07 名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（天津专版）

名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 名词性从句 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】近5年天津卷对于名词性从句的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查： 1．宾语从句中关系代词的选择 2．宾语从句中关系副词的选择 3．宾语从句中从属连词的选择 4．主语从句中关系代词的选择 5．表语从句中关系副词的选择 【备考策略】 高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对名词性从句的识别以及从句引导词的恰当使用。考生需基于正确的语境理解和句子分析，判断名词性从句是作为主语、宾语还是表语从句（注意，同位语从句已列为选修内容，不再出现于天津卷的单项选择题中）。 近年来，天津卷的考查范围不仅局限于单项选择，还扩展到了完形填空、阅读理解和阅读表达等题型中，体现了对名词性从句考查的广度和深度。因此，考生在备考时，应注重在语境中加强对名词性从句的辨识能力，熟练掌握从句引导词的用法，同时关注主从句的时态一致性、逻辑常识、固定搭配以及引导词的省略现象，并牢记常见句型和特殊表达。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择对主语从句和宾语从句的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查从句的关系代词、关系副词和从属连词的使用。 必备基础知识： 在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。根据其在句中的具体功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须使用陈述句语序。 名词性从句的关系词 分类 关系词 指代意义 充当从句成分 关系代词 what (-ever) 物 主语、宾语、表语 who (-ever) 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom (-ever) 人 宾语 which (-ever) 物/人，译为“哪个” 主语、宾语、表语 whose 物/人，译为“……的” 定语 关系副词 where 地点 地点状语 when 时间 时间状语 why 原因 原因状语 how 方式 方式状语 从属连词 that （无实际意义） （连词不充当成分） whether/if 译为“是否” （连词不充当成分） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01名词性从句中的主语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 句首或It放句首作形式主语 What we'll do next has not been decided.接下来我们要做什么还没有决定。 It would be uneconomic to try and repair it. 要修理它不划算。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 特别注意 It作形式主语的常见句型 It is +adj. (necessary, important, essential, urgent, natural, strange, etc.) that sb. (should) do... It's true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. 内在美确实很重要,但外在美也不应该完全被忽略。 It is + n.(a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc.) that... It’s a pity that you will leave. 遗憾的是你要离开。 It is no wonder that he gave up this goodopportunity. 难怪他放弃了这次好机会。 It is + done (said, reported, estimated, thought, believed, suggested, etc.) that... It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. 预计这次会议要开四天。 It seems/ appears/ happens/ matters/ ...that... It happens that I'm wanted badly at this moment. 碰巧此刻有人急着找我。 主语从句的主谓一致 主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数。 what引导的主语从句，若表示单数概念，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；若表示复数概念，主句的谓语动词用复数。 What he needs is more experience.他所需要的是更多的经验。 What he wants now are books related to hisresearch. 他现在需要的是与他的研究相关的书。 1．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 2．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 3．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too. A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which 5．（23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream. A．As B．Which C．That D．What 考点精讲02名词性从句中的宾语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 及物动词（短语）或介词后或it作形式宾语 Scientists wanted to find out why the experiment failed. 科学家想找出实验失败的原因。 Her story changed my ideas about what it means to be beautiful. 她的故事改变了我对美的看法。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 特别注意 It作形式宾语的常用及物动词及短语 find, make, feel, think, consider, hate, like, appreciate, see to, depend on, take...for granted等 I feel it important that we should keep calm in danger. 我们应该在危险中保持冷静,我认为这是重要的。 否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称时，在 think，believe，suppose， expect，imagine等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就要用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上。 I don’t think she will attend the meeting. 我认为她不会参加会议。 省略that 引导宾语从句的that通常可以省略，但是多个并列的宾语从句中第一个that可以省略，而后面的that必须保留。 I wished (that) we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们可以到杭州去玩玩，并在返回的路上到上海买一些书。 what和who引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语 what 和 who引导宾语从句时，如果它们在从句中充当主语，其语序无须改变。 Please tell me what’s the matter with him. 请告诉我他怎么了。 I don’t know who will be in charge of theproject. 我不知道谁会负责这个项目。 主从时态一致 宾语从句与主句的时态需保持一致。如果主句是一般过去时，那么宾语从句应该用相应的过去时；如果宾语从句说明的是客观事实，则从句依然使用一般现在时。 I thought that I was on safe ground discussing music with my teacher. 我认为与我的老师一起讨论音乐是稳妥的。 The teacher told us that the earth is round. 老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 3．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 4．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 5．（2024·天津河东·一模）They always give the available seats to ______comes first. After all, the early bird catches the worm. A．whoever B．whom C．that D．one 考点精讲03名词性从句中的表语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 系动词后 This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 1．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam. A．how B．what C．when D．that 2．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 3．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 考点精讲04名词性从句中只用whether不用if的情况 条件 例句 引导表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句时 Whether they can take our advice is a question. = The question is whether they can take our advice. 问题是他们能否接受我们的建议。 I don't care whether/if he will come or not. =I don’t care whether or not he will come. 我不在乎他是否会来。 引导主语从句，且从句置于句首时 与or not直接连用时 1．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）What concerns the whole nation most is________ the trapped miners under the coal mine have been rescued. A．why B．that C．whether D．what 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）What the doctors really doubt is ________ the patient will recover from the serious disease soon. A．whenever B．if C．whether D．that 考点精讲05名词性从句中的“-ever”结构 条件 例句 “-ever” 译为“无论……”或“任何……” He wouldn't believe whatever I said. 他不肯相信我说的任何话。 名词性从句中的-ever结构可转换为定语从句 He wouldn't believe whatever I said. =He wouldn’t believe anything that I said. 他不肯相信我说的任何话。 无限定范围时用 whatever，有限定范围时用whichever。 I'll do whatever I can to help you. 我会做任何我能做的事来帮助你。 We have many books, and you can take whichever you like. 我们有很多书,你可以拿走你喜欢的。 whomever只作宾语 Give the book to whoever likes it. 把这本书给任何喜欢它的人。 Give the book to whomever/whoever you like. 你愿意把这本书给谁就给谁。 1．（2023·天津·二模）The employers often give the job to ________they believe has work experience with strong sense of duty. A．whoever B．who C．those who D．whomever 2．（2023·天津和平·二模）At the school charity party, each student donated ________ amount he or she could afford. A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever 3．（2022·天津南开·三模）________ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Whoever C．All D．Who 4．（2022·天津和平·三模）I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service. A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever 5．（2022·天津·模拟预测）--- I’m afraid I have to give it up. --- Remember ______ sticks to his work will succeed one day. A．no matter who B．whoever C．who D．anyone （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 3．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）We didn’t notice _____ we had got away off the path until we were deep in the forest. A．how far B．so far C．how long D．so long 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 6．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 7．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 8．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 9．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 10．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam. A．how B．what C．when D．that 11．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 12．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end? A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A．how B．what C．which D．why 14．