Unit 3 Pets（知识清单）英语牛津上海版九年级上册

Unit3 Pets Pets 话题 宠物 词汇 opinion,responsibility,death,respect,aithfully,mess,result,bite,extremely, unhappy 短语 from side to side 从左到右 grow up 成长；长大 according to据（……所说） care for关爱 as a result因此；结果 stop… from 阻止某事发生 what's more而且 pay for为……付钱 句型 it作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况 1) It+is/was+adj./n.（形容词或名词）+to do sth. 2) It十v. +to do sth. 语法 被动语态（二） 单词速记 单词 音标 含义 例句 from side to side /frɒm saɪd tu saɪd/ 从左到右，左右摇摆 The bird was swinging from side to side. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ 意见 I have an opinion on that. cute /kjuːt/ 可爱的 The puppy is so cute. grow up /ɡrəʊ ʌp/ 长大 I grew up in a small town. responsibility /rɪˈspɒnsəˌbɪlɪti/ 责任 I have the responsibility to take care of my family. according to /əˈkɒrdɪŋ tuː/ 根据 According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. death /deθ/ 死亡 Death is a natural part of life. care for /keə fɔː/ 关心 I care for my family. respect /rɪˈspekt/ 尊重 I respect my elders. faithfully /ˈfeɪθfʊlɪ/ 忠实地 The dog faithfully followed its owner. in one’s opinion /ɪn wʌn z əˈpɪnjən/ 在某人的看来 In my opinion, the movie was boring. mess /mes/ 混乱 The room is a mess. fur /fɜː/ 毛皮 The bear has thick fur. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ 结果 The result of the test was disappointing. as a result /æz ə rɪˈzʌlt/ 因此 As a result of the accident, the road was closed. bite /baɪt/ 咬 The dog bit the man. what’s more /wɒts mɔː/ 而且 I am tired, what’s more, I am hungry. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ 极其 The weather is extremely hot today. unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ 不快乐的 I am unhappy with my job. clean out /kliːn aʊt/ 清理 I need to clean out my closet. right now /raɪt naʊ/ 现在 I need to go to the bathroom right now. surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ 惊讶的 I was surprised to see you here. shocked /ʃɒk/ 震惊的 I was shocked by the news. salary /ˈsæləri/ 薪水 My salary is $100,000 a year. certain /ˈsɜːtən/ 一定量的 Make sure there is always certain water in it. goldfish /ˈgɒldfɪʃ/ 金鱼 I have a goldfish in a bowl. right away /raɪt əˈwei/ 马上 I will help you right away. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ 道歉 I apologize for my mistake. make a complaint /meɪk ə kəmˈpleɪnt/ 投诉 I need to make a complaint about the service. be wrong with /bi rɒŋ wɪð/ 出错，有问题 There must be something wrong with the computer. review /rɪˈvjuː/ 评论 I will review the book for you. not only…but also… /nɒt ɒnli...bʌt ɔːlso.../ 不仅...而且... I am not only tired, but also hungry. 知识速记 考点1. opinion n. 意见，想法，看法 【例题】 The opinion is accepted as true. 这个意见被认为是正确的。 【拓展】 in one's opinion依某人的看法 e. g. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial. 我认为，第2种看法是片面的。 考点2. responsibility n. 责任，负责 【例题】 I did it on my own responsibility(= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it had gone wrong). 我做的这件事，由我自己负责。 【拓展】 be responsible for对…负责 e. g. My father is responsible for a big department store in Shanghai. 考点3. death n. 死亡 【例句】 Car accidents have caused many deaths. 车祸造成了许多人死亡。 death的动词形式是die He became very ill and then he died. 他病得很重，接着就死了。 【拓展】 die of死于（疾病、过度悲伤等） People are dying of cancer more and more often. 死于癌症的人越来越多了。 die from死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等） In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food. 在寒冷的冬天，野兽可能因为缺乏食物而饿死。 考点4. respect n.＆ v. 尊重，慎重对待 【例句】 The new teacher soon won the respect of his students. 这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。 【拓展】 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 考点5.faithfully adv. 忠实地，忠诚地 【例句】 He always performs his duties faith fully. 他一贯忠实地履行自己的职责。 【拓展】 faith n. 信仰，信任 e. g. Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward. 正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。 faithful adj. 忠实的，守信的 e. g. We are all faith full listeners to the program. 我们都是这档节目的忠实听众。 考点6. unhappy adj. 不快乐的，不幸福的；悲伤的 【例句】 For all this wealth, he was unhappy. 尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。 【拓展】 否定前缀un-加在名词，形容词，副词之前 如：unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的），unhappy(不快乐的) 类似的否定前缀in-加在形容词，名词之前 如：incorrect(不正确的)，inability(无能，无力)，inaccurate(不准确的) im-加在字母m，b，p之前 如：impossible（不可能的），impolite（不礼貌的） 考点7.from side to side 从左到右 【例句】 The ship rolled from side to side. 船左右摇晃。 【拓展】 side by side肩并肩地；一起 e. g. The two children are walking side by side. 那两个孩子肩并肩地走着。 考点8.care for关爱 【例句】 Young people should learn to care for others. 年轻人应该学会关爱他人。 【拓展】 take care of照顾 e. g They appointed her to take care of that old man. 他们委派她照顾那位老人。 care about喜欢 e. g. I really care about the students in my class. 我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。 考点9.as a result因此；结果 【例句】 As a result, he had to leave. 结果他只得离开。 【拓展】 result from起因于 e. g. His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。 result in结果；导致是 e. g. Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。 考点10.stop… from 阻止某事发生 【例句】 The guard stopped him from going through the gate. 警卫不让他通过大门。 【拓展】 stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth. stop to do sth. 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 e. g. They stopped to work and have a rest. 他们停下来工作并休息了一会儿。 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事 Please stop speaking. It’s time to begin our class. 请肃静，上课时间到了。 考点11.pay for为……付钱 【例句】 I have to pay 150 dollars for the sewing machine. 我得花150美元买这台缝纫机。 【拓展】 spend, take, pay, cost 四者都可表示“花费” (1) spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spend some money/some time on sth. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. e. g. I spent fifty yuan on the coat. =I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 (2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主话通常为形式主语“it"或物。句式是： It takes/took sb. some time to do sth=Sth. takes sb. some time. e. g. It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。 (3) pay为“付款，赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb．pays some money for sth或pay sb．(some moneyfor sth) e. g. I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 (4) cost的主语必须是某物。动词cost的常用用法是sth. cost (sb. )some money。 e. g. The dictionary cost me $20. 这本字典花了我20美元。 语法精讲——被动语态 一：被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 二：被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 三：被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。 四：主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 五：主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 ①9A U3单词表 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 from side to side 从左到右 2 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 想法；看法；意见 3 ※cute /kjuːt/ adj. 可爱的；漂亮迷人的 4 grow up 成长；长大 5 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlətɪ/ n. 责任 6 according to prep. 据……所说 7 death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 8 care for 关爱 9 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 慎重对待；尊重 10 faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəlɪ/ adv. 忠实地；忠诚地 11 in one’s opinion 依某人的看法 12 mess n. 杂乱；粪便 13 ※fur /fɜːr/ n. （动物的）毛皮 14 result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 后果；结果 15 as a result 因此；结果 16 bite /baɪt/ v. 咬 17 what’s more 而且 18 extremely /ɪkˈstriːmlɪ/ adv. 极其；非常 19 unhappy /ʌnˈhæpɪ/ adj. 不快乐的；不幸福的；悲伤的 20 clean out 把（某物）内部彻底打扫干净 21 right now 立即；马上 22 surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊讶的 23 shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 24 salary /ˈsælərɪ/ n. 薪金；薪水 25 certain /ˈsɜːtən/ adj. 一定（量） 26 goldfish /ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ/ n. 金鱼 27 right away 立即；马上 28 apologize / əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 29 make a complaint 投诉 30 be wrong about 有问题；有毛病 31 review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. （书刊、戏剧、电影等的）评论 32 not only…but (also)… 不但……而且 ②9A U3词性转换整理 注意：阴影部分的单词是教材中出现的，打“※”的是非考纲单词 1 awful adj. 可怕的 ※awfully adv. 极其 2 apologize v. 道歉 ※apology n. 道歉 3 complain v. 抱怨；投诉 ※complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 4 create v. 创造；造成 ※creative adj. 有创造力的 ※creativity n. 创造力 5 danger n. 危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 6 ※extreme adj. 极大的 ※extremely adv. 非常，极其 7 ※faith n. 信任，信心 ※faithful adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 ※faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地 8 frighten v. 使害怕 frightened adj. 受惊吓的；吃惊的 frightening adj. 恐怖的 9 gold n. 黄金 golden adj. 金色的 10 regular adj. 规则的，经常 ※regularly adv. 经常 11 ※poison n. 毒，毒药，毒物 ※poisonous adj. 有毒的 12 responsible adj. 负责的，有责任心的 responsibility n. 责任 13 serve v. 招待（顾客等），为……服务 service n. 服务；公用事业 servant n. 仆人，佣人 14 terrible adj. 可怕的，糟糕的 ※terribly adv. 极其 Practice 一、单项选择 1．Today Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world. A．was spoken B．is spoken C．spoke D．speak 2．According to the Chinese historical story, Chinese characters (汉字) ________ by Cang Jie more than 4,000 years ago. A．invented B．invent C．were invented D．are invented 3．Many modem factories _______ by computer, so their products are more excellent. A．mainly control B．are main controlling C．are main controlled D．are mainly controlled 4．Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 5．Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 6．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in February 2024. A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised 7．—The local govermment has paid more attention to the happiness of the old people. —That’s true. Many activities ________ every month to make their lives colourful. A．hold B．held C．are held D．were held 8．As the number of Chinese tourists to South Korea dropped sharply, many hotel bookings ______. A．cancelled B．will cancel C．were cancelled D．are cancelled 9．Now children in that school ________ more time to read and play sports. A．give B．are given C．gave D．were given 10．The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine ________ on by our ancestors long ago. A．pass B．passes C．was passed D．was passing 11．Bruce grew up in the countryside. Most of his childhood ________ there. A．spends B．has spent C．is spent D．was spent 12．Nowadays, teenagers ________ to develop life skills and form good living habits through labor education. A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 13．Handan, Hebei, ________ “a city that has been waiting for you for three thousand years”. A．calls B．is called C．calling D．are called 14．It is true that English plays an important role in education, but not enough attention ________ to it by most students. A．pays B．is paying C．paid D．is paid 15．I am not sure when the bridge ________, but it is still strong. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 16．—Changchun Railway Line Six ______ in March of 2024. —Great, it’s more convenient for us to travel around our city. A．has used B．was used C．will be used D．is used 17．—In China, driving after drinking ________. —You are right. That’s ________ the law. A．is not allowed; against B．was not allowed; for C．are not allowed; for D．were not allowed; against 18．The light bulb which was invented by Edison ________ now. A．was widely used B．is widely used C．will be widely used D．used widely 19．We’re sure that the environment ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 20．—Why ________ he ________ to stand in class? —Because his words made the teacher ________. A．was; made; angrily B．was; made; angry C．did; make; happy D．