阅读理解专题3 主旨大意 学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语阅读理解专题3 阅读主旨大意类 课堂学习任务 1 理解段落中具体描写性和概括描写性句子； 2 掌握主旨大意中全文大意、段落大意和标题3种题型的特点； 3 快速通过首尾获取文章涉及的对象和事件，概括文章主要内容； 4 掌握主旨大意题特殊情况 Step 1: 课前理解感悟 意图目的：掌握段落涉及对象和事件，区别具体描写性句子和概括性句子。 例 1. 划出段落中心句 The sea horse isn’t like most fish. Its head looks like that of a pony. The sea horse has hard, spiny skin. Its tail looks like that of a monkey. It has one fin that isn’t much help in swimming. Sea horses drift upright in the water. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 2. 划出段落中心句 Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what’s wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 3. 分析选项侧重点，选择正确答案 51．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technical skills of a would—be ROM． B．The practical experience of a would—be ROM． C．The personal information of a would—be ROM． D．The necessary requirements of a would—be ROM． 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ Step 2: 问题理解感悟 例 4. 划出问题中表明主旨大意内容的词汇 1 The main idea (central idea) of the passage is... ________________________ 2 What is the passage/text mainly about? ________________________ 3 The best title for the passage might be... ________________________ 4 What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage? _________________ Step 3: 真题精讲精析 例 5. 阅读文章选择正确选项 Honey (蜂蜜) from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest (巢) and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). … Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. 63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 6. 阅读文章选择正确选项 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins, and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. 72. The first paragraph focuses on ___________. A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 7. 阅读文章选择正确选项 Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights. …… Mind the colors. …… Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. …… Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 28. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 8. (2024 北京卷 D) Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. ...... Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 9. (2023 新课标Ⅱ卷 B) Turning soil pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. ...... She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 10. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷) Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. …… “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework……. Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier. C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 11. (2019 全国Ⅱ卷) During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. …… Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. …… In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). …… Dr. Prinstein has also found …… In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 12. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. ...... BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 11. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 13. (2024 全国甲卷 B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. ...... Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 7. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 14. (2024 北京卷 B) When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. ...... Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success. C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 15. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. …… That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit，whose company provided the statistics for the report. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 16. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 C) BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 10. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 17. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 B) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 18. (2023 全国乙卷 D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. 12. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 19. (2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 D) This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 20. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 例 21. (2019 全国Ⅱ卷) Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior 对象关键词：_____________________________________________________________ 事件关键词: ______________________________________________________________ 答案： 1. The sea horse isn’t like most fish. / 2. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun./ 3. D/ 4. 1. main idea/ central idea, 2. mainly about, 3. the best title, the best title/ 5. D/ 6. B/ 7. A/ 8. D/ 9. B/ 10. B/ 11. A/ 12. A/ 13. B/ 14. D/ 15. A/ 16. D/ 17. D/ 18. A/ 19. B/ 20. B/ 21. A 阅读理解专题主旨大意 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$