UNIT3 Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Other Parts（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Other Parts Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮 2．million num.一百万 3．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子 4．audience n．观众；听众 5．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食 6．rather adv.相当；有点儿 7．push­up n．(especially NAmE)俯卧撑 8．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑 9．error n．错误；差错 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者；对手 2．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→positively adv.积极地；乐观地；赞成地 3．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的→slimming n．减肥 adj.显瘦的 4．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的 形容词后缀­ive表示“有……倾向的；有……特征的；有……性质的”。 compete→competitive　act→active expense→expensive　impress→impressive, Ⅲ.短语互译 1．有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚make_sense 2．假装做某事pretend_to_do_sth. 3．即使；虽然even_if/though 4．有作用或影响make_a_difference 5．而不是rather_than 6．停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut_...out 7．有时；偶尔now_and_then 8．与……比较compare_...with/to_... 9．instead of 代替；而不是 10．look like 看起来像 11．worry about 担心；担忧 12．go bananas 发疯；发狂 13．add ...to ...把……添加到…… Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：even if/though引导让步状语从句 (1)教材原句：I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team. 翻译：我同意这个观点：即使假摔对己方球队有帮助，一个足球运动员也决不应该这么做。 (2)教材原句：I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 翻译：我过去总是想让自己看起来像电视上的女孩那样苗条，虽然我知道这是不可能的。 2．句型：once引导条件状语从句 教材原句：Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change. 翻译：一旦我开始考虑健康而不是担忧自己的体重，事情就开始发生变化。 3．句型：by doing ...作方式状语 教材原句：By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. 翻译：通过积极地看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康。 Ⅰ.文本理解 ►语篇特征 The text is a page in a wellness_book． ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．What is Kayla's trouble in the past？(　　) A．She tried no­fat，low­fat. B．She almost went bananas. C．She was trying to keep impossibly slim. D．She stopped comparing herself with others. 2．What does the sentence “I almost went bananas” mean？(　　) A．She went on eating bananas only. B．She liked to eat bananas very much. C．She didn't like to eat bananas at all. D．She went nearly mad because of every diet. 3．How does she become happier and healthier？(　　) A．Be positive about herself and her body. B．Add healthy foods to her meals. C．Read an article about healthy diet. D．Try every new diet she read about online. 4．What does a wellness book do？(　　) A．Going positive. B．Exchanging ideas. C．Asking questions. D．Looking for things. 答案：1～4 CDAB ►难句突破 1．Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed，I added healthy foods to my meals. 分析：此句中，Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed是介词短语，在句中作状语，cutting out the foods是动名词短语作介词宾语。I enjoyed是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词foods。 翻译：我往自己的三餐里加入健康的食物，而不是完全戒掉自己喜欢吃的食物。 2．Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 分析：此句中，第二个and连接两个动名词短语，“comparing ...”和“looking ...”都作stop的宾语。“looking ...”动名词短语中that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things，that在从句中作主语。 翻译：最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比，也不再对自己的脸或身材吹毛求疵。 ►课文语法填空 I always wanted 1.to_look(look) like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was 2.impossible(possible).I worried about my weight and 3.tried(try) every new diet.Then I read an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat？” I should be asking “Am I fit？” I had no idea a letter could make such a 4.difference(different)! 5.Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 6.push­ups(push­up)”．Rather than 7.cutting(cut) out the foods I enjoyed，I added healthy foods to my meals.Finally，I stopped comparing myself 8.with actresses and models and looking for things 9.that/which were wrong with my face or body.Instead，I made a list of the things I liked about myself.By being positive about myself and my body，I became both 10.happier(happy) and healthier. Ⅱ.原文释译 ◆精学表达 Ⅰ.文本特征 1．该文本是一篇描述主人公健身前后变化的文章(三个段落分别叙述作者过去的做法、做出的改变和现在的行动)，选自国外高中班级里的健康簿。 2．健康簿被用于发表对健康的看法、叙述健身的经历等，是学生们内部交流的读物，语言风格比较随意、轻松，符合中学生的口吻(如句❶)。 Ⅱ.语言特色 GOING POSITIVE I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online.❶I tried no­fat，low­fat，5∶2，only bananas，no bananas—I almost went bananas，too. Then I read an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat？” I should be asking “Am I fit？” I had no idea a letter could make such a difference！Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.❷Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push­ups”． ❸Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed，I added healthy foods to my meals.I could still have a burger now and then，but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.Instead，I made a list of the things I liked about myself.