精品解析：北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

丰台区2023~2024学年度第二学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知: 1.答题前,考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚,并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名,在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写,要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分,作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分） 第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ten years ago, I had just started my first job as a Medical Representative in a small town in India—but was ___1___ every moment of it. I had the ___2___ to promote and get sales regardless of whether there was a need for my drugs or not. To make matters worse, I was ___3___ from my original plan of pursuing (追求) a Ph.D in biology. All these thoughts were crowding through my mind, as I was driving my scooter around the town visiting one doctor after another. At one of the traffic lights, I hit a red and had to wait for the signal to turn green. I noticed that there was a huge rock lying near the square—a result of somebody’s carelessness. Yet nobody thought it ___4___ to get out of the vehicles and move the rock to the edge of the road where it would lie, harmless. Suddenly I noticed a young kid crawling his way across the other side of the road. He must have had a serious infection of polio (小儿麻痹症) when he was a baby. He was crawling on both his hands and ___5___ his body behind him. This guy came up to the rock with a look on his face showing that he did not believe in his handicap (残疾). He was looking at that rock with ___6___ —as if saying to the stone “You are an instrument of my will.” He ___7___ to push the rock to the side of the road. I can never forget that look of pride on his face, showing that he has ___8___ something that able-bodied people like me were avoiding doing. And looking at this kid for this brief time, I was reminded how small my troubles were in respect to his and how much I was worrying about them. Since then I have never ___9___ . I did pursue my dream of finishing a Ph.D in the biological sciences. To that unknown messenger of hope and ____10____ , this is the ovation (鼓掌) I wish to give—though belatedly. 1 A. expecting B. regretting C. missing D. wondering 2. A. pressure B. desire C. pleasure D. chance 3. A. passing B. developing C. departing D. starting 4. A. difficult B. dangerous C. possible D. worthwhile 5. A. dragging B. shaping C. lifting D. folding 6. A. anxiety B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 7. A. planned B. failed C. learnt D. managed 8. A. recalled B. considered C. preserved D. accomplished 9. A. calmed down B. given up C. broken in D. worked out 10. A. cooperation B. generosity C. courage D. enthusiasm 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2023, 13.9 million people ___11___ (visit) the Spain’s Canary Islands—that’s six times more than the number of people who actually live there. Locals say they are not ___12___ all tourism because it creates jobs and money, but they want their government to put a limit on the number of tourists. They think the government should work out how many tourists can be supported, so that the Canaries can become an example of ___13___ (sustain) tourism. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In spring, thousands of birds fly north to breed in Siberia. Some birds eat grass shoots ___14___ start to grow at the beginning of the season. This food source is only available for a few weeks and rising temperatures ___15___ (cause) by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass, ___16___ (leave) them without a food source. As more and more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands ___17___ birds like to search for food are disappearing too. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dylan Allman, aged 18, recently received an award for his work to protect hedgehogs (刺猬). The award ___18___ (go) to inspiring people who make changes in their community. Allman’s mission started four years ago ___19___ he became interested in the number of hedgehogs in his garden. Earlier this year, he launched a program, in which a team of volunteers rescued injured hedgehogs in parts of Wales. Allman also visited schools to teach people about hedgehogs and raised money ___20___ (support) animal rescue centers. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2024 Harvard Winter Program in Shanghai, China The city of Shanghai has brought together diverse peoples, cultures, and economies from various parts of China and around the world. Blending cultural studies with social sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Program in Shanghai, China will help you understand the city. Program dates: November 8, 2024 to December 21, 2024 Apply by: August 25, 2024 Program Structure This six-week program includes two courses on Shanghai’s cultural history and economic development experiences. You start each week with two days of seminars (研讨会) designed to let you see Shanghai differently. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, the group moves to a field site for a hands-on research practicum (实践操作课) in companies, government offices, and communities. Over the weekend, you try your own hands at exploring the city and its economy, working on creative projects and/or research papers, with a flexible final project format that accommodates student priorities. The program counts as two semester-long courses of degree credit (学分), 4 credits each. Both program courses can count towards East Asian Studies credit. Accommodations You will live in an on-campus hotel in one of China’s most distinguished academic institutions. Hotel services include wi-fi, daily housekeeping, safe for storage of valuables, cafeteria and gym. Apart from all the practical conveniences of a student district, the campus also offers library access and will be an ideal base for your creative and research projects. Application To apply, you must: •Be at least 18 years old •Have completed at least one year of college •Be in good academic standing Students enrolled at any university are welcome to apply. The Winter 2024 application will be available in early July. Each program has unique requirements included in the online application. Beginning your application early is the best way to ensure that you have sufficient time to review and complete the application requirements by the deadline. If you have questions about the application, please contact the Harvard Study Abroad Office by email at winterabroad@winter.harvard.edu. 21. If you take 2024 Harvard Winter Program, you _________. A. will live in a hotel near Harvard campus B. will spend twelve days in total on seminars C. can get 4 credits towards East Asian Studies D. must complete a research paper for a project 22. If you want to apply for this program, you must _________. A. be a high school senior B. have received