did; make; happily 二、阅读理解 It’s not easy to advertise a thing everyone knows in a new way. But Pippi’s Place Pet Rescue, a volunteer organization from America, makes it. It’s named after a black cat, Pippi. She was a street cat and then found a loving family. But when she was 1 year old, Pippi was hit by a car and died. Pippi’s Place Pet Rescue then was established. The organization runs not for money, but for helping more street cats find a home. How does it do this? The organization shows their cats as if they were cars. On its website, people can learn about the cats’ ages, colors and other information. Kayla Delcoure, a member of the organization, had this idea when her family was thinking about buying a car. This is really helpful. Lots of people become interested in these cats. Some people give money to help these cats live better. A man from Canada came to take an old cat home from the organization. People give these cats a home, and the cats help make people happy too. A little girl has got a cat from the organization. ________ This makes her feel safe and warm. A woman sees her cat as a good friend. The “friend” always walks behind her and makes her laugh. Do you want to take a cat from the organization? Well, before doing it, you’d better learn more about keeping a cat as a pet. 21．How is Pippi now? A．Dead. B．Well. C．Ill. D．Hungry. 22．What does the underlined word “established” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Invented. B．Decided. C．Founded. D．Expected. 23．What is the goal of the organization? A．To raise money. B．To make an advertisement to sell cats. C．To help more street cats find a home. D．To help lonely people. 24．What can you learn about the cats on the website of the organization? A．Ages and colors. B．Parents and colors. C．Hobbies and characters. D．Hobbies and ages. 25．Which is the best for “________”? A．Then she sleeps with it every night. B．She doesn’t feed it on time. C．But she doesn’t like playing with it. D．She thinks it’s a good pet. 三、完形填空 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文). The Labrador (拉布拉多猎犬) has won the honor of the most popular breed (品种) for the past eighteen years. It has been described as gentle, clever and friendly. However, not all Labs are the same. John Grogan discovered this after he and his wife adopted a Labrador that they named Marley. The dog caused Mr. Grogan a lot of trouble, but it also provided a lot of 26 for his newspaper articles. Later, he wrote a best-selling book, “Marley and Me: Life and Love with the World’s 27 Dog.” Marley was happy and fun-loving. But he was also extremely large and difficult to control. He bit anything that he could find around the house, including plastic, clothing and jewelry. And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms. 28 , the Grogans lived in Florida where many thunderstorms develop. Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm. Marley almost 26 their home several times. John Grogan said that at first, he considered that probably his dog could be trained to be a show champion. But he soon realized that was impossible. Marley didn’t like to learn skills that didn’t belong to dogs, and the dog training school 29 him for causing troubles for other dogs. He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them. 30 that, Marley still had earned a place in the Grogans’. He didn’t know how to dance, and he didn’t know how to walk on its two legs, but he was what he was. He would never be a Lassie or a Benji or an old Yeller for he would never like to take part in a dog show, but the Grogans accepted him and loved him very much. 27．A．services B．answers C．knowledge D．stories 28．A．Cleverest B．Worst C．Bravest D．Ugliest 29．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully 30．A．damaged B．sold C．eaten D．built 31．A．relied on B．cared for C．got rid of D．apologized to 32．A．Except for B．Even if C．In addition to D．Because of 四、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. Dogs are very good pets. They are very friendly to people, because they are good companions. They are very patient and are good listeners and you can tell them your feelings and they’ll sit there and listen. You can tell them things you can’t tell anybody else. Dogs are the perfect pet because they can keep you safe. They will bark when there is danger and they can s 33 scare off strangers. If a stranger breaks into your house, your dog can protect you. They can also warn their owners of fire. Just in case of an earthquake, specially trained dogs can find people under buildings. Dogs can be fantastic pets because they can help you get exercise. Dogs need to go out for a walk. Daily exercise can keep you at a healthy w 34 . It can also strengthen your bones and muscles. Exercise with a dog gives you a lot of energy. Do dogs understand us? Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think. Some researchers in Germany have made experiments. A border collie (边境牧羊犬) named Rico r 35 the names of about 200 objects. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee. In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 c 36 right. As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the researchers believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words. In another experiment, the researchers took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before. The c 37 object was chosen in seven out of 10 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive. Rico is thought to be smarter than the a 38 dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months. It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can’t talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! We believe dogs are good pets because they can be fun to play with. They also make us r 39 because we have to take care of it. Whenever you’re bored, a dog will always be there to play with you. Raising a dog is hard, but there are a lot of benefits. 