内容正文:
2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
专题10 过去分词(讲义)
目录
01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
考点一 过去分词作状语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
考点二 过去分词作定语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
考点三 过去分词作宾补------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
考点四 过去分词作表语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
专题10 过去分词(讲义)
01 考情分析
考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关过去分词的考向分布。
考点
题型
过去分词
语法填空
2024
试卷类型
过去分词
考点
2024·新高考II卷
inspired
过去分词作定语
2024年1月浙江高考真题
designed
过去分词作定语
2023
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷
recognized
过去分词作后置定语
2023·1月新高考浙江卷
surrounded
过去分词作定语
2023·全国乙卷
built
过去分词作定语
2023·全国甲卷
intended
去分词短语作定语
2022
2022·全国甲卷
held
过去分词作后置定语
2022·全国高考乙卷
shared
过去分词作定语
2021
2021新课标I
astonished
过去分词作宾补
2021新课标II卷
excited
过去分词作表语
2021浙江卷1月
studied
过去分词作定语
02 知识概览
03 必备知识
过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。
重难点知识:
考点1 过去分词作状语
【典例分析】
1. When (ask)for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
2. _____________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
【方法指导】
1.作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
3.过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
4.带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
5.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
【及时演练】
1【时间状语】
(2024·江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期12月阶段性检测)It is not only a code or a tool, but a language which gives light and guidance when _____ in a proper way. Classical Chinese has been the cultural backbone of all the great philosophies, spiritualities, and even arts not just in China but all over Asia.
2【条件状语】
Time, ______________(use) correctly, is money in the bank.
3.【江苏省扬州市调研】 _______(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features enable better more accurate services.
4.【江苏省泰州中学月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it_______(speak).
考点2 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.
【典例分析】
1.(2024·新高考II卷) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
4. [2019·上海卷]Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species ______ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
5.(浙江1月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
【方法指导】
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
【及时演练】
1.(2024·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体高三上学期期中联考)If you have the chance to return to ancient China and ask an educated man what his biggest dream was. He would tell you that he wants to become a zhuang yuan, a title _________ to the scholar who came first in the highest imperial examination.
2.(2023·江苏省镇江市调研)A folk music piece____ ____(title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.
考点3 过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
【典例分析】
1. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________________(wash).
【方法指导】
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
【及时演练】
1.(湖南省益阳市质量检测)With his accomplishments widely ________ (acknowledge), Zheng He is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
2.(天津高三二模)With her attention ________ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.to be fixed B.fix C.fixed D.fixing
3.(福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)The fireman told us the troubles they had ________the fire________ .
A.getting; controlled B.got; controlled C.got; to control D.getting; to control
考点4 过去分词作表语
作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
【典例分析】
1. (2020·浙江高三)The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _______and didn't know which one to choose.
A.confused B.to confuse
C.confusing D.to be confused
2. (2020·全国高三)While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A.promote B.promoted
C.promoting D.to promote
【及时演练】
1. (2024·江苏省南菁高中、常州一中高三上学期12月阶段考试)She said she had no choice but to temporarily close the branch’s online ordering system at around 1:30 pm because more than 200 orders remained 42 (complete), nearly all of them being the Moutai-flavored lattes.
2. (2022·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_______________(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
04 关键能力
过去分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,过去分词是必考内容。
[应对策略]
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
1.首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。
2.现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
3.过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。
4.其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:
(1)作主语,v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no+主语”中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式。
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。
(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。
(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。
(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。
(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。
【典例分析】
1.(2021·浙江)_______(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of time.
2.(2021·浙江)Watch out for your silly behavior. Don't you see a camera ________(position) in an unnoticeable corner?
2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识
【考例分析】
(2024·山东省青岛市高三下学期第二次模拟)
Woodcut New Year picture, a historic art form of woodcut painting, is for the occasion of Chinese Spring Festival. It features beautiful art designs with bright, delightful colors 1 fits the mood of the people longing for a happy life.