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 15．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 16．（2024·天津·一模）In Chinese culture white represents purity, which is ______ a bride wears a beautiful white gown on her wedding day. A．that B．what C．why D．how 17．（2024·天津·一模）I have seen the film and I think ____ impresses me most is the plot about family and love. A．that B．where C．what D．which 18．（2024·天津河北·一模）Practising Tai Chi has taught me ________ it means to truly relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. A．that B．what C．why D．how 19．（2024·天津河东·一模）With the high-quality development, Tianjin has taken a new look. It isn’t ______it used to be. A．what B．how C．that D．which 20．（2024·天津河东·一模）They always give the available seats to ______comes first. After all, the early bird catches the worm. A．whoever B．whom C．that D．one 21．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened? A．in on what B．in that C．with which D．on what 22．（2023·天津·二模）The truth is ________ we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. A．what B．why C．that D．where 23．（2023·天津北辰·模拟预测）When I saw my cat waiting sadly for the dog to return at the gate, I suddenly realized ________ close the relationship between them was. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 24．（2023·天津·一模）Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen from ancient times can reveal they viewed the world and what went on in the workshops that produced them. A．what B．when C．why D．how 25．（2023·天津河北·二模）One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was ________it was based on his own life. A．what B．how C．that D．whether 26．（2023·天津·二模）The employers often give the job to ________they believe has work experience with strong sense of duty. A．whoever B．who C．those who D．whomever 27．（2023·天津和平·二模）At the school charity party, each student donated ____ amount he or she could afford. A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever 28．（2023·天津·二模）In my opinion, ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A．whether B．that C．which D．what 29．（2023·天津南开·一模）Although the theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows ________ powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people. A．that B．how C．what D．whether 30．（2023·天津·一模）When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ______ I looked forward to most. A．that B．what C．which D．when 31．（2023·天津·模拟预测）All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is _________we’re able to carry them out. A．which B．as C．whether D．what 32．（2023·天津河东·一模）Professor Smith doesn’t have time to explain________ the university library works, so we have to find it out by ourselves. A．that B．what C．how D．where 33．（2023·天津和平·一模）________ all this put under debate is whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purpose. A．How B．Why C．What D．That 34．（2022·天津南开·一模）I had dreamed of this moment many times in my childhood. But when you finally make it it’s totally different from ________ you had imagined A．when B．what C．that D．which 35．（2021·天津宁河·一模）________inspires the whole nation is that China has scored a complete victory in its fight against poverty. A．Who B．Which C．That D．What 36．（2022·天津南开·一模）We’ve done a solid preparation so this is ________ our team is supposed to shine. A．what B．whether C．which D．where 37．（2022·天津南开·三模）________ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Whoever C．All D．Who 38．（2022·天津南开·二模）________ he will come to our school tomorrow surprises us all. A．Why B．That C．What D．When 39．（2022·天津·一模）Happiness isn’t about what happens to us; it’s about ________ we see the things that happen to us. A．what B．how C．that D．why 40．（2022·天津和平·三模）I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service. A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever 41．（2022·天津和平·三模）Whether big or small, ________ all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences. A．how B．what C．that D．where 42．（2022·天津河东·二模）______ is a good meal and a good rest. A．That you really need B．That you really need C．What you really need D．What are you really needed 43．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Graduates today get more creative in their career pursuits, and can quickly respond to and change with _____ the market demands. A．when B．which C．what D．that 44．（2022·天津·二模）______ we’ll do is to leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late. A．That B．Which C．What D．How 45．（2022·天津河北·二模）—Have you finished reading the book? —No. I’ve read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave. A．which B．what C．that D．where 46．（2022·天津·一模）You should follow the doctor's instruction to give up smoking or ________ he suggested will have little effect on your health. A．when B．how C．why. D．what 47．（2022·天津宁河·二模）They studied these issues in detail and reached ________ I thought was appropriate conclusions. A．which B．where C．what D．that 48．（2022·天津河北·一模）— Have you heard that Space X sent a Tesla car into space? — Yes. __________ they have achieved is amazing. A．Where B．What C．That D．How 49．（2022·天津津南·模拟预测）The researchers who study jokes want to know ________ people from different nations and cultures find very funny. A．why B．that C．what D．whether 50．（2022·天津·一模）I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood ______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt. A．which; what B．why; that C．which; where D．that; how 翻译句子 1．我意识到我应该花时间学习且充分利用新的机会。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．年轻人希望新年会带来好运，更多的机会和新的挑战。(hope)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．说到是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者，她热衷于教育，相信教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子。（appeal v.）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．我很高兴地告诉你，我们学校将成立一个体育俱乐部。(that引导的宾语从句)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。（keep one’s eyes open）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．在线交流时，你永远无法百分百确定跟你聊天的人是否坦诚地表明了身份。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．他又害怕又担心，双手交叉在胸前，深深地祈祷着一切都会好起来（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．在我们的共同努力下，我们周围的环境将焕然一新。欢迎任何人加入我们！(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．听说英语口语课上我们将要被随机组合，我特写信表达我的意见。(hearing) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．她兴奋地了解到，只要有一点创造力和观察力，任何挑战都可以克服。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.(英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．It’s highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．It is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “what is art?” (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．He says his customers come because they want comfortable shoes which are exactly the right size.（英译汉） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．He firmly believes that the brain-computer interface is not a tool to control him but a partner to help him rediscover himself. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 17．Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us, something worth remembering is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 18．You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 19．Studies have shown that human activities pose a significant threat to marine environments, emphasizing the need for improved environmental governance and measures to address environmental risks. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20．Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）The opinion __________ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A．