03.阅读理解之议论文-备战2025年高考英语之暑假名校模拟试题精练精析

备战2025年高考之暑假名校模拟试题精练精析 备战2025年高考之暑假名校模拟试题精练精析 阅读理解 （议论文） 1 （2024·江西·模拟预测）Survival is every living being’s basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature’s creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It’s the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 1. What does the underlined word ”creator“ in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Nature. B. Achievement. C. Mankind. D. Government. 2. What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A. Be equipped with multiple skills. B. Be appreciative of human’s creations. C. Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D. Be faithful about the help from governments. 3. What might the writer agree with? A. A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B. Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C. A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D. Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 4. What might Frank Marshall be? A. A noted psychologist. B. A retired soldier. C. A film review writer. D. A magazine publisher. 2 （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 5. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should offer mercy to others. B. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 6. What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A. To forgive is to love. B. To fight is to grow. C. To dominate is to harm. D. To give is to receive. 7. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Objective. B. Reserved. C. Favorable. D. Skeptical. 8. What is message of the last paragraph? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. Actuality is based on potentiality. D. It takes practice to forgive. 3 （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve. So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, please stop. Make a conscious decision rather than highlight the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It’s crucial to stay connected to what the other person is talking about, and listen without getting upset, to be an objective observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. 9. What might the author think of people who like to judge others? A. Self-centered. B. Responsible. C. Talkative. D. Warm-hearted. 10. What does a person mean by saying “OK” according to Paragraph 3? A. He thinks the advice is helpful. B. He completely agrees with the comments. C. He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments. D. He defends himself with the response. 11. What is the recommended action for dealing with chronic criticizers? A. Embrace their views. B. Criticize them in return. C. Avoid interaction if needed. D. Engage with them regularly. 12. What is the most suitable title for the text? A. The Art of Giving Criticism B. Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism C. Dealing with Personal Relationships Flexibly D. The Path to Self-Improvement through Criticism 4 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo (禁忌). One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree. If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social stability by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children. The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today. The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children. 13. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The childless often come under sharp criticism. B. Childlessness is to future workers’ disadvantage. C. Many highly successful people have no children D. The childless politicians get attacked in society. 14. The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ______. A. have a strange way to show selfishness B. set a bad example for young people C. are not as generous as those with children D. are the government’s financial burden 15. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Accepting more immigrants. B. Reducing the pensions for the aged. C. Encouraging parents to have more children. D. Supporting the political leaders with no children. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. In defense of the childless. B. Prejudice against non-breeders. C. Why don’t they have children? D. Measures to address childlessness. 5 （2024·山东·三模）We all enjoy being part of a group — there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combining (结合) several challenging personality types is even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. To successfully work as a team, you need time together — and lots of it. A final reason why teamwork is difficult is that there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong — I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions by myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 17. Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A. To keep himself busier. B. To keep himself healthier. C. To make his job easier. D. To make his team harder. 18. Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A. Strong personalities. B. Lots of teamwork time. C. Challenging ideas. D. More training on teamwork. 19. What do you need to do if you want to work on a team? A. You need to work with others in a room. B. You need to build trust with your team members. C. You just need to make all decisions by yourself. D. You need to have different ideas with your team members. 20. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B. A ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C. A ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D. A WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day. 21. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To show the advantages of teamwork. B. To explain the difficulties of teamwork. C. To introduce the influence of teamwork. D. To tell the importance of teamwork. 6 （2024·湖北·模拟预测）In Georgia students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to store memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 22. Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A. Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B. Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C. Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D. Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Opposed. D. Unclear. 24. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Learning from. B. Reflecting on. C. Bringing out. D. Arguing against. 25. How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing causes. C. By displaying methods. D. By listing figures. 7 （2024·河北唐山·二模）I like an organized, clean house. I am, however, often in the minority in the house. Every time I walk in the front door and make the turn to hang my coat in the mudroom (Amudroom is a space set aside in a house where people can take off their outdoor clothing, remove their soiled shoes, store equipment), I frown at the mess that meets my eyes. Lots of shoes littered all over the floor, along with slippers (拖鞋) and anything you can imagine. No matter how many times I attempt to restore the scene, this room immediately ends up back in mess. The other day I started to think about why the mu droom is the most challenging room to keep in order. I came to the realization that it is because the mu droom is both the beginning and the end, it is the jumping off point to the adventures of our day and it is the storage ground when the sun sets. In turn, those four walls have become a holder of memories, and a museum of my family’s treasures, as each item tells a story of those that I love most. The bright white Nike high tops cast off on the floor belong to my oldest son, nearing 12,presenting his emerging fashion sense. The worn black and blue runners introduce my youngest,a lively tornado in a 10-year-old’s body. The slippers belong to my husband. They were a Christmas present from the boys and me many years ago. During the colder months, it is the first thing that my husband does when he return s home from work, he slips on those grey wool slippers and continues to settle in. He loves and wears them so much that the initial pair wore right through the toe. He won’t part with those treasures but now has a second pair; the exact same make and model. Recently it occurred to me that my annoyance at the mudroom chaos is temporary. This disorder will last only a few years. The boys are getting older, and the toys and mess will move on ... as will my sons eventually. This makes me sad for what I know will feel like a big loss. Each day that I see that collection of goods means that my house is full of love, energy, passion and family. 26. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2? A. Intense desire to be clean. B. Strong ha te of the mudroom. C. Ongoing struggle to maintain order. D. Great tension between her and her family. 27. What can we learn from the author’s reflection? A. Her regret and restart. B. Her wonder and willpower. C. Her frustration and forgiveness. D. Her acceptance and appreciation. 28. Why does the story refer to the husband’s slippers? A. To prove their comfort. B. To show their emotional value. C. To offer insight into his daily life. D. To praise his money management. 