Popular 2 (theme) of Woodcut New Year picture include house safeguard, family wishes, and prosperity. Customarily, hanging on the door 3 (keep) the dangerous spirits away are door gods (门神) while on the screen wall facing the door is a character “Fu” 4 indicates good fortune.
Folk New Year picture emerged in pre-historical time and 5 (use) as the door god. The 6 (grow) of product economy and handicraft (手工艺) industry along with the advancement in printing during the Song Dynasty 7 (change) the manufacture of Chinese New Year picture from mainly hand-painting to woodcut painting, making it richer both 8 category and content.
After being listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006, woodcut New Year picture has enjoyed 9 (great) popularity, significantly influencing the artistic styles of other nations as well. The making of the picture, a package process from drafting, woodcut, painting, to hand painting touch-up, keeps millions of its lovers 10 (lose) in its striking beauty.
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2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
专题10 过去分词(讲义)
目录
01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
考点一 过去分词作状语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
考点二 过去分词作定语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
考点三 过去分词作宾补------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
考点四 过去分词作表语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
专题10 过去分词(讲义)
01 考情分析
考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关过去分词的考向分布。
考点
题型
过去分词
语法填空
2024
试卷类型
过去分词
考点
2024·新高考II卷
inspired
过去分词作定语
2024年1月浙江高考真题
designed
过去分词作定语
2023
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷
recognized
过去分词作后置定语
2023·1月新高考浙江卷
surrounded
过去分词作定语
2023·全国乙卷
built
过去分词作定语
2023·全国甲卷
intended
去分词短语作定语
2022
2022·全国甲卷
held
过去分词作后置定语
2022·全国高考乙卷
shared
过去分词作定语
2021
2021新课标I
astonished
过去分词作宾补
2021新课标II卷
excited
过去分词作表语
2021浙江卷1月
studied
过去分词作定语
02 知识概览
03 必备知识
过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。
重难点知识:
考点1 过去分词作状语
【典例分析】
1. When (ask)for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
【答案】 asked
【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处ask与逻辑主语Philip是动宾关系,故用asked。
2. _____________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
【答案】 used
【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处use和句子的主语one tin之间为动宾关系,故填过去分词used作条件状语。句意:如果细心地用,一罐可以用6周。
【方法指导】
1.作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
3.过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
4.带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
5.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
【及时演练】
1【时间状语】
(2024·江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期12月阶段性检测)It is not only a code or a tool, but a language which gives light and guidance when _____ in a proper way. Classical Chinese has been the cultural backbone of all the great philosophies, spiritualities, and even arts not just in China but all over Asia.
【答案】received
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:它不仅是一种代码或工具,而且是一种语言,当以适当的方式被接受时,它会提供光明和指导。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词。主语a language与动词 receive是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词,构成状语从句的省略。故填received。
2【条件状语】
Time, ______________(use) correctly, is money in the bank.
【答案】used
【解析】考查过去分词。时间如果被正确地利用,就是存在银行里的钱。此处use和time之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作条件状语。故填used。
3.【江苏省扬州市调研】 _______(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features enable better more accurate services.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:与其他卫星导航系统相比,BDS在高轨道运行更多的卫星,并以更多的频率传输导航信号。分析句子结构,可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,非谓语动词的复合结构可以作句子的状语,BDS与compare是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词,此处作比较状语。故答案为Compared。
4.【江苏省泰州中学月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it_______(speak).
【答案】spoken
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中hear的宾语it代指前面的language,与speak之间为被动关系,故用speak的过去分词形式 spoken。故填spoken。
考点2 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.
【典例分析】
1.(2024·新高考II卷) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
4. [2019·上海卷]Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species ______ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
【答案】threaten
【解析】考查非谓语动词。奥里萨邦是三只濒临灭绝的奥利弗龟的大规模筑巢地,其中的加希尔玛塔被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一,每年约有7000万到8000万只海龟在这里的海滩上产卵。本句的谓语为is,因此,设空处所给动词用非谓语形式,species与threaten之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做后置定语。故填threaten。
5.(浙江1月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
【答案】 called
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem与call之间是被动关系,故用过去分词called作problem的后置定语。故填called。
【方法指导】
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
【及时演练】
1.(2024·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体高三上学期期中联考)If you have the chance to return to ancient China and ask an educated man what his biggest dream was. He would tell you that he wants to become a zhuang yuan, a title _________ to the scholar who came first in the highest imperial examination.