which B．that C．what D．how 9．（2018·天津·高考真题）He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected. A．why B．how C．that D．what 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. A．whomever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever 11．（2017·天津·高考真题）She asked me ___ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. A．when B．where C．whether D．what 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A．whether B．that C．which D．what 13．（2014·天津·高考真题）I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A．what B．that C．which D．who 14．（2013·天津·高考真题）__________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What 15．（2012·天津·高考真题）It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. A．whether B．how C．if D．when 16．（2011·天津·高考真题）Modern science has given evidence _________ smoking can lead to many diseases. A．what B．which C．that D．where 17．（2010·天津·高考真题）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ______ it takes to start a business here. A．how B．what C．when D．which 18．（2009·天津·高考真题）It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A．as B．which C．whether D．that 19．（2008·天津·高考真题）The last time we had great fun was __________ we were visiting the Water Park. A．where B．how C．when D．why 20．（2007·天津·高考真题）The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is. A．what B．which C．how D．where 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 名词性从句 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】近5年天津卷对于名词性从句的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查： 1．宾语从句中关系代词的选择 2．宾语从句中关系副词的选择 3．宾语从句中从属连词的选择 4．主语从句中关系代词的选择 5．表语从句中关系副词的选择 【备考策略】 高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对名词性从句的识别以及从句引导词的恰当使用。考生需基于正确的语境理解和句子分析，判断名词性从句是作为主语、宾语还是表语从句（注意，同位语从句已列为选修内容，不再出现于天津卷的单项选择题中）。 近年来，天津卷的考查范围不仅局限于单项选择，还扩展到了完形填空、阅读理解和阅读表达等题型中，体现了对名词性从句考查的广度和深度。因此，考生在备考时，应注重在语境中加强对名词性从句的辨识能力，熟练掌握从句引导词的用法，同时关注主从句的时态一致性、逻辑常识、固定搭配以及引导词的省略现象，并牢记常见句型和特殊表达。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择对主语从句和宾语从句的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查从句的关系代词、关系副词和从属连词的使用。 必备基础知识： 在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。根据其在句中的具体功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须使用陈述句语序。 名词性从句的关系词 分类 关系词 指代意义 充当从句成分 关系代词 what (-ever) 物 主语、宾语、表语 who (-ever) 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom (-ever) 人 宾语 which (-ever) 物/人，译为“哪个” 主语、宾语、表语 whose 物/人，译为“……的” 定语 关系副词 where 地点 地点状语 when 时间 时间状语 why 原因 原因状语 how 方式 方式状语 从属连词 that （无实际意义） （连词不充当成分） whether/if 译为“是否” （连词不充当成分） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01名词性从句中的主语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 句首或It放句首作形式主语 What we'll do next has not been decided.接下来我们要做什么还没有决定。 It would be uneconomic to try and repair it. 要修理它不划算。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 特别注意 It作形式主语的常见句型 It is +adj. (necessary, important, essential, urgent, natural, strange, etc.) that sb. (should) do... It's true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. 内在美确实很重要,但外在美也不应该完全被忽略。 It is + n.(a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc.) that... It’s a pity that you will leave. 遗憾的是你要离开。 It is no wonder that he gave up this goodopportunity. 难怪他放弃了这次好机会。 It is + done (said, reported, estimated, thought, believed, suggested, etc.) that... It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. 预计这次会议要开四天。 It seems/ appears/ happens/ matters/ ...that... It happens that I'm wanted badly at this moment. 碰巧此刻有人急着找我。 主语从句的主谓一致 主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数。 what引导的主语从句，若表示单数概念，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；若表示复数概念，主句的谓语动词用复数。 What he needs is more experience.他所需要的是更多的经验。 What he wants now are books related to hisresearch. 他现在需要的是与他的研究相关的书。 1．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词。句意：既然我已经决定要创办自己的公司，他是否支持我的计划并不重要。分析句子结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的名词性从句，空格处应该用连词引导主语从句，表示“是否”的意思，故选C。 2．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你难道没有想到这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里it是形式主语，空格处引导的从句是真正的主语成分，从句缺少介词about的宾语，上下文需要“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。 3．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“最有效的事情”。故选A项。 4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too. A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：Hart博士说他真正钦佩的是，她认可健康的身体不仅使她更美丽，而且更快乐。分析句子可知，第一空引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词替代先行词在从句中作状语，用关系代词that引导，是固定用法。故选C。 5．（23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream. A．As B．Which C．That D．What 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我认为，往往的情况是，当回首往事时，苦乐参半的老年生活总是人们追求梦想的亮点。分析句子结构可知，I assume是插入语，“________is often the case”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what引导主语从句，故选D。 考点精讲02名词性从句中的宾语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 及物动词（短语）或介词后或it作形式宾语 Scientists wanted to find out why the experiment failed. 科学家想找出实验失败的原因。 Her story changed my ideas about what it means to be beautiful. 她的故事改变了我对美的看法。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 特别注意 It作形式宾语的常用及物动词及短语 find, make, feel, think, consider, hate, like, appreciate, see to, depend on, take...for granted等 I feel it important that we should keep calm in danger. 我们应该在危险中保持冷静,我认为这是重要的。 否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称时，在 think，believe，suppose， expect，imagine等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就要用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上。 I don’t think she will attend the meeting. 我认为她不会参加会议。 省略that 引导宾语从句的that通常可以省略，但是多个并列的宾语从句中第一个that可以省略，而后面的that必须保留。 I wished (that) we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们可以到杭州去玩玩，并在返回的路上到上海买一些书。 what和who引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语 what 和 who引导宾语从句时，如果它们在从句中充当主语，其语序无须改变。 Please tell me what’s the matter with him. 请告诉我他怎么了。 I don’t know who will be in charge of theproject. 我不知道谁会负责这个项目。 主从时态一致 宾语从句与主句的时态需保持一致。如果主句是一般过去时，那么宾语从句应该用相应的过去时；如果宾语从句说明的是客观事实，则从句依然使用一般现在时。 I thought that I was on safe ground discussing music with my teacher. 我认为与我的老师一起讨论音乐是稳妥的。 The teacher told us that the earth is round. 老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：游览紫禁城时，我对中国古代建筑师如何完成如此令人印象深刻的设计和建造感到惊讶。分析句子可知，介词by后接一个宾语从句，空白处在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，故应用how引导该宾语从句。故选D项。 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。 3．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这位科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系。A. that(无意义)；B. what什么，……的事；C. how如何，怎样；D. whether是否。根据后文there is a relationship between sleep and memory可知，此处表示“有关睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系的研究”，用whether引导。故选D。 4．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：中国电动汽车制造商正在投资开发新功能，将他们的电动汽车与手机和家用电器连接起来，形成所谓的“人x车x家”生态系统。分析句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，可使用连接词what在从句中作主语。故选D。 5．（2024·天津河东·一模）They always give the available seats to ______comes first. After all, the early bird catches the worm. A．whoever B．whom C．that D．one 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：他们总是把现有的座位让给先来的人。毕竟，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句。从句缺少主语，指人，且表示“无论谁”，所以用whoever引导。故选A。 考点精讲03名词性从句中的表语从句 解题思路 细节 例句 ①确定从句位置 系动词后 This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。 ②确定关系词 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语则用关系代词，成分完整则用关系副词或从属连词，同时需要根据句意选择 1．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam. A．how B．what C．when D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果你花同样的时间学习每门科目，你可能会在考试中不及格。