hands-on training C have work experience in companies D. finish no less than one year of college 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To stress the value of taking a winter program. B. To attract more people to apply for a winter program. C. To share a memorable experience at Harvard University. D. To introduce requirements for a final project at Harvard University. B “A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made to feel this way almost every day in school. By high school, T. J. was the most celebrated troublemaker in his town. He was always impolite, didn’t answer questions and got into lots of fights. I met T. J. for the first time at a weekend leadership program. At the start of the program, T. J. was literally standing outside the circle of students with that “go ahead, impress me” look on his face. The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of positive and negative things that occurred at school that year. T. J. had brilliant thoughts on those situations. The other students in T. J.’s group welcomed his comments. All of a sudden T. J. felt like a part of the group, and before long he was being treated like a leader. The next following days, T. J. was very active in all the sessions. Later he joined the Homeless Project team. He knew something about poverty, hunger and hopelessness. The other students on the team were impressed with his passionate concern and ideas. By the end of the program, the students elected T. J. co-chairman of the team. Many people couldn’t believe that the principal (校长) would allow this crucial beginning to a three-year action plan to stay in the incapable hands of T. J. Ware. Two weeks later, T. J. and his friends led a group of 70 students in a drive to collect food. They collected a school record: 2, 854 cans of food in just two hours. As the local newspaper covered the event with a full-page article, T. J. started showing up at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. Later, he led a second project, yielding 9,000 cans of food in one day and taking care of 70 percent of the needed food for the homeless shelter for one year. T. J. reminds us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending. But once it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. got a job. He became productive. He is flying quite nicely these days. 24. At first, what was T. J. known for in the town? A. Misbehavior and rudeness. B. Popularity in his group. C. Poor academic performance. D. Activeness in class discussion. 25. What changed T. J.’s attitude towards the program? A. Getting support from the principal. B. Joining the Homeless Project team. C. Being the co-chairman of the team. D. Gaining group members’ recognition. 26. What can be learnt from the story? A. Like teacher, like pupil. B. Never fish in troubled water. C. Do not judge a book by its cover. D. Birds of a feather flock together. C For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether “brain workouts” such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging. Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症). While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition. The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment. By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes. Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players. The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit. “Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. “So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles.” People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword, which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game. The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. 27. What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Prevent. C. Experience. D. Cause. 28. Paragraph 4 is written to_________. A. show a concerning condition B. compare different groups C. present real-life examples D. prove an assumption 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is. B. Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people. C. The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved. D. Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is. 30. What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive? A. The lack of variables. B. The weaknesses of assessments. C. The insufficiency of time span. D. The subjects' preference for games. D A Perspective article published in Nature this week says that AI systems pose a further risk: that researchers envision such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity, productivity and understanding complex concepts. Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now, while AI applications are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much more difficult to address if AI tools become deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write co-authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett. In this article, Messeri and Crockett put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities. In one ‘vision’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and so survey the scientific literature more exhaustively than people can. In both Oracle and another vision, called AI as Arbiter, systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people, because they are less likely to cherry-pick the literature to support a desired hypothesis or to show favouritism in peer review. In a third vision, AI as Quant, AI tools seem to surpass the limits of the human mind in analyzing vast and complex data. In the fourth, AI as Surrogate, AI tools simulate (模拟) data that are too difficult or complex to obtain. Informed by anthropology and cognitive science, Messeri and Crockett predict risks that arise from these visions. One is the illusion of explanatory depth, in which people relying on another person — or, in this case, an algorithm — for knowledge have a tendency to mistake that knowledge for their own and think their understanding is deeper than it actually is. Another risk is that research becomes skewed towards studying the kinds of thing that AI systems can test — the researchers call this the illusion of exploratory breadth. For example, in social science, the vision of AI as Surrogate could encourage experiments involving human behaviors that can be simulated by an AI — and discourage those on behaviors that cannot, such as anything that requires being embodied physically. There’s also the illusion of objectivity, in which researchers see AI systems as representing all possible viewpoints or not having a viewpoint. In fact, these tools reflect only the viewpoints found in the data they have been trained on, and are known to adopt the biases (偏见) found in those data. “There’s a risk that we forget that there are certain questions we just can’t answer about human beings using AI tools,” says Crockett. The illusion of objectivity is particularly worrying given the benefits of including diverse viewpoints in research. If you’re a scientist planning to use AI, you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies. One is to map your proposed use to one of the visions, and consider which traps you are most likely to fall into. Another approach is to be deliberate about how you use AI. Deploying AI tools to save time on something your team already has expertise in is less risky than using them to provide expertise you just don’t have, says Crockett. 