精品解析：河南省项城市第三高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

项城三高2023—2024学年度下期期末考试 高一英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 本试卷共三部分，所有答案都写在答题卡上 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Charles Darwin Personal information: Date of birth: 12 February 1809 Date of death: 19 April 1882 Nationality: English Education: Edinburgh University, Cambridge University Achievements: He put forward the theory of evolution by natural select ion and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. Influence: His theory of evolution by natural selection has greatly influenced the development of biology. Interesting fact: Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage. 1. When was Charles Darwin born? A. In April 1882. B. In February 1882. C. In February 1809. D. In April 1809. 2. What is the nationality of Charles Darwin? A. China. B. America. C. English. D. France. 3. What did Charles Darwin come up with? A. The Origin of Species. B. The theory of evolution by natural selection. C. The development of biology. D. The advantages of marriage. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了达尔文的个人信息、主要成就、影响及趣闻轶事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Personal information中的“Date of birth: 12 February 1809(出生日期：1809年2月12日)”可知，查尔斯·达尔文出生于1809年2月。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Personal information中的“Nationality: English(国籍：英国)”可知，查尔斯·达尔文是英国人。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Achievements中的“He put forward the theory of evolution by natural select ion and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.(他提出了自然选择进化论，并于1859年发表了《物种起源》)”可知，查尔斯·达尔文提出了自然选择的进化论。故选B。 B Elephants are the largest terrestrial (陆地的) animals. For a long time, they are very helpful. They carry big trees, take people from place to place and are even used in wars. Some people think it’s not easy to hurt an elephant because its skin is thick and hard. In fact, that’s wrong. Sometimes, a needle (针) can also be very dangerous for the elephant. People say elephants are afraid of mice. This is wrong, too. In fact, elephants have very poor eyesight(视力), so they usually cannot see a mouse even if one comes very close to them. If a person has a good memory (记忆), people will say that he has an elephant memory. However, up to now, no study shows that elephants have a better memory than any other animal. People also believe that when it is time for elephants to die, they will hide themselves in a so-called “elephant graveyard”. Often, hunters by to find such places to get ivories (象牙) but few people really find places like that. In fact, when elephants are old or get sick, they will stay in deep and secret caves (洞穴) until they get better or die. 4. Elephants can help people a lot EXCEPT that they ________. A. carry heavy trees B. help people build houses C. carry people to different places D. help people in the war 5. Why do some people think it isn’t easy to hurt an elephant? A. Because the elephant is too big. B. Because people can’t get close to it. C. Because the elephant can kill people. D. Because its skin is thick and hard. 6. How do you understand the underline part “elephant graveyard” in the last paragraph? A. A place for hiding dead elephants. B. A place for animals to play in. C. A place with yards and flowers. D. A place where elephants are safe. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. Elephants are afraid of mice. B. Elephants have very poor memory. C. Elephants cannot see very clearly. D. Elephants never go to caves. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了大象是陆地上最大的动物，它可以帮助人们做很多事情。但是有很多关于大象的观点其实都是错误的，这篇短文给我们介绍了这些错误的观点和真实的情况是什么样的。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For a long time, they are very helpful. They carry big trees, take people from place to place and are even used in wars. (长期以来，他们非常有帮助。它们携带大树，将人们从一个地方带到另一个地方，甚至用于战争。)”可知，大象可以搬运沉重的树木，把人带到不同的地方，帮助战争中的人们，但是不能帮助人们建造房屋。ACD选项文章都提到了，B选项未提及，故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Some people think it’s not easy to hurt an elephant because its skin is thick and hard. (有些人认为伤害大象并不容易，因为它的皮肤又厚又硬。)”可知，有些人认为伤害大象不容易，因为它的皮肤又厚又硬。故选D。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“People also believe that when it is time for elephants to die, they will hide themselves in a so-called “elephant graveyard”. (人们还认为，当大象死亡的时候，它们会躲在所谓的elephant graveyard里。)”可知，当大象快要死亡的时候，它们会把自己藏在某个地方，所以elephant graveyard就是用来隐藏死去的大象的地方，和选项A意思一致。故选A。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In fact, elephants have very poor eyesight (实际上，大象的视力很差。)”可知，大象的视力很差，所以看东西不是很清楚。故选C。 