are是系动词，“you may fail in the exam”是表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导，故选D。 2．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛雅文明的复杂结构最不同寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造的。设空处接在be动词后，连接表语从句，句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故选B。 3．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：看来吉姆已经成为了他父母希望他成为的人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，应用what引导。故选C。 考点精讲04名词性从句中只用whether不用if的情况 条件 例句 引导表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句时 Whether they can take our advice is a question. = The question is whether they can take our advice. 问题是他们能否接受我们的建议。 I don't care whether/if he will come or not. =I don’t care whether or not he will come. 我不在乎他是否会来。 引导主语从句，且从句置于句首时 与or not直接连用时 1．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）What concerns the whole nation most is________ the trapped miners under the coal mine have been rescued. A．why B．that C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：全国人民最关心的是被困在煤矿下面的矿工是否已经获救。A. why为什么；B. that（无意义，只起连接作用）；C. whether是否；D. what什么，……的东西。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，排除D项，根据句意，表达“是否”之意，用whether引导。故选C项。 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）What the doctors really doubt is ________ the patient will recover from the serious disease soon. A．whenever B．if C．whether D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：医生真正怀疑的是病人是否将很快从这个严重的疾病中恢复。A. whenever无论什么时候；B. if如果，是否；C. whether是否；D. that引导名词性从句时无实意。分析句子成分可知，be动词“is”后面接了表语从句，根据句意“the doctors really doubt”，说明医生不确定是否病人会恢复，if可以表示是否，但不能引导表语从句，只能用whether。故选C项。 考点精讲05名词性从句中的“-ever”结构 条件 例句 “-ever” 译为“无论……”或“任何……” He wouldn't believe whatever I said. 他不肯相信我说的任何话。 名词性从句中的-ever结构可转换为定语从句 He wouldn't believe whatever I said. =He wouldn’t believe anything that I said. 他不肯相信我说的任何话。 无限定范围时用 whatever，有限定范围时用whichever。 I'll do whatever I can to help you. 我会做任何我能做的事来帮助你。 We have many books, and you can take whichever you like. 我们有很多书,你可以拿走你喜欢的。 whomever只作宾语 Give the book to whoever likes it. 把这本书给任何喜欢它的人。 Give the book to whomever/whoever you like. 你愿意把这本书给谁就给谁。 1．（2023·天津·二模）The employers often give the job to ________they believe has work experience with strong sense of duty. A．whoever B．who C．those who D．whomever 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：雇主通常把这份工作给那些他们认为有工作经验和强烈责任感的人。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导从句，在从句中作主语，根据从句谓语动词has可知，主语应为单数形式，those who引导从句时，从句谓语形式与先行词those保持一致，为复数形式，故排除；whomever引导从句时，在从句中作宾语或表语，故排除；结合句意可知，此处应表示“无论谁”，没有范围，whoever更合适。故选A项。 2．（2023·天津和平·二模）At the school charity party, each student donated ________ amount he or she could afford. A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever 【答案】D 【详解】考查连接代词/副词。句意：在学校的慈善晚会上，每个学生都捐出了他或她所能负担得起的任何金额。A. whichever无论哪个；B. however无论如何；C. wherever无论哪里；D. whatever无论什么。根据句意“所能负担得起的任何金额”可知空处用whatever表示“所……的任何事物”，故选D项。 3．（2022·天津南开·三模）________ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Whoever C．All D．Who 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论谁违法都应该受到惩罚。A. No matter who无论谁；B. Whoever无论谁，任何人；C. All所有人；D. Who谁，某人（特指）。分析可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，此处是泛指，表示“任何人”应用whoever引导。故选B。 4．（2022·天津和平·三模）I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service. A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我将向任何对质量和服务感兴趣的人推荐这家连锁店。A. what什么，……的东西；B. which哪一个；C. whatever无论什么；D. whoever无论谁，任何人。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语；结合句意，此处是指任何人，为泛指，应用whoever。故选D。 5．（2022·天津·模拟预测）--- I’m afraid I have to give it up. --- Remember ______ sticks to his work will succeed one day. A．no matter who B．whoever C．who D．anyone 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：——恐怕我不得不放弃了。——记住，谁坚持工作，谁就有一天会成功。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，remember是一个祈使句，设空后含有谓语动词sticks，可推断设空处引导的是一个宾语从句，充当remember的宾语；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句缺少主语；根据句意可知，设空处意为“无论谁”，所以要填whoever。故选B项。 （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：游览紫禁城时，我对中国古代建筑师如何完成如此令人印象深刻的设计和建造感到惊讶。分析句子可知，介词by后接一个宾语从句，空白处在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，故应用how引导该宾语从句。故选D项。 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。 3．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词。句意：既然我已经决定要创办自己的公司，他是否支持我的计划并不重要。分析句子结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的名词性从句，空格处应该用连词引导主语从句，表示“是否”的意思，故选C。 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）We didn’t notice _____ we had got away off the path until we were deep in the forest. A．how far B．so far C．how long D．so long 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：直到进入森林深处，我们才注意到我们已经离开小路有多远了。A. how far有多远；B. so far到目前为止；C. how long多长时间；D. so long再见。此处为宾语从句，根据后文we had got away off the path可知，此处指注意到我们已经离开小路有多远了。故选A。 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“最有效的事情”。故选A项。 6．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你难道没有想到这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里it是形式主语，空格处引导的从句是真正的主语成分，从句缺少介词about的宾语，上下文需要“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。 7．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这位科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系。A. that(无意义)；B. what什么，……的事；C. how如何，怎样；D. whether是否。根据后文there is a relationship between sleep and memory可知，此处表示“有关睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系的研究”，用whether引导。故选D。 8．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他被邀请参加在成都举行的2023年世界智能制造大会。分析句子结构可知，“______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu”是同位语从句，解释说明message的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，只起引导作用，且不可省略。故选A项。 9．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：中国电动汽车制造商正在投资开发新功能，将他们的电动汽车与手机和家用电器连接起来，形成所谓的“人x车x家”生态系统。分析句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，可使用连接词what在从句中作主语。故选D。 10．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam. A．how B．what C．when D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果你花同样的时间学习每门科目，你可能会在考试中不及格。are是系动词，“you may fail in the exam”是表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导，故选D。 11．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛雅文明的复杂结构最不同寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造的。设空处接在be动词后，连接表语从句，句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故选B。 12．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end? A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when 【答案】C 【详解】考查插入语及固定句式的用法。句意：你认为俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的冲突要多久才能结束？do you think是插入语，它用疑问句的形式，后面应该用陈述语气，故排除BD；这里固定句式it will be +some time before +…表示“还要过多久才能……”。故选C。 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A．how B．what C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：音乐这一通用语言有助于实现国与国之间交流的目标。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what。故选B。 14．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：现在重要的不是责怪任何人，而是团结一致解决问题。分析句子结构可知，该空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代事物，用连接代词What。故选B项。 15．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：看来吉姆已经成为了他父母希望他成为的人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，应用what引导。故选C。 16．（2024·天津·一模）In Chinese culture white represents purity, which is ______ a bride wears a beautiful white gown on her wedding day. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在中国文化中，白色代表纯洁，这就是为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，用连接词副词引导，根据句意，表达“为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服”之意，用why引导。故选C项。 17．