31. According to Paragraph 2, which might scientists agree with? A. Human intelligence can’t be overshadowed in analyzing data. B. Prejudice has been ruled out by AI tools in scientific evaluation. C. Studies with desired hypothesis are usually favored in peer review. D. AI can conduct a relatively thorough overview of the prior research. 32. What does the underlined word “skewed” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Declining. B. Partial. C. Dynamic. D. Irrelevant. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. Relying on AI to fill gaps in the team’s knowledge is much preferable. B. AI isn’t limited to the outlook and biases present within its training data. C. Instant actions must be taken to rate AI’s risks before it is fully integrated into research. D. Users counting heavily on AI tend to underestimate their insight of a concept. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. A Call for Considered Use of AI in Science B. The Unseen Biases of AI in Social Science C. AI’s Role in Enhancing Human Expertise D. How AI Is Shaping Scientific Discovery 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How objective are you? How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another. ___35___ Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret. Our ability to be objective depends on our willingness to question our mental models, the lens through which we perceive, interpret and respond to our world. If our mental models are incorrect, then our understanding of what is going on and our response to it, are often incorrect. ___36___ The good news is that with practice we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world. ___37___ One of the most powerful mental model transformation catalysts (催化剂) is new knowledge or logic that challenge old ways of thinking. ___38___ They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful. To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us. ___39___ It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place. At that moment, a set of new connections is created in the brain. It’s these new connections that have the potential to enhance our mental resources to help us transform limiting mental models. A. We can actually learn to think smarter! B. An objective leader must judge and treat people fairly. C. This requires that we be open to new knowledge and reasoning. D. The key is to accept a problem as it occurs and not take it personally. E. This is why we sometimes misjudge situations and take things personally. F. As we have seen, mental models are deep — rooted beliefs we tend to hold onto. G. The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend to be less objective. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分） 第一节（共12小题; 共12分） 阅读下面文段, 在设空处填入恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. With the progress of new medical research, I’m _____________ that people like me would be able to walk again one day. （根据句意填空） 41. With strong support from the government and the tireless _____________ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. （用适当的词填空） 42. Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all _____________ —thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks! （用适当的词填空） 43. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the __________ of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. (根据句意填空) 44. Of course there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more________ this balance.(根据句意填空) 45. Bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the _____________ of exercise in cities. （用适当的词填空） 46. When acquiring new knowledge, I’ll try to make _____________ with what I have already learnt. （根据句意单词拼写） 47. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment_____________.(用适当的词填空) 48. Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her _____________ to the new environment. （用适当词填空） 49. The organization is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm _____________, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. （用适当的词填空） 50. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in _____________ with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. (根据句意填空) 51. _____________ with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles. （用适当的词填空） 第二节（20分） 52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为“用英语讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。 习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数100左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2023~2024学年度第二学期期末练习 高一英语 考生须知: 1.答题前,考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚,并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名,在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写,要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分,作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分） 第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ten years ago, I had just started my first job as a Medical Representative in a small town in India—but was ___1___ every moment of it. I had the ___2___ to promote and get sales regardless of whether there was a need for my drugs or not. To make matters worse, I was ___3___ from my original plan of pursuing (追求) a Ph.D in biology. All these thoughts were crowding through my mind, as I was driving my scooter around the town visiting one doctor after another. At one of the traffic lights, I hit a red and had to wait for the signal to turn green. I noticed that there was a huge rock lying near the square—a result of somebody’s carelessness. Yet nobody thought it ___4___ to get out of the vehicles and move the rock to the edge of the road where it would lie, harmless. Suddenly I noticed a young kid crawling his way across the other side of the road. He must have had a serious infection of polio (小儿麻痹症) when he was a baby. He was crawling on both his hands and ___5___ his body behind him. This guy came up to the rock with a look on his face showing that he did not believe in his handicap (残疾). He was looking at that rock with ___6___ —as if saying to the stone “You are an instrument of my will.” He ___7___ to push the rock to the side of the road. I can never forget that look of pride on his face, showing that he has ___8___ something that able-bodied people like me were avoiding doing. And looking at this kid for this brief time, I was reminded how small my troubles were in respect to his and how much I was worrying about them. Since then I have never ___9___ . I did pursue my dream of finishing a Ph.D in the biological sciences. To that unknown messenger of hope and ____10____ , this is the ovation (鼓掌) I wish to give—though belatedly. 