Day 19 动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全（全国通用版)

Day 19动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化精讲精练 动词是英语句子的灵魂，其也一直是学习以及考试中的重难点，变化较多。其中动词的过去式以及过去分词的不规则变化就是一个需要攻克的难点。其不规则变化有以下几种类型： I.【AAA型】 原形 过去式 过去分词 bet 打赌 bet bet broadcast广播 broadcast broadcast burst 爆炸 burst burst cast 投、掷 cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut forecast 预报 forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put quit 停止 quit/quitted quit/quitted read read read rid 摆脱、消除 rid rid set set set shut shut shut spit 吐痰 spit/spat spit/spat split 分裂、分开 split split spread spread spread sweat 出汗 sweat/sweated sweat/sweated upset upset upset wed wed/wedded wed/wedded wet wet/wetted wet/wetted II.【AAB型】 原形 过去式 过去分词 beat beat beaten III.【ABA型】 原形 过去式 过去分词 come came come become became become overcome overcame overcome run ran run IV.【ABB型】 (1)在原形动词后面加字母－ed或字母－d或字母－t构成过去式、过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 bless 祝福 blessed blessed hear heard heard burn burnt/burned burnt/burned learn learnt/learned learnt/learned dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed mean meant meant lean leant/leaned leant/leaned leap 跳跃 leapt/leaped leapt/leaped spoil 宠溺 spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled deal dealt dealt lie 说谎 lied lied (2)把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t 原形 过去式 过去分词 build built built rebuild rebuilt rebuilt lend lent lent send sent sent spend spent spent bend 弯腰 bent bent (3)原形动词中有a则改为aught，无a则改为ought 原形 过去式 过去分词 catch caught caught teach taught taught buy bought bought bring brought brought fight fought fought seek 寻找 sought sought think thought thought (4)把－eel、－ell改成－elt 原形 过去式 过去分词 feel felt felt kneel 跪下 knelt knelt smell smelt smelt spell spelt spelt (5)去掉一个e或去掉一个a或去掉一个o 原形 过去式 过去分词 feed fed fed meet met met speed sped/speeded sped/speeded bleed 流血 bled bled breed 哺育 bred bred lead led led mislead 误导 misled misled shoot shot shot (6)改变元音字母(a或i变为u；i或e变为o) 原形 过去式 过去分词 dig 挖 dug dug hang 悬挂 hung hung stick stuck stuck sting stung stung Swing 摇荡 swung swung shine shone shone win won won get got got/gotten (7)－eep变为－ept 原形 过去式 过去分词 keep kept kept sleep slept slept oversleep overslept overslept creep 匍匐 crept crept weep 擦、抹 wept wept sweep 打扫 swept swept (8)－ay变为－aid，－ell变为－old，－and变为－ood，－ind变为－ound 原形 过去式 过去分词 pay paid paid repay repaid repaid lay 下蛋、产卵 laid laid say said said sell sold sold tell told told retell retold retold foretell 预言 foretold foretold stand stood stood understand understood understood misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood find found found (9)其他 原形 过去式 过去分词 have had had leave left left light 点亮 lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made slide slid slid spill 洒出、溢出 spilled/spilt spilled/spilt V.【ABC型】 (1)原形动词后加－n或－en构成过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 draw drew drawn withdraw 提取、退出 withdrew withdrawn sew sewed sewn/sewed show showed shown take took taken overtake overtook overtaken mistake mistook mistaken undertake undertook undertaken shave shaved shaven/shaved saw sawed sawn/sawed sow sowed sown/sowed shake shook shaken see saw seen foresee foresaw foreseen eat ate eaten fall fell fallen give gave given forgive forgave forgiven drive drove driven rise rose risen arise arose arisen ride rode ridden write wrote written forbid 禁止 forbade forbidden (2)过去式加－n或－en构成过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 break broke broken speak spoke spoken freeze froze frozen wake woke woken weave wove woven awake awoke awoken choose chose chosen steal stole stolen forget forgot forgotten hide hid hidden (3)ow－ew－own型 原形 过去式 过去分词 blow 吹 blew blown grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown overthrow 打翻、摒弃 overthrew overthrown (4)i－a－u型 原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun shrink 缩水、缩小 shrank/shrunk shrunk drink drank drunk ring rang rung sink sank sunk sing sang sung swim swam swum spring 跳、弹开 sprang/sprung sprung (5)ear－ore－orn 原形 过去式 过去分词 bear 承担、忍受 bore born tear 撕毁 tore torn wear wore worn Swear 发誓 swore sworn (6)其他 原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am，is) was been be(are) were been do did done go went gone lie 平躺 lay lain fly flew flown 专项训练 一、语法填空 1．“Merci” was the only French word that I__________(master) when travelling in Paris. 2．This is the first time that many students __________ (read) so many English passages in the newspaper. 3．Nowadays family members are often found__________(bury) in their own smartphones. 4．Tom has __________ (take) to getting up at 6 and going jogging. 5．With his attention __________ (focus) on his games, he didn’t notice his mother coming into the study with a cup of water in her hands. 6．__________ (trap) in the building, the young man felt very helpless. 7．__________ (compare) with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. 8．__________ (locate) in the south of China, Guangdong Province has a long history. 9．