C It was 8:10 and I was lying in the sun, listening to my favorite CD, on a weekend morning. Then Mum came out. She wanted me to go out with her. She told me about this place called Give Kids the World. It’s a special (特别的) place for families to spend a vacation when a child had a life-threatening (致命的) illness. She did some jobs there, like gift giving and ice-cream serving. Mum said I would enjoy it, but I thought those were boring jobs. Mum told me we were going to take a toy and an ice-cream to every child in the village. We got to the first house and I knocked on the door and shouted, “Gift Giving”, and a woman answered it. Sitting in the middle of the bedroom was a boy in a wheelchair. I gave him the gifts, and his face lighted up (露出喜色) with happiness. I walked out and thought, “That must be boring, unable to jump around.” As I came into the second house with gifts, it seemed a little strange that the child didn’t see me. Her mum said something was much wrong with her eyes, so I needed to go and stand in front of her. When I did that, she became very excited and made a sign for “thanks”, though her legs couldn’t move at all. When we went back home, Mum told me these kids might not live to see tomorrow. Suddenly, I understood I should be more thankful that I don’t have these illnesses. I no longer wanted to be at home listening to my CDs. I would rather (宁愿) be doing this, maybe making a difference (产生影响) in these kids’ lives. 8. Give Kids the World is a special place to spend a vacation when ________. A. people can’t find interesting jobs B. the children are badly ill C. people are interested in toys D. the children want to receive gifts 9. When the first boy received gifts from the writer, he felt ________. A. upset B. nervous C. excited D. sorry 10. Before he went to Give Kids the World, in the free time, the writer’s favorite thing is ____. A. doing sports B. helping others C. listening to music D. reading books 11. The writer wanted to help the kids in bad health ________. A. after he went to visit the two sick kids B. while he was getting badly ill C. when he knew his mother’s boring jobs D. while he was listening to his CDs 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲一同去给残疾的孩子们送礼物，从而让作者意识到没有疾病应该心存感激。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“She told me about this place called Give Kids the World. It’s a special place for families to spend a vacation when a child had a life-threatening (致命的) illness. (她告诉我一个叫“给孩子们世界”的地方。这是一个特殊的地方，当孩子患有危及生命的疾病时，家庭可以在这里度假。)”可知，Give Kids the World是一个当孩子有致命的疾病时，一家人会去那里度假的特殊的地方。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“I gave him the gifts, and his face lighted up with happiness. (我给了他礼物，他高兴得满脸通红。)”可知，当第一个男孩收到作者的礼物时，他觉得很兴奋。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It was 8:10 and I was lying in the sun, listening to my favorite CD, on a weekend morning. (那是一个周末早晨，8点10分，我躺在阳光下，听我最喜欢的CD。)”可知，作者空闲时间最喜欢听音乐。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we went back home, Mum told me these kids might not live to see tomorrow. Suddenly, I understood I should be more thankful that I don’t have these illnesses. I no longer wanted to be at home listening to my CDs. I would rather (宁愿) be doing this, maybe making a difference (产生影响) in these kids’ lives. (当我们回家时，妈妈告诉我这些孩子可能活不到明天。突然间，我明白我应该更加感激自己没有这些疾病。我不想再呆在家里听CD了。我宁愿这样做，也许能改变这些孩子的生活。)”可知，在作者去看望两个生病的孩子之后，他想帮助那些身体不好的孩子。故选A。 D Do you know there are sounds produced by plants? Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about? With the development of AI we may be able to understand their languages! In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us to translate (翻译) and understand animals’ and plants’ words. All around the animal world, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up (接收到) and decipher (破译). Elephants, for example, talk with each other using infra-sound (次声), which cannot be heard by human ears. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to lead (带领) baby coral to safer areas to grow. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds and finds its way to the right place. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed (放置) machines into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear. After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Isracli researchers used AI to translate bats’ (蝙蝠) 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about such things: food, ways of sleeping, getting into personal space, and unwanted courtship (求偶). Technologies can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. So a research team in Germany put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a set of dance moves to tell the bees where they can find their food. Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world. 12. How does the writer lead into the topic? A. By listing facts. B. By offering ideas. C. By asking questions. D. By giving examples. 13. What can we learn from Karen Bakker’s new book? A. What role AI plays in protecting animals. B. What makes it hard for us to take care of plants. C. How animals and plants communicate with the help of AI. D. How technologies help us understand the voices of nature. 14. What does the underlined word “this” refer to (指的是)? A. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds. B. Coral doesn't have any ears C. Machines can be used to pick up sounds D. Coral can find safer areas to grow by itself. 15. What is the researchers’ attitude (态度) towards the future of the AI technology? A. Unclear. B. Hopeless. C. Doubtful (怀疑的). D. Supportive. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了使用AI能够理解动物的语言。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you know there are sounds produced by plants? Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about? (你知道植物会发出声音吗？你有没有想过动物在说什么？)”可知，文章开头是通过提出问题的方式切入文章主题。