动词。句意：政府消息人士估计火车票价将有一个涨幅达50%的长期调涨。此处在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“估计”应用动词estimate，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填estimate。 8. comprised 【解析】考查固定短语和被动语态。句意：如今，据估计，中国国内约60%的水稻消费来自袁隆平的杂交品种。根据句意，即60%的水稻消费都由袁隆平的杂交水稻构成。此处是被动语态，be comprised of 翻译为“由……组成，构成”，故填comprised。 9. overcame 【解析】考查动词。句意：经过巨大的努力，1974年，袁隆平克服技术上的巨大困难，研制出了第一株杂交水稻。此处应填谓语动词，需要的词义是“克服”，为overcome，根据“in 1974”可知，动词overcome使用一般过去时，故填overcame。 10. entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：有些人倾向于完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。根据句意“完全”可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词stop。故填entirely。 11. boost 【解析】考查动词。句意：剧院设法透过降低票价来增加观众数量。根据句意可知应填动词boost，此处为不定式作宾语。故填boost。 12. boost 【解析】考查名词。句意：通过了驾驶执照考试使我自信心大增。根据句意可知，此处意为“推动，促进”，故应用名词“boost推动，促进”，且空前有冠词，故应用名词单数形式，故填boost。 13. alternative 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你不喜欢双层公共汽车，每天24小时运行的地铁是你的一个选择。根据句意可知，此处使用名词alternative，由不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式，be an alternative for“是……的选择”。故填alternative。 二、 14. Where we will have the picnic 【解析】考查主语从句和时态。根据汉语提示和句意，“我们下周在哪里野餐”为主语从句，根据时间状语next week，从句应用一般将来时，“在哪里”表达为连接副词where，后接陈述句的语序，主语“我们”用we，“野餐”表达为动词短语have the picnic。放在助动词will之后。故填：Where we will have the picnic。 15. This is why 【解析】考查why引导表语从句。句意：这就是我今天早上迟到的原因。根据句子分析可知，I came late this morning为从句，表示结果，故用why引导，再根据句意可知，主语为this，is为系动词，why引导表语从句。故填This，is，why。 16. Overcome with fear and nervousness it hard to have a sound sleep 【解析】考查非谓语动词。“感到恐惧与紧张”作状语，表达为overcome with fear and nervousness，overcome与逻辑主语I之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，设空处在句首，overcome首字母大写。“发现……睡不好觉”可用句型find it+adj+to do sth，故表达为it hard to have a sound sleep，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。故填：①Overcome with fear and nervousness；②it hard to have a sound sleep。 17. How challenging 【解析】考查主语从句。分许句子结构可知，第一个空处引导主语从句。根据句意可知，如何实现这一目标成为一个问题。所以用连词副词how“怎样，如何”引导主语从句；第二个空需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。challenging为形容词“具有挑战性的”，符合语境。故填①How②challenging。 18. making it a happy home for us 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，教材原句使用了现在分词作结果状语以及“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。所以，仿写句子中应使用同样结构。“幸福的家园”译为a happy home，作宾语补足语；“我们的”译为for us。所以，“使之成为我们幸福的家园”应为现在分词短语作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making it a happy home for us。 19. that a smile can break down barriers 【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，句首的it作形式主语，空处应用that引导从句作真正的主语，从句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语“微笑”译为a smile，使用不定冠词表示泛指，情态动词can表示“可以”，后接动词原形形式作谓语，“打破隔阂”译为break down barriers。故填that a smile can break down barriers。 20. making it more convenient for 【解析】考查非谓语动词，代词it和形容词。根据中英文提示，空处为“使……更加方便”，用make+宾语+宾语补足语，固定结构，分析句子可知，表自然而然的结果用现在分词形式作结果状语，宾语是下文的不定式复合结构“(for) people to travel”，故用it作形式宾语，“更加方便”作宾语补足语，用形容词convenient的比较级more convenient，故填making it more convenient for。 21. To my amazement which amazed me It amazed me 【解析】①考查固定短语。“令我吃惊的是”的英文表达是To my amazement，位于句首，首字母用大写。故答案为To my amazement。 ②考查非限制性定语从句。前面整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句由关系代词which引导，且在句中作主语，所以“这件事使我惊讶”的英文表达是which amazed me。故答案为which amazed me。 ③考查it的用法。该句用it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句在句中作真正的主语；“令我吃惊的是”的英文表达是It amazed me。故答案为It amazed me。 22. in turn 【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意，空处应填写“反过来”，介词短语in turn表示“反过来，转而”符合句意，故填(1).in (2).turn。 23. What impressed him most during his holiday in Greece was that he could go diving 【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。根据提示信息和句意可知，本句时态可用一般过去时，表示“留下深刻印象”可用动词impressed，表示“度假时”可用during his holiday，表示“在希腊”可用短语in Greece，此处应用what引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“去潜水”可用短语go diving，表示“他可以”用he could，此处从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that来引导表语从句。故答案为What impressed him most during his holiday in Greece was that he could go diving。 24. what impressed me most 【解析】考查从句和时态。对比中英文句子，空处应填“最让我印象深刻”，结合下文“was that he was willing to admit his faults”可知，此处可用固定句型：what...is that...，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；从句谓语动词“使……印象深刻”用impress表达，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；宾语“我”用me表达；程度副词“最”用most表达。故填what impressed me most。 25. in turn, we should give a helping hand to them 【解析】考查固定搭配和情态动词。and前后连接两个句子，“反过来”为固定搭配in turn，作状语，“帮助某人”为give a helping  hand to sb.，“我们应该从现在开始帮助他们”翻译为we should give a helping hand to them，故填in turn, we should give a helping hand to them 26. was convinced that 【解析】考查动词时态语态和从句。