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 Today, there are more and more families raising pets. Many people now see their pets as their family members, so it is natural for them to take their pets to travel. Travelling with pets is a good way to increase their life experience. For example, many owners take their pets to view the sea and go camping. By playing in the wild, pets can get close to nature. Bonnie Yao, from Shenzhen, travelled for 50 days with her border collie (边牧). She thinks dogs that live in cities for a long time may feel depressed (沮丧的). So taking them out can make them relaxed. “I think taking pets on trips is a good idea because they’re parts of nature.” Yao said. Taking pets on the trips, however, is not easy, because there are restrictions (限制规定) on buses, undergrounds, trains and airplanes. As a result, most owners have to travel with their pets by car. Also, they need to avoid the rush hour. When booking hotels, they need to choose those that allow pets. Considering this, many people suggest that hotels should be more friendly to pets and improve their service. For example, they can provide pets with rooms and special beds. 40．How long did Bonnie Yao travel with her dog? 41．Why does Bonnie Yao think it’s a good idea to take pets on trips? 42．From paragraph 3, how do most owners travel with their pets? 43．What can hotels provide for pets according to the last paragraph? 44．What do you think of travelling with pets? 六、书面表达 45．近几年关于宠物狗伤人事件的报道屡见不鲜，网络上出现了不同的声音，有人认为坚决不能在小区里养狗，但很多爱狗人士持反对意见。对此你有何看法？请根据要点以“Should we keep dogs in the neighborhood?”为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文，谈谈你的看法。文中不得出现真实校名和姓名。 要点： 1. 你的观点 2. 你的原因 3. 你的建议 4. …… Should we keep dogs in the neighborhood? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．B 【详解】句意：今天，全世界越来越多的人说汉语。 考查动词的语态。分析句子可知，本句陈述一般事实，需用一般现在时，且主语Chinese和谓语动词之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are done)。故选B。 2．C 【详解】句意：根据中国历史故事，汉字是由仓颉在4000多年前发明的。 考查被动语态。invent意为“发明”，invented一般过去时；invent动词原形；were invented一般过去时的被动语态；are invented一般现在时的被动语态。根据“by Cang Jie”和“4,000 years ago”可知该题要用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 3．D 【详解】句意：许多现代工厂主要采用电脑控制，因此其产品更加优良。 考查副词的用法和一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Many modem factories…by computer…”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词则用are，动词应用副词mainly修饰，且动词用过去分词形式表被动。故选D。 4．C 【详解】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 5．D 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 6．C 【详解】句意：在2024年2月举行的NBA全明星名人赛上，25岁的演员王鹤棣因其出色的篮球技术而受到称赞。 考查被动语态。根据题干可知，主语和动词praise“称赞”之间是被动关系，结合“in February 2024.”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 7．C 【详解】句意：——当地政府更加关注老年人的幸福。——这是真的。每个月都会举办许多活动，使他们的生活丰富多彩。 考查时态和语态。主语Many activities和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“every month”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选C。 8．C 【详解】句意：随着前往韩国的中国游客数量急剧下降，许多酒店预订被取消。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“many hotel bookings”可知，是酒店预定被取消，该句描述的动作发生了，为一般过去时，因此填一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 9．B 【详解】句意：现在那所学校的孩子们被给予更多的时间去读书和运动。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据语境可知此处指孩子们“被给予”时间，结合时间状语now可知，用一般现在时的被动语态，即“am/is/are+done”的结构。故选B。 10．C 【详解】句意：中药知识是我们的祖先很久以前传下来的。 考查动词时态及语态。根据“long ago”可时态用一般过去时，主语The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine与动词pass构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选C。 11．D 【详解】句意：布鲁斯在农村长大。他的童年大部分时间都在那里度过。 考查时态语态辨析。根据“Bruce grew up in the countryside.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构：was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是childhood。故选D。 12．C 【详解】句意：如今，鼓励青少年通过劳动教育发展生活技能，养成良好的生活习惯。 考查时态和语态。主语teenagers和谓语encourage之间是被动关系，根据“Nowadays”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选C。 13．B 【详解】句意：河北邯郸，被称为“一个已经等了你三千年的城市”。 考查动词的被动语态。分析句子语境可知，主语与call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且只有一个城市，故用单数，is called符合题意。故选B。 14．D 【详解】句意：英语在教育中确实发挥着重要作用，但大多数学生并没有给予足够的重视。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知主语attention是谓语pay的动作承受者，应用被动语态。又因此句描述事实，所以是一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 15．D 【详解】句意：我不确定大桥什么时候被修建的，但是它仍然很坚固。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语是“the bridge”与动词build是动宾关系，所以是被动语态，由于建造桥这件事发生在过去，所以是一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 16．B 【详解】句意：——长春铁路六号线于2024年3月投入使用。——太好了，我们在城市里旅行更方便。 考查时态和语态。主语Changchun Railway Line Six和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“in Marth of 2024”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。 17．A 【详解】句意：——在中国，酒后驾车是不允许的。——你说得对。这是违法的。 考查动词时态和介词辨析。against违反；for支持。第一空陈述客观事实，酒后驾驶是不被允许的，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“driving after drinking”为动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数is。结合“driving after drinking”以及“the law”可知，应该说against the law“违反法律”。故选A。 18．B 【详解】句意：爱迪生发明的灯泡现在被广泛使用。 考查被动语态。根据“now”可知，此处是现在时。此处指灯泡被使用，应为被动语态，即is widely used。故选B。 19．D 【详解】 句意：我们确信，在不久的将来，通过我们的工作，环境将得到极大的改善。 考查时态语态。improved一般过去时；was improved一般过去时，被动语态；has improved现在完成时；will be improved一般将来时，被动语态。根据“We’re sure that the environment…greatly through our work in the near future.”和表示将来的时间状语“in the near future”判断出这个句子应该使用一般将来时；又由于在宾语从句中的主语the environment in our city是由物充当，是从句的谓语动词improve的承受着，构成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态．基于上面两方面的考虑，此题应该用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will+be+过去分词，故选D。 20．B 【详解】句意：——他为什么在课堂上被罚站？——因为他的话让老师很生气。 考查使役动词的用法。angrily生气地（副词）；angry生气的（形容词）；happy快乐的（形容词）；happily快乐地（副词）。make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，其被动语态是“sb. be made to do sth.”，表示“某人被迫做某事”，此处表示“被罚站”，应用被动语态“was made”，排除选项C和D；“make sb.+形容词”表示“让某人处于某种状态”，因此答语处应用形容词angry，作宾语补足语。故选B。 21．A 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．A 【导语】本文介绍了皮皮宠物救援中心建立的目的以及如何展示猫的信息。 21．细节理解题。根据“But when she was 1 year old, Pippi was hit by a car and died.”可知，现在Pippi死了，故选A。 22．词义猜测题。根据“The organization runs not for money, but for helping more street cats find a home.”可知，此处表示这个组织被建立，founded“建立”，故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“The organization runs not for money, but for helping more street cats find a home.”