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us to translate and understand animals’ and plants’ words. (在卡伦·巴克教授的新书《生命之声：数字技术如何让我们更接近动植物世界》中，她谈到了人工智能和其他技术如何帮助我们翻译和理解动植物的语言。)”可知，从凯伦·巴克的新书中我们可以知道科技如何帮助我们理解自然的声音。故选D。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to lead(带领) baby coral to safer areas to grow. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds and finds its way to the right place. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! (海洋中的珊瑚也会发出声波，将小珊瑚带到更安全的地方生长。小珊瑚会“倾听”声音，并找到合适的地方。这令人惊讶，因为珊瑚没有耳朵！)”可知，这里This指代上文提到的小珊瑚会“倾听”声音这件事。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world. (研究人员表示，这项技术有朝一日可以帮助残疾人进行交流。这也可能有助于科学家了解动物如何看待世界。)”可知，作者对人工智能技术是支持的，因为它有利于人类。故选D。 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Sleep Smarter Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, focus on work and even manage a friendly mood at work. ____16____. Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts. Set a regular bedtime ____17____ Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day. Eat the right food. Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. ____18____ Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful. ____19____ Exercising provides lots of good health benefits. A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep and cut the time it takes for you to fall into sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep. Reduce (减少) screen time before bed ____20____A recent study shows that people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t. A. Avoid the alarm clock B. Exercise to improve sleep C. Try to solve problems in your sleep D. Go to bed at the same time every night E. There are lots of ways to better your sleep F. Everybody knows that warm milk helps people sleep better G. Stop watching TV just before bedtime and you’ll sleep better 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些改善睡眠的建议。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, focus on work and even manage a friendly mood at work.(研究表明，糟糕的睡眠会影响人们做出正确的决定，影响工作专注度，甚至影响在工作中保持友好的情绪)”以及后文“Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts.(今天我们有四个最受欢迎的睡眠技巧和事实)”可知，上文说明了睡眠的重要性和影响，后文提到了改善睡眠的技巧，可知睡眠可以通过技巧得到改善。故E选项“改善睡眠的方法有很多”符合语境，故选E。 【17题详解】 根据后文“Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day.(选择一个你通常觉得累的时间。尽量不要在周末打破这个惯例，因为你可能会熬夜。如果你想改变你的就寝时间，要逐渐改变，比如每天早15分钟或晚15分钟)”可知，后文提到了不要打破睡眠的惯例，即建议睡眠时间要同一，在每天晚上的同一时间。故D选项“每天晚上同一时间上床睡觉”符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others.(有些食物比其他食物更有助于获得更好的睡眠)”以及后文“Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful.(其他如香蕉、土豆和全麦面包也很有帮助)”可知，本句主要是在将可以助眠的饮食，故F选项“每个人都知道温牛奶有助于人们睡得更好”符合语境，故选F。 【19题详解】 根据本段内容“Exercising provides lots of good health benefits. A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep and cut the time it takes for you to fall into sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep.(锻炼对健康有很多好处。睡个好觉就是其中之一。但一定要在早上或下午锻炼。美国国家睡眠基金会报告称，早上或下午锻炼有助于加深睡眠，缩短入睡所需的时间。然而，那些在晚上锻炼的人的睡眠几乎没有改善)”可知，本段的主旨是锻炼可以助眠，B选项中Exercise对应后文中Exercising。故B选项“通过锻炼来改善睡眠”符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据后文“A recent study shows that people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t.(最近的一项研究表明，在睡前使用电子媒体的人报告睡眠质量较低，即使他们的睡眠时间与不使用电子媒体的人一样长)”可知，后文的研究表明不应该在睡前使用电子媒体，G选项中TV对应后文中electronic media。故G选项“睡前不要看电视，你会睡得更好”符合语境，故选G。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There is a young boy in my class. His name is Bill. Sometimes kids make fun of him because he has a hard time saying ____21____ words. Sometimes, he’ll say the same word twice or he’ll stutter (口吃). He’s very ____22____ and doesn’t say much. One day, there was a ____23____ on the wall asking people to try out for (参加选拔) the school play. We looked and saw Bill’s name on the paper. We ____24____ how he could possibly be in a play with his speech problem. The practice ____25____ for weeks, and finally the big night arrived. The curtain (幕布) opened and the show began. Bill got on stage and spoke his first words. He stuttered ____26____. Some people thought he was ____27____, but he wasn’t. Then, the most ____28____ thing happened. When the music started, he tapped (踢) his foot and began to sing. It came out perfectly. He had a beautiful ____29____ and didn’t have a stutter. He sang more songs than anyone else and he danced perfectly. Bill was a _____30_____ person when he sang. The next day at school, everyone congratulated (祝贺) Bill. He _____31_____ to us that it’s common for people who stutter to be able to sing perfectly well. _____32_____ doesn’t know why, but it’s a fact. We learned more than just a scientific fact that day. We learned that everyone has things they can’t do, and things they can do. We all have to _____33_____ that. As for Bill, he still stutters. But sometimes _____34_____ he has a hard time giving an answer in class, he just stops and sings the answer. That’s always the highlight of the class. Sometimes we all sing along, too! It makes _____35_____ happy to see our friend having such a good time although he has a speech problem. 