（2024·天津·一模）I have seen the film and I think ____ impresses me most is the plot about family and love. A．that B．where C．what D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我看过这部电影，我认为给我印象最深的是关于家庭和爱情的情节。在think后的宾语从句中，“impresses me most”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“我认为给我印象最深的是关于家庭和爱情的情节”，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，故选C。 18．（2024·天津河北·一模）Practising Tai Chi has taught me ________ it means to truly relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：练习太极教会了我什么是真正的放松，使我在紧张的情况下保持冷静。分析可知，设空处引导宾语从句，作means的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导，故选B。 19．（2024·天津河东·一模）With the high-quality development, Tianjin has taken a new look. It isn’t ______it used to be. A．what B．how C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：随着高质量的发展，天津面貌一新。它不是以前的样子了。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语成分，描述事物，用连接代词what引导从句。故选A项。 20．（2024·天津河东·一模）They always give the available seats to ______comes first. After all, the early bird catches the worm. A．whoever B．whom C．that D．one 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：他们总是把现有的座位让给先来的人。毕竟，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句。从句缺少主语，指人，且表示“无论谁”，所以用whoever引导。故选A。 21．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened? A．in on what B．in that C．with which D．on what 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能告诉我发生了什么吗？fill sb. in on sth.为固定短语，表示“告诉某人某事件的细节”，设空处应用连接代词what (什么)引导的宾语从句，在从句中作主语，故选A项。 22．（2023·天津·二模）The truth is ________ we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. A．what B．why C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：事实是，我们很幸运，随时都能喝到干净的水，但对世界上许多人来说，情况并非如此。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，所以应用连接词that。故选C项。 23．（2023·天津北辰·模拟预测）When I saw my cat waiting sadly for the dog to return at the gate, I suddenly realized ________ close the relationship between them was. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我看到我的猫在门口悲伤地等待狗回来时，我突然意识到它们之间的关系是多么亲密。realize后是宾语从句，从句表语close“亲密的”置于主语之前，因此用连接副词how引导从句，how close“多么亲密”。故选C。 24．（2023·天津·一模）Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen from ancient times can reveal they viewed the world and what went on in the workshops that produced them. A．what B．when C．why D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重建古代工匠的作品可以揭示他们是如何看待世界的，以及在生产他们的车间里发生了什么。A. what什么，……的东西；B. when何时；C. why为何；D. how如何。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句需要方式状语，用连接副词how“如何”引导，故选D。 25．（2023·天津河北·二模）One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was ________it was based on his own life. A．what B．how C．that D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用连接词that引导该从句。One reason is that…/one of the reason is that…/ The reason is that…为固定句型，意为“一个原因是……；原因之一是……；原因是……”。故选C项。 26．（2023·天津·二模）The employers often give the job to ________they believe has work experience with strong sense of duty. A．whoever B．who C．those who D．whomever 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：雇主通常把这份工作给那些他们认为有工作经验和强烈责任感的人。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导从句，在从句中作主语，根据从句谓语动词has可知，主语应为单数形式，those who引导从句时，从句谓语形式与先行词those保持一致，为复数形式，故排除；whomever引导从句时，在从句中作宾语或表语，故排除；结合句意可知，此处应表示“无论谁”，没有范围，whoever更合适。故选A项。 27．（2023·天津和平·二模）At the school charity party, each student donated ____ amount he or she could afford. A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever 【答案】D 【详解】考查连接代词/副词。句意：在学校的慈善晚会上，每个学生都捐出了他或她所能负担得起的任何金额。A. whichever无论哪个；B. however无论如何；C. wherever无论哪里；D. whatever无论什么。根据句意“所能负担得起的任何金额”可知空处用whatever表示“所……的任何事物”，故选D项。 28．（2023·天津·二模）In my opinion, ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A．whether B．that C．which D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在我看来，让这本书出色的地方是作者富有创造力的想象。is之前为主语从句，主语从句中缺主语，指的是事物，用what，故选D。 29．（2023·天津南开·一模）Although the theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows ________ powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people. A．that B．how C．what D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个理论已经被学者们否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么地有影响力。A. that引导宾语从句时无意义，起连接作用；B. how多么，如何；C. what什么；D. whether是否。分析句子可知，空后“powerful”是形容词，此处应用how引导宾语从句，表示“多么地有影响力”。故选B。 30．（2023·天津·一模）When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ______ I looked forward to most. A．that B．what C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事，所以使用连接代词what。故选B项。 31．（2023·天津·模拟预测）All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is _________we’re able to carry them out. A．which B．as C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：所有人都有不可思议的想法可以分享，但重要的是我们是否能够把它们付诸实践。A. which哪一个； B. as正如……那样； C. whether是否； D. what什么。结合句中“All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is”及“we’re able to carry them out”可知，此处指人们的不可思议的想法是否能够付诸实践，选项C符合题意，故选C。 32．（2023·天津河东·一模）Professor Smith doesn’t have time to explain________ the university library works, so we have to find it out by ourselves. A．that B．what C．how D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：史密斯教授没有时间解释大学图书馆是如何运作的，所以我们必须自己去了解一下。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的宾语从句作动词explain的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“图书馆如何运转”符合句意，所以应使用how。故选C项。 33．（2023·天津和平·一模）________ all this put under debate is whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purpose. A．How B．Why C．What D．That 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：所有这一切引发的争论是，他们是否需要将牛转移到另一块田地以获得营养。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is，故空处至谓语动词前为主语从句，从句中缺少put的宾语，故需要填连接代词。故选C项。 34．（2022·天津南开·一模）I had dreamed of this moment many times in my childhood. But when you finally make it it’s totally different from ________ you had imagined A．when B．what C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这一刻我在童年时梦想过很多次。但当你最终做到的时候，它和你想象的完全不同。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作动词imagined的宾语成分，意为“一些事情”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 35．（2021·天津宁河·一模）________inspires the whole nation is that China has scored a complete victory in its fight against poverty. A．Who B．Which C．That D．What 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：中国脱贫攻坚战取得了圆满胜利，这让全国上下为之振奋。分析句子结构，“________inspires the whole nation”是一个主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用what。故选D。 36．（2022·天津南开·一模）We’ve done a solid preparation so this is ________ our team is supposed to shine. A．what B．whether C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：我们已经做了充分的准备，所以这是我们的团队应该发光的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，shine为不及物动词，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应该用连接副词where引导。故选D项。 37．（2022·天津南开·三模）________ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Whoever C．All D．Who 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论谁违法都应该受到惩罚。A. No matter who无论谁；B. Whoever无论谁，任何人；C. All所有人；D. Who谁，某人（特指）。分析可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，此处是泛指，表示“任何人”应用whoever引导。故选B。 38．（2022·天津南开·二模）________ he will come to our school tomorrow surprises us all. A．Why B．That C．What D．When 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：他明天要来我们学校，这使我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知，句中有两个主谓结构，he will come to our school tomorrow充当主句的主语，所以是主语从句。从句句子结构完整，设空出不表达任何含义，应用连接词that。故选B。 39．（2022·天津·一模）Happiness isn’t about what happens to us; it’s about ________ we see the things that happen to us. A．what B．how C．that D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：幸福不在于在我们身上发生了什么；它是关于我们如何看待发生在我们身上的事情。此处about为介词，后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how“如何”引导。