阅读理解专题3 主旨大意 学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语阅读理解专题3

阅读主旨大意类

课堂学习任务

①    理解段落中具体描写性和概括描写性句子；

②    掌握主旨大意中全文大意、段落大意和标题3种题型的特点；

③    快速通过首尾获取文章涉及的对象和事件，概括文章主要内容；

④    掌握主旨大意题特殊情况

Step 1: 课前理解感悟

  意图目的：掌握段落涉及对象和事件，区别具体描写性句子和概括性句子。

例 1.     划出段落中心句

The sea horse isn’t like most fish. Its head looks like that of a pony. The sea horse has hard, spiny skin. Its tail looks like that of a monkey. It has one fin that isn’t much help in swimming. Sea horses drift upright in the water.

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 2.     划出段落中心句

Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what’s wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 3.     分析选项侧重点，选择正确答案

51．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The technical skills of a would—be ROM．

B．The practical experience of a would—be ROM．

C．The personal information of a would—be ROM．

D．The necessary requirements of a would—be ROM．

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

Step 2: 问题理解感悟

例 4.     划出问题中表明主旨大意内容的词汇

① The main idea (central idea) of the passage is...  ________________________

② What is the passage/text mainly about?    ________________________

③ The best title for the passage might be...   ________________________

④ What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage? _________________

Step 3: 真题精讲精析

例 5.     阅读文章选择正确选项

Honey (蜂蜜) from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest (巢) and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.

The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). …

Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.

63. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa   D. Honey-Lover's Helper

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 6.          阅读文章选择正确选项

Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins, and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

72. The first paragraph focuses on ___________.

A. the greatest challenge of group exercise

B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness

C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health

D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 7.          阅读文章选择正确选项

Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights. ……

Mind the colors. ……

Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. ……

Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.

28. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Is Your House Making You Fat?    B. Ways of Serving Dinner

C. Effects of Self-Consciousness     D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 8.          (2024 北京卷 D)

Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.

......

Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.

34. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures   B. The Values of Self-discipline

C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos    D. The Roots of Morality

对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________

事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________

例 9.          (2023 新课标Ⅱ卷 B)

Turning soil pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.

......