课时梯级训练(4) Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(四)　Section Ⅳ　Writing Ⅰ.阅读理解 Sigma Xi，the Scientific Research Honor Society is honored to announce that Shirley M．Malcom is the 2021 receiver of the Gold Key Award.As the Society's highest honor，the Gold Key Award is presented to a member who has made extraordinary contributions to their profession and has encouraged critical innovations to enhance the health of the scientific research，and to promote the public understanding of science for the purpose of improving the human condition. “Dr.Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today.We are delighted to present her with the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award，” announced Jamie Vernon，executive director and CEO of Sigma Xi.“It is hard to overstate Dr.Malcom's contributions to the sciences and science education.She is a model of the values that Sigma Xi stands for，” said Sigma Xi President Robert Pennock. Trained as a zoologist and ecologist，Malcom has played many roles in her distinguished career，including high school science teacher，university tutor，and National Science Foundation program officer.In her current role as the senior advisor and director of SEA Change at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)，she heads initiatives that focus on advancing institutional transformation in support of diversity，fairness，and inclusiveness. Malcom has been a pioneer and role model for African American women in science.Throughout her career，she has advocated for the advancement of science education for minority students at every level，from K­12 through college，graduate school，and beyond. The symbolism of the Gold Key Award pays respect to the early days of Sigma Xi (late 1800s to early 1900s)，when acceptance into the Scientific Research Honor Society was often accompanied by the presentation of a small gold key.The key represented pride in the science or engineering accomplishments of the holder.Previous receivers of the award include Walter E．Massey，Gordon E．Moore，and Norman R．Augustine. 1．Why was Dr.Malcom awarded the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award? A．Because she was a zoologist and ecologist. B．Because she worked as a high school science teacher. C．Because she promoted the public understanding of variety and inclusiveness in science. D．Because she set up the Education and Human Resources Programmes. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Dr.Malcom? A．Innovative and pioneering. B．Brave and determined. C．Considerate and optimistic. D．Cautious and friendly. 3．What do you know from the passage? A.Dr.Malcom has made contributions to starting institutional transformation. B.Dr.Malcom has advocated for the advancement of science education for all students. C．The Gold Key Award is a symbol of pride and honor in science. D．There are three receivers of the Gold Key Award in total. 4．Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In a book review.　 B．In a guidebook. C．In a biography. D．In a news report. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Shirley M．Malcom因为对科学研究事业作出的杰出贡献而获得科研荣誉学会的金钥匙奖。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Dr.Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity ... executive director and CEO of Sigma Xi.”可知，Malcom博士获得Sigma Xi金钥匙奖是因为她促进了公众对科学多样性和包容性的理解。故选C。 2．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr.Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today.”以及第四段中的“Malcom has been a pioneer and role model for African American women in science.”可推知，Malcom博士是一个有创新精神的开拓者。故选A。 3．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The symbolism of the Gold Key Award pays respect to ... the science or engineering accomplishments of the holder.”可推知，金钥匙奖是科学领域自豪和荣誉的象征。故选C。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。文章主要报道了Malcom博士获得科研荣誉学会的金钥匙奖的事迹，由此可推知文章选自新闻报道。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 James Watt，born in Scotland in 1736，was an engineer，scientist and 1.__________(invent).As a child he was gifted in the areas of maths and science. One day when he was 12 years old，he sat in his family kitchen，2.__________(watch) a kettle boiling water.As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce 3.__________ and down.He thought deeply about what was happening，as steam was only water 4.__________ seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top.He reflected 5.__________ (far) on the process，estimating how much more power could 6.__________(create) by a large amount of water.Later he experimented with steam and eventually developed the steam engine.This was 7.__________ great success in improving the Newcomen steam engine，8.__________ was commonly used at the time. Watt's invention changed the course of human history.Steam engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution.With this 9.__________(come) new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.In the area of transportation，steam engines were used 10.__________(power) trains and boats，helping people to travel greater distance in much shorter times. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国著名的工程师、科学家和发明家瓦特，还介绍了瓦特如何研制出了蒸汽机。 1．inventor　[解析]考查名词。根据空前的“an engineer，scientist”可知，空处指的是发明家，应用名词单数形式。故填inventor。 2．watching　[解析]考查非谓语动词。这里用非谓语动词充当状语，和主句主语he之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填watching。 3．up　[解析]考查副词。根据空后的and down可知，空处为up，构成短语up and down“上下起伏”。故填up。 4．but　[解析]考查连词。空前steam was only water和空后seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top之间存在转折关系。故填but。 5．further　[解析]考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词，修饰动词短语reflected on；再根据上文He thought deeply可知，空处指的是更进一步思考，应用比较级。故填further。 6．be created　[解析]考查动词的语态。出现在情态动词之后，用动词原形。主语power和动词create之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态。故填be created。 7．a　[解析]考查冠词。success为不可数名词，意为“成功”。但是当success指的是具体的一件事的时候，则是可数名词，此处泛指“一个成功的发明”，应用不定冠词，great是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 8．which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Newcomen steam engine，关系词代替先行词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．came　[解析]考查动词的时态和语态。本句为完全倒装句，主语new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs和come之间为主动关系；分析上下文可知，时态为一般过去时。故填came。 10．to power　[解析]考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to power。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 近来同学们了解了多位科学家的故事，如约翰·斯诺(John Snow)、钱学森、史蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)、袁隆平等，学习了他们的奉献精神。为此你们班将举行主题为“Greatest Scientists”的英语演讲比赛，假定你是李华，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，简单介绍自己敬佩的科学家。 注意：词数80左右。 [参考范文] Good morning，my classmates! I'm Li Hua，it's my honor to make a speech to introduce a scientist I admire. He is Qian Xuesen，who is known as the father of China's aerospace.Personally，he was a pioneer who was determined to pursue his dreams.More importantly，he was patriotic and served our country with effort，achievement and devotion.All of this makes him a great scientist. Undoubtedly，as teenagers，we should learn and pass on his scientific spirits as well as his perseverance in the face of frustration. Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Derek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine.Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees，they couldn't wait to start their holiday. A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently.Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat.“Palm Trees Hotel，please，” Derek said excitedly.“Certainly，sir，” replied the driver，as he turned around with a flashing white smile.Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic.“Excuse me，er，your face seems very familiar—in fact，you remind us of that famous film star，Rocky Overton ...but of course，you can't be.” Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person，but a robot made to look like a famous actor.“Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers.“So，here I am，” “Rocky” continued，“your first robot taxi driver！” Derek and Shirley held each other's hands more tightly.“Relax，” “Rocky” reassured them，“there is nothing for you to worry about.I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent.I'm equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions，and I know every street in the city.I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner.Please sit back，relax and enjoy the journey.” Derek and Shirley，feeling a little better，leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes.“And another thing，” “Rocky” added，“my line of robots represents the ultimate in computer technology.I am beautifully designed，made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks.Therefore，you are entirely safe with me.Nothing could possibly go wrong ...could possibly go wrong ...go wrong ...go wrong ...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: “Don't worry，sir，” came the calm reply on the phone.“And your taxi is also a driverless car.”________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes.The taxi was moving faster and faster，and “Rocky” seemed to be malfunctioning.“Slow down！” Derek shouted，but “Rocky” did not respond.The robot drove even faster than before and narrowly missed a car.Terrified，Derek grabbed his phone.With trembling fingers，he called the taxi company.“Hello？” Derek shouted into the phone.“Our robot driver is having a breakdown and he's completely out of control.We need help quickly！” Paragraph 2： “Don't worry，sir，” came the calm reply on the phone.“And your taxi is also a driverless car.” The reply continued，“We have the authority to disable the robot driver.Let me switch your taxi to the driverless mode and get you to your destination safely.” The taxi immediately slowed down and continued as if nothing had happened，although its driver could be heard mumbling to himself，“...go wrong ...go wrong ...” When they finally arrived at their hotel，Derek and Shirley quickly got out of the taxi，relieved and grateful to be alive.As they watched the taxi move away，they agreed that for the rest of the holiday，they would walk everywhere! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$