【答案】given
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他会告诉你,他想成为一个状元,这是一个授予在最高科举考试中获得第一名的学者的头衔。that从句中的谓语是wants,空格处用非谓语动词,title和give之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填given。
2.(2023·江苏省镇江市调研)A folk music piece____ ____(title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.
【答案】titled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一曲名为《风景如画的浙江》的民间音乐为此次活动的开幕式拉开了帷幕,其中包含了丝绸、茶、竹、诗歌等典型的浙江元素。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词中的过去分词作后置定语修饰music piece,因music piece和title为被动关系,所以为过去分词形式表被动。故填titled。
考点3 过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
【典例分析】
1. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________________(wash).
【答案】washed
【解析】考查过去分词做宾补。Get…done意为:“让……做某事”,此处为过去分词作宾补。故填washed
【方法指导】
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
【及时演练】
1.(湖南省益阳市质量检测)With his accomplishments widely ________ (acknowledge), Zheng He is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
【答案】acknowledged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的成就被广泛认可;郑和被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。分析句子可知,本句有谓语is remembered,空处填非谓语动词;此处考查with的复合结构,即“with+宾+宾补”的结构,宾语 his accomplishments和acknowledge之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填acknowledged。
2.(天津高三二模)With her attention ________ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.to be fixed B.fix C.fixed D.fixing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩全神贯注地看书,静静地坐在那里。分析可知,句子为with的复合结构作状语,fix和her attention为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词表被动。故选C项。
3.(福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)The fireman told us the troubles they had ________the fire________ .
A.getting; controlled B.got; controlled C.got; to control D.getting; to control
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:消防队员告诉我们他们在控制火势方面遇到的麻烦。第一空have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定用法,空处需填动名词getting作宾语;第二空get sth. done为固定用法,空处需填过去分词controlled作宾语补足语。故选A。
考点4 过去分词作表语
作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
【典例分析】
1. (2020·浙江高三)The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _______and didn't know which one to choose.
A.confused B.to confuse
C.confusing D.to be confused
【答案】A
【解析】
考查get +过去分词结构。句意为:美发师展示给我一本里面有很多不同发型的书,我感到很困惑,不知选择哪一个。get+过去分词的系表结构强调状态的变化,故选A。
2. (2020·全国高三)While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A.promote B.promoted
C.promoting D.to promote
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在等待着背提拔的机会的时候,Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;本句中的get promoted获得提拔。故B正确。
【及时演练】
1. (2024·江苏省南菁高中、常州一中高三上学期12月阶段考试)She said she had no choice but to temporarily close the branch’s online ordering system at around 1:30 pm because more than 200 orders remained 42 (complete), nearly all of them being the Moutai-flavored lattes.
【答案】to be completed或uncompleted
【解析】考查非谓语动词或形容词。句意:她说,她别无选择,只能在下午1:30左右暂时关闭分店的在线订购系统,因为还有200多份订单没有完成,几乎所有的都是茅台味的拿铁。分析句子,句中remain to do为固定短语,意为“尚待完成”,此处more than 200 orders与complete之间是被动关系,故使用不定式的被动结构,意为“未被完成”或者使用complete的形容词uncompleted作表语,意为“未被完成的”。故填to be completed或uncompleted。
2. (2022·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_______________(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
【答案】stuck
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:今年4月,由于火山灰云,数千名度假者仍滞留在国外。remained是系动词,后需接形容词作表语,因为表示度假者被滞留,所以空处需用过去分词
stuck作表语。故填stuck。
04 关键能力
过去分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,过去分词是必考内容。
[应对策略]
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
1.首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。
2.现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
3.过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。
4.其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:
(1)作主语,v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no+主语”中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式。
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。
(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。
(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。
(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。
(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。
【典例分析】
1.(2021·浙江)_______(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of time.