故选B。 40．（2022·天津和平·三模）I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service. A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我将向任何对质量和服务感兴趣的人推荐这家连锁店。A. what什么，……的东西；B. which哪一个；C. whatever无论什么；D. whoever无论谁，任何人。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语；结合句意，此处是指任何人，为泛指，应用whoever。故选D。 41．（2022·天津和平·三模）Whether big or small, ________ all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences. A．how B．what C．that D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会导致特定的后果。引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情，应用what引导。故选B。 42．（2022·天津河东·二模）______ is a good meal and a good rest. A．That you really need B．That you really need C．What you really need D．What are you really needed 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你真正需要的是好好吃一顿，好好休息。分析句子可知，空格处是主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，故排除A、B。主语从句中的主语you 和谓语动词need是主动关系，故不用被动语态。故选C。 43．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Graduates today get more creative in their career pursuits, and can quickly respond to and change with _____ the market demands. A．when B．which C．what D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：今天的毕业生在他们的职业追求中更有创造性，可以根据市场的需求快速响应和改变。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词性从句的引导词，在句中作demands的宾语，应用连接代词what。故选C项。 44．（2022·天津·二模）______ we’ll do is to leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late. A．That B．Which C．What D．How 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们要做的是给妈妈留张便条，告诉她我们要很晚才能回来。根据句型分析可知，此句考查主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，根据句意和选项可知，应用连接代词what。故选C项。 45．（2022·天津河北·二模）—Have you finished reading the book? —No. I’ve read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave. A．which B．what C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——你读完这本书了吗？——没有。我已经读到孩子们发现这个秘密洞穴。A. which哪一个；B. what什么，……的东西；C. that（没有意义）；D. where……的地方。空处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，但需要“……的地方”作状语，故用where引导。故选D。 46．（2022·天津·一模）You should follow the doctor's instruction to give up smoking or ________ he suggested will have little effect on your health. A．when B．how C．why. D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你应该按照医生的建议戒烟，否则他建议的对你的健康几乎没有影响。分析句子可知，or为并列连词，其前后为并列句；________ he suggested 为第二个并列句的主语部分，空白处同时做动词suggest的宾语，表示“建议的内容”，所以此处要用连接代词what来引导。故选D。 47．（2022·天津宁河·二模）They studied these issues in detail and reached ________ I thought was appropriate conclusions. A．which B．where C．what D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们详细研究了这些问题，得出了我认为合适的结论。A. which哪一个；B. where哪里；C. what什么，所……的；D. that引导宾语从句无意义，只起连接作用。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，应用连接代词what引导。故选C项。 48．（2022·天津河北·一模）— Have you heard that Space X sent a Tesla car into space? — Yes. __________ they have achieved is amazing. A．Where B．What C．That D．How 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：——你听说Space X公司把一辆特斯拉汽车送上太空了吗？——是的。他们所取得的成就是惊人的。此处引导主语从句，且在句中作宾语，应用what，指代“他们所取得的成就”。故选B。 49．（2022·天津津南·模拟预测）The researchers who study jokes want to know ________ people from different nations and cultures find very funny. A．why B．that C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：研究笑话的研究人员想知道来自不同国家和文化的人觉得什么很好笑。分析句子可知，know后面的宾语从句中，find后面缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句，表示“什么”。故选C项。 50．（2022·天津·一模）I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood ______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt. A．which; what B．why; that C．which; where D．that; how 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题，我对此很困惑；这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物，因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据语境可知，句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”，因此空格处是“......的地方”，因此第二空用where引导表语从句，故选C。 翻译句子 1．我意识到我应该花时间学习且充分利用新的机会。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I realized that I should spend time learning and taking full advantage of new opportunities. 【详解】考查宾语从句和短语。主语为I；表示“意识到”应用动词realize，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时；后跟that引导的宾语从句；从句主语为I；表示“花费时间做某事”短语为spend time doing sth.，should后跟动词原形；表示“学习”用动名词learning；表示“充分利用新的机会”为动名词短语taking full advantage of new opportunities。故翻译为I realized that I should spend time learning and taking full advantage of new opportunities. 2．年轻人希望新年会带来好运，更多的机会和新的挑战。(hope)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Young people hope that new year will bring them good luck, more opportunities and new challenges. 【详解】考查动词、时态、宾语从句。“希望”用hope，此处表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；其后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，用that引导；“带来”用bring，因从句表示的是一个将要发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时；“好运”是good luck；“更多的机会”是more opportunities；“新的挑战”是new challenges。故翻译为Young people hope that new year will bring them good luck, more opportunities and new challenges. 3．说到是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者，她热衷于教育，相信教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子。（appeal v.）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When it comes to what appeals to her to volunteer in the country school, she is enthusiastic about education/ she is keen on education, believing/convinced that education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life. 【详解】考查固定句型、宾语从句和非谓语动词。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“说到”使用固定句型when it comes to，“是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者”译为一个宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，“吸引某人做某事”使用动词短语appeal to sb to do sth，“来这所乡村学校做志愿者”译为volunteer in the country school，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”使用连接代词what引导，谓语使用单数；“热衷于”使用固定短语be enthusiastic about/be keen on，“相信”使用动词believe/convince，believe和逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，convince和逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作状语，“教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子”译为一个宾语从句，“能”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“确保某人得到某物”使用动词短语ensure sb sth，“安全健康的日子”译为a safe and sound life，故从句译为education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life，结构、意义完整，使用连接词that引导。综上，故翻译为：When it comes to what appeals to her to volunteer in the country school, she is enthusiastic about education/she is keen on education, believing/convinced that education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life. 4．我很高兴地告诉你，我们学校将成立一个体育俱乐部。(that引导的宾语从句)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m very glad to tell you that a sports club will be set up in our school. 【详解】考查宾语从句。表示“我”应用I；表示“很高兴做某事”应用be glad to do sth.，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am；表示“告诉某人某事”应用tell sb sth，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“一个体育俱乐部”应用a sports club；表示“成立”应用set up，sports club和set up为被动关系，需用被动语态，此处使用一般将来时；表示“在我们学校”应用in our school；“我们学校将成立一个体育俱乐部”为宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故翻译成：I’m very glad to tell you that a sorts club will be set up in our school.。 5．如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。（keep one’s eyes open）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语、并列连词和宾语从句。