Unit 4 Natural Disasters（人与自然：自然灾害防范与自我保护)【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters（人教版2019） 人与自然：自然灾害防范与自我保护 单元引言解读 Live to Tell：Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. —United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016) 释义：减灾意识，减少人员伤亡”是2016年国际减灾日的活动主题，目的是呼吁全球各地的人们重视自然灾害，树立防灾意识“用生命呼吁：增强。 启示：自然灾害是人类生存和发展的巨大障碍。联合国大会于1989年指定10月的第二个星期三为减少自然灾害国际日，2009年改为每年的10月13日。每年设置不同的主题，以增强人们的减灾意识，减少灾害风险。 名言名句积累 人与自然：自然灾害防范与自我保护 1．Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.—Victor Hugo 大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。——维克多·雨果 2．Disasters are not terrible, but what is terrible is that there is no hope in our hearts. 灾难并不可怕，可怕的是我们的心中没有了希望。 3．In the face of disaster, the greatest strength is to work together, and be united as one. 灾难面前，最伟大的力量就是齐心协力，众志成城。 4．The disaster is heartless, but man has emotions. 灾难无情人有情。 时文拓展阅读 Researchers: Protecting 1% of Earth’s Surface Would Save Rare Wildlife A recent report by environmental researchers says that protecting