根据中英文提示，空处缺少“确信”作谓语动词，convince“使相信”，与主语I是被动关系，用被动语态，根据句意和tried，could 可知用一般过去时，后接宾语从句，“I could never make a musical sound with this instrument”句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that，结合主谓一致，故填was convinced that。 27. Whether you can make your dream come true more than luck 【解析】考查主语从句，时态和短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，第一个空意思是“你是否能实现你的梦想”，可以用whether连接的主语从句，“实现”短语为come true，时态用一般现在时，译为“Whether you can make your dream come true”；第二个空意思是“而不是运气”，可以用短语more than，“运气”译为luck。故填①Whether you can make your dream come true；② more than luck。 28. what you have bought 【解析】考查宾语从句、时态和动词。根据句意可知，句子为宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，“you”作从句主语，意为“你”，“buy”意为“买”，动词词性，从句强调动作已经完成，应用现在完成时，“you”和“have”连用，“buy”的过去分词为“bought”，应用“what”引导从句，作“have bought”的宾语，空格处应填“what you have bought”，表示“你买的东西”。故填what you have bought。 29. Through intense effort 【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“历经千辛万苦”，应用介词短语through intense effort，句首单词，首字母大写。故填①Through；②intense；③effort。 30. Whether life exists on other planets 【解析】考查主语从句。空格处作主语，结合句意“其他行星上是否存在生命”为whether life exists on other planets, 其中表示“是否”应用从属连词whether引导主语从句，表示“生命”应用名词life，作主语，表示“存在”应用动词exist，作从句的谓语，本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，表示“在其他星球上”应用介词短语on other planets，作状语。故填Whether life exists on other planets。 31. Whether she comes or not 【解析】考查主语从句，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“她来不来”，可理解为“她是否来”，“是否”是whether...or not，引导的是主语从句，由doesn’t可知，句子时态是一般现在时，“她”是she，“来”是come，用第三人称单数，因此空格处是whether she comes or not，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Whether she comes or not。 32. What the teacher said 【解析】考查主语从句。根据汉语提示可知，本句为主语从句，主语从句描述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。what作said的宾语。故填What the teacher said。 【点睛】 33. Despite the fact that 【解析】考查介词。根据汉语翻译及提示可知，空处需填表示“尽管”的英语表达，despite是介词，后面不能直接跟句子作宾语，可以表示为despite the fact that，其中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的内容，the fact作despite的宾语。故填Despite the fact that。 34. alleviate 【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句意可知，此处需要使用动词alleviate表示“减轻”，构成不定式，作定语。故填alleviate。 35. in turn 【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表达“相应的”，应用介词短语为in turn。故填①in；②turn。 36. It whether or 【解析】考查固定句型。根据所给中文句子和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“...还是...都无所谓”此处是固定句型：it makes no difference意为“没有差别”，所以①空处填it作形式主语，位于句首，首字母应大写，②空处引导主语从句，根据句意，应用whether引导，whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。故填①It，②whether，③or。 37. It didn’t occur to us that 【解析】考查主语从句和时态。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人突然想到……，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。根据从句时态可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填It didn’t occur to us that。 38. It was quite obvious that 【解析】考查形式主语和that主语从句。此处应用it作形式主语，that主语从句作真正主语，表示“显然的”应用形容词obvious，作表语；表示“很”应用程度副词quite，作状语，修饰形容词obvious；由句意知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故答案为It was quite obvious that。 三、 39. countries 40. starvation 41. providing 42. Globally 43. added 44. has kept 45. the 46. which 47. as 48. highest 【解析】本文是一篇报道。文章主要报道了袁隆平院士因对中国粮食安全和农业科学发展以及增加世界粮食产量的贡献而被授予共和国勋章。 39. 考查名词的数。句意：长期以来，粮食短缺一直困扰着发展中国家的人民。根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式，指多个发展中国家。故填countries。 40. 考查名词。句意：袁隆平，一位抗击饥荒的斗士曾经说过：“我一生的追求是确保所有的人都远离饥饿。”。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当介词的宾语。故填starvation。 41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：自20世纪80年代以来，袁隆平的团队已经在非洲、美洲和亚洲的几十个国家提供了培训课程，为饥荒高风险地区提供了强大的食物来源。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填providing。 42. 考查副词。句意：根据联合国的一份报告，2018年全球有超过8.2亿人处于饥饿状态。担当句子的状语用副词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Globally。 43. 考查形容词。句意：袁隆平说，如果杂交水稻种植在世界一半的水田上，仅增加的产量就可以养活另外5亿人。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“yield”，意为“增加的”，用added。故填added。 44. 考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，袁隆平的团队不断取得新的突破。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Yuan’s team”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has kept。 45. 考查冠词。句意：2018年1月，袁隆平的团队受邀在迪拜的试验田种植耐盐碱水稻，并取得了巨大成功。修饰名词，表特指，用定冠词。故填the。 46. 考查定语从句。句意：2018年1月，袁隆平的团队受邀在迪拜的试验田种植耐盐碱水稻，并取得了巨大成功。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，代指主句中的“make a plantation of the saline-alkaline tolerant rice(海水稻) in experimental fields in Dubai”，在从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 47. 考查固定搭配。句意：中国出口的耐盐碱水稻及其技术被认为是为世界粮食安全而战的一种方式。固定搭配：be considered as，意为“被认为是……”。故填as。 48. 考查最高级。句意：2019年，他因对中国粮食安全和农业科学发展以及增加世界粮食产量的贡献而被授予共和国勋章，这是国家的最高荣誉。根据常识可知，共和国勋章是国家的最高荣誉，用形容词最高级。故填highest。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$