29. What is the best title of the text? A. Loss? Universal Gain! B. Chaos? Life’s Loving Marks! C. Litter? Proof of Daily Routine! D. Mudroom? Family’s Obligation! 8 （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon. The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day. The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves — to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the essence of active growth. Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out. Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) — disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values. That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation. 30. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a reason. B. To highlight a point. C. To make a prediction. D. To give a definition. 31. What do the underlined words “walk our talk” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Put words into deeds. B. Display confidence. C. Stop talking big. D. Strike a balance. 32. To achieve effective self-management, what will the author probably recommend? A. Seeking external support. B. Undertaking more missions. C. Sticking to one’s own values. D. Following one’s desires. 33. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Secret Behind Self-discipline B. The Magic of Personal Integrity C. The Power of Independent Will D. The Road to Effective Management 9 （2024·安徽合肥·三模）In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story The Birth-Mark, a chemist called Aylmer marries a young woman, Georgiana, whose only imperfection is a red spot on her left cheek. He considers it a “terrible flaw”. So she asks him to use his skills to remove it. At length Aylmer creates a medicine that has the desired effect: to kill her without pain. Hawthorne’s story illustrates the harm of perfectionism. It is Thomas Curran’s starting-point for a study of what he calls a “hidden epidemic(流行病)”. He thinks the endless efforts for higher standards is mainly a disaster. As a social psychologist at the London School of Economics, Mr. Curran describes himself as “a recovering perfectionist”. Drawing on both academic research and his own experiences, he makes a convincing case. Mr. Curran distinguishes between two sorts of perfectionism. The first, which looks inward, is the unforgiving self-criticizing of the hardworking employees. A second version, directed towards others, is commonly found in bosses who have unrealistic expectations of their staff and sharply criticize their supposed failings. Its victims tend to feel lonely. Often they think about harming themselves. Having noted the potential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests some causes. These include a lack of job security, unreasonable requirements by helicopter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel consumption and anxiety. “The economy”, he claims, “is based on our discontent. Social media flood users with images of finely sculpted bodies, seemingly perfect dresses and unbelievably romantic weddings.” His greatest attack, though, is directed at society. In this he draws on the thinking of Michael Sandel, a philosopher at Harvard. Especially in the book, The Tyranny of Merit, Professor Sandel has argued that using achievements as a sorting machine leads to a society that is divided into just winners and losers, while ignoring the common good. Like Mr. Curran, Professor Sandel has a good point. 34. Who can be considered as the second type of perfectionist by Thomas Curran? A. Aylmer. B. Georgiana. C. Michael Sandel. D. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 35. According to Thomas Curran, a healthy economy should . A. not have winners or losers B. provide job security for everyone C. be free from advertisements D. not be driven just by anxiety 36. What does the author think of Michael Sandel’s criticism of the society? A. Unfair. B. Convincing. C. Misleading. D. Gentle. 37. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Imperfection of Our Society B. A Review of The Tyranny of Merit C. Comments on Thomas Curran’s Study D. Effective Ways to Deal With Perfectionism 10 （2024·安徽·模拟预测）Many people view cities largely in negative terms — as crowded, dirty, unhealthy environments that are breeding (繁殖) grounds for disease and crime. People fear that as cities get bigger, living conditions will get worse. To a growing number of economists, urban planners, and environmentalists, urbanization is good news. Many planners now believe big cities offer a solution to dealing with the problem of Earth’s growing population. Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one person who believes that cities bring largely positive benefits. Glaeser’s optimism is reflected in the title of his book The Triumph of the City. Glaeser argues that poor people flock to cities because that’s usually where the money is. Cities are productive because of “the absence of space between people”, which reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities attract and reward smart people with higher wages, and they enable people to learn from one another. In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information. “They value knowledge over space. That’s what the modern city is all about.” Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand. From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. Despite the negative aspects such as pollution and serious problems like urban slums, it is a mistake to see urbanization as evil; instead, we should view it as an inevitable part of development. Rapid growth itself is not the real problem — the larger issue is how to manage the growth. 38. Why does the author mention the New York Stock Exchange in Paragraph 2? A. To indicate the space there is valuable. B. To show how goods can be exchanged. C. To illustrate the importance of information flow. D. To describe what a modern city should look like. 39. The underlined word “champion” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to a person who ________. A. advocates something B. challenges something C. achieves something D. protects something 40. Stewart Brand believes that ________. A. urbanization would be more disastrous B. life in cities is more economical than in rural areas C. public transportation consumes more energy in cities D. people living in rural areas have less impact on the environment 41. How does the author support Stewart Brand’s idea in Paragraph 3? A. By quoting authorities. B. By making comparisons. C. By analysing the causes. D. By criticizing opposing views. 11 （2024·黑龙江·模拟预测）The debate over whether video games should be considered a sport has been ongoing for decades. While some argue that e-sports require skill, there is disagreement over whether they meet the criteria of a traditional sport. According to the dictionary, a sport is a physical activity engaged in for pleasure. While playing video games requires skill and coordination, it lacks the physicality associated with traditional sports. Strategy is also present in board games like chess or card games like solitaire, but these activities are not classified as sports. Similarly, playing a musical instrument requires practice and training, yet it is not considered a sport. Sports require full-body movements and coordination while video games primarily involve finger and hand movements. Although it is possible to include physical movement while playing, it is not a requirement for success. Many e-sports enthusiasts sit in front of their screens, filling themselves with snacks while controlling the game. This lack of physicality not only sets video games apart from sports but can also have negative effects on health. Unlike traditional sports, which have been shown to improve well-being, excessive video gaming can lead to headaches and anger. While e-sports and competitive gaming may be comparable to activities like chess in terms of competition, they do not possess the physical effort and health benefits associated with traditional sports. However, as the industry continues to develop, the idea of e-sports is evolving. Studies have highlighted the demanding motor skills and reaction times required in e-sports. Professor Ingo Frobose conducted a study that demonstrated the impressive motor skills of e-sports “athletes”, with up to 400 movements per minute on the keyboard and mouse. The strategic aspect of e-sports, including team planning and analysis, is also often ignored. Games such as League of Legends, Dota 2, and Honor of Kings have attracted large audiences and showed the strategic skills of players. While some argue against the classification of e-sports as real sports, evidence suggests that they possess unique skills and abilities. As the industry grows, the understanding and recognition of e-sports as a reasonable competitive activity are gradually changing. 42. Why do some people think of video games not as a sport? A. They lack total physical activity. B. They merely highlight cooperation. C. They have little effects on health. D. They require no strategy or training. 43. What is a common behavior of e-sports enthusiasts while playing? A. Suffering from bodily pain. B. Performing physical exercises. C. Snacking and playing at the same time. D. Experiencing positive effects on well-being. 