1. A. expecting B. regretting C. missing D. wondering 2. A. pressure B. desire C. pleasure D. chance 3 A. passing B. developing C. departing D. starting 4. A. difficult B. dangerous C. possible D. worthwhile 5. A. dragging B. shaping C. lifting D. folding 6. A. anxiety B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 7. A. planned B. failed C. learnt D. managed 8. A. recalled B. considered C. preserved D. accomplished 9. A. calmed down B. given up C. broken in D. worked out 10. A. cooperation B. generosity C. courage D. enthusiasm 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一位医疗代表在残疾小孩的勇气和希望激励下，重新找回自我价值和追求梦想的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年前，我刚开始我的第一份工作，在印度的一个小镇担任医疗代表——但我每时每刻都在后悔。A. expecting期待；B. regretting后悔；C. missing错过；D. wondering想知道。根据下文“to promote and get sales regardless of whether there was a need for my drugs or not”可知，作者很后悔干这个工作，因为无论是否有人需要作者的药，作者都需要推销。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我的药是否有需求，我都有推销和销售的压力。A. pressure压力；B. desire渴望；C. pleasure快乐；D. chance机会。根据下文“to promote and get sales regardless of whether there was a need for my drugs or not”可知，作者面临的是推销和销售药的压力。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我偏离了攻读生物学博士学位的原计划。A. passing经过；B. developing发展；C. departing离开；D. starting开始。根据上文“To make matters worse”可知，作者没能按原计划读生物学博士学位，depart from是固定短语，意为“背离”。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有人认为值得下车，把石头搬到路边，这样它就可以安然无恙地躺在那里了。A. difficult困难的；B. dangerous危险的；C. possible可能的；D. worthwhile值得的。根据下文“get out of the vehicles and move the rock to the edge of the road where it would lie, harmless”可知，没有人会觉得把石头搬到路边是值得的。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用双手匍匐着，身子拖在身后。A. dragging拖；B. shaping塑造；C. lifting举起；D. folding折叠。根据上文“He was crawling on both his hands”可知，他用双手爬，所以是拖着自己的身体。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚定地望着那块石头，仿佛在对那块石头说：“你是我意志的工具。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. determination决心；C. confusion困惑；D. amazement惊诧，惊奇。根据下文“You are an instrument of my will”可知，那个孩子很坚定地望着石头。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他设法把那块石头推到路边。A. planned计划；B. failed失败；C. learnt学习；D. managed设法做到。根据下文“I can never forget that look of pride on his face”可知，那个孩子是设法把石头搬到了路边，所以脸上才会有自豪。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他脸上的骄傲，这表明他已经完成了像我这样健全的人避免做的事情。A. recalled回想起；B. considered考虑；C. preserved保护；D. accomplished完成。根据上文“He___7__to push the rock to the side of the road”可知，那个孩子设法把石头搬到了路边，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，我再也没有放弃过。A. calmed down平静下来；B. given up放弃；C. broken in闯入；D. worked out解决。根据下文“I did pursue my dream of finishing a Ph.D in the biological sciences”可知，作者追逐自己的梦想，所以是没有放弃。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这位不为人知的希望和勇气的使者，这是我想给予的掌声——尽管来得有些迟。A. cooperation合作；B. generosity慷慨；C. courage勇气；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文“He __7__ to push the rock to the side of the road”可知，那个残疾的孩子把石头搬到了路中间，可见他是一个有勇气的人，向作者传达了勇气。故选C。 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2023, 13.9 million people ___11___ (visit) the Spain’s Canary Islands—that’s six times more than the number of people who actually live there. Locals say they are not ___12___ all tourism because it creates jobs and money, but they want their government to put a limit on the number of tourists. They think the government should work out how many tourists can be supported, so that the Canaries can become an example of ___13___ (sustain) tourism. 【答案】11. visited 12. against 13. sustainable 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了加那利群岛旅游业的发展现状、当地人的态度以及他们对可持续旅游业的期望。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：2023年，有1390万人参观了西班牙的加那利群岛，这是实际居住在那里的人数的六倍。由In 2023可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填visited。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业，因为它创造了就业机会和金钱，但他们希望政府限制游客的数量。由“because it creates jobs and money”可知，句子表示“当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业”，空格处意为“反对”，用against，故填against。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们认为政府应该计算出可以支持多少游客，这样加那利群岛就可以成为可持续旅游业的一个例子。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词tourism，此处表示“可持续旅游业”，空格处意为“可持续的”，形容词是sustainable。故填sustainable。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In spring, thousands of birds fly north to breed in Siberia. Some birds eat grass shoots ___14___ start to grow at the beginning of the season. This food source is only available for a few weeks and rising temperatures ___15___ (cause) by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass, ___16___ (leave) them without a food source. As more and more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands ___17___ birds like to search for food are disappearing too. 【答案】14. that##which 15. caused 16. leaving 17 where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了影响迁徙鸟类觅食的因素：气候变化和越来越多的土地被用于农业。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有些鸟吃初春时节开始生长的草芽。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是grass shoots，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种食物来源只能供应几个星期，气候变化引起的气温上升有时会使草比平时生长得早。动词cause和rising temperatures之间是逻辑动宾关系，cause使用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填caused。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着有些鸟来的太晚了，没有时间吃草，导致它们没有食物来源。该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果，leave使用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填leaving。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的土地被用于农业，鸟类觅食的天然湿地也在消失。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the natural wetlands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dylan Allman, aged 18, recently received an award for his work to protect hedgehogs (刺猬). The award ___18___ (go) to inspiring people who make changes in their community. Allman’s mission started four years ago ___19___ he became interested in the number of hedgehogs in his garden. Earlier this year, he launched a program, in which a team of volunteers rescued injured hedgehogs in parts of Wales. Allman also visited schools to teach people about hedgehogs and raised money ___20___ (support) animal rescue centers. 【答案】18. goes 19. when 20. to support 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Dylan Allman因保护刺猬获得奖项，Allman四年前启动保护项目，救援受伤刺猬，普及知识并筹款支持动物救助中心。 【18题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该奖项颁给那些在他们的社区中做出改变的鼓舞人心的人们。根据句中make可知，句子使用一般现在时，go与主语The award之间是主动关系，且主语The award是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Allman的任务始于四年前，当时他开始对花园里刺猬的数量感兴趣。空处引导限制性定语从句，描述four years ago这一时间发生的事件，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Allman还参观了学校，向人们传授刺猬的知识，并筹集资金支持动物救援中心。句中已有谓语visited和raised，空处作非谓语动词，且Allman筹集资金是为了支持动物救援中心，空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to support。