根据句意可知，该句的前半部分为if引导的条件状语从句，主句表示将来要发生的事，应使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时表示将来的动作，表示“你留心观察”应为keep your eyes open，主语为you，所以从句译为if you keep your eyes open，位于句首，if的首字母需大写；表示“你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”应为主句，使用一般将来时，表示“惊讶地发现”应为be surprised to find，主语是you，所以be动词为are，所以“你会惊讶地发现”应译为you will be surprised to find；表示“你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”为宾语从句作find的宾语，表示“你可以看到”应为you can see，表示“既……也……”应为both…and…连接并列结构，表示“他的过去”应为its past，表示“他的现在”应为its present，使用both…and…将其连接，共同作see的宾语，即both its past and its present，所以宾语从句译为you can see both its past and its present，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引导宾语从句，所以“你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”译为you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present。故翻译为If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 6．在线交流时，你永远无法百分百确定跟你聊天的人是否坦诚地表明了身份。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people (that/who) you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. 【详解】考查情态动词、宾语从句、时态、形容词和名词。表示“用”用介词with。表示“在线”用形容词online，作前置定语，修饰名词“交流”。表示“交流”用名词communication，作with的宾语。表示“你”用you，作主语。表示“能够”用情态动词can 。表示“确定做某事”用be sure that...，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形。表示“从不”用副词never，作状语，修饰be sure。表示“百分百”用100 percent。从句中：表示“人们”用介词people，此处为特指，people前加the，the people作从句主语；表示“坦诚的”用形容词honest，从句表正在发生的动作，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为the people，故be动词用are；故用are being honest，形容词honest作表语；表示“关于”用介词about；about后为宾语从句；宾语从句中：表示“谁”用who，作从句主语，且引导从句；表示“他们”用代词they；表示“是”用be动词are。表示“跟你聊天的”用定语从句，定语从句中：表示“你”用有，作从句主语；表示“与某人聊天”用动词chat to sb.，表示“正在聊天”用现在进行时，主语是you，be动词用are，谓语用are chatting；先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作are chatting的宾语，应用关系代词who或that引导，也可以省略引导词。故翻译为With online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people (that/who) you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. 7．他又害怕又担心，双手交叉在胸前，深深地祈祷着一切都会好起来（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scared and worried, he crossed his hands over his chest, praying in depth of his heart that everything might be all right. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时，表示过去情况。表示“又害怕又担心”应用scared and worried，为形容词短语，在本句中作状语；表示“他双手交叉在胸前”应用he crossed his hands over his chest，为主谓宾结构；表示“深深地祈祷着一切都会好起来”应用praying in depth of his heart that everything might be all right，其中 praying是现在分词作伴随状语，that everything might be all right为宾语从句。故翻译为Scared and worried, he crossed his hands over his chest, praying in depth of his heart that everything might be all right. 8．在我们的共同努力下，我们周围的环境将焕然一新。欢迎任何人加入我们！(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With our joint efforts, our surroundings will take on a new look. Whoever wants to join us is warmly welcome! 【详解】考查时态，固定短语，主语从句，时态和主谓一致。“在我们的共同努力下”是with our joint efforts，“我们周围的环境”是our surroundings，“将焕然一新”用一般将来时，“焕然一新”是take on a new look，“欢迎任何人加入我们”可理解为“任何想要加入我们的人都是受欢迎的”，“任何人”是whoever，引导主语从句，“想要做某事”是want to do sth.，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语whoever是单数，因此want用第三人称单数，“加入我们”是join us，“是受欢迎的”是be warmly welcome，句子时态用一般现在时，主语whoever是单数，因此be动词用is，因此整句话翻译为“With our joint efforts, our surroundings will take on a new look. Whoever wants to join us is warmly welcome”。故答案为With our joint efforts, our surroundings will take on a new look. Whoever wants to join us is warmly welcome! 9．听说英语口语课上我们将要被随机组合，我特写信表达我的意见。(hearing) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Hearing that we will be paired at random in our oral English class, I’m writing to voice my opinion about it. 【详解】考查动词、名词、介词短语、非谓语动词、宾语从句以及时态。 “听说……”使用动词hear，用作句子的原因状语，和主句主语“我”I是逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；“英语口语课上我们将要被随机组合”是“听说”的宾语，使用宾语从句来表达，“组合”是动词pair，“将要被随机组合”是动词短语，用作从句谓语部分，应使用一般将来时的被动语态形式will be paired，“随机”的英语是介词短语at random，用作状语修饰动词pair，“英语口语课”是oral English class，因此，句子前半部分可以写成Hearing that we will be paired at random in our oral English class；主句中“写信来……”使用动词write，根据句意，主句时态使用现在进行时I’m writing。“表达我的意见”是动词短语voice my opinion，是句子的目的状语，应使用不定式，可以把主句写成I’m writing to voice my opinion about it。故翻译为Hearing that we will be paired at random in our oral English class, I’m writing to voice my opinion about it. 10．她兴奋地了解到，只要有一点创造力和观察力，任何挑战都可以克服。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She learned excitedly that with a little creativity and observation, any challenge could be overcome. 【详解】考查时态、宾语从句、名词、动词和副词。描述过去情况，用一般过去时；表示“她兴奋地了解到”应用She learned excitedly，其中副词excitedly“兴奋地”作状语修饰动词learned，动词learned后跟that引导的宾语从句；表示“有一点创造力和观察力”用介宾短语with a little creativity and observation，在从句中作状语；表示“任何挑战”为名词短语any challenge，“克服”为动词overcome，“任何挑战都可以克服”应用被动语态，表达为any challenge could be overcome。故翻译为：She learned excitedly that with a little creativity and observation, any challenge could be overcome. 11．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.(英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】确保你已经和你的朋友沟通了你们每个人希望被联系的频率，以及什么方法最适合你们双方。 【详解】考查祈使句和宾语从句。make sure为固定搭配，意为“确保”，此处为祈使句；you意为“你”；have communicated with为固定搭配，意为“已经和……沟通”；your friend意为“你的朋友”；about意为“关于”；how frequently each of you wants to be contacted为how引导的宾语从句，how在从句中作方式状语，意为“你们每个人希望被联系的频”；and意为“以及”； what method works best for you both为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作定语，意为“什么方法最适合你们双方”；you have communicate with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.为省略了that的宾语从句，意为“你已经和你的朋友沟通了你们每个人希望被联系的频率，以及什么方法最适合你们双方” 。主句为祈使句，how引导宾语从句充当介词about的介词宾语，what和how为连词引导并列的宾语从句。故翻译成：确保你已经和你的朋友沟通了你们每个人希望被联系的频率，以及什么方法最适合你们双方。 12．It’s highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网，是非常重要的。 【详解】考查固定句型和宾语从句。It’s highly important to do...为固定句型，意为“……是非常重要的”，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语；bridge the digital divide意为“消除数字鸿沟”；make sure为固定搭配，意为“确保”； that everyone has access to the Internet意为“每人都能使用互联网”，that引导宾语从句，have access to为固定搭配，意为“使用”。故翻译成：消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网，是非常重要的。 13．It is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。 【详解】考查固定句型、宾语从句、动词（短语）和名词短语。固定句型It is highly important to do sth.可译为“做某事是非常重要的”，It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；第一个动词短语bridge the digital divide可译为“消除数字鸿沟”，第二个动词短语make sure可译为“确保”；that引导的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语，从句主语everyone可译为“每个人”，第一个动词短语has access to表示“能够进入，能够接近”，可译为“能使用”，其宾语the Internet应译为“互联网”，第二个动词knows可译为“知晓”，其宾语how to use new technology为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，可译为“如何运用新技术”。故翻译为：消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。 14．What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “what is art?” (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？” 【详解】考查主语从句和非谓语动词。What they attempted to do意思为：他们试图做的，为what引导的主语从句；was no longer意思为：不再是；show reality意思为：展示现实；but instead意思为：而是相反；to ask the question意思为：提出一个问题；what is art?为特殊疑问句，意思为：什么是艺术？故翻译为：他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？” 15．He says his customers come because they want comfortable shoes which are exactly the right size.（英译汉） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】他说他的客户来是因为他们想要舒适且合适尺码的鞋子。 【详解】考查宾语从句、原因状语从句、定语从句。He says后面的句子为省略that的宾语从句，He says...表示为“他说……”；his customers可表示为“他的客户”；come可表示为“来”；because...引导原因状语从句，want可表示为“想要”，comfortable可表示为“舒适的”，作定语修饰shoes(鞋子)，which are exactly the right size(合适尺码)定语从句同样作定语修饰shoes，所以这里表示为“他们想要舒适且合适尺码的鞋子”。故本句可翻译为：他说他的客户来是因为他们想要舒适且合适尺码的鞋子。 16．He firmly believes that the brain-computer interface is not a tool to control him but a partner to help him rediscover himself. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】他坚信脑机接口不是控制他的工具，而是帮助他重新发现自己的伙伴。 【详解】考查句子结构、宾语从句、时态、非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句是主谓宾结构，从句是主系表结构。主句中：主语是He“他”；状语是副词firmly“坚定地”；谓语是believes，为believe“相信”的第三人称单数形式；宾语是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句中：主语是the brain-computer interface“脑机接口”；系动词是is not；表语是a tool“一个工具”和连词but“但是”后的a partner；定语是不定式短语to control him“控制他”，修饰a tool；不定式短语to help him rediscover himself“帮助他重新发现自己”也是定语，修饰 a partner。