可知，这个组织的目的是帮助更多的流浪猫找到一个家，故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“On its website, people can learn about the cats’ ages, colors and other information.”可知，在这个组织的网站上你可以了解猫的年龄和颜色，故选A。 25．推理判断题。根据“This makes her feel safe and warm.”可知，这使她感到安全和温暖，因此推断这只猫陪着她，因此A项“然后她每晚都抱着它睡觉”符合语境，故选A。 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了拉布拉多猎犬马利在罗根家的幸福生活。 26．句意：这只狗给格罗根先生带来了很多麻烦，但也为他的报纸文章提供了很多故事。 services服务；answers答案；knowledge知识；stories故事。根据“for his newspaper articles”可知是为报纸文章提供了故事的内容。故选D。 27．句意：后来，他写了一本畅销书《马利和我：与世界上头号捣蛋狗的幸福生活》。 Cleverest最聪明的；Worst最糟糕的；Bravest最勇敢的；Ugliest最丑的。根据下文“Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm.”可知，如果雷雨天把马利独自留在家里，他就会攻击家具、墙壁和门，直到他的脚流血。由此可推测，他很调皮捣蛋。故选B。 28．句意：不幸的是，格罗根一家住在佛罗里达州，那里经常发生雷暴。 Importantly重要的是；Surprisingly令人惊喜的是；Unfortunately不幸的是；Thankfully令人感激的是。根据上文“And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms.”可知，这只狗特别怕雷暴，而他们一家又刚好住在经常发生雷暴的地区，这是一件不幸的事情。故选C。 29．句意：马利好几次差点毁了他们的家。 damaged损毁；sold售出；eaten吃；built建造。根据上文“Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm.”可知，如果雷雨天把马利独自留在家里，他就会攻击家具、墙壁和门，直到他的脚流血。由此可推测，他差点把房子给毁了。故选A。 30．句意：马利不喜欢学习不属于狗的技能，狗训练学校因为给其他狗带来麻烦而将他开除。 relied on依赖；cared for照料；got rid of除去；apologized to向……道歉。根据“for causing troubles for other dogs”可知，因为给其他狗带来麻烦，所以被开除了。故选C。 31．句意：正因为如此，马利仍然在格罗根一家中赢得了一席之地。 Except for除了；Even if即使；In addition to此外；Because of由于。根据上文“He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them.”可知，马利直接表达他的真性情，这是他赢得一席之地的原因。故选D。 33．sometimes 34．weight 35．remembers 36．commands 37．correct 38．average 39．responsible 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍养宠物狗的好处以及两项关于狗的实验。 33．句意：有时候，他们可以吓走陌生人。根据语境以及首字母可知，此处应用sometimes（有时候，副词），表示“有时候，他们能够吓走陌生人保护你”。故填sometimes。 34．句意：日常的训练能够让你保持健康的体重。结合语境以及首字母可知，此处应用weight（重量，名词），表示“日常锻炼能够帮你维持体重”。at a/an+adj.+weight表示处于什么样的重量，固定搭配。故填weight。 35．句意：一只叫做Rico的边境牧羊犬记得200个物体的名字。根据“The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child.”以及首字母可知，此处应用remember（记得，动词），表示“边境牧羊犬能够记得200个物体的名词，学习能力像3岁的小孩。此外，由于主语是“A border collie”，所以应用remember的三单形式。故填remembers。 36．句意：在四次测试40个指令中，Rico对了37个。结合“Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back.”以及首字母可知，此处应用command（命令，可数名词），表示“Rico按照指令去拿东西”。再结合“37 out of 40”可知，此处应用复数形式，即commands。故填commands。 37．句意：在10次测试中，Rico有7次选择了正确的物体。结合“suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法).”以及首字母可知，此处应用correct（正确的，形容词），表示“Rico通过排除法，在10次测试中能够对7个”。故填correct。 38．句意：Rico被认为比一般的狗更聪明。根据“ Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.”以及所给的首字母可知，此处应用average（一般的、普通的，形容词），表示“Rico的记忆力超过一般的狗，显得更聪明”。故填average。 39．句意：他们也能使我们变得有责任感。根据“because we have to take care of it.”以及首字母可知，此处应用responsible，表示“照顾宠物狗能够培养我们的责任感”。故填responsible。 40．50 days. 41．Because they’re parts of nature. 42．By car. 43．Rooms and special beds. 44．Meaningful./Special./Relaxing.(言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要讲述了现在越来越多的人把宠物视为家人，并带它们出去旅行。 40．根据“Bonnie Yao, from Shenzhen, travelled for 50 days with her border collie (边牧).”可知，Bonnie Yao和她的边牧一起旅行了50天。故填50 days. 41．根据“‘I think taking pets on trips is a good idea because they’re parts of nature.’ Yao said.”可知，Yao认为带宠物旅行是个好主意，因为它们是大自然的一部分。故填Because they’re parts of nature. 42．根据“As a result, most owners have to travel with their pets by car.”可知，大多数主人不得不开车带着他们的宠物旅行。故填By car. 43．根据“For example, they can provide pets with rooms and special beds.”可知，旅馆可以为宠物提供房间和专用床。故填Rooms and special beds. 44．开放性习题，言之有理即可。参考答案为Meaningful./Special./Relaxing. 45．例文 Should we keep dogs in the neighborhood? I don’t think people should keep dogs in the neighborhood. The reasons are as follows. First, dogs are often too noisy. They make too much noise, which disturbs other people’s lives. Second, they are dangerous to people. Some people are not friendly and may even bite people. Third, they are dirty. Some dog owners don’t clean up after their dogs so the streets and parks are always full of dog waste. In short, keeping pet dogs is not a good idea. I think we should stop people from keeping pet dogs in the neighborhood. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：根据提示内容介绍我们是否应该在小区里养宠物狗，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍自己对于“小区里是否应该养宠物狗”这个话题的看法； 第二步，介绍自己有这个看法的原因； 第三步，介绍你的建议。 [亮点词汇] ①too much太多 ②be full of充满 [高分句型] ①I don’t think people should keep dogs in the neighborhood. (宾语从句) ②They make too much noise, which disturbs other people’s lives.  (定语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit3 Pets Pets 话题 宠物 词汇 opinion,responsibility,death,respect,aithfully,mess,result,bite,extremely, unhappy 短语 from side to side 从左到右 grow up 成长；长大 according to据（……所说） care for关爱 as a result因此；结果 stop… from 阻止某事发生 what's more而且 pay for为……付钱 句型 it作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况 1) It+is/was+adj./n.（形容词或名词）+to do sth. 2) It十v. +to do sth. 语法 被动语态（二） 单词速记 单词 音标 含义 例句 from side to side /frɒm saɪd tu saɪd/ 从左到右，左右摇摆 The bird was swinging from side to side. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ 意见 I have an opinion on that. cute /kjuːt/ 可爱的 The puppy is so cute. grow up /ɡrəʊ ʌp/ 长大 I grew up in a small town. responsibility /rɪˈspɒnsəˌbɪlɪti/ 责任 I have the responsibility to take care of my family. according to /əˈkɒrdɪŋ tuː/ 根据 According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. death /deθ/ 死亡 Death is a natural part of life. care for /keə fɔː/ 关心 I care for my family. respect /rɪˈspekt/ 尊重 I respect my elders. faithfully /ˈfeɪθfʊlɪ/ 忠实地 The dog faithfully followed its owner. in one’s opinion /ɪn wʌn z əˈpɪnjən/ 在某人的看来 In my opinion, the movie was boring. mess /mes/ 混乱 The room is a mess. fur /fɜː/ 毛皮 The bear has thick fur. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ 结果 The result of the test was disappointing. as a result /æz ə rɪˈzʌlt/ 因此 As a result of the accident, the road was closed. bite /baɪt/ 咬 The dog bit the man. what’s more /wɒts mɔː/ 而且 I am tired, what’s more, I am hungry. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ 极其 The weather is extremely hot today. unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ 不快乐的 I am unhappy with my job. clean out /kliːn aʊt/ 清理 I need to clean out my closet. right now /raɪt naʊ/ 现在 I need to go to the bathroom right now. surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ 惊讶的 I was surprised to see you here. shocked /ʃɒk/ 震惊的 I was shocked by the news. salary /ˈsæləri/ 薪水 My salary is $100,000 a year. certain /ˈsɜːtən/ 一定量的 Make sure there is always certain water in it. goldfish /ˈgɒldfɪʃ/ 金鱼 I have a goldfish in a bowl. right away /raɪt əˈwei/ 马上 I will help you right away. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ 道歉 I apologize for my mistake. make a complaint /meɪk ə kəmˈpleɪnt/ 投诉 I need to make a complaint about the service. be wrong with /bi rɒŋ wɪð/ 出错，有问题 There must be something wrong with the computer. review /rɪˈvjuː/ 评论 I will review the book for you. not only…but also… /nɒt ɒnli...bʌt ɔːlso.../ 不仅...而且... I am not only tired, but also hungry. 知识速记 考点1. opinion n. 意见，想法，看法 【例题】 The opinion is accepted as true. 这个意见被认为是正确的。 【拓展】 in one's opinion依某人的看法 e. g. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial. 我认为，第2种看法是片面的。 考点2. responsibility n. 责任，负责 【例题】 I did it on my own responsibility(= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it had gone wrong). 我做的这件事，由我自己负责。 【拓展】 be responsible for对…负责 e. g. My father is responsible for a big department store in Shanghai. 考点3. death n. 死亡 【例句】 Car accidents have caused many deaths. 车祸造成了许多人死亡。 death的动词形式是die He became very ill and then he died. 他病得很重，接着就死了。 【拓展】 die of死于（疾病、过度悲伤等） People are dying of cancer more and more often. 死于癌症的人越来越多了。 die from死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等） In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food. 在寒冷的冬天，野兽可能因为缺乏食物而饿死。 考点4. respect n.＆ v. 尊重，慎重对待 【例句】 The new teacher soon won the respect of his students. 这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。 【拓展】 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 考点5.faithfully adv. 忠实地，忠诚地 【例句】 He always performs his duties faith fully. 他一贯忠实地履行自己的职责。 【拓展】 faith n. 信仰，信任 e. g. Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward. 正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。 faithful adj. 忠实的，守信的 e. g. We are all faith full listeners to the program. 我们都是这档节目的忠实听众。 考点6. unhappy adj. 不快乐的，不幸福的；悲伤的 【例句】 For all this wealth, he was unhappy. 尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。 【拓展】 否定前缀un-加在名词，形容词，副词之前 如：unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的），unhappy(不快乐的) 类似的否定前缀in-加在形容词，名词之前 如：incorrect(不正确的)，inability(无能，无力)，inaccurate(不准确的) im-加在字母m，b，p之前 如：impossible（不可能的），impolite（不礼貌的） 考点7.from side to side 从左到右 【例句】 The ship rolled from side to side. 船左右摇晃。 【拓展】 side by side肩并肩地；一起 e. g. The two children are walking side by side. 那两个孩子肩并肩地走着。 考点8.care for关爱 【例句】 Young people should learn to care for others. 年轻人应该学会关爱他人。 【拓展】 take care of照顾 e. g They appointed her to take care of that old man. 他们委派她照顾那位老人。 care about喜欢 e. g. I really care about the students in my class. 我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。 考点9.as a result因此；结果 【例句】 As a result, he had to leave. 结果他只得离开。 【拓展】 result from起因于 e. g. His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。 result in结果；导致是 e. g. Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。 考点10.stop… from 阻止某事发生 【例句】 The guard stopped him from going through the gate. 警卫不让他通过大门。 【拓展】 stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth. stop to do sth. 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 e. g. They stopped to work and have a rest. 他们停下来工作并休息了一会儿。 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事 Please stop speaking. It’s time to begin our class. 请肃静，上课时间到了。 考点11.pay for为……付钱 【例句】 I have to pay 150 dollars for the sewing machine. 我得花150美元买这台缝纫机。 【拓展】 spend, take, pay, cost 四者都可表示“花费” (1) spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spend some money/some time on sth. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. e. g. I spent fifty yuan on the coat. =I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 (2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主话通常为形式主语“it"或物。句式是： It takes/took sb. some time to do sth=Sth. takes sb. some time. e. g. It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。 (3) pay为“付款，赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb．pays some money for sth或pay sb．(some moneyfor sth) e. g. I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 (4) cost的主语必须是某物。动词cost的常用用法是sth. cost (sb. )some money。 e. g. The dictionary cost me $20. 这本字典花了我20美元。 语法精讲——被动语态 一：被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 二：被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 三：被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。 四：主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 五：主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 ①9A U3单词表 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 from side to side 从左到右 2 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 想法；看法；意见 3 ※cute /kjuːt/ adj. 可爱的；漂亮迷人的 4 grow up 成长；长大 5 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlətɪ/ n. 责任 6 according to prep. 据……所说 7 death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 8 care for 关爱 9 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 慎重对待；尊重 10 faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəlɪ/ adv. 忠实地；忠诚地 11 in one’s opinion 依某人的看法 12 mess n. 杂乱；粪便 13 ※fur /fɜːr/ n. （动物的）毛皮 14 result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 后果；结果 15 as a result 因此；结果 16 bite /baɪt/ v. 咬 17 what’s more 而且 18 extremely /ɪkˈstriːmlɪ/ adv. 极其；非常 19 unhappy /ʌnˈhæpɪ/ adj. 不快乐的；不幸福的；悲伤的 20 clean out 把（某物）内部彻底打扫干净 21 right now 立即；马上 22 surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊讶的 23 shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 24 salary /ˈsælərɪ/ n. 