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2024 Harvard Winter Program in Shanghai, China The city of Shanghai has brought together diverse peoples, cultures, and economies from various parts of China and around the world. Blending cultural studies with social sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Program in Shanghai, China will help you understand the city. Program dates: November 8, 2024 to December 21, 2024 Apply by: August 25, 2024 Program Structure This six-week program includes two courses on Shanghai’s cultural history and economic development experiences. You start each week with two days of seminars (研讨会) designed to let you see Shanghai differently. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, the group moves to a field site for a hands-on research practicum (实践操作课) in companies, government offices, and communities. Over the weekend, you try your own hands at exploring the city and its economy, working on creative projects and/or research papers, with a flexible final project format that accommodates student priorities. The program counts as two semester-long courses of degree credit (学分), 4 credits each. Both program courses can count towards East Asian Studies credit. Accommodations You will live in an on-campus hotel in one of China’s most distinguished academic institutions. Hotel services include wi-fi, daily housekeeping, safe for storage of valuables, cafeteria and gym. Apart from all the practical conveniences of a student district, the campus also offers library access and will be an ideal base for your creative and research projects. Application To apply, you must: •Be at least 18 years old •Have completed at least one year of college •Be in good academic standing Students enrolled at any university are welcome to apply. The Winter 2024 application will be available in early July. Each program has unique requirements included in the online application. Beginning your application early is the best way to ensure that you have sufficient time to review and complete the application requirements by the deadline. If you have questions about the application, please contact the Harvard Study Abroad Office by email at winterabroad@winter.harvard.edu. 21. If you take 2024 Harvard Winter Program, you _________. A. will live in a hotel near Harvard campus B. will spend twelve days in total on seminars C. can get 4 credits towards East Asian Studies D. must complete a research paper for a project 22. If you want to apply for this program, you must _________. A. be a high school senior B. have received hands-on training C. have work experience in companies D. finish no less than one year of college 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To stress the value of taking a winter program. B. To attract more people to apply for a winter program. C. To share a memorable experience at Harvard University. D. To introduce requirements for a final project at Harvard University. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Program Structure部分“This six-week program includes two courses on Shanghai’s cultural history and economic development experiences. You start each week with two days of seminars (研讨会) designed to let you see Shanghai differently.(这个为期六周的课程包括两门关于上海文化史和经济发展经验的课程。你每周都会参加为期两天的研讨会，让你以不同的方式看待上海)”可知，如果你参加2024年哈佛冬季项目，你将在六周时间内每周参加为期两天的研讨会，即你将总计花12天时间参加研讨会。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Application部分“Have completed at least one year of college (已完成至少一年的大学教育)”可知，如果你想申请这个项目，你必须至少完成了一年的大学教育。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Blending cultural studies with social sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Program in Shanghai, China will help you understand the city.(将文化研究与社会科学相结合，中国上海2024年哈佛冬季项目将帮助您了解这座城市)”、倒数第二段“The Winter 2024 application will be available in early July. Each program has unique requirements included in the online application. Beginning your application early is the best way to ensure that you have sufficient time to review and complete the application requirements by the deadline.(2024年冬季应用程序将于7月初推出。在线申请中包含的每个程序都有独特的要求。尽早开始申请是确保您有足够时间在截止日期前审查和完成申请要求的最佳方式)”以及文章内容可知，本文详细介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的日期、申请要求、课程结构、住宿信息等相关信息，其目的是吸引更多人申请参加该项目。故选B。 B “A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made to feel this way almost every day in school. By high school, T. J. was the most celebrated troublemaker in his town. He was always impolite, didn’t answer questions and got into lots of fights. I met T. J. for the first time at a weekend leadership program. At the start of the program, T. J. was literally standing outside the circle of students with that “go ahead, impress me” look on his face. The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of positive and negative things that occurred at school that year. T. J. had brilliant thoughts on those situations. The other students in T. J.’s group welcomed his comments. All of a sudden T. J. felt like a part of the group, and before long he was being treated like a leader. The next following days, T. J. was very active in all the sessions. Later he joined the Homeless Project team. He knew something about poverty, hunger and hopelessness. The other students on the team were impressed with his passionate concern and ideas. By the end of the program, the students elected T. J. co-chairman of the team. Many people couldn’t believe that the principal (校长) would allow this crucial beginning to a three-year action plan to stay in the incapable hands of T. J. Ware. Two weeks later, T. J. and his friends led a group of 70 students in a drive to collect food. They collected a school record: 2, 854 cans of food in just two hours. As the local newspaper covered the event with a full-page article, T. J. started showing up at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. Later, he led a second project, yielding 9,000 cans of food in one day and taking care of 70 percent of the needed food for the homeless shelter for one year. T. J. reminds us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending. But once it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. got a job. He became productive. He is flying quite nicely these days. 24. At first, what was T. J. known for in the town? A. Misbehavior and rudeness. B. Popularity in his group. C. Poor academic performance. D. Activeness in class discussion. 25. What changed T. J.’s attitude towards the program? A. Getting support from the principal. B. Joining the Homeless Project team. C. Being the co-chairman of the team. D. Gaining group members’ recognition. 26. What can be learnt from the story? A. Like teacher, like pupil. B. Never fish in troubled water. C. Do not judge a book by its cover. D. Birds of a feather flock together. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经的问题少年T.J. Ware在一次领导力培训中发生改变，发挥领导才能，最终带领团队创纪录地募集食物，证明了给予机会和支持能让人展现出惊人的潜力和积极改变。