__________(base) on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw amusing films and tasted delicious foods. 10．I remember seeing a family__________ (rescue) by the team. 11．The director, __________ (impress) by his performance, decided to have a talk with him. 12．__________ (inspire) , Whitacre asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. 13．__________ (write) in a hurry, his homework was difficult to recognise, which can account for his low grade. 14．She stood there with her arms __________ (fold ), looking very angry. 15．__________ (give) one more time, Mr Keating is willing to inspire students’ talents and potentials. 16．Is this the young boy who saved several other students __________ (trap)under buildings? 17．People __________ (addict) to smartphones are more likely to lose. 18．We attended a dinner party __________ (host) by the president of the company. 19．It is no use crying over __________ (spill) milk; instead, it is wiser to learn from the experience, adapt, and focus on prevent similar mishaps in the future. 20．With colorful lights __________ (attach) to the windows, the house was ready for the festive atmosphere of the New Year’s Eve celebration. 21．With her eyes __________(fix) on the blackboard, Kate was absorbed in class. ( 22．As__________ (schedule), the music festival will be held on the playground from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. next Sunday. 23．The trees __________ (blow) down in last night’s storm have been moved off the road. ( 24．The letter,__________(write) in elegant handwriting, was a pleasure to read. 25．The number of villagers __________ (affect) by the typhoon reached half a million. 26．__________ (absorb) in painting, the children didn’t notice evening approaching. 27．__________ (strike) by the beauty of Mount Tai, we decided to stay another day. 28．__________ (bury) in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world. 29．He sat there, with his attention __________ (concentrate) on his book. 二、单词拼写 30．The fire badly__________ (破坏，损害) the town hall. 31．Heavy rainfalls __________ (淹没) the village. 32．His father has just r __________ (恢复) from heart surgery. 33． __________(批评) by the teacher, now he seldom let off steam on his teammates any more. 34．When it comes to protecting the environment, we should try to have the old items __________(再回收). 35．__________ (咬) by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp immediately. 36．Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery__________(充电). 37．You'd better get the battery c__________ before it runs out. 38．__________ (受到启发) by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater. 39．__________ (环绕) by green mountains, the small village attracts many tourists every year. 三、完成句子 40．我的体重增加到了78公斤。 My weight has ____________________ kilos. 41．自从新的政策实施以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes _____________________in my hometown since the new policy was carried out. 42．毕业后，他任教了多年。 He _________________________ for many years since he graduated from university. 43．我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。 I was amazed that he’d______________________ such a sweet idea. 44．让大家感到宽慰的是，警方抓住了设法挣脱警卫的犯人。 To everyone's __________ , the police managed to catch the prisoner who had____________________their guards. 45．The book __________________ (提到) by the psychologist can teach you how to find what is causing pressure in your life. 46．With all the work____________________ (finish), they hurried back home for lunch. 所有的工作都做完了，他们匆忙赶回家吃午饭。 四、翻译 47．After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived. _______________________________________________________________________________ 48．年轻时养成的好习惯使人受益终身。_______________________________________________________________________________ 49．当他苏醒过来，他发现自己被一群猎人包围着。 （surround；过去分词）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 50．受到老师的鼓励，她决定参加书法比赛。(动词过去分词形式；the calligraphy competition) _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．mastered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：“Merci”是我在巴黎旅行时唯一掌握的法语单词。空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，结合“when travelling in Paris”可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填mastered。 2．have read 【详解】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：这是许多学生第一次在报纸上读到这么多的英文文章。This is the first time+that从句，从句中用现在完成时。主语为many students所有助动词用have，故填have read。 3．buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，家庭成员常常发现自己沉迷于各自的智能手机中。“be buried in”这是一个固定搭配，表示“专心于，沉浸在……之中”，空处需要非谓语动词作主语补足语，所以去掉be，剩下过去分词作主补。故填buried。 4．taken 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆养成了6点起床慢跑的习惯。动词短语take to意为“开始养成（某种习惯）”，和主语Tom之间是主动关系，空前有has，时态为现在完成时，take应用过去分词的形式。故填taken。 5．focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的注意力集中在游戏上，他没有注意到他的妈妈手里拿着一杯水走进书房。With复合结构中，空处动词作非谓语，his attention和focus为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填focused。 6．Trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在大楼里，这个年轻人感到非常无助。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词。