44. Which supports the argument for e-sports as a reasonable competitive activity? A. The benefits on health brought by video gaming. B. The comparison of e-sports to chess and card games. C. The strategic aspect and motor skills involved in e-sports. D. The physical labor and health benefits of playing e-sports. 45. In which section of a newspaper can this text most probably be found? A. Health. B. Entertainment. C. Education. D. Science. 12 （2024·河南·模拟预测）An overall transformation is needed for the planet to adapt people’s pursuit of well-being. A new study by an international team of researchers explores a Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy as a driver of a transformative process based on a learning society. The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence. In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential. In many ways, our everyday lives are linked with all other life on Earth. According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality. He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ” The current strategy for a sustainable future emphasizes economic and technological progress，but that is not enough. Learning is needed, too. A learning society relies on changes in its citizens’ values, beliefs and worldviews. “How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study. Having an experience of belonging to and being part of the world strengthens people’s sense of meaningfulness and their agency needed in building a sustainable future. The transformative power of a learning society can be a key factor in the green transformation going into all society, in which citizens’ consumer behaviour and ways of living, moving and producing food and energy are organized in new ways. Conceptions of work and the economy can be reformed, too. A sustainable future is not about life becoming more miserable—it’s about life becoming richer and more meaningful as hope for the future grows stronger. 46. Why is Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy mentioned? A. To stress learning to be one with the world. B. To suggest reforming citizens’ ways of living. C. To describe how the theory is being improved. D. To tell if a sustainable future is significant. 47. What is the main reason for increasing global crises according to Professor Salonen? A. The planet is reaching its limits. B. Humans break away from the reality. C. Old ideas of well-being are being questioned. D. Progress in economy and technology is unbalanced. 48. What can we conclude from the text? A. A sustainable future is based on a learning society. B. Humans, societies and the world were connected more. C. Ending the present strategy for future is needed. D. Global crises have resulted in wrong worldviews. 49. How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By introducing a theory. B. By making a comparison. C. By using researchers’ arguments. D. By providing study processes. 13 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection,which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 50. What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Having a preference for good memories. B. Remembering exactly about the details. C. Concentrating on impossible things. D. Thinking objectively about the past: 51. Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A. Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B. Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C. Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D. Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 52. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The good excuse for present unhappiness. B. The accuracy of remembering past details. C. The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D. The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 53. What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A. Negative. B. Cautious. C. Favorable. D. Objective. 14 （2024·福建南平·模拟预测）Ten million Americans are considering freelancing (从事自由职业), according to Upwork’s Great Resignation survey. Among those planning to quit their jobs, 52% are giving freelancing serious consideration. What’s more, many are choosing freelancing over full-time work; it’s no longer just a fallback or a side job. One of the key benefits of freelancing is that you get to choose your own workload. Unrealistic expectations at work and the lack of boundaries have seen many a full-time worker burn out. However, freelancers have much more control over their workloads. This is not to say that freelancers don’t burn out. They manage their workload better and prioritize other aspects of their life. They don’t usually get to choose their boss or their teammates at a traditional job. They get to choose who they work with. Unlike full-time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy — and say no to the work they don’t. This results in greater job satisfaction. Of course, there are disadvantages of pursuing freelancing. Employees in many countries receive benefits that are part of their employment contracts. When you’re a freelancer, you work for yourself so you let go of these benefits. Your workload may be inconsistent. Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work. This fluctuation in cash flow can feel like a huge negative for new freelancers. As a business owner, your business’s success or failure is entirely dependent on you, which can feel overwhelming. You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business. Of course, to freelance or not to freelance depends on yourself. Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work, hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high-paying and meaningful work. 54. What contributes to a freelancer’s greater job satisfaction? A. Making self-selection of job types. B. Being free from taking responsibility. C. Enjoying welfare provided by government. D. Developing harmonious interpersonal relationships. 55. What does the underlined word “fluctuation” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Development. B. Unsteadiness. C. Inefficiency. D. Exchange. 56. What will a freelancer have to do to develop his business? A. Market himself. B. Consult professionals. C. Depend on clients. D. Improve employment contracts. 57. What does the author think of the future of freelancing? A. Challenging. B. Unpredictable. C. Promising. D. Changeless. 15 （2024·江苏·模拟预测）A role shift—whether a promotion, a move to a new organization, or a fresh challenge in your existing job—can be a huge boost to your career and a chance for you to succeed. You know the drill heading in: Apply your experience and talents to the position, make sure you are accepted by the hierarchy (高层), and get a few big wins in the first couple of months to demonstrate what you can do. But in today’s hyper-collaborative and dynamic workplaces, successful moves aren’t as easy as they once were, even for the most qualified and hard-working people. Too often, transitional managers and employees don’t live up to their organizations’ expectations. Gartner surveys indicate that a full 49% of people promoted within their own companies are underperforming up to 18 months after those moves, and McKinsey reports that 27% to 46% of transitional executives are regarded as failures or disappointments two years later. They have the right skills and experience. They understand the company’s goals. So why didn’t they quickly excel in their new roles? We analyzed employee relationships and communication patterns across more than 100 diverse companies and interviewed 160 executives in 20 of them. Our research points to one overlooked prerequisite (先决条件) for transition success: the effective use of internal networks. The people who are the most productive, innovative, and engaged in new roles — the “fast movers” — are those who establish extremely broad, mutually beneficial, uplifting connections from the start. Specifically, they surge rapidly into a broad network; identify how they add value, where they fall short, and who can fill the gaps; create scale; and shape their networks for maximum thriving. In most cases, individual managers must do these things on their own. Only 43% of people surveyed said their organizations ensured that transitional employees were offered guidance and support. Only about a quarter said their employers encouraged them to build connections early or create networks to address skill gaps. But that should not be the case. 58. What does the author say about job moves in today’s society? A. They are a boost to our career. B. They require ability demonstration. C. They may not produce good results. D. They need to be guided by managers. 59. Why didn’t transitional executives succeed in their new roles? A. They are inexperienced. B. They lack the needed skills. C. They misunderstand the company’s goals. D. They fail to use internal networks effectively. 60. How does the author make his points convincing? A. By using exact numbers. B. By conducting surveys. C. By making contrasts. D. By listing examples. 61. What does the author think of the phenomenon in the last paragraph? A. It’s common. B. It’s unexpected. C. It’s acceptable. D. It’s unsurprising. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$备战2025年高考之暑假名校模拟试题精练精析 备战2025年高考之暑假名校模拟试题精练精析 阅读理解 （议论文） 1 （2024·江西·模拟预测）Survival is every living being’s basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature’s creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It’s the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 1. What does the underlined word ”creator“ in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Nature. B. Achievement. C. Mankind. D. Government. 2. What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A. Be equipped with multiple skills. B. Be appreciative of human’s creations. C. Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D. Be faithful about the help from governments. 3. What might the writer agree with? A. A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B. Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C. A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D. Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 4. What might Frank Marshall be? A. A noted psychologist. B. A retired soldier. C. A film review writer. D. A magazine publisher. 2 （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 5. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should offer mercy to others. B. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 6. What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A. To forgive is to love. B. To fight is to grow. C. To dominate is to harm. D. To give is to receive. 7. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Objective. B. Reserved. C. Favorable. D. Skeptical. 8. What is message of the last paragraph? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. Actuality is based on potentiality. D. It takes practice to forgive. 3 （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve. So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, please stop. Make a conscious decision rather than highlight the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It’s crucial to stay connected to what the other person is talking about, and listen without getting upset, to be an objective observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. 9. What might the author think of people who like to judge others? A. Self-centered. B. Responsible. C. Talkative. D. Warm-hearted. 10. What does a person mean by saying “OK” according to Paragraph 3? A. He thinks the advice is helpful. B. He completely agrees with the comments. C. He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments. D. He defends himself with the response. 11. What is the recommended action for dealing with chronic criticizers? A. Embrace their views. B. Criticize them in return. C. Avoid interaction if needed. D. Engage with them regularly. 12. What is the most suitable title for the text? A. The Art of Giving Criticism B. Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism C. Dealing with Personal Relationships Flexibly D. The Path to Self-Improvement through Criticism 4 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo (禁忌). One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree. If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social stability by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children. The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today. The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children. 13. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The childless often come under sharp criticism. B. Childlessness is to future workers’ disadvantage. C. Many highly successful people have no children D. The childless politicians get attacked in society. 14. The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ______. A. have a strange way to show selfishness B. set a bad example for young people C. are not as generous as those with children D. are the government’s financial burden 15. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Accepting more immigrants. B. Reducing the pensions for the aged. C. Encouraging parents to have more children. D. Supporting the political leaders with no children. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. In defense of the childless. B. Prejudice against non-breeders. C. Why don’t they have children? D. Measures to address childlessness. 5 （2024·山东·三模）We all enjoy being part of a group — there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combining (结合) several challenging personality types is even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. To successfully work as a team, you need time together — and lots of it. A final reason why teamwork is difficult is that there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong — I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions by myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 17. Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A. To keep himself busier. B. To keep himself healthier. C. To make his job easier. D. To make his team harder. 18. Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A. Strong personalities. B. Lots of teamwork time. C. Challenging ideas. D. More training on teamwork. 19. What do you need to do if you want to work on a team? A. You need to work with others in a room. B. You need to build trust with your team members. C. You just need to make all decisions by yourself. D. You need to have different ideas with your team members. 20. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B. A ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C. A ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D. A WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day. 21. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To show the advantages of teamwork. B. To explain the difficulties of teamwork. C. To introduce the influence of teamwork. D. To tell the importance of teamwork. 6 （2024·湖北·模拟预测）In Georgia students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to store memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 22. Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A. Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B. Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C. Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D. Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Opposed. D. Unclear. 24. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Learning from. B. Reflecting on. C. Bringing out. D. Arguing against. 25. How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing causes. C. By displaying methods. D. By listing figures. 7 （2024·河北唐山·二模）I like an organized, clean house. I am, however, often in the minority in the house. Every time I walk in the front door and make the turn to hang my coat in the mudroom (Amudroom is a space set aside in a house where people can take off their outdoor clothing, remove their soiled shoes, store equipment), I frown at the mess that meets my eyes. Lots of shoes littered all over the floor, along with slippers (拖鞋) and anything you can imagine. No matter how many times I attempt to restore the scene, this room immediately ends up back in mess. The other day I started to think about why the mu droom is the most challenging room to keep in order. I came to the realization that it is because the mu droom is both the beginning and the end, it is the jumping off point to the adventures of our day and it is the storage ground when the sun sets. In turn, those four walls have become a holder of memories, and a museum of my family’s treasures, as each item tells a story of those that I love most. The bright white Nike high tops cast off on the floor belong to my oldest son, nearing 12,presenting his emerging fashion sense. The worn black and blue runners introduce my youngest,a lively tornado in a 10-year-old’s body. The slippers belong to my husband. They were a Christmas present from the boys and me many years ago. During the colder months, it is the first thing that my husband does when he return s home from work, he slips on those grey wool slippers and continues to settle in. He loves and wears them so much that the initial pair wore right through the toe. He won’t part with those treasures but now has a second pair; the exact same make and model. Recently it occurred to me that my annoyance at the mudroom chaos is temporary. This disorder will last only a few years. The boys are getting older, and the toys and mess will move on ... as will my sons eventually. This makes me sad for what I know will feel like a big loss. Each day that I see that collection of goods means that my house is full of love, energy, passion and family. 26. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2? A. Intense desire to be clean. B. Strong ha te of the mudroom. C. Ongoing struggle to maintain order. D. Great tension between her and her family. 27. What can we learn from the author’s reflection? A. Her regret and restart. B. Her wonder and willpower. C. Her frustration and forgiveness. D. Her acceptance and appreciation. 28. Why does the story refer to the husband’s slippers? A. To prove their comfort. B. To show their emotional value. C. To offer insight into his daily life. D. To praise his money management. 