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“By high school, T. J. was the most celebrated troublemaker in his town. He was always impolite, didn’t answer questions and got into lots of fights.(到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”可知，起初，T. J.在镇上总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架，以行为不端和粗鲁无礼而出名。故选A项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of positive and negative things that occurred at school that year. T. J. had brilliant thoughts on those situations. The other students in T. J.’s group welcomed his comments. All of a sudden T. J. felt like a part of the group, and before long he was being treated like a leader.(当这些小组开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时，冰真地融化了。T.J.对这些情况有很好的想法。T.J.小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。突然间，T.J.觉得自己是团队的一员，不久之后，他就被当作领导者对待了)”可知，当小组的其他成员欢迎他的评论时，T. J. 感觉自己成为团队的一员，即获得小组成员的认可使得T. J.对项目的态度发生转变。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段““A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made to feel this way almost every day in school. By high school, T. J. was the most celebrated troublemaker in his town. He was always impolite, didn’t answer questions and got into lots of fights.(“折断翅膀鸟永远不会飞得那么高。”我敢肯定，T.J.Ware在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”、最后一段“T. J. reminds us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending. But once it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. got a job. He became productive.(T.J.提醒我们，折断翅膀的鸟只需要修理。但一旦它痊愈了，它就能飞得比其他动物高。T.J.找到了一份工作。他变得富有成效)”以及文章内容可知，起初，T. J.被视为问题学生，但通过领导力项目，他展现了自己的潜力和能力，最终做出了显著的贡献，T. J.的故事告诉我们不要仅凭外表或表面行为来评判一个人，这体现了“不要以貌取人”的道理。故选C项。 C For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether “brain workouts” such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging. Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症). While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition. The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment. By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes. Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players. The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit. “Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. “So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles.” People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword, which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game. The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. 27. What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Prevent. C. Experience. D. Cause. 28. Paragraph 4 is written to_________. A. show a concerning condition B. compare different groups C. present real-life examples D. prove an assumption 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is. B. Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people. C. The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved. D. Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is. 30. What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive? A. The lack of variables. B. The weaknesses of assessments. C. The insufficiency of time span. D. The subjects' preference for games. 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究发现，定期尝试填字游戏可能有助于减缓一些轻度认知障碍患者的衰退。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (这项研究给那些被诊断患有轻度认知障碍的人带来了希望)”由此可推知下文they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory意思是“他们可能能够避免记忆力、语言问题和决策能力的进一步下降”，可知stave off意思是阻止，预防，和prevent同义，故选B。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. (美国神经病学学会(American Academy of Neurology)估计，在65岁至69岁的人群中，约有8%的人患有轻度认知障碍；70 - 74岁的人占10%；15%的人年龄在75到79岁之间；年龄在80到84岁之间的人占25%；大约37%的85岁及以上的人。)”和第五段“The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. (这项研究由美国国家老龄研究所(National Institute on Aging)资助，招募了107名年龄在55岁至95岁之间、患有轻度认知障碍的成年人。)”可推知写第四段是为了说明研究对象的相关情况，故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. (“我们的研究表明，在轻度认知障碍的人群中，填字游戏在多个指标上都胜过电脑游戏，”该研究的合著者穆拉利·多雷斯瓦米(Murali Doraiswamy)说。)”可推知填字游戏的效果与认知障碍的严重程度有关。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. (Doraiswamy说，还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”。)”可知还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”，也就是时间不足，故选C。 D A Perspective article published in Nature this week says that AI systems pose a further risk: that researchers envision such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity, productivity and understanding complex concepts. Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now, while AI applications are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much more difficult to address if AI tools become deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write co-authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett. In this article, Messeri and Crockett put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities. In one ‘vision’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and so survey the scientific literature more exhaustively than people can. In both Oracle and another vision, called AI as Arbiter, systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people, because they are less likely to cherry-pick the literature to support a desired hypothesis or to show favouritism in peer review. In a third vision, AI as Quant, AI tools seem to surpass the limits of the human mind in analyzing vast and complex data. In the fourth, AI as Surrogate, AI tools simulate (模拟) data that are too difficult or complex to obtain. Informed by anthropology and cognitive science, Messeri and Crockett predict risks that arise from these visions. One is the illusion of explanatory depth, in which people relying on another person — or, in this case, an algorithm — for knowledge have a tendency to mistake that knowledge for their own and think their understanding is deeper than it actually is. Another risk is that research becomes skewed towards studying the kinds of thing that AI systems can test — the researchers call this the illusion of exploratory breadth. For example, in social science, the vision of AI as Surrogate could encourage experiments involving human behaviors that can be simulated by an AI — and discourage those on behaviors that cannot, such as anything that requires being embodied physically. There’s also the illusion of objectivity, in which researchers see AI systems as representing all possible viewpoints or not having a viewpoint. In fact, these tools reflect only the viewpoints found in the data they have been trained on, and are known to adopt the biases (偏见) found in those data. “There’s a risk that we forget that there are certain questions we just can’t answer about human beings using AI tools,” says Crockett. The illusion of objectivity is particularly worrying given the benefits of including diverse viewpoints in research. If you’re a scientist planning to use AI, you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies. One is to map your proposed use to one of the visions, and consider which traps you are most likely to fall into. Another approach is to be deliberate about how you use AI. Deploying AI tools to save time on something your team already has expertise in is less risky than using them to provide expertise you just don’t have, says Crockett. 