21. A. opposite B. certain C. unusual D. bright 22. A. silly B. strong C. strange D. shy 23. A. sign B. tool C. match D. fiction 24. A. promised B. researched C. wondered D. compared 25. A. got off B. went on C. died down D. gave up 26. A. terribly B. quickly C. carefully D. easily 27. A. laughing B. guessing C. lying D. joking 28. A. successful B. amazing C. peaceful D. important 29. A. finger B. crayon C. voice D. board 30 A. different B. clever C. beautiful D. disabled 31. A. offered B. explained C. checked D. reported 32. A. Magic B. Imagination C. Nature D. Science 33. A. protect B. record C. understand D. waste 34. A. when B. until C. since D. unless 35. A. you B. him C. her D. us 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述口吃男孩比尔参加学校的话剧比赛赢得了大家的掌声的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时孩子们会取笑他，因为他很难说出某些单词。A. opposite相反的；B. certain某些的；C. unusual不同寻常的；D. bright明亮的。根据下文“Sometimes, he’ll say the same word twice or he’ll stutter (口吃).”可知，比尔很难发出有些单词的发音。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很害羞，话不多。A. silly傻的；B. strong强壮的；C. strange奇怪的；D. shy害羞的。根据下文“doesn’t say much”可知，比尔不太说话，所以是很腼腆的人。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，墙上挂着一块牌子，要求人们参加学校的话剧比赛选拔。A. sign牌子；B. tool工具；C. match比赛；D. fiction科幻。根据下文“on the wall asking people to try out for the school play.”可知，这些内容应该是张贴在墙上的牌子上。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想知道他有语言问题，怎么可能会参加话剧。A. promised承诺；B. researched研究；C. wondered想知道；D. compared比较。根据下文“how he could possibly be in a play with his speech problem”可知，这是大家困惑的问题。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：练习持续了好几个星期，终于到了重要的夜晚。A. got off下车；B. went on继续；C. died down消失；D. gave up放弃。根据下文“and finally the big night arrived”可知，话剧比赛开始之前要持续一段时间的练习。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他结巴得厉害。A. terribly糟糕地；B. quickly快速地；C. carefully认真地；D. easily容易地。根据上文“Sometimes, he’ll say the same word twice or he’ll stutter (口吃).”可知，比尔结巴得很厉害。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人以为他在开玩笑，但他不是。A. laughing笑；B. guessing猜；C. lying说谎；D. joking开玩笑。根据上文“He stuttered ____6____.”和下文“but he wasn’t”可知，比尔在舞台上结巴得很厉害，有些人以为他是在开玩笑，其实他不是。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，最神奇的事情发生了。A. successful成功的；B. amazing令人吃惊的；C. peaceful和平的；D. important重要的。根据下文“When the music started, he tapped (踢) his foot and began to sing. It came out perfectly.”可知，说话结巴的比尔歌唱的很完美，所以令大家吃惊。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他嗓音优美，没有口吃。A. finger手指；B. crayon蜡笔；C. voice声音；D. board木板。根据上文“began to sing”可知，这里说明比尔唱歌的时候声音很优美。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比尔唱歌的时候是另一个人。A. different不同的；B. clever聪明的；C. beautiful漂亮的；D. disabled无能的。根据上文“He had a beautiful ____9____ and didn’t have a stutter.”可知，说话结巴的比尔歌唱的很完美，所以前后好像不是同一个人。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向我们解释说，口吃的人能够唱得很好是很常见的。A. offered提供；B. explained解释；C. checked检查；D. reported报道。根据下文“to us that it’s common for people who stutter to be able to sing perfectly well.”可知，这是比尔向大家解释的内容。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学不知道为什么，但这是事实。A. Magic神奇；B. Imagination想象力；C. Nature自然；D. Science科学。根据下文“but it’s a fact”可知，这个事实是科学解释不了的。下文“We learned more than just a scientific fact that day.(那天我们学到的不仅仅是一个科学事实)”也有提示，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都必须理解这一点。A. protect保护；B. record记录；C. understand理解；D. waste浪费。根据上文“We learned that everyone has things they can’t do, and things they can do.”可知，这是大家都要理解的东西。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但有时当他在课堂上很难给出答案时，他就停下来唱出答案。A. when当……时；B. until直到；C. since自从；D. unless除非。根据下文“That’s always the highlight of the class.”可知，这是课堂上发生的事情：当他在课堂上很难给出答案时，他就停下来唱出答案。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们的朋友有语言问题，但看到他玩得这么开心，我们很高兴。A. you你；B. him他；C. her她；D. us我们。根据下文“to see our friend having such a good time although he has a speech problem.”可知，当我们看到有语言障碍的朋友玩得这么开心，我们很高兴。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will your future life look like? Let’s have ___36___ look. In 3000, medical technology will be ___37___(good) than ever. When you get up in the morning and look into the mirror, your face will be beautiful and young-looking. Many people at your age could live to be 120, and your parents will just have an anti-aging (抗衰老的) ___38___(treat). All of you will look the same age! Besides, “smart clothes” will contain special particles (粒子), ___39___ will be much smaller than the cells in your body. They can ___40___(design) to change your clothes’ color or pattern. When you say to your shirt, “Turn red”, it will change from blue ___41___ red. There will also be a great change in your house. If you get into the kitchen, you ___42___(find) a special food machine that will tell you what your body needs and help you eat ___43___(healthy). In 3000, cars will drive ___44___(they). You can just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, it will be possible ___45___(change) the color of cars at the flick of a switch. Such “smart technology” will be all around you, and let’s look forward to it. 【答案】36. a 37. better 38. treatment 39. which 40. be designed 41. to 42. will find 43. healthily 44. themselves 45. to change 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来生活的样子，在3000年，医疗技术、服装、住房以及出行等方面，“智能科技”将无处不在。 36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：让我们看一看。have a look为固定短语，表示“看一看”，所以空处应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：在3000年，医疗技术将比以往任何时候都要更好。根据句中than可知，句子表示医疗技术与以往任何时候相比都要更好，空处应用形容词的比较级形式better，表示“更好的”。故填better。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多和你同龄的人可以活到120岁，而你的父母只需要进行抗衰老治疗。