❹By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. 参考译文 积极向上 我过去总是想让自己看起来像电视上的女孩那样苗条，虽然我知道这是不可能的。我担心自己的体重，也尝试了在网上看到的每一种新的减肥食谱。我尝试了无脂肪、低脂肪、5∶2饮食法、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——(最后)我也几近疯狂。 后来，我看到一篇文章，上面说不要问“我胖吗？”而是应该问“我健康吗？”我完全没有想到一个字母之差，区别竟如此之大！一旦我开始考虑健康而不是担忧自己的体重，事情就开始发生变化。不去说“我想减重3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或者说“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。我往自己的三餐里加入健康的食物，而不是完全戒掉自己喜欢吃的食物。我仍然会偶尔吃一个汉堡，但同时也会加上一份沙拉或是一个苹果。 最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比，也不再对自己的脸或身材吹毛求疵。相反，我把对自己满意的地方罗列出来。通过积极地看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康。 1．心理描写 句❶运用了英语俚语go bananas，句❹使用了常见的系表结构became both happier and healthier，同时附加叙述了产生这种感受的原因，准确表达了作者的个人感受。 2．多变表达 第二段描述观念和饮食上的改变时，作者使用了短语instead of(句❷)、rather than(句❸)和转折连词but(句❸)等多种表达进行比较和对比，层次清晰，重点突出。 3．逻辑衔接 第一段第一句中副词always强调过去自己的习惯做法；第二段段首用副词Then引出“改变”；第三段叙述现在的做法和状态，段首用副词Finally。整篇文章结构清晰，衔接紧密，自然流畅。 ◆续写积累 1．动作描写——用状语从句建立动作链 Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change. [仿写]完成句子 我一上课就感受到它的好处了。 Once_I_started_the_class，I saw the benefits of it. 2．动作描写——用并列句建立动作链 I could still have a burger now and then，but I would add a salad or an apple. [仿写]完成句子 对孩子们来说，给妈妈煮粥可能很难，但他们没有放弃。 It could be very hard for the children to make porridge for their mother，but_they_didn't_gave_up． 1 compete vi.竞争；对抗 An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country. 一个运动员如果为他/她的国家比赛，就应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝。 [要点突破] ①compete in参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for为……而竞争 compete with/against ...for ...为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 ②competition n．比赛；竞争 ③competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 ④competitor n．竞争者；对手 [写作佳句] Besides，they will compete in the Student Talent Show in our city in November. 此外，他们还将参加我们市11月举办的学生才艺表演。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The competition(compete) began，and I jumped over 4 meters! ②They did an excellent job and the top 3 competitors(competitor) were awarded. ③(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race in Minnesota. ④人们希望他能争夺全国冠军。 It was hoped that he could compete_for_the_national_champion． ⑤付出这么多努力之后，他们要到奥运赛场上同其他优秀的选手较量。 After all that hard work，they will go to the Olympics to compete_with_other_excellent_competitors． 2 make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 That doesn't make any sense! 这没有任何意义！ [要点突破] ①make sense of理解，弄懂(困难或复杂的事物) in a sense从某种意义上讲 in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) ②There is no sense/point in (doing) sth.做某事是没有道理/意义的。 It doesn't make sense to do sth.做某事没有道理/意义。 [写作佳句] If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents，don't worry，and your path will make sense in the end. 如果你相信自己，相信自己的天赋，那不要担心，你的道路最终会有意义的。 in no sense位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。如： In no sense is that statement correct. 那个陈述一点也不正确。 [学以致用] 单句填空/句型转换/一句多译 ①In a sense，reading provides a safe harbor(港湾) for me where I can escape from worries in real life. ②I asked him if he had any family，relatives(亲戚) or friends who could take care of him，yet his answers were hard to make sense of． ③So the reward helps，but the reward is in no sense necessary. →So the reward helps，but in no sense is_the_reward_necessary． ④在我看来，现在为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。 →In my opinion，there_is_no_sense_in getting upset about it now. →In my opinion，it_doesn't_make_sense to get upset about it now. 3 pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮 I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team. 我同意这个观点：即使假摔对己方球队有帮助，一个足球运动员也决不应该这么做。 [要点突破] pretend to be＋n./adj.假装…… pretend (not) to do sth.假装(不)做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做了某事 pretend＋that ...假装…… [写作佳句] My visit was a surprise to him，but he pretended not to mind at first. 我的来访使他感到意外，但起初他假装不介意。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①She pretended not to_be(be) at home when we rang the bell. ②He often pretends to_be_working(work) when actually he is just wasting time online. ③那个男孩在父亲回来时假装已经入睡。 The boy pretended_to_have_fallen_asleep when his father came back. ④虽然很多同学都看到了，但他们都假装没看到，忙着自己的事情。 Although many students saw this，they pretended_not_to_see and were busy with their own things. ⑤He pretended to have finished his homework already. →He pretended that he_had_finished_his_homework already. 4 make a difference 有作用或影响 I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! 我完全没有想到一个字母之差，区别竟如此之大！ [要点突破] ①make no/little/some/much difference (to/in sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有/几乎没有/有些/有很大作用/影响 ②tell the difference辨别；区分 [写作佳句] You can make a difference if you have a strong will and never lose heart. 