29. What is the best title of the text? A. Loss? Universal Gain! B. Chaos? Life’s Loving Marks! C. Litter? Proof of Daily Routine! D. Mudroom? Family’s Obligation! 8 （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon. The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day. The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves — to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the essence of active growth. Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out. Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) — disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values. That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation. 30. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a reason. B. To highlight a point. C. To make a prediction. D. To give a definition. 31. What do the underlined words “walk our talk” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Put words into deeds. B. Display confidence. C. Stop talking big. D. Strike a balance. 32. To achieve effective self-management, what will the author probably recommend? A. Seeking external support. B. Undertaking more missions. C. Sticking to one’s own values. D. Following one’s desires. 33. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Secret Behind Self-discipline B. The Magic of Personal Integrity C. The Power of Independent Will D. The Road to Effective Management 9 （2024·安徽合肥·三模）In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story The Birth-Mark, a chemist called Aylmer marries a young woman, Georgiana, whose only imperfection is a red spot on her left cheek. He considers it a “terrible flaw”. So she asks him to use his skills to remove it. At length Aylmer creates a medicine that has the desired effect: to kill her without pain. Hawthorne’s story illustrates the harm of perfectionism. It is Thomas Curran’s starting-point for a study of what he calls a “hidden epidemic(流行病)”. He thinks the endless efforts for higher standards is mainly a disaster. As a social psychologist at the London School of Economics, Mr. Curran describes himself as “a recovering perfectionist”. Drawing on both academic research and his own experiences, he makes a convincing case. Mr. Curran distinguishes between two sorts of perfectionism. The first, which looks inward, is the unforgiving self-criticizing of the hardworking employees. A second version, directed towards others, is commonly found in bosses who have unrealistic expectations of their staff and sharply criticize their supposed failings. Its victims tend to feel lonely. Often they think about harming themselves. Having noted the potential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests some causes. These include a lack of job security, unreasonable requirements by helicopter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel consumption and anxiety. “The economy”, he claims, “is based on our discontent. Social media flood users with images of finely sculpted bodies, seemingly perfect dresses and unbelievably romantic weddings.” His greatest attack, though, is directed at society. In this he draws on the thinking of Michael Sandel, a philosopher at Harvard. Especially in the book, The Tyranny of Merit, Professor Sandel has argued that using achievements as a sorting machine leads to a society that is divided into just winners and losers, while ignoring the common good. Like Mr. Curran, Professor Sandel has a good point. 34. Who can be considered as the second type of perfectionist by Thomas Curran? A. Aylmer. B. Georgiana. C. Michael Sandel. D. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 35. According to Thomas Curran, a healthy economy should . A. not have winners or losers B. provide job security for everyone C. be free from advertisements D. not be driven just by anxiety 36. What does the author think of Michael Sandel’s criticism of the society? A. Unfair. B. Convincing. C. Misleading. D. Gentle. 37. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Imperfection of Our Society B. A Review of The Tyranny of Merit C. Comments on Thomas Curran’s Study D. Effective Ways to Deal With Perfectionism 10 （2024·安徽·模拟预测）Many people view cities largely in negative terms — as crowded, dirty, unhealthy environments that are breeding (繁殖) grounds for disease and crime. People fear that as cities get bigger, living conditions will get worse. To a growing number of economists, urban planners, and environmentalists, urbanization is good news. Many planners now believe big cities offer a solution to dealing with the problem of Earth’s growing population. Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one person who believes that cities bring largely positive benefits. Glaeser’s optimism is reflected in the title of his book The Triumph of the City. Glaeser argues that poor people flock to cities because that’s usually where the money is. Cities are productive because of “the absence of space between people”, which reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities attract and reward smart people with higher wages, and they enable people to learn from one another. In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information. “They value knowledge over space. That’s what the modern city is all about.” Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand. From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. Despite the negative aspects such as pollution and serious problems like urban slums, it is a mistake to see urbanization as evil; instead, we should view it as an inevitable part of development. Rapid growth itself is not the real problem — the larger issue is how to manage the growth. 38. Why does the author mention the New York Stock Exchange in Paragraph 2? A. To indicate the space there is valuable. B. To show how goods can be exchanged. C. To illustrate the importance of information flow. D. To describe what a modern city should look like. 39. The underlined word “champion” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to a person who ________. A. advocates something B. challenges something C. achieves something D. protects something 40. Stewart Brand believes that ________. A. urbanization would be more disastrous B. life in cities is more economical than in rural areas C. public transportation consumes more energy in cities D. people living in rural areas have less impact on the environment 41. How does the author support Stewart Brand’s idea in Paragraph 3? A. By quoting authorities. B. By making comparisons. C. By analysing the causes. D. By criticizing opposing views. 11 （2024·黑龙江·模拟预测）The debate over whether video games should be considered a sport has been ongoing for decades. While some argue that e-sports require skill, there is disagreement over whether they meet the criteria of a traditional sport. According to the dictionary, a sport is a physical activity engaged in for pleasure. While playing video games requires skill and coordination, it lacks the physicality associated with traditional sports. Strategy is also present in board games like chess or card games like solitaire, but these activities are not classified as sports. Similarly, playing a musical instrument requires practice and training, yet it is not considered a sport. Sports require full-body movements and coordination while video games primarily involve finger and hand movements. Although it is possible to include physical movement while playing, it is not a requirement for success. Many e-sports enthusiasts sit in front of their screens, filling themselves with snacks while controlling the game. This lack of physicality not only sets video games apart from sports but can also have negative effects on health. Unlike traditional sports, which have been shown to improve well-being, excessive video gaming can lead to headaches and anger. While e-sports and competitive gaming may be comparable to activities like chess in terms of competition, they do not possess the physical effort and health benefits associated with traditional sports. However, as the industry continues to develop, the idea of e-sports is evolving. Studies have highlighted the demanding motor skills and reaction times required in e-sports. Professor Ingo Frobose conducted a study that demonstrated the impressive motor skills of e-sports “athletes”, with up to 400 movements per minute on the keyboard and mouse. The strategic aspect of e-sports, including team planning and analysis, is also often ignored. Games such as League of Legends, Dota 2, and Honor of Kings have attracted large audiences and showed the strategic skills of players. While some argue against the classification of e-sports as real sports, evidence suggests that they possess unique skills and abilities. As the industry grows, the understanding and recognition of e-sports as a reasonable competitive activity are gradually changing. 42. Why do some people think of video games not as a sport? A. They lack total physical activity. B. They merely highlight cooperation. C. They have little effects on health. D. They require no strategy or training. 