分析句子结构，anti-aging是形容词，作定语修饰名词，结合不定冠词an，所以空处应用单数名词treatment作动词have的宾语，表示“治疗”。故填treatment。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，“智能衣服”将包含特殊的粒子，它们将比你体内的细胞小得多。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词particles，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查语态。句意：它们可以被设计来改变你衣服的颜色或图案。分析句子结构，空处为句子谓语，design与主语They之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词can后接动词原形形式。故填be designed。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：当你对你的衬衫说“变红”时，它会从蓝色变为红色。change from…to…表示“从……到……变化”，所以空处应用介词to，符合句意。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查时态。句意：如果你走进厨房，你会发现一台特殊的食物机器，它会告诉你身体需要什么，并帮助你健康饮食。if引导条件状语从句，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，主句应用一般将来时。故填will find。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你走进厨房，你会发现一台特殊的食物机器，它会告诉你身体需要什么，并帮助你健康饮食。空处修饰动词eat，应用副词形式作状语，healthily是副词，表示“健康地”，符合句意。故填healthily。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：在3000年，汽车将自动驾驶。空处作动词drive的宾语，且宾语与主语cars一致，空处应用反身代词themselves，表示“它们自己”。故填themselves。 45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在路上，只需轻轻一按开关，就能够改变汽车的颜色。分析句子结构，it为形式主语，空处应用不定式形式作真正的主语。故填to change。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近你的美国朋友 Mike 体弱易病，于是向你询问如何保持健康。请你根据以下内容给他回信提些建议，要点如下： 1.合理饮食；2. 加强锻炼；3. 保证睡眠。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Mike, I’m sorry to know that _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m sorry to know that you feel weak and often fall ill. Here, I’m writing to give you some advice. First, you should have a balanced diet and enjoy breakfast every day. Additionally, it is of equal importance to take exercise regularly, which not only contributes to strengthening your bodies but also rids you of the stress from study. Most importantly, have enough sleep instead of staying up too late. I’d be more than glad if my advice would be adopted and I sincerely hope that you can live a healthy life. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给体弱易病的美国朋友Mike写信，告诉他如何保持健康。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 生病的：ill→sick 建议：advice→suggestion 此外：Additionally→in addition 规律地：regularly→on a regular basis 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Most importantly, have enough sleep instead of staying up too late. 拓展句：What’s most important is that you should have enough sleep instead of staying up too late. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Additionally, it is of equal importance to take exercise regularly, which not only contributes to strengthening your bodies but also rids you of the stress from study.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I’d be more than glad if my advice would be adopted and I sincerely hope that you can live a healthy life.（由if引导的条件状语从句和that引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A Father’s Day Surprise “Mano, do you know when Father’s Day is celebrated?” Ali asked his sister. “Yes, it is going to be celebrated on June 19 this year. Yesterday my friend and I were talking about it.” Mano replied. “Do you have any idea how we should celebrate this day and make it memorable for Dad?” Ali asked. “Hmm... I was thinking about it too and have some ideas.” Mano answered excitedly. “What are you kids talking about?” their mum asked, entering their room. “Mum, we were wondering about how to celebrate Father’s Day.” Mano said. “Oh, I am surprised you kids remembered! Well, I am thinking of cooking some favorite dishes for your father. You both should think of ways to decorate the house beautifully.”Mum said. “That would be great!”said Mano and Ali together. Both of them got up smiling, thinking of hundreds of ways to celebrate Father’s Day. Mum went to the kitchen, and Mano and Ali started doing their homework. But soon Ali noticed Mano deep in thought so he asked what the matter was. “Ali, I was thinking that our parents do everything for us and in return they want nothing. Isn’t it bad that we never think about them and are always concerned about our needs?” Mano replied. “Sometimes we are so busy with our lives that we don’t pay proper attention to our parents. We should listen to whatever they say properly and answer them. We must also study hard to get good grades.” Ali nodded. The next day, all three of them, Mano, Ali and their mum, got busy preparing their surprise celebration for Father’s Day. Mano drew a family picture with her crayons, Ali bought balloons and candles and began writing a poem which he planned to sing that day. In short, a lot of things were being planned and prepared. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Finally, when Father’s day came, both Ali and Mano came home from school and started decorating the house. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Ali and Mano cried out together, “Happy Father’s Day!” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Finally, when Father’s day came, both Ali and Mano came home from school and started decorating the house. Ali quickly cleaned the living room and continued with the decoration, putting up the colorful balloons and presenting the birthday cake. At the same time, Mano took out the family picture. They were about to practice singing the poem when the delicious smell came from the kitchen. Surely it was Mom that prepared the big meal. French toast and chicken porridge, both of which were father’s favorite dishes, were ready. Eventually, everything was settled. Ali and Mano stood beside the door, waiting for their father eagerly. Then Dad came in. Ali and Mano cried out together, “Happy Father’s Day!” Hearing the words, so glad was Dad that his face lit up. “We have a surprise for you!” added Ali, pointing at the decorations. When he saw the dinner, his eyes widened and twinkled with excitement. He couldn’t help tasting a bit of chick soup, explaining that it was the best dish he had ever had. Mom smiled heartily and exchanged a gentle glance with Ali and Mano. What a beautiful and sweet surprise! The room was filled with happiness. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了两个孩子 Ali和Mano为庆祝父亲节而做的惊喜，并意识到应该更多地关注和尊重父母，感恩他们的付出。他们为爸爸准备了爱心大餐，并布置了家里的装饰，让这个父亲节变得值得铭记。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“终于，父亲节到了，Ali和Mano放学回家，开始装饰房子。”可知，第一段可描写Ali和Mano如何装饰房子的以及妈妈都做了什么好吃的。 ②由第二段首句内容“Ali和Mano一起喊道：“父亲节快乐!””可知，第二段可描写爸爸看到惊喜后非常高兴，一家人在一起非常幸福。 2.续写线索：装饰房屋——妈妈准备饭菜——等待爸爸回家——爸爸进门——祝父亲节快乐——爸爸高兴——全家人都开心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①张贴：put up/post up ②.取出：take out/fetch out ③.安排好：settle/arrange 情绪类 ①.渴望地：eagerly / wishfully ②.高兴的：glad /happy/with pleasure 【点睛】[高分句型1]. French toast and chicken porridge, both of which were father’s favourite dishes, were ready.（由介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]. When he saw the dinner, his eyes widened and twinkled with excitement.（由连词when引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 项城三高2023—2024学年度下期期末考试 高一英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 本试卷共三部分，所有答案都写在答题卡上 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Charles Darwin Personal information: Date of birth: 12 February 1809 Date of death: 19 April 1882 Nationality: English Education: Edinburgh University, Cambridge University Achievements: He put forward the theory of evolution by natural select ion and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. Influence: His theory of evolution by natural selection has greatly influenced the development of biology. Interesting fact: Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage. 1. When was Charles Darwin born? A. In April 1882. B. In February 1882. C. In February 1809. D. In April 1809. 2. What is the nationality of Charles Darwin? A. China. B. America. C. English. D. France. 3. What did Charles Darwin come up with? A. The Origin of Species. B. The theory of evolution by natural selection. C. The development of biology. D. The advantages of marriage. B Elephants are the largest terrestrial (陆地的) animals. For a long time, they are very helpful. They carry big trees, take people from place to place and are even used in wars. Some people think it’s not easy to hurt an elephant because its skin is thick and hard. In fact, that’s wrong. Sometimes, a needle (针) can also be very dangerous for the elephant. People say elephants are afraid of mice. This is wrong, too. In fact, elephants have very poor eyesight(视力), so they usually cannot see a mouse even if one comes very close to them. If a person has a good memory (记忆), people will say that he has an elephant memory. However, up to now, no study shows that elephants have a better memory than any other animal. People also believe that when it is time for elephants to die, they will hide themselves in a so-called “elephant graveyard”. Often, hunters by to find such places to get ivories (象牙) but few people really find places like that. In fact, when elephants are old or get sick, they will stay in deep and secret caves (洞穴) until they get better or die. 4. Elephants can help people a lot EXCEPT that they ________. A. carry heavy trees B. help people build houses C. carry people to different places D. help people in the war 5. Why do some people think it isn’t easy to hurt an elephant? A. Because the elephant is too big. B. Because people can’t get close to it. C. Because the elephant can kill people. D. Because its skin is thick and hard. 6. How do you understand the underline part “elephant graveyard” in the last paragraph? A. A place for hiding dead elephants. B. A place for animals to play in. C. A place with yards and flowers. D. A place where elephants are safe. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. Elephants are afraid of mice. B. Elephants have very poor memory. C. Elephants cannot see very clearly. D. Elephants never go to caves. C It was 8:10 and I was lying in the sun listening to my favorite CD, on a weekend morning. Then Mum came out. She wanted me to go out with her. She told me about this place called Give Kids the World. It’s a special (特别的) place for families to spend a vacation when a child had a life-threatening (致命的) illness. She did some jobs there, like gift giving and ice-cream serving. Mum said I would enjoy it, but I thought those were boring jobs. Mum told me we were going to take a toy and an ice-cream to every child in the village. We got to the first house and I knocked on the door and shouted, “Gift Giving”, and a woman answered it. Sitting in the middle of the bedroom was a boy in a wheelchair. I gave him the gifts, and his face lighted up (露出喜色) with happiness. I walked out and thought, “That must be boring, unable to jump around.” As I came into the second house with gifts, it seemed a little strange that the child didn’t see me. Her mum said something was much wrong with her eyes, so I needed to go and stand in front of her. When I did that, she became very excited and made a sign for “thanks”, though her legs couldn’t move at all. When we went back home, Mum told me these kids might not live to see tomorrow. Suddenly, I understood I should be more thankful that I don’t have these illnesses. I no longer wanted to be at home listening to my CDs. I would rather (宁愿) be doing this, maybe making a difference (产生影响) in these kids’ lives. 