31. According to Paragraph 2, which might scientists agree with? A. Human intelligence can’t be overshadowed in analyzing data. B. Prejudice has been ruled out by AI tools in scientific evaluation. C. Studies with desired hypothesis are usually favored in peer review. D. AI can conduct a relatively thorough overview of the prior research. 32. What does the underlined word “skewed” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Declining. B. Partial. C. Dynamic. D. Irrelevant. 33 What can we learn from this passage? A. Relying on AI to fill gaps in the team’s knowledge is much preferable. B. AI isn’t limited to the outlook and biases present within its training data. C. Instant actions must be taken to rate AI’s risks before it is fully integrated into research. D. Users counting heavily on AI tend to underestimate their insight of a concept. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. A Call for Considered Use of AI in Science B. The Unseen Biases of AI in Social Science C. AI’s Role in Enhancing Human Expertise D. How AI Is Shaping Scientific Discovery 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人工智能在科学研究中的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能超人能力的错觉，以及由此产生的研究偏向和客观性幻象。作者呼吁科学家人工智能工具尚处于初级阶段时评估并应对这些风险，提出通过识别使用人工智能的潜在陷阱和有意识地应用人工智能来减少危险的策略。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In one ‘vision’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and so survey the scientific literature more exhaustively than people can. (在一个“愿景”中，他们将人工智能称为甲骨文，研究人员认为人工智能工具能够不知疲倦地阅读和消化科学论文，因此比人类更详尽地调查科学文献。)”以及“In a third vision, AI as Quant, AI tools seem to surpass the limits of the human mind in analyzing vast and complex data. In the fourth, AI as Surrogate, AI tools simulate (模拟) data that are too difficult or complex to obtain. (在第三种愿景中，AI as Quant，人工智能工具在分析庞大而复杂的数据方面似乎超越了人类思维的极限。在第四个中，人工智能作为替代物，人工智能工具模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据。)”可知，人工智能工具可以更详尽地调查科学文献，分析庞大而复杂的数据，并模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据，由此可推知，科学家可能同意的观点是人工智能能够对先前的研究进行相对全面的概述。故选D项。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Another risk is that research becomes skewed towards studying the kinds of thing that AI systems can test—the researchers call this the illusion of exploratory breadth. (另一个风险是，研究对于研究人工智能系统可以测试的东西变得skewed——研究人员称之为探索广度的错觉。)”可知，研究可能会偏向于人工智能系统能够测试的类型的事物，推测划线单词表示“偏向的”，与Partial意义相近。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now, while AI applications are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much more difficult to address if AI tools become deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write co-authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Molly Crockett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”。)”可知，在人工智能完全融入研究之前，必须立即采取行动对其风险进行评估。故选C项。 34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now, while AI applications are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much more difficult to address if AI tools become deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write co-authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Molly Crockett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”)”、最后一段“If you’re a scientist planning to use AI, you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies. One is to map your proposed use to one of the visions, and consider which traps you are most likely to fall into. Another approach is to be deliberate about how you use AI. Deploying AI tools to save time on something your team already has expertise in is less risky than using them to provide expertise you just don’t have, says Crockett. (如果你是一名计划使用人工智能的科学家，你可以通过多种策略来减少这些危险。一种是将你提议的用途映射到其中一个愿景，并考虑你最有可能陷入哪些陷阱。另一种方法是慎重考虑如何使用人工智能。Crockett说，部署人工智能工具来节省团队已经拥有的专业知识的时间，比使用它们来提供你没有的专业知识风险更小。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在科学领域的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能能力的过度信任，以及这种信任可能导致的误解和偏斜，呼吁科学家在人工智能工具尚未完全融入研究流程之前，对其潜在风险进行评估，所以“呼吁在科学中经过慎重考虑使用人工智能”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How objective are you? How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another. ___35___ Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret. Our ability to be objective depends on our willingness to question our mental models, the lens through which we perceive, interpret and respond to our world. If our mental models are incorrect, then our understanding of what is going on and our response to it, are often incorrect. ___36___ The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world. ___37___ One of the most powerful mental model transformation catalysts (催化剂) is new knowledge or logic that challenge old ways of thinking. ___38___ They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful. To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us. ___39___ It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place. At that moment, a set of new connections is created in the brain. It’s these new connections that have the potential to enhance our mental resources to help us transform limiting mental models. A. We can actually learn to think smarter! B. An objective leader must judge and treat people fairly. C. This requires that we be open to new knowledge and reasoning. D. The key is to accept a problem as it occurs and not take it personally. E. This is why we sometimes misjudge situations and take things personally. F. As we have seen, mental models are deep — rooted beliefs we tend to hold onto. G. The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend to be less objective. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了压力下人们易受既有观念影响，导致判断失准，建议通过挑战旧思维模式，学习新知识，重塑神经网络路径，以提升客观性与智慧，实现更公正的决策和反应。 【35题详解】 上文“How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another.(你多久会对情况反应过度，把事情个人化或不公平地评判别人？我们都会在某个时候这样做)”说明我们都会在某个时候不太客观地做事情，G项“挑战在于，当我们面临压力时，我们往往不那么客观。”承接上文内容，并引出下文“Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力)”，说明压力会影响我们客观判断的能力，G项承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 【36题详解】 上文“Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力。此外，我们对成功的渴望往往如此强烈，以至于在这种激烈的环境下，我们的限制性思维模式往往会阻碍我们，造成更大的压力，并导致我们做出可能后悔的反应)”说明影响我们客观判断的能力的原因包含压力和对成功的渴望，E项“这就是为什么我们有时会误判情况，把事情个人化。”承接上文，进一步说明上文原因可能导致的结果，符合题意。故选E。 【37题详解】 上文“The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world.(好消息是，通过练习，我们可以中断我们的自动反应，并选择不同的反应。每次我们这样做，我们都在通过基于新模型创建新的路径来重新连接我们的神经网络：感知和应对世界的新方式)”说明通过练习，我们可以创建新的路径重新连接我们的神经网络，以新的方式感知和应对世界，A项“我们实际上可以学会更聪明地思考！”进一步说明实际上，我们可以做到更聪明地思考，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 【38题详解】 下文“They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful.(它们通常和伴随我们一段时间，所以我们倾向于信任它们。对于我们大多数人来说，我们从未被教导过心理模型以及如何评估它们以确定它们是有益的还是有害的)”说明我们会倾向于相信伴随我们一段时间的心理模型，下文中的They指代F项中的mental models，F项“正如我们所看到的，心理模型是我们倾向于坚持的根深蒂固的信念。”