【答案】Absorbed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:这位才华横溢的钢琴家沉浸在浪漫的旋律中,忘记了时间。be absorbed in意为“专心于”,为固定搭配。所以应用过去分词作状语。故填Absorbed。
2.(2021·浙江)Watch out for your silly behavior. Don't you see a camera ________(position) in an unnoticeable corner?
【答案】positioned
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:当心你愚蠢的行为。你没看到摄像头放在一个不显眼的角落吗?动词position意为“放置”,和逻辑主语camera构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填positioned。
2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识
【考例分析】
(2024·山东省青岛市高三下学期第二次模拟)
Woodcut New Year picture, a historic art form of woodcut painting, is for the occasion of Chinese Spring Festival. It features beautiful art designs with bright, delightful colors 1 fits the mood of the people longing for a happy life.
Popular 2 (theme) of Woodcut New Year picture include house safeguard, family wishes, and prosperity. Customarily, hanging on the door 3 (keep) the dangerous spirits away are door gods (门神) while on the screen wall facing the door is a character “Fu” 4 indicates good fortune.
Folk New Year picture emerged in pre-historical time and 5 (use) as the door god. The 6 (grow) of product economy and handicraft (手工艺) industry along with the advancement in printing during the Song Dynasty 7 (change) the manufacture of Chinese New Year picture from mainly hand-painting to woodcut painting, making it richer both 8 category and content.
After being listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006, woodcut New Year picture has enjoyed 9 (great) popularity, significantly influencing the artistic styles of other nations as well. The making of the picture, a package process from drafting, woodcut, painting, to hand painting touch-up, keeps millions of its lovers 10 (lose) in its striking beauty.
【答案】
1.and 2.themes 3.to keep 4.which/that 5.was used 6.growth 7.changed 8.in 9.greater 10.lost
【解析】本文为一篇说明文,介绍了中国木刻年画的特点,历史和重要意义。
1.考查连词。句意:它具有美丽的艺术设计,色彩明亮,令人愉快,符合人们渴望幸福生活的心情。根据features beautiful art designs和fits the mood可知,两个动词之间为并列关系,用并列连词and。故填and。
2.考查名词。句意:木刻年画的流行主题包括房屋安全,家庭愿望,和繁荣。空处作主语,谓语动词include为原形,主语为复数形式。故填themes。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,门上挂着门神来驱走危险的神灵,而正对着门的墙上则挂着一个“福”字,象征着好运。根据句意可知,门神挂在门上是用来驱走神灵,空处用不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。
4.考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为“Fu”,作从句的主语,表示物,用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
5.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:民间年画出现于史前时代,被用作门神。根据in pre-historical time可知,句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,主语Folk New Year picture与use构成被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was used。
6.考查名词。句意:宋代产品经济的发展和手工业的发展以及印刷术的进步,使得年画的制作从以手绘为主向以木刻为主转变,无论在种类上还是内容上都更加丰富。空处作主语,用名词,表示“发展”用growth。故填growth。
7.考查动词时态。句意同上。空处作谓语,根据during the Song Dynasty可知,句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填changed。
8.考查介词。句意同上。be rich in为固定短语,表示“在……方面很丰富”,空处缺少介词in。故填in。
9.考查形容词的级。句意:2006年被列入国家非物质文化遗产后,木刻年画的知名度越来越高,也对其他民族的艺术风格产生了重大影响。空处修饰popularity用形容词作定语,结合After being listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006可知,被列入国家非物质文化遗产后,木刻年画的知名度越来越高,此处用比较级。故填greater。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:这幅画的制作,从起草,木刻,绘画,到手绘润色,一个包装过程,让数百万的爱好者迷失在它的惊人的美丽中。空处作宾补,millions of its lovers与lose构成被动关系,用过去分词。故填lost。
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