43. What is a common behavior of e-sports enthusiasts while playing? A. Suffering from bodily pain. B. Performing physical exercises. C. Snacking and playing at the same time. D. Experiencing positive effects on well-being. 44. Which supports the argument for e-sports as a reasonable competitive activity? A. The benefits on health brought by video gaming. B. The comparison of e-sports to chess and card games. C. The strategic aspect and motor skills involved in e-sports. D. The physical labor and health benefits of playing e-sports. 45. In which section of a newspaper can this text most probably be found? A. Health. B. Entertainment. C. Education. D. Science. 12 （2024·河南·模拟预测）An overall transformation is needed for the planet to adapt people’s pursuit of well-being. A new study by an international team of researchers explores a Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy as a driver of a transformative process based on a learning society. The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence. In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential. In many ways, our everyday lives are linked with all other life on Earth. According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality. He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ” The current strategy for a sustainable future emphasizes economic and technological progress，but that is not enough. Learning is needed, too. A learning society relies on changes in its citizens’ values, beliefs and worldviews. “How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study. Having an experience of belonging to and being part of the world strengthens people’s sense of meaningfulness and their agency needed in building a sustainable future. The transformative power of a learning society can be a key factor in the green transformation going into all society, in which citizens’ consumer behaviour and ways of living, moving and producing food and energy are organized in new ways. Conceptions of work and the economy can be reformed, too. A sustainable future is not about life becoming more miserable—it’s about life becoming richer and more meaningful as hope for the future grows stronger. 46. Why is Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy mentioned? A. To stress learning to be one with the world. B. To suggest reforming citizens’ ways of living. C. To describe how the theory is being improved. D. To tell if a sustainable future is significant. 47. What is the main reason for increasing global crises according to Professor Salonen? A. The planet is reaching its limits. B. Humans break away from the reality. C. Old ideas of well-being are being questioned. D. Progress in economy and technology is unbalanced. 48. What can we conclude from the text? A. A sustainable future is based on a learning society. B. Humans, societies and the world were connected more. C. Ending the present strategy for future is needed. D. Global crises have resulted in wrong worldviews. 49. How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By introducing a theory. B. By making a comparison. C. By using researchers’ arguments. D. By providing study processes. 13 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection,which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 50. What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Having a preference for good memories. B. Remembering exactly about the details. C. Concentrating on impossible things. D. Thinking objectively about the past: 51. Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A. Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B. Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C. Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D. Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 52. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The good excuse for present unhappiness. B. The accuracy of remembering past details. C. The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D. The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 53. What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A. Negative. B. Cautious. C. Favorable. D. Objective. 14 （2024·福建南平·模拟预测）Ten million Americans are considering freelancing (从事自由职业), according to Upwork’s Great Resignation survey. Among those planning to quit their jobs, 52% are giving freelancing serious consideration. What’s more, many are choosing freelancing over full-time work; it’s no longer just a fallback or a side job. One of the key benefits of freelancing is that you get to choose your own workload. Unrealistic expectations at work and the lack of boundaries have seen many a full-time worker burn out. However, freelancers have much more control over their workloads. This is not to say that freelancers don’t burn out. They manage their workload better and prioritize other aspects of their life. They don’t usually get to choose their boss or their teammates at a traditional job. They get to choose who they work with. Unlike full-time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy — and say no to the work they don’t. This results in greater job satisfaction. Of course, there are disadvantages of pursuing freelancing. Employees in many countries receive benefits that are part of their employment contracts. When you’re a freelancer, you work for yourself so you let go of these benefits. Your workload may be inconsistent. Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work. This fluctuation in cash flow can feel like a huge negative for new freelancers. As a business owner, your business’s success or failure is entirely dependent on you, which can feel overwhelming. You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business. Of course, to freelance or not to freelance depends on yourself. Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work, hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high-paying and meaningful work. 54. What contributes to a freelancer’s greater job satisfaction? A. Making self-selection of job types. B. Being free from taking responsibility. C. Enjoying welfare provided by government. D. Developing harmonious interpersonal relationships. 55. What does the underlined word “fluctuation” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Development. B. Unsteadiness. C. Inefficiency. D. Exchange. 56. What will a freelancer have to do to develop his business? A. Market himself. B. Consult professionals. C. Depend on clients. D. Improve employment contracts. 57. What does the author think of the future of freelancing? A. Challenging. B. Unpredictable. C. Promising. D. Changeless. 15 （2024·江苏·模拟预测）A role shift—whether a promotion, a move to a new organization, or a fresh challenge in your existing job—can be a huge boost to your career and a chance for you to succeed. You know the drill heading in: Apply your experience and talents to the position, make sure you are accepted by the hierarchy (高层), and get a few big wins in the first couple of months to demonstrate what you can do. But in today’s hyper-collaborative and dynamic workplaces, successful moves aren’t as easy as they once were, even for the most qualified and hard-working people. Too often, transitional managers and employees don’t live up to their organizations’ expectations. Gartner surveys indicate that a full 49% of people promoted within their own companies are underperforming up to 18 months after those moves, and McKinsey reports that 27% to 46% of transitional executives are regarded as failures or disappointments two years later. They have the right skills and experience. They understand the company’s goals. So why didn’t they quickly excel in their new roles? We analyzed employee relationships and communication patterns across more than 100 diverse companies and interviewed 160 executives in 20 of them. Our research points to one overlooked prerequisite (先决条件) for transition success: the effective use of internal networks. The people who are the most productive, innovative, and engaged in new roles — the “fast movers” — are those who establish extremely broad, mutually beneficial, uplifting connections from the start. Specifically, they surge rapidly into a broad network; identify how they add value, where they fall short, and who can fill the gaps; create scale; and shape their networks for maximum thriving. In most cases, individual managers must do these things on their own. Only 43% of people surveyed said their organizations ensured that transitional employees were offered guidance and support. Only about a quarter said their employers encouraged them to build connections early or create networks to address skill gaps. But that should not be the case. 58. What does the author say about job moves in today’s society? A. They are a boost to our career. B. They require ability demonstration. C. They may not produce good results. D. They need to be guided by managers. 59. Why didn’t transitional executives succeed in their new roles? A. They are inexperienced. B. They lack the needed skills. C. They misunderstand the company’s goals. D. They fail to use internal networks effectively. 60. How does the author make his points convincing? A. By using exact numbers. B. By conducting surveys. C. By making contrasts. D. By listing examples. 