8. Give Kids the World is a special place to spend a vacation when ________. A. people can’t find interesting jobs B. the children are badly ill C. people are interested in toys D. the children want to receive gifts 9. When the first boy received gifts from the writer, he felt ________. A. upset B. nervous C. excited D. sorry 10. Before he went to Give Kids the World, in the free time, the writer’s favorite thing is ____. A. doing sports B. helping others C. listening to music D. reading books 11. The writer wanted to help the kids in bad health ________. A. after he went to visit the two sick kids B. while he was getting badly ill C. when he knew his mother’s boring jobs D. while he was listening to his CDs D Do you know there are sounds produced by plants? Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about? With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages! In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us to translate (翻译) and understand animals’ and plants’ words. All around the animal world, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up (接收到) and decipher (破译). Elephants, for example, talk with each other using infra-sound (次声), which cannot be heard by human ears. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to lead (带领) baby coral to safer areas to grow. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds and finds its way to the right place. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed (放置) machines into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear. After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Isracli researchers used AI to translate bats’ (蝙蝠) 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about such things: food, ways of sleeping, getting into personal space, and unwanted courtship (求偶). Technologies can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. So a research team in Germany put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a set of dance moves to tell the bees where they can find their food. Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world. 12. How does the writer lead into the topic? A. By listing facts. B. By offering ideas. C. By asking questions. D. By giving examples. 13. What can we learn from Karen Bakker’s new book? A. What role AI plays in protecting animals. B. What makes it hard for us to take care of plants. C. How animals and plants communicate with the help of AI. D. How technologies help us understand the voices of nature. 14. What does the underlined word “this” refer to (指是)? A. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds. B Coral doesn't have any ears C. Machines can be used to pick up sounds D. Coral can find safer areas to grow by itself. 15. What is the researchers’ attitude (态度) towards the future of the AI technology? A. Unclear. B. Hopeless. C. Doubtful (怀疑的). D. Supportive. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Sleep Smarter Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, focus on work and even manage a friendly mood at work. ____16____. Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts. Set a regular bedtime ____17____ Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day. Eat the right food. Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. ____18____ Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful. ____19____ Exercising provides lots of good health benefits. A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep and cut the time it takes for you to fall into sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep. Reduce (减少) screen time before bed ____20____A recent study shows that people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t. A. Avoid the alarm clock B. Exercise to improve sleep C. Try to solve problems in your sleep D. Go to bed at the same time every night E There are lots of ways to better your sleep F. Everybody knows that warm milk helps people sleep better G. Stop watching TV just before bedtime and you’ll sleep better 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There is a young boy in my class. His name is Bill. Sometimes kids make fun of him because he has a hard time saying ____21____ words. Sometimes, he’ll say the same word twice or he’ll stutter (口吃). He’s very ____22____ and doesn’t say much. One day, there was a ____23____ on the wall asking people to try out for (参加选拔) the school play. We looked and saw Bill’s name on the paper. We ____24____ how he could possibly be in a play with his speech problem. The practice ____25____ for weeks, and finally the big night arrived. The curtain (幕布) opened and the show began. Bill