说明心理模型的概念，引出下文，符合题意。故选F。 【39题详解】 上文“To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us.(要转变效果不佳的思维模式，我们必须改变我们的思维方式！我们必须通过自己的逻辑和理性来决定，我们看待世界的方式是否对我们不再有效)”说明我们应该改变自己的思维方式，C项“这要求我们对新知识和推理持开放态度。”给出具体的做法，并引出下文“It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place.(正是在这种新知识之后，才发生了转变)”，说明采取具体做法之后会发生的变化，C项承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分） 第一节（共12小题; 共12分） 阅读下面文段, 在设空处填入恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. With the progress of new medical research, I’m _____________ that people like me would be able to walk again one day. （根据句意填空） 【答案】convinced 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着新的医学研究的进展，我相信像我这样的人总有一天能够再次行走。根据句意可知应填形容词convinced，作表语。故填convinced。 41. With strong support from the government and the tireless _____________ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】efforts 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在政府的大力支持和唐山市民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山市从废墟中崛起了。空处应填名词作介词With的宾语，结合句意及“of the city’s people”可知，此处指“唐山市民的不懈努力”，effort“努力”，可数名词，此处使用复数形式，故填efforts。 42. Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all _____________ —thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks! （用适当的词填空） 【答案】disappeared 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，不久之后，问题出现了，“白色自行车”都消失了——小偷在几周内就把它们全部偷走了！根据句中thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks可知，这种白色自行车被偷走，消失了，空处应用动词disappear，根据句中came和stole可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填disappeared。 43. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the __________ of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. (根据句意填空) 【答案】spread 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：直到1961年去世，梅一直在表演和鼓励京剧传播近60年。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“传播”，为spread，它在句子中为不可数名词，故填spread。 44. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more________ this balance.(根据句意填空) 【答案】options for managing 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：当然，仍然存在环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可能有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。根据上文中的“随着技术的进步”，we may have more可知，此处应该为名词复数，结合句意可知，此处为“管理这些平衡的选择”应为options for managing this balance。故填options for managing。 45. Bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the _____________ of exercise in cities. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】benefits 【解析】 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并在城市中享受锻炼的好处。根据句中save energy, reduce air and noise pollution可知，本句介绍共享单车的优点，此处表示享受锻炼的好处，应用名词benefit，表示“益处，好处”，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指，作动词enjoy的宾语。故填benefits。 46. When acquiring new knowledge, I’ll try to make _____________ with what I have already learnt. （根据句意单词拼写） 【答案】connections 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在学习新知识时，我会尝试将所学知识联系起来。分析句意和句式结构可知，此处用名词connection作宾语表示“联系”，因为空格前无冠词，所以用名词复数形式构成固定短语make connections with表示“与……建立联系”。故填connections。 47. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment_____________.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】deserves 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让我感到自豪的是，我们修建了“不可能”的铁路，而且也兼顾了保护环境。根据句意可知，句子可理解为“环境应该受到关爱”，空格处意为“应受”，是deserve，句子描述经常性，习惯性的动作，时态用一般现在时，主语environment是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填deserves。 48. Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her _____________ to the new environment. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】adaptation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，寄宿家庭可以帮助她适应新的文化。设空处作介词with的宾语，因此需填入adapt的名词adaptation“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adaptation。 49. The organization is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm _____________, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】foundation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个组织被称为“根与芽”，因为根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙到达阳光下。空处由不定冠词a和形容词firm修饰，应用可数名词的单数形式，作动词make的宾语，根据句中roots move slowly under the ground可知，根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，所以空处应用名词foundation。故填foundation。 50. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in _____________ with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. (根据句意填空) 【答案】harmony 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式，创造了这些梯田并种植了水稻。what is most significant作为主语，the way作表语，in which people have worked in _____with nature是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way。空格处需要填入的词应与nature搭配，作in宾语，表示人们与自然的关系。根据句意和语境，名词harmony“和谐，融洽”符合语境，in harmony with表示“与……和谐相处”。故填harmony。 51. _____________ with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Cooperating 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界。根据句中view the world from different angles可知，此处表示与来自不同文化背景的人合作，空处应用动词cooperate，使用动名词形式作句子主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Cooperating。 第二节（20分） 52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为“用英语讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。 习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数100左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Spirit of Qian Xuesen: A Beacon of Chinese Ingenuity Qian Xuesen, a towering figure in aerospace engineering, epitomizes China’s resilience and dedication to scientific advancement. After he had overcome numerous obstacles, including political tensions, he returned to China in 1955, committed to developing the nation’s space program. His pioneering work laid the foundation for China’s successful launch of rockets and satellites, transforming the country into a major player in space exploration. Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a nation that values education, perseverance, and innovation. His story inspires millions, showcasing China’s capacity to nurture talent and achieve remarkable feats in science and technology. Through his life and achievements, Qian exemplifies the spirit of modern China—a country that honors its past while reaching for the stars. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因，投稿参加学校公众号英语栏目的征文活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 杰出的：towering→outstanding 致力于：committed to→devoted to 重视：value→attach importance to 激励：inspire→motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His pioneering work laid the foundation for China’s successful launch of rockets and satellites, transforming the country into a major player in space exploration. 拓展句：His pioneering work laid the foundation for China’s successful launch of rockets and satellites, which transformed the country into a major player in space exploration. 【点睛】【高分句型1】After he had overcome numerous obstacles, including political tensions, he returned to China in 1955, committed to developing the nation’s space program.(运用了After引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a nation that values education, perseverance, and innovation. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$