如果你有坚强的意志，并且永不气馁，你会有所作为的。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I read an article that said jogging would make a difference to/in health. ②Can you tell the difference(differ) between Putonghua and Beijing dialect? ③信不信由你，无论你说什么对我都没有影响。 Believe it or not，it makes_no_difference to me whatever you say. ④每个人的微小努力都会对我们的社会起到很大的作用。 Small efforts made by everyone can_make_much_difference_to_our_society． 5 rather than 而不是 Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change. 一旦我开始考虑健康而不是担忧自己的体重，事情就开始发生变化。 [要点突破] ①or rather更确切地说 other than ...除……之外 more than 很，非常；超过；不仅仅是 ②would do sth.rather than do sth. ＝would rather do sth.than do sth. ＝prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 [写作佳句] You also need to drink more water rather than drinks. 你还需要多喝水而不是饮料。 rather than用于连接两个并列成分，可连接名词、代词、介词(短语)、动词­ing形式及动词不定式。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 [学以致用] 单句填空/词汇升级/完成句子/同义句改写 ①Peter rather than I doubts(doubt) whether the problem is worth thinking about. ②I couldn't hear clearly what he said except several rude words.other_than ③Because it was late and they saw that it was not easy for me to move，they were very willing to continue to help me and take me home.more_than ④他下达命令，我服从命令，更确切地说，我假装服从。 He commanded and I obeyed，or_rather，I pretended to. ⑤The children would cycle to the countryside rather than stay indoors all the day. →The children preferred_to_cycle to the countryside rather_than_stay indoors all the day. →The children would_rather_cycle to the countryside than_stay indoors all the day. 6 cut ...out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下；删除 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed，I added healthy foods to my meals. 我往自己的三餐里加入健康的食物，而不是完全戒掉自己喜欢吃的食物。 [要点突破] cut across 抄近路穿过 cut down 砍倒；削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目) cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话) cut off 切断；中断；阻碍 cut up 切碎；剁碎 [写作佳句] When revising your speech，be careful to cut out the unimportant details. 修改你的演讲稿时，要注意删去不重要的细节。 [学以致用] 用适当的介词或副词填空/词汇升级 ①All of a sudden，the electricity was cut off and the house was plunged(陷入) into total darkness. ②We can gain some time if we cut across this field. ③He always cuts in while other people are talking. ④She cut up the carrots and put them in the pot. ⑤Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy. ⑥She advised him to quit drinking and smoking.cut_out 7 compare vt.比较；把……比作 Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比，也不再对自己的脸或身材吹毛求疵。 [要点突破] ①compare ...with/to ...与……比较 compare ...to ...把……比作…… ②comparison n．比较；相比 in comparison with ...与……相比较 [写作佳句] In Chinese culture，as opposed to the masculinity of the sun，the moon is often compared to a quiet and elegant lady. 在中国文化中，相对于太阳的阳刚，月亮通常被比作文静优雅的女士。 作状语表示“和……比起来”时，用“compared to ...”或“compared with ...”皆可。,\s\do4( ,)) [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Don't compare your strength with/to others' weakness，which is meaningless. ②The young are compared to the rising morning sun. ③When comparing(compare) different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. ④与我即将面临的挑战相比，这似乎是一个小挑战，但事情从一开始就出错了。 Compared_with/to_the_challenge I was about to face，it seemed a small one，but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. ⑤与其他影片相比，这部英文短片被认为更有教育意义且情感充沛。 In_comparison_with_other_films，the English short film is believed to be more educational and full of emotion.(comparison) even if/though引导让步状语从句 (1)I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team. 我同意这个观点：即使假摔对己方球队有帮助，一个足球运动员也决不应该这么做。 (2)I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我过去总是想让自己看起来像电视上的女孩那样苗条，虽然我知道这是不可能的。 [情境探究] ①Even though he didn't like cats，he knew he couldn't leave this cat in the shoebox. 尽管他不喜欢猫，但他知道他不能把这只猫留在鞋盒里。 ②Even if/though the final exam is around the corner，I'll still try to find time to work out. 即使期末考试快到了，我依然会设法挤出时间锻炼身体。 ③Even if/though facing so many difficulties，we will not give up our dream. 即使面对如此多的困难，我们也不会放弃我们的梦想。 [要点突破] even though/if通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，虽然，尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主从句的主语相同时也可采用省略结构。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He won't come to our party even if invited(invite). ②He will leave for Xi'an even if it rains(rain) tomorrow. ③我母亲总是教导我不要说谎，即使我错了也不要向她隐瞒任何事情。 My mother had always taught me not to tell lies and not to hide anything from her even_though/if_I_was_wrong． ④尽管他已经30多岁了，他仍然非常努力地保持自己的体力和能力，与最好的跑步者比赛。 Even_though/if_he_is_over_30_years_old，he still tries very hard to maintain his strength and ability to compete with the best runners. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$