61. What does the author think of the phenomenon in the last paragraph? A. It’s common. B. It’s unexpected. C. It’s acceptable. D. It’s unsurprising. 参考答案 1 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人类在面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the …?(那么，为什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开始比创造者更信任创……呢)”可知这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Man”，即人类自身。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could.(我们具备了照顾自己、度过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、更好)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就是为最坏的情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只有这样你才能生存下来)”可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation.(弗兰克·马歇尔的终极生存法则将一步步引导你，帮助你恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你应该做什么来独自生存任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的，有了正确的预先准备)”可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can help you survive the disasters(充分的准备可以帮助你度过灾难)”。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes.(这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活经验的生存指南，旨在教你当灾难发生时的基本生存方法)”可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一位退休的士兵，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。故选B项。 2 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。 6. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. (研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。 8. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。 3 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了如何正确地处理批评，无论是作为批评者还是被批评者，同时也提出了一些具体的策略，例如：通过简单地说“OK”来避免不必要的争论，以及如何对待那些习惯性批评他人的人。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.(有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”可知，作者可能认为这些人是自以为是，以自我为中心的。故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.(相反，只需回答“OK”。这个简短的一个词的回应承认了对方的评论，但不同意它，也不觉得有必要就此展开辩论)”可知，对方通过说“OK”意在避免不必要的争论。故选C。 11. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.(与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，对于那些经常批评他人的人，文中推荐的行动是在必要时避免与他们互动。故选C。 12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.(在一个每个人对每件事都有自己看法的世界里，人们对彼此的错误和不完美吹毛求疵，而不注意自己的错误和不完美，这是很常见的。有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”结合文章探讨了如何应对批评，无论是给出批评还是接受批评，并提出了一些建议和策略。故选D“通过批评走向自我提升”最为合适。故选D。 4 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了当今社会对不生孩子的偏见，并认为对无子女者的指控应当驳回，他们的存在为社会产生很多好处。 13. 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. (尽管如此，没有孩子的人还是受到了很多批评。)”并结合下文可知，本段主要讲述了无子女者常常遭受尖锐批判。故选A。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. (一些人指出，非父母者无法培养出未来的工人来支付养老金。)”和倒数第二段中的“Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. (那些没有孩子的人确实给公共养老金系统带来了压力。政府不得不做一些不受欢迎的事情，比如像日本那样降低养老金的慷慨程度，或者像一些西方国家那样接受更多的移民。)”可知，由于无子女者没有生孩子来为养老金系统作贡献，这会给公共养老金系统带来压力，政府不得不做一些不受欢迎的事情。由此可推测出，无子女者遭受人们的偏见是因为人们认为他们成为政府的经济负担。故选D。 15. 词句猜测题。根据画线词it所在句的前文“It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. (如果成为父母的人有一个或两个以上的孩子，就有可能把高无子女率和高出生率结合起来。这是一个世纪前许多西方国家的模式。)”可知，画线词it指代前文的内容，即一个世纪前许多国家采取的模式是鼓励成为父母的人生孩子，从而兼顾高无子女率与高出生率。故选C。 16. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段最后一句“One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. (然而，一种古老的偏见仍然受人尊敬。问问一个没有孩子的人就知道了。)”引出话题：无子女者遭受偏见；第二段具体讲述了无子女者面对的批判；接下来几段作者分别从慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术文学贡献等方面讲述无子女者的贡献。由此可推测出，本文主要指出人们对无子女者的偏见，并为无子女者辩护，由此可推测出，A项“为无子女者辩护”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 5 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易，并解释了其中的原因。 17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.(团队合作可能很难。事实上，这太难了，所以我辞去了办公室的工作，开始自己在家工作。它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易。)”可知，作者选择居家工作是为了让工作变得更容易。故选C。 18. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Personalities can make teamwork difficult.(个性会让团队合作变得困难。)”可知，强烈的个性会让团队合作变得困难。故选A。 19. 细节理解题。根据第四段“You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other.You need to build trust with your team members.(你不能只是把人们放在一个房间里，期望他们彼此合作得很好。你需要与你的团队成员建立信任。)”可知，如果你想在团队里工作就需要和团队成员建立信任。故选B。 20. 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And that’s useful information because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.(这是有用的信息，因为有一天我可能想把我的ME TEAM变成WE TEAM。)”可知，WE TEAM有一天可能会成为作者的选择。故选D。 21. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.(它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易。)”可知，文章主要是为了解释为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难。故选B。 6 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在社交媒体和人工智能时代，背诵经典词句的重要性，以及现代教育者对此的反对态度。 22. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive(规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis.”（现代教育者认为记忆是空洞的重复，机械和规定的，而不是创造性或思考性的。他们说，从记忆中背诵文本只是将信息灌输到学生的头脑中。这是重复的学习，而不是批判性的分析。）可知，教育者反对将记忆深入青少年的头脑，因为他们认为这种记忆并不能有助于批判性分析。故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant.”（背诵让学生体验到文本是一种活的东西，准备被新一代接受。记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。）可知，作者支持背诵。故选A。 24. 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.”（在背诵时决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思。）以及“Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes”（记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度。）可知，记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。所以pondering在此处意味着反思或深思。故选B。 25. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...”（ 看看父母们的脸，他们听着孩子们敦促我们朝着马丁·路德·金所说的“深深扎根于美国梦中的梦想”前进，或者像罗伯特·弗罗斯特那样说:“我是一个熟悉黑夜的人”，或者像莎士比亚那样说:“明天、明天、明天……”）以及根据文章最后一段“When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare.”（当年轻的背诵者回到座位时，他们知道他们已经把永恒的词语变成了自己的。那一刻，父母和学生的感觉超越了好成绩。几分钟的时间，勤奋的青少年变成了金、弗罗斯特或莎士比亚。）”可知，作者是通过举例子来说明强调背诵在社交媒体和人工智能时代的重要性的。故选A。 7 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者认为家里的乱也透露出了家庭的友爱和活力。 26. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Every time I walk in the front door and make the turn to hang my coat in the mudroom (A mudroom is a space set aside in a house where people can take off their outdoor clothing, remove their soiled shoes, store equipment), I frown at the mess that meets my eyes. Lots of shoes littered all over the floor, along with slippers (拖鞋) and anything you can imagine. No matter how many times I attempt to restore the scene, this room immediately ends up back in mess.(每次我走进前门，转身去把外套挂在储物间（储物间是房子里留出的一块地方，人们可以在那里脱下户外的衣服，脱掉脏鞋子，存放设备），我都会对眼前的混乱皱眉。地板上到处都是鞋子，还有拖鞋和任何你能想到的东西。不管我试着恢复多少次，这个房间马上就又乱了)”可知，作者想在第2段告诉我们维持秩序的持续斗争。故选C。 27. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In turn, those four walls have become a holder of memories, and a museum of my family’s treasures, as each item tells a story of those that I love most.(反过来，这四面墙也成了记忆的储藏地，成了我家珍宝的博物馆，因为每一件藏品都讲述了我最爱的人的故事)”可知，我们可以从作者的反思中了解到作者的接受和感激。故选D。 28. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The slippers belong to my husband. They were a Christmas present from the boys and me many years ago. During the colder months, it is the first thing that my husband does when he return s home from work, he slips on those grey wool slippers and continues to settle in. He loves and wears them so much that the initial pair wore right through the toe. He won’t part with those treasures but now has a second pair; the exact same make and model.(这双拖鞋是我丈夫的。它们是许多年前我和孩子们送给我的圣诞礼物。在寒冷的月份里，我丈夫下班回家后做的第一件事就是穿上灰色羊毛拖鞋，继续安顿下来。他非常喜欢穿这双鞋，以至于最初的一双鞋都能漏出脚趾头。他不会放弃那些珍宝，但现在他有了第二双；一模一样的牌子和型号)”可知，这个故事提到了丈夫的拖鞋是为了显示情感价值。故选B。 29. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Each day that I see that collection of goods means that my house is full of love, energy, passion and family.(每天我看到这些收藏品，就意味着我的房子里充满了爱、活力、激情和家庭)”结合文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者认为家里的乱也透露出了家庭的友爱和活力。可知，B选项“混乱？生命的可爱印记！”最符合文章标题。故选B。 8 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是独立意志的力量。 30. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day.(这个世界上的海伦·凯勒们戏剧性地证明了独立意志的价值和力量。但当我们在有效自我管理的背景下审视它时，我们意识到，通常不是戏剧性的、可见的、一生一次的努力带来持久的成功。赋权来自于学习如何在我们每天做的决定中运用独立意志。)”可知，作者在第二段提到“海伦·凯勒们”的目的是强调作者后面提到的观点，故选B。 31. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves(它是我们对自己做出承诺并信守承诺的能力)”可知，划线短语walk our talk的意思是“信守承诺，把言语付诸行动”，和put words into deeds意思相近，故选A。 32. 细节理解题。根据第五段“In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values.(换句话说，如果你是一个有效的自我管理者，你的自律来自内心；它是你独立意志的功能。你是自己内心深处的价值观及其源头的门徒、追随者。你有意志，正直，把你的感觉，你的欲望，你的情绪放在这些价值观之后。)”可知，为了实现有效的自我管理，作者可能会推荐坚持自己的价值观。故选C。 33. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon.(独立意志使有效的自我管理成为可能。它是一种做出决定和选择，并据此行动的能力。它是行动的能力，而不是被行动的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是独立意志的力量，因此最好的标题是C选项“The Power of Independent Will(独立意志的力量)”。故选C。 9 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要评价了Thomas Curran有关完美主义的研究。 34. 推理判断题，根据第一段“He considers it a “terrible flaw”.(他认为这是一个“可怕的缺陷”)”及第三段“A second version, directed towards others, is commonly found in bosses who have unrealistic expectations of their staff and sharply criticize their supposed failings.(第二个版本是针对他人的，通常出现在那些对员工抱有不切实际期望、并尖锐批评他们所谓的缺点的老板身上)”可推断，Aylmer属于逼着别人完美的那种人。故选A。 35. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Having noted the potential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests some causes. These include a lack of job security, unreasonable requirements by helicopter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel consumption and anxiety.(在注意到潜在的负面影响后，柯伦提出了一些原因。