Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage课件-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

( ) b d Applying the rules Write your goals on paper. It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them. (4) You can place the list on your bedside table. ( ) Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. g Applying the rules After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (5) You may find achieving goals difficult. ( ) But (6) you should not give up. ( ) Instead, stay positive and confident. (7) You will succeed in the end. ( ) e a f Applying the rules What is your goal for the new term? How are you going to achieve your goal? Write about it using different sentence structures. I will try to improve my English in the new term. There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this goal. I will read two English novels this term. I will also try to find a language partner. Joining the English club will be helpful to me too. All my efforts will pay off! Example Applying the rules Speaking in public confidently remains a challenge to me. I find it difficult to speak in public confidently. My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills. To achieve this goal, I will encourage myself to ask and answer more questions. Joining a club also seems a great idea. I think it can offer me a good opportunity to make new friends and acquire new skills. Besides, I will read a book on how to improve communication skills. Always try hard and I will succeed! Sample Grammar 1. 主语+谓语(S+V) 句中谓语为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有:rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, appear, work, take place等。 二、句子结构 Grammar I agree. Class begins. They laughed. The car stopped. The door opened. The car won't start. The red sun is rising. Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed. Grammar 2. 主语+系动词+表语(S+P) 句中动词单独作谓语时不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫作系动词。 Grammar 常见的系动词有:be, keep, remain, stay, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, become, go, come, turn, fall, seem, appear, hold, stand, prove, turn out等。 Grammar Tom looks thin. He became a singer. Mary seems pleased. The flowers smell sweet. The baby fell asleep soon. Some girls are very excited. My father's hope is that I can go home frequently. Grammar 3. 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 句中谓语为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,都有实际意义,都是由主语产生的动作,但后面必须加一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能表达一个完整的意思。 Grammar I like taking risks. He lives a happy life. My sister likes English. My father teaches English. They ate what was left over. He admitted that he made a mistake. The museum has an excellent restaurant. We all know that the earth runs around the sun. Grammar 4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) 句中谓语可以跟两个宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词 for或to,构成“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”结构。 Grammar 间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有:give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, order等。 间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有:buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。 Grammar He gave me an apple. =He gave an apple to me. Give me the book, please. =Give the book to me, please. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. =Setting goals gives a focus to you in life. Grammar Mr Smith lent me his car. =Mr Smith lent his car to me. He offered me his seat. =He offered his seat to me. Father bought me a book. =Father bought a book for me. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. =She cooked a delicious meal for her husband. Grammar 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) 句中谓语为及物动词,有时只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,需要用宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。 Grammar 常见的能跟复合宾语的动词有:keep, make, let, have, leave, get, see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade, elect, imagine, start, appoint, call, believe, allow, cause, consider, expect, know, think, want, wish等。 Grammar 如何判断一个及物动词所跟的是双宾语还是复合宾语? 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。 Grammar They made her happy. They called him James. Mom asked Tom to leave. We will keep the table clean. We consider the work challenging. Setting goals makes you more confident. She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week. Grammar 6. 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 句中谓语为不及物动词,后面需要跟状语对谓语动词进行补充说明或限定。 Grammar They work hard. Jim runs in the park. John has gone to buy books. The children stayed in room. All the students are listening carefully. When her mother came in, she was sleeping. Robot cooks will appear in our families in the future. Grammar 7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) 句中谓语为及物动词,只跟宾语时,句意不完整,需要跟状语进行补充说明或限定。 Grammar They put the dish here. They want to go at once. They know us very well. We like the film very much. They are reading books in the library. The man raised his arms above his head. We looked at the group of people in panic. Jane was doing her homework at 8:00 last night. Grammar 8. There be句型 “There be句型”表示“某处存在某物/某人”,因此被称为存现句。其基本句型是“there+be+主语+其他(状语、定语等)”。 there be的主语是动词后的名词或名词性短语,属倒装结构,be 动词前有时可加上 seem to、appear to等。 Grammar there在该结构中是个引导词,本身无词义,不可与副词 there“那里”混淆。be动词是谓语动词,有时态变化,也可与情态动词连用。be动词在人称和数上要和就近的主语保持一致,即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用单数,主语为复数可数名词时用复数。若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词常与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 Grammar There is a book on the table. There are some apples in the bowl. There is a sports centre in our school. There is a pen and some books on the desk. There seems to be something wrong about it. There aren't some students in the dormitory now. There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk. Thank you