故本句可译为：他坚信脑机接口不是控制他的工具，而是帮助他重新发现自己的伙伴。 17．Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us, something worth remembering is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做得好时，它不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助自己和他人创造生活。 【详解】考查状语从句、表语从句和连词。分析句子可知，“Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us”是两个并列的让步状语从句，由连词wherever和whatever引导，分别译为“无论哪里”和“无论什么”，主语life“生活”，谓语takes“带”，主语choices“选择”，谓语are laid out“摆在”，地点状语before us“在我们面前”，状语从句译为“无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么”；something worth remembering是主句主语，译为“值得记住的（事）”， 系动词is“是”，其后为连词that引导的表语从句；“that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others.”是表语从句，从句主语our work“我们的工作”，when done well是省略后的时间状语从句，译为“做得好时”，help us make a living和help make a life for ourselves and for others是并列谓语部分，用连词not only...but also...连接，译为“不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助自己和他人创造生活”。综上，全句译为：无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做得好时，它不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助自己和他人创造生活。 18．You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】你可能不赞成他们的想法,但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来,这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 【详解】考查动词，宾语从句和定语从句。approve of意为“不赞同”；but为连词，意为“但是”，此处表示转折关系；at least意为“至少”；you will see意为“你将会看到”，此处表示动作发生在将来，故使用一般将来时；同时where they are coming from为宾语从句，引导词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“这些想法从何而来”；同时which means意为“这意味着”，此处which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文的事实，为物，故引导词使用which，在从句中作主语；同时you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly意为“你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞”，此处省略了that引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中起到连接作用，无意义，make adjustments to为固定短语，意为“调整……”；your own tone and choice of words意为“自己的语气和措辞”；accordingly为副词，意为“相应地”，作状语。故翻译为：你可能不赞成他们的想法,但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来,这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 19．Studies have shown that human activities pose a significant threat to marine environments, emphasizing the need for improved environmental governance and measures to address environmental risks. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】研究表明，人类活动对海洋环境构成重大威胁，突出了加强环境治理和采取措施解决环境风险的必要性。 【详解】考查宾语从句、非谓语动词、名词（短语）和动词（短语）。句子为主从复合句，that引导名词性从句作have shown的宾语，现在分词短语emphasizing…为结果状语；主句中，作主语的名词Studies可译为“研究”，作谓语的动词have shown可译为“表明”；宾语从句中，作主语的名词短语human activities可译为“人类活动”，动词短语pose a significant threat to可译为“对……构成重大威胁”，作介词to宾语的名词短语marine environments可译为“海洋环境”；结果状语中，现在分词emphasizing可译为“突出了”，作其宾语的名词短语the need for可译为“……的必要性”，作介词for宾语的名词短语improved environmental governance可译为“加强环境治理”，并列的名词短语measures to address environmental risks可译为“采取措施解决环境风险”，并列连词and应译为“和”。故可译为：研究表明，人类活动对海洋环境构成重大威胁，突出了加强环境治理和采取措施解决环境风险的必要性。 20．Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (英译汉) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。 【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词、宾语从句和状语从句。Geneticists为名词作主语，译为“遗传学家”，have been trying为现在完成进行时，译为“一直试图”，to identify为不定式作trying的宾语，译为“找出”，which genes relate to which diseases为宾语从句作identify的宾语，译为“哪些基因与哪些疾病有关”，所以主句译为“”遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关；“as they believe genome editing is an effective means of discase treatment and prevention”为as引导的原因状语从句作状语，译为“因为”，“genome editing is an effective means of discase treatment and prevention”为省略了that的宾语从句作believe的宾语，genome editing译为“基因组编辑”作宾语从句的主语，an effective means of disease treatment and prevention为宾语从句的表语，effective意为“有效的”修饰名词means，means作表语，意为“方式”，“of discase treatment and prevention”为介词短语作定语修饰名词means，应译为“治疗和预防疾病的”，所以原因状语从句译为“因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段” 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】 考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever    无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）The opinion __________ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A．which B．that C．what D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子成分可知，此处为opinion的同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全、句意完整，应使用that，无词意、不做成分、仅起连接作用。故B选项正确。 9．（2018·天津·高考真题）He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected. A．why B．how C．that D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他努力学习，后来成为一个著名的作家，这是他父亲所期望的。分析句子可知，was后接表语从句，从句中缺少宾语吗，所以由what来充当宾语。故选D项。 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. A．whomever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。 点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever。 11．（2017·天津·高考真题）She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. A．when B．where C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A. when什么时候；B. where在哪里；C. whether是否；D. what什么。根据句意，故选C。 【点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定，首先确定连词的 词义，然后根据句意判断出正确的连词，本句的句意很明显，确定为“是否”。 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A．whether B．that C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查同位语从句：句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着引导的作用。故选B。 13．（2014·天津·高考真题）I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A．what B．that C．which D．who 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语，指代物；that 只起连接作用，不做句子成分；which哪一个；who做主语，指代人；分析句子可知，“_____ impresses me about his painting”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语， 根据语境可知，表示“……的东西”，故用what指物做主语。所以选A。 14．（2013·天津·高考真题）__________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。我们还要关注whatever与what的区别，前者有两个意思——无论什么或anything that…（任何东西），而后者只表示“……的事或东西”；whatever与no matter what的区别在于前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句，而后者只能引导状语从句。其他配对词的用法也是类似的。故选D。 15．（2012·天津·高考真题）It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. A．whether B．how C．if D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。 句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，it做形式主语，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，并且后面由or，一般和whether连用，故选A。 16．（2011·天津·高考真题）Modern science has given evidence _________ smoking can lead to many diseases. A．what B．which C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：现代科学证明吸烟可以导致许多疾病。evidence后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，用连接词that。选C 17．（2010·天津·高考真题）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ______ it takes to start a business here. A．how B．what C．when D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一个刚毕业的大学生，他不知道在这里创业需要什么。此处是know的宾语从句，从句中缺少take的宾语，应使用what引导，指代“创业需要的东西”。故选B。 18．（2009·天津·高考真题）It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A．as B．which C．whether D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：对学生们来说很明显，他们应该为将来做好充分的准备。本题中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的they should get well prepared for their future句子成分齐全，所以使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故D正确。 19．（2008·天津·高考真题）The last time we had great fun was __________ we were visiting the Water Park. A．where B．how C．when D．why 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们最后一次玩得很开心是在参观水上公园的时候。由the last time可知是表示时间, 故用when引导表语从句。故选C项。 20．（2007·天津·高考真题）The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is. A．what B．which C．how D．where 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这片海滩每年夏天吸引许多游客，温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩使它成为目前这个样子。根据题干“温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩使它成为目前这个样子。”what代替前面整个句子，即“吸引大量游客”。如果用which，必须有先行词。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$