the young man与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，故填Trapped。 7．Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与之前的研究相比，她觉得这次的分解速度令人兴奋。空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语she之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填Compared。 8．Located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：广东省位于中国南方，历史悠久。be located in意为“位于”，为固定搭配。本句的谓语是has，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语Guangdong Province和locate之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作状语。故填Located。 9．Based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据评分，我买了我心爱的背包，看了有趣的电影，品尝了美味的食物。固定短语be based on意为“基于，根据”，因此用base的过去分词形式，作评注性状语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Based。 10．rescued 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得看到一家人被救援队救了。a family与rescue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，设空处应填过去分词做宾补，rescue过去分词为rescued。故填rescued。 11．impressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：导演对他的表演印象深刻，决定和他谈一谈。该句的谓语是decided，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词impress与其逻辑主语The director之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填impressed。 12．Inspired 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受到启发，Whitacre让他的粉丝们制作视频，然后他一起进行了一场表演。本句已有谓语asked，设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填Inspired。 13．Written 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他的作业写得很匆忙，很难辨认，这可以解释他成绩低的原因。空处为非谓语动词，his homework 与write为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Written。 14．folded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她抱着胳膊站在那里，看上去很生气。在with的复合结构中，动词fold意为“交叉”，和逻辑主语her arms构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式。故填folded。 15．Given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：再给一次机会，基汀老师愿意激发学生的才能和潜力。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，give“给予”和Mr Keating逻辑上是被动关系，应用give的过去分词形式，作条件状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Given。 16．trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是那个拯救其他几名学生在建筑物下被困的小男孩吗？分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作the young boy的定语，使用非谓语动词。the young boy与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，故填trapped。 17．addicted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉迷于智能手机的人更容易失败。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰people，be addicted to固定搭配，意为“沉迷于”，addict和people是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填addicted。 18．hosted 【详解】考查非谓语。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语， a dinner party与host为逻辑被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词形式作定语。故填hosted。 19．spilt 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：覆水难收；相反，更明智的做法是从经历中学习，适应并专注于防止未来发生类似的事故。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词milk，spill和milk之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词spilt。故填spilt。 20．attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：窗户上挂着五颜六色的灯，房子已经为除夕庆祝活动的节日气氛做好了准备。此处是with的复合结构，动词attach和宾语lights是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填attached。 21．fixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯特全神贯注地上课，眼睛盯着黑板。with复合结构，此处非谓语动词fix与宾语her eyes为逻辑被动关系，fix用过去分词形式作宾补。故填fixed。 22．scheduled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：按计划，音乐节将于下周日下午5点至8点在操场举行。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语music festival与schedule构成被动关系，空处用过去分词scheduled，as scheduled译为：按计划。故填scheduled。 23．blown 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在昨晚的暴风雨中被吹倒的树木已被移离道路。空处应填非谓语动词，主语The trees 与blow之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作后置定语。故填blown。 24．written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这封信笔迹优美，读起来令人愉快。此处write与letter构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。 25．affected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受台风影响的村民人数达到50万。本句谓语为reached，此处为非谓语动词，且villagers与affect“影响”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填affected。   26．Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们全神贯注地画画，没有注意到夜晚即将来临。设空处用作句子的状语，动词absorb和主语the children之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，表示的意思是“全神贯注于”。位于句首首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 27．Struck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被泰山的美景所震撼，我们决定多待一天。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Struck。 28．Buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他埋头学习，对外面的世界一无所知。此处使用非谓语动词，he和bury为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Buried。 29．concentrated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那里，全神贯注地看书。此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，固定短语concentrate one’s attention on表示“集中注意力于”，concentrate和his attention逻辑上是被动关系，应用concentrate过去分词形式。故填concentrated。 30．damaged 【详解】考查动词。句意：大火严重烧毁了市政厅。此处为谓语动词，表示“损坏”应为damage，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时。故填damaged。 31．flooded 【详解】考查时态。句意：大雨淹没了村庄。事情已发生，谓语动词flood (淹没)时态用一般过去时。故填flooded。 32．recovered/ecovered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的父亲刚刚从心脏手术中恢复过来。