got on stage and spoke his first words. He stuttered ____26____. Some people thought he was ____27____, but he wasn’t. Then, the most ____28____ thing happened. When the music started, he tapped (踢) his foot and began to sing. It came out perfectly. He had a beautiful ____29____ and didn’t have a stutter. He sang more songs than anyone else and he danced perfectly. Bill was a _____30_____ person when he sang. The next day at school, everyone congratulated (祝贺) Bill. He _____31_____ to us that it’s common for people who stutter to be able to sing perfectly well. _____32_____ doesn’t know why, but it’s a fact. We learned more than just a scientific fact that day. We learned that everyone has things they can’t do, and things they can do. We all have to _____33_____ that. As for Bill, he still stutters. But sometimes _____34_____ he has a hard time giving an answer in class, he just stops and sings the answer. That’s always the highlight of the class. Sometimes we all sing along, too! It makes _____35_____ happy to see our friend having such a good time although he has a speech problem. 21. A. opposite B. certain C. unusual D. bright 22. A. silly B. strong C. strange D. shy 23. A. sign B. tool C. match D. fiction 24. A. promised B. researched C. wondered D. compared 25. A. got off B. went on C. died down D. gave up 26. A. terribly B. quickly C. carefully D. easily 27. A. laughing B. guessing C. lying D. joking 28. A. successful B. amazing C. peaceful D. important 29. A. finger B. crayon C. voice D. board 30. A. different B. clever C. beautiful D. disabled 31. A. offered B. explained C. checked D. reported 32. A. Magic B. Imagination C. Nature D. Science 33. A. protect B. record C. understand D. waste 34. A. when B. until C. since D. unless 35. A. you B. him C. her D. us 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will your future life look like? Let’s have ___36___ look. In 3000, medical technology will be ___37___(good) than ever. When you get up in the morning and look into the mirror, your face will be beautiful and young-looking. Many people at your age could live to be 120, and your parents will just have an anti-aging (抗衰老的) ___38___(treat). All of you will look the same age! Besides, “smart clothes” will contain special particles (粒子), ___39___ will be much smaller than the cells in your body. They can ___40___(design) to change your clothes’ color or pattern. When you say to your shirt, “Turn red”, it will change from blue ___41___ red. There will also be a great change in your house. If you get into the kitchen, you ___42___(find) a special food machine that will tell you what your body needs and help you eat ___43___(healthy). In 3000, cars will drive ___44___(they). You can just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, it will be possible ___45___(change) the color of cars at the flick of a switch. Such “smart technology” will be all around you, and let’s look forward to it. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近你的美国朋友 Mike 体弱易病，于是向你询问如何保持健康。请你根据以下内容给他回信提些建议，要点如下： 1.合理饮食；2. 加强锻炼；3. 保证睡眠。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Mike, I’m sorry to know that _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A Father’s Day Surprise “Mano, do you know when Father’s Day is celebrated?” Ali asked his sister. “Yes, it is going to be celebrated on June 19 this year. Yesterday my friend and I were talking about it.” Mano replied. “Do you have any idea how we should celebrate this day and make it memorable for Dad?” Ali asked. “Hmm... I was thinking about it too and have some ideas.” Mano answered excitedly. “What are you kids talking about?” their mum asked, entering their room. “Mum, we were wondering about how to celebrate Father’s Day.” Mano said. “Oh, I am surprised you kids remembered! Well, I am thinking of cooking some favorite dishes for your father. You both should think of ways to decorate the house beautifully.”Mum said. “That would be great!”said Mano and Ali together. Both of them got up smiling, thinking of hundreds of ways to celebrate Father’s Day. Mum went to the kitchen, and Mano and Ali started doing their homework. But soon Ali noticed Mano deep in thought so he asked what the matter was. “Ali, I was thinking that our parents do everything for us and in return they want nothing. Isn’t it bad that we never think about them and are always concerned about our needs?” Mano replied. “Sometimes we are so busy with our lives that we don’t pay proper attention to our parents. We should listen to whatever they say properly and answer them. We must also study hard to get good grades.” Ali nodded. The next day, all three of them, Mano, Ali and their mum, got busy preparing their surprise celebration for Father’s Day. Mano drew a family picture with her crayons, Ali bought balloons and candles and began writing a poem which he planned to sing that day. In short, a lot of things were being planned and prepared. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Finally, when Father’s day came, both Ali and Mano came home from school and started decorating the house. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Ali and Mano cried out together, “Happy Father’s Day!” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$