薪金；薪水 25 certain /ˈsɜːtən/ adj. 一定（量） 26 goldfish /ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ/ n. 金鱼 27 right away 立即；马上 28 apologize / əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 29 make a complaint 投诉 30 be wrong about 有问题；有毛病 31 review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. （书刊、戏剧、电影等的）评论 32 not only…but (also)… 不但……而且 ②9A U3词性转换整理 注意：阴影部分的单词是教材中出现的，打“※”的是非考纲单词 1 awful adj. 可怕的 ※awfully adv. 极其 2 apologize v. 道歉 ※apology n. 道歉 3 complain v. 抱怨；投诉 ※complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 4 create v. 创造；造成 ※creative adj. 有创造力的 ※creativity n. 创造力 5 danger n. 危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 6 ※extreme adj. 极大的 ※extremely adv. 非常，极其 7 ※faith n. 信任，信心 ※faithful adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 ※faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地 8 frighten v. 使害怕 frightened adj. 受惊吓的；吃惊的 frightening adj. 恐怖的 9 gold n. 黄金 golden adj. 金色的 10 regular adj. 规则的，经常 ※regularly adv. 经常 11 ※poison n. 毒，毒药，毒物 ※poisonous adj. 有毒的 12 responsible adj. 负责的，有责任心的 responsibility n. 责任 13 serve v. 招待（顾客等），为……服务 service n. 服务；公用事业 servant n. 仆人，佣人 14 terrible adj. 可怕的，糟糕的 ※terribly adv. 极其 Practice 一、单项选择 1．Today Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world. A．was spoken B．is spoken C．spoke D．speak 2．According to the Chinese historical story, Chinese characters (汉字) ________ by Cang Jie more than 4,000 years ago. A．invented B．invent C．were invented D．are invented 3．Many modem factories _______ by computer, so their products are more excellent. A．mainly control B．are main controlling C．are main controlled D．are mainly controlled 4．Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 5．Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 6．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in February 2024. A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised 7．—The local govermment has paid more attention to the happiness of the old people. —That’s true. Many activities ________ every month to make their lives colourful. A．hold B．held C．are held D．were held 8．As the number of Chinese tourists to South Korea dropped sharply, many hotel bookings ______. A．cancelled B．will cancel C．were cancelled D．are cancelled 9．Now children in that school ________ more time to read and play sports. A．give B．are given C．gave D．were given 10．The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine ________ on by our ancestors long ago. A．pass B．passes C．was passed D．was passing 11．Bruce grew up in the countryside. Most of his childhood ________ there. A．spends B．has spent C．is spent D．was spent 12．Nowadays, teenagers ________ to develop life skills and form good living habits through labor education. A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 13．Handan, Hebei, ________ “a city that has been waiting for you for three thousand years”. A．calls B．is called C．calling D．are called 14．It is true that English plays an important role in education, but not enough attention ________ to it by most students. A．pays B．is paying C．paid D．is paid 15．I am not sure when the bridge ________, but it is still strong. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 16．—Changchun Railway Line Six ______ in March of 2024. —Great, it’s more convenient for us to travel around our city. A．has used B．was used C．will be used D．is used 17．—In China, driving after drinking ________. —You are right. That’s ________ the law. A．is not allowed; against B．was not allowed; for C．are not allowed; for D．were not allowed; against 18．The light bulb which was invented by Edison ________ now. A．was widely used B．is widely used C．will be widely used D．used widely 19．We’re sure that the environment ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 20．—Why ________ he ________ to stand in class? —Because his words made the teacher ________. A．was; made; angrily B．was; made; angry C．did; make; happy D．did; make; happily 二、阅读理解 It’s not easy to advertise a thing everyone knows in a new way. But Pippi’s Place Pet Rescue, a volunteer organization from America, makes it. It’s named after a black cat, Pippi. She was a street cat and then found a loving family. But when she was 1 year old, Pippi was hit by a car and died. Pippi’s Place Pet Rescue then was established. The organization runs not for money, but for helping more street cats find a home. How does it do this? The organization shows their cats as if they were cars. On its website, people can learn about the cats’ ages, colors and other information. Kayla Delcoure, a member of the organization, had this idea when her family was thinking about buying a car. This is really helpful. Lots of people become interested in these cats. Some people give money to help these cats live better. A man from Canada came to take an old cat home from the organization. People give these cats a home, and the cats help make people happy too. A little girl has got a cat from the organization. ________ This makes her feel safe and warm. A woman sees her cat as a good friend. The “friend” always walks behind her and makes her laugh. Do you want to take a cat from the organization? Well, before doing it, you’d better learn more about keeping a cat as a pet. 21．How is Pippi now? A．Dead. B．Well. C．Ill. D．Hungry. 22．What does the underlined word “established” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Invented. B．Decided. C．Founded. D．Expected. 23．What is the goal of the organization? A．To raise money. B．To make an advertisement to sell cats. C．To help more street cats find a home. D．To help lonely people. 24．What can you learn about the cats on the website of the organization? A．Ages and colors. B．Parents and colors. C．Hobbies and characters. D．Hobbies and ages. 25．Which is the best for “________”? A．