UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas

[对应学生用书P106]

Ⅰ.重点词汇

1．decline v．减少

2．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于

3．goat n．山羊

4．primitive adj.原始的，低等的

5．worldwide adv.遍及全世界

6．giant adj.巨大的，特大的

7．myth n．(古代的)神话

8．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)

9．root n．根

10．link v．把……联系起来；连接

11．centimetre n．厘米

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1．character n．个性；字符；人物→characteristic n．特征

2．detect v．发觉，察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)→detective n．侦探；警探→detector n．探测器

Ⅲ.短语互译

1．最后；最终 in the end

2．到……时为止 by the time of

3．归咎于 be blamed on

4．尤其；特别 in particular

5．对……有害 be harmful to

6．事实上 in fact

7．源于……的，原产于…… be native to

8．施行；实现 carry out

9．毕竟；到底；终究after all

10．驱赶……，赶走…… drive ...away

11．与……有共同之处 have ...in common with

12．听说 hear of

13．by the way顺便说/问一下

14．speak of谈到；论及

15．by contrast相反；相比之下

Ⅳ.重点句式

1．句型：be said to据说……

教材原句：Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.

翻译：据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度遇到过这样一棵会说话的树。

2．句型：it作形式主语

教材原句：It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.

翻译：人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。

3．句型：way作先行词的定语从句

教材原句：Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.

翻译：科学家们每天都在了解更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。

[对应学生用书P107]

Ⅰ.原文释译

The Secret Language of Plants

Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.❶Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories，such as the film Avatar，trees can communicate with④ animals and people.

❶sb./sth.be said to have done ...据说某人/某物曾……

❷With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤，new research has revealed⑥ something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all⑦.

❷with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)，在句中作状语，本句中宾语us与believe之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式believing作宾语补足语。that引导宾语从句。

❸It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant，say⑧ a bean plant，gets attacked⑨ by insects.The plant releases⑩ tiny amounts of⑪ chemicals from the leaves ❹that are being eaten．This is like a warning，or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑫ the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑬.Others attract insects—the wasps⑭！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，❺so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides⑮．

❸It is known that ...表示“众所周知……”，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。本句中有for some time作时间状语，用现在完成时“It has been known for some time that ...”。

❹that引导定语从句，修饰the leaves，从句使用了现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被……”。

❺so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便于……”。

More surprisingly⑯，plants also use sound to communicate.People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots⑰.Corn and chilli⑱ plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell⑲ if a neighbouring⑳ plant is helpful，or unfriendly.❻Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving.

❻本句中现在分词clicking作noises的前置定语，现在分词indicating后面接省略引导词that的宾语从句，作伴随状语。

Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.❼Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi.This fungal