其中包括缺乏工作保障、直升机父母的不合理要求以及助长消费和焦虑的不健康广告)”可知，Thomas Curran认为一个健康的社会不应该过度鼓励消费及贩卖焦虑。故选D。 36. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Like Mr. Curran, Professor Sandel has a good point.(和柯伦先生一样，桑德尔教授说得有道理)”可知，作者认为Michael Sandel的批评是令人信服的。故选B。 37. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Drawing on both academic research and his own experiences, he makes a convincing case.(根据学术研究和他自己的经历，他提出了一个令人信服的理由)”结合文章主要评价了Thomas Curran有关完美主义的研究。故C选项“评托马斯·柯伦的研究”最符合文章标题。故选C。 10 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. B 【解析】本文的体裁为议论文。文章围绕城市化这一主题展开，讨论了城市生活的正面与负面看法，并引用了经济学家Edward Glaeser和环保主义者Stewart Brand的观点来支持城市化带来的积极效益，包括促进信息流通、经济效益以及对环境的相对较小影响。文章旨在反驳将城市化视为纯粹负面现象的观点，提倡应视为发展进程中不可避免的一部分，并着重于如何有效管理城市增长的问题。 38. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information.  “They value knowledge over space.  That’s what the modern city is all about.” (在华尔街纽约证券交易所的交易大厅里，员工们在一个开放、拥挤的空间里工作，分享信息。“他们认为知识比空间更重要。这就是现代城市的意义所在。”)”可知，在第二段中提到纽约证券交易所的例子，是为了说明人们在同一个开放、拥挤的空间内工作，促进了信息的共享，强调了现代城市重视知识交流而非物理空间的特点。故选C项。 39. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。)”可知，Stewart Brand是城市化的另一位支持者或倡导者。因此，champion在此处指的是“倡导或支持某事的人”。A. advocates something提倡某事；B. challenges something挑战某事；C. achieves something实现某事；D. protects something保护某事。故选A项。 40. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。由于城市人口密集，世界上一半的人口可以居住在大约4%的土地上，从而为农田等开阔的乡村留出了更多的空间。城市居民对环境的人均影响也较小。他们的道路、下水道和电线更短，需要更少的资源来建造和运营。与郊区和农村地区的大房子相比，城市公寓在供暖、制冷和照明方面需要的能源更少。最重要的是，居住在人口密集城市的人开车少了。他们可以步行到许多目的地，公共交通工具是实用的，因为足够多的人经常去同一个地方。因此，人口密集的城市产生的人均温室气体排放量往往低于分散的郊区。)”可知，他认为将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。城市密度使得人们占用的土地更少，对环境的人均影响更低，城市居民开车更少，使用公共交通更为实际，且城市公寓比郊区或农村的大型住宅更节能。这些都表明城市生活比乡村生活更经济高效。故选B项。 41. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。由于城市人口密集，世界上一半的人口可以居住在大约4%的土地上，从而为农田等开阔的乡村留出了更多的空间。城市居民对环境的人均影响也较小。他们的道路、下水道和电线更短，需要更少的资源来建造和运营。与郊区和农村地区的大房子相比，城市公寓在供暖、制冷和照明方面需要的能源更少。最重要的是，居住在人口密集城市的人开车少了。他们可以步行到许多目的地，公共交通工具是实用的，因为足够多的人经常去同一个地方。因此，人口密集的城市产生的人均温室气体排放量往往低于分散的郊区。)”可知，作者在第三段支持Stewart Brand观点的方式主要是通过对比城市与乡村生活对环境的影响，比如提及城市人口密集使得更多土地可用于开放乡村如农田，城市居民的人均环境影响较小，城市基础设施更节省资源等，这些都是通过比较来支持Brand的观点。故选B项。 11 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。针对“电子竞技是否是真正的体育运动”展开分析与论述。 42. 细节理解题。根据第一段“According to the dictionary, a sport is a physical activity engaged in for pleasure.(根据字典的解释，sport是指为了娱乐而进行的体育活动)”以及第二段“Sports require full-body movements and coordination while video games primarily involve finger and hand movements.(运动需要全身运动和协调，而电子游戏主要涉及手指和手的运动)”可知，有些人认为电子游戏不是一种运动因为完全缺乏体育活动。故选A。 43. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many e-sports enthusiasts sit in front of their screens, filling themselves with snacks while controlling the game.(许多电子竞技爱好者坐在屏幕前，一边控制游戏一边吃零食)”可知，电子竞技爱好者在玩游戏时常见的行为是一边吃零食一边玩。故选 C。 44. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies have highlighted the demanding motor skills and reaction times required in e-sports.(研究强调了电子竞技对运动技能和反应时间的要求)”以及“The strategic aspect of e-sports, including team planning and analysis, is also often ignored.(电子竞技的战略层面，包括团队规划和分析，也经常被忽视)”可知，“电子竞技中涉及的战略方面和运动技能”支持电子竞技是一项合理的竞技活动。故选C。 45. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The debate over whether video games should be considered a sport has been ongoing for decades.(关于电子游戏是否应该被视为一种运动的争论已经持续了几十年)”结合本文针对电子竞技是否是真正的体育运动展开正反论述。电子竞技属于报纸版面休闲、娱乐相关的话题。故选 B。 12 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了在一个充满全球危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要，而可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。 46. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence.(行星社会教育学理论是一种适用于所有社会部门的学习方式。根据该理论，人、社会和世界是一个相互关联的系统性整体。这样的世界观可以让生活更有意义，增加人们的归属感和包容感，扩大关怀的范围，并帮助人们发现自身的影响力机会。)”和文章第三段“In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential.(在一个充满危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要。)”可推知，文章提及行星社会教育学理论的目的是强调学会与世界融为一体。故选A。 47. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality(行星危机升级背后最重要的原因是人们与周围现实的脱节)”可知，Professor Salonen认为全球危机不断上升背后的主要原因是人们脱离周围现实。故选B。 48. 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是后四段可知，我们处在一个充满全球危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要，而可持续发展的未来需要人类不断学习，即可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。故选A。 49. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality.( 该研究的主要作者、东芬兰大学的阿尔托·O·萨洛宁教授表示，地球危机升级背后最重要的原因是人们与周围的现实环境分离。)”、第四段“He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ”(他说:“当我们尝试全面的可持续转型时，我们需要对现实进行越来越有力和更系统的解释。”)”和第五段““How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study.(该研究的合著者Erkka Laininen说:“我们如何在情感、身体和思想的层面上意识到我们与他人和自然的日常联系，这是可持续转型的核心。”)”可推知，作者主要通过引述研究者的相关论述来说明主题，即可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。故选C。 13 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对过去的美好回忆（玫瑰色回忆）现象，指出其影响决策和心理健康，但提醒要以健康态度回顾过去，不应影响现在的幸福。 50. 词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语下文“It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details.(之所以会发生这种情况，是因为当我们回想过去时，我们更倾向于关注积极的概况，而不是恼人的细节。)”可知，划线短语指的是“当我们回忆过去时，我们更可能关注积极的总体情况，而不是令人烦恼的细节。”选项A“Having a preference for good memories.(偏好美好记忆)”意义一致。故选A。 51. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪总是一个好主意。)”可知，作者建议我们应该以一种健康的怀疑态度来审视我们的怀旧情感。故选A。 52. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。事实上，那些更倾向于记住消极经历而不是积极经历的人很可能表现出心理障碍。研究普遍表明，我们最幸福的日子还未到来。即使它们不是，重要的是要相信它们是。不要羞于带着某种程度的怀旧去回顾过去。但是，出于同样的原因，不要把过去作为现在不开心的借口。)”可知，最后一段讨论了“玫瑰色回忆”在保持当前积极心态和心理健康方面的重要性。它指出“它让我们保持当前的积极心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。”这表明该段落的主要思想是保持积极心态的重要性。故选C。 53. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(美好的回忆会影响我们做决定的方式，这也是为什么我们很容易回到问题关系中的原因之一。我们经历一段关系的负面影响的时间越长，我们就越有可能让美好的记忆超过糟糕的记忆，也许会原谅不可原谅的行为。带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪(总是一个好主意。)”以及最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。)”可知，作者认可美好回忆有助于维持当前的积极心态和对心理健康有益，但是作者也提醒读者要注意其潜在的风险。由此可知，作者对美好回忆抱有客观的态度。故选D。 14 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. C 【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章分析了从事自由职业的利弊。 54. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike full-time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy—and say no to the work they don’t. This results in greater job satisfaction.(与全职工作者不同，自由职业者有更大的自由去做他们喜欢的工作，并对他们不喜欢的工作说不，这会提高工作满意度)”可知，自行选择工作类型使自由职业者有更大的工作满意度。故选A项。 55. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work.(有时下雨，倾盆大雨，你可能有多个项目要做。在其他时候，你可能没有太多的工作)”可知，画线词析在句子意为“这种现金流的波动对新的自由职业者来说可能是一个巨大的负面影响。”因此，fluctuation 在此意为“不稳定性”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 56. 推理判断题。根据第三段“You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business.(你还必须学会成为自己最好的代言人，推广你的产品来寻找新的项目和客户，拓展你的业务)”可知，为了发展业务，自由职业者不得不营销自己。故选A项。 57. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work. hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high-paying and meaningful work.(无论如何，企业越来越多地增加技能，独立的专业人士正在为重建提供动力，因此，越来越多的企业对远程工作持开放态度，雇佣人才，无论他们与公司办公室的距离如何。这种态度的改变增加了自由职业者找到高薪和有意义工作的机会)”可知，作者认为自由职业者的未来前景很好。故选C项。 15 58. C 59. D 60. B 61. B 【解析】本文是议论文。本文通过讨论职场角色转变的挑战，特别是晋升或转职后如何在新角色中快速适应并取得成功的问题，提出了有效运用内部网络是先决条件的观点。 58. 推理判断题。根据第二段“But in today’s hyper-collaborative and dynamic workplaces, successful moves aren’t as easy as they once were, even for the most qualified and hard-working people. Too often, transitional managers and employees don’t live up to their organizations’ expectations. Gartner surveys indicate that a full 49% of people promoted within their own companies are underperforming up to 18 months after those moves, and McKinsey reports that 27% to 46% of transitional executives are regarded as failures or disappointments two years later.(但在当今高度协作和动态变化的工作场所中，即使是最有能力和最勤奋的人，成功地进行职位变动也不像过去那样容易了。通常情况下，过渡期的经理和员工都达不到组织的期望。高德纳（Gartner）的调查显示，有49%的人在公司内部晋升后，在变动后的18个月内表现不佳，而麦肯锡（McKinsey）报告称，两年后，有27%到46%的过渡期高管被视为失败或令人失望)”可知，作者认为在当今高度协作和动态的工作场所，即使是最有资格和最勤奋的人，成功的工作变动也不像以前那么容易，工作变动可能不会产生好的结果。故选C项。 59. 细节理解题。根据第三段“We analyzed employee relationships and communication patterns across more than 100 diverse companies and interviewed 160 executives in 20 of them. Our research points to one overlooked prerequisite (先决条件) for transition success: the effective use of internal networks.(我们分析了100多家不同公司的员工关系和交流模式，并对其中20家公司的160名高管进行了采访。我们的研究指出了成功过渡的一个被忽视的前提条件：有效利用内部网络)”可知，成功转型的先决条件是有效利用内部网络，而转型高管没有成功利用内部网络，因此他们在新角色中没有取得成功。故选D项。 60. 推理判断题。根据第三段“We analyzed employee relationships and communication patterns across more than 100 diverse companies and interviewed 160 executives in 20 of them.Our research points to one overlooked prerequisite (先决条件) for transition success: the effective use of internal networks.(我们分析了100多家不同公司的员工关系和交流模式，并对其中20家公司的160名高管进行了采访。我们的研究指出了成功过渡的一个被忽视的前提条件：有效利用内部网络)”可知，作者通过进行调查来使他的观点更有说服力。故选B项。 61. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In most cases, individual managers must do these things on their own. Only 43% of people surveyed said their organizations ensured that transitional employees were offered guidance and support. Only about a quarter said their employers encouraged them to build connections early or create networks to address skill gaps. But that should not be the case.(在大多数情况下，单个管理者必须自己去做这些事情。只有43%的受访者表示，他们的组织确保为过渡期的员工提供指导和支持。只有大约四分之一的人表示，他们的雇主鼓励他们尽早建立联系或创建网络来弥补技能差距。但情况不应该如此)”可知，作者在最后一段中提到“但情况不应该是这样”，这表明作者对于大多数情况下，单个管理者必须自己完成这些事情感到意外，因此可以推断出作者认为这个现象是出人意料的。故B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$