Then she sleeps with it every night. B．She doesn’t feed it on time. C．But she doesn’t like playing with it. D．She thinks it’s a good pet. 三、完形填空 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文). The Labrador (拉布拉多猎犬) has won the honor of the most popular breed (品种) for the past eighteen years. It has been described as gentle, clever and friendly. However, not all Labs are the same. John Grogan discovered this after he and his wife adopted a Labrador that they named Marley. The dog caused Mr. Grogan a lot of trouble, but it also provided a lot of 26 for his newspaper articles. Later, he wrote a best-selling book, “Marley and Me: Life and Love with the World’s 27 Dog.” Marley was happy and fun-loving. But he was also extremely large and difficult to control. He bit anything that he could find around the house, including plastic, clothing and jewelry. And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms. 28 , the Grogans lived in Florida where many thunderstorms develop. Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm. Marley almost 26 their home several times. John Grogan said that at first, he considered that probably his dog could be trained to be a show champion. But he soon realized that was impossible. Marley didn’t like to learn skills that didn’t belong to dogs, and the dog training school 29 him for causing troubles for other dogs. He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them. 30 that, Marley still had earned a place in the Grogans’. He didn’t know how to dance, and he didn’t know how to walk on its two legs, but he was what he was. He would never be a Lassie or a Benji or an old Yeller for he would never like to take part in a dog show, but the Grogans accepted him and loved him very much. 27．A．services B．answers C．knowledge D．stories 28．A．Cleverest B．Worst C．Bravest D．Ugliest 29．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully 30．A．damaged B．sold C．eaten D．built 31．A．relied on B．cared for C．got rid of D．apologized to 32．A．Except for B．Even if C．In addition to D．Because of 四、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. Dogs are very good pets. They are very friendly to people, because they are good companions. They are very patient and are good listeners and you can tell them your feelings and they’ll sit there and listen. You can tell them things you can’t tell anybody else. Dogs are the perfect pet because they can keep you safe. They will bark when there is danger and they can s 33 scare off strangers. If a stranger breaks into your house, your dog can protect you. They can also warn their owners of fire. Just in case of an earthquake, specially trained dogs can find people under buildings. Dogs can be fantastic pets because they can help you get exercise. Dogs need to go out for a walk. Daily exercise can keep you at a healthy w 34 . It can also strengthen your bones and muscles. Exercise with a dog gives you a lot of energy. Do dogs understand us? Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think. Some researchers in Germany have made experiments. A border collie (边境牧羊犬) named Rico r 35 the names of about 200 objects. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee. In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 c 36 right. As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the researchers believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words. In another experiment, the researchers took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before. The c 37 object was chosen in seven out of 10 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive. Rico is thought to be smarter than the a 38 dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months. It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can’t talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! We believe dogs are good pets because they can be fun to play with. They also make us r 39 because we have to take care of it. Whenever you’re bored, a dog will always be there to play with you. Raising a dog is hard, but there are a lot of benefits. 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 Today, there are more and more families raising pets. Many people now see their pets as their family members, so it is natural for them to take their pets to travel. Travelling with pets is a good way to increase their life experience. For example, many owners take their pets to view the sea and go camping. By playing in the wild, pets can get close to nature. Bonnie Yao, from Shenzhen, travelled for 50 days with her border collie (边牧). She thinks dogs that live in cities for a long time may feel depressed (沮丧的). So taking them out can make them relaxed. “I think taking pets on trips is a good idea because they’re parts of nature.” Yao said. Taking pets on the trips, however, is not easy, because there are restrictions (限制规定) on buses, undergrounds, trains and airplanes. As a result, most owners have to travel with their pets by car. Also, they need to avoid the rush hour. When booking hotels, they need to choose those that allow pets. Considering this, many people suggest that hotels should be more friendly to pets and improve their service. For example, they can provide pets with rooms and special beds. 40．How long did Bonnie Yao travel with her dog? 41．Why does Bonnie Yao think it’s a good idea to take pets on trips? 42．From paragraph 3, how do most owners travel with their pets? 43．What can hotels provide for pets according to the last paragraph? 44．What do you think of travelling with pets? 六、书面表达 45．近几年关于宠物狗伤人事件的报道屡见不鲜，网络上出现了不同的声音，有人认为坚决不能在小区里养狗，但很多爱狗人士持反对意见。对此你有何看法？请根据要点以“Should we keep dogs in the neighborhood?”为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文，谈谈你的看法。文中不得出现真实校名和姓名。 要点： 1. 你的观点 2. 你的原因 3. 你的建议 4. …… Should we keep dogs in the neighborhood? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$