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填动词recover的适当形式，与空前的has构成现在完成时，应填recover的过去分词形式recovered。故填recovered。 33．Criticized/Criticised/Blamed 【详解】考查动词和过去分词。句意：由于受到老师的批评，他现在很少拿队友出气了。表示“批评”应用动词criticize/criticise/blame。空格处和谓语之间没有连词，根据“by the teacher”可知，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式作状语。句首首字母应大写。故填Criticized/Criticised/Blamed。 34．recycled 【详解】考查动词。句意：说到保护环境，我们应该尽量回收旧物品。根据汉语提示可知应用动词recycle，与items构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填recycled。 35．Bitten 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：苏珊被灌木丛中的蛇咬伤后，立即被送回了营地。此处应填动词，根据词义“咬”可知，为bite，它作为非谓语动词使用，Susan承受它的动作，因此使用过去分词bitten作状语，空格位于句首，故填Bitten。 36．charged 【详解】考查动词。句意：朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车充电。根据汉语提示可知应用动词charge，与battery构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填charged。 37．charged/harged 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：你最好在电池用完之前把它充满电。根据句意和首字母可知，空处动词为charge，the battery 与charge为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填charged。 38．Inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受海豚的启发，人们学会了如何在水下发送信号。“启发”inspire，句中谓语是have learnt，空格处用非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语people之间是被动关系，所以空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Inspired。 39．Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小村庄被青山环绕，每年吸引许多游客。 根据汉语提示“环绕”可知，此处使用动词surround，与主语the small village是被动关系，用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。 40．increased to seventy-eight 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“增加”用increase，此处使用过去分词与前文构成现在完成时。表示“增加到78公斤”用increase to seventy-eight kilos。故填increased to seventy-eight。 41．have taken place 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“发生”是take place，since表示自从，常与现在完成时搭配。take place无被动，主语是Great changes，所以构成现在完成时要用助动词have，故填have taken place。 42．has been teaching/ a teacher 【详解】考查时态、名词。表示“教”用动词teach，根据句意和句中“for many years since he graduated from university”可知，teach这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子时态应用现在完成进行时have/has been doing，又因主语He是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。或者用teacher表示“教师”，此处泛指“一名教师”，且teacher以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a；表示持续到现在的状态，句子时态用现在完成时，谓语用has been，表语用a teacher。故填：has been teaching/ a teacher。 43．come up with 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“想出”，是固定短语come up with，由he’d可知，that从句中的时态是过去完成时，因此空格处的动词用过去分词，因此空格处是come up with。故填come up with。 44． relief/comfort broken away from/struggled free from 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。第一空表示“宽慰”应用名词relief或comfort；第二空表示“挣脱”短语为break away from或struggle free from，根据had可知为过去完成时。故填①relief/comfort；②broken away from/struggled free from。 45．referred to/mentioned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家提到的这本书可以教你如何找到生活中造成压力的原因。分析句子结构可知，此处为过去分词做后置定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“提到”应为动词短语refer to或动词mention，且与句子主语the book之间为被动关系。故填referred to或者mentioned。 46．finished 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据介词“With”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作宾补，与“all the work”之间为被动关系，表示“所有工作被做完了”，应用过去分词形式。故填finished。 47．在我脑海里一遍又一遍地描绘之后，这个重要的日子终于到来了。 【详解】考查从句和时态。本句为after引导的时间状语从句，pictur为“描绘”， over and over again为“一遍又一遍地”，在我脑海里为“ in my mind”作状语。the big day finally arrived为“这个重要的日子终于到来了”。故翻译为：在我脑海里一遍又一遍地描绘之后，这个重要的日子终于到来了。 48．Good habits formed at youth make all the difference. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句子描述现在的客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“好习惯”good habit，其中名词habit使用复数形式表示泛指，“年轻时养成的”form at youth，作后置定语修饰名词habits，form与habits之间是被动关系，使用过去分词形式作后置定语，“使人受益终身”即“让一切变得不同”，使用动词短语make all the difference，主语habits是复数，谓语动词使用原形形式。故翻译为Good habits formed at youth make all the difference. 49．When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a crowd of hunters. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和非谓语动词。“当他苏醒过来”是时间状语从句，用从属连词when引导，主语“他”用人称代词he表示，谓语“苏醒过来”用动词短语come to oneself，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，“他苏醒过来”表达为he came to himself；“他发现自己被一群猎人包围着”是主句，主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“发现”用动词find，用一般过去时态讲述过去的事情，宾语“自己”用反身代词himself，“被一群猎人包围着”作宾语补足语，用过去分词短语surrounded by a crowd of hunters表示，其中过去分词surrounded与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系。综上，全句译为：When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a crowd of hunters. 50．Inspired by the teacher, she has decided to take part in the calligraphy competition. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语和名词（短语）。“受到老师的鼓励”可看作是原因状语，用非谓语表示，“受到……的鼓励”可用过去分词短语inspired by，“老师”可用名词the teacher，动词inspire和teacher是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语；句子可视为描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态宜用现在完成时，主语“她”用代词she，“决定做某事”可用动词短语decide to do sth.，“参加”可用动词短语take part in，“书法比赛”应用名词短语the calligraphy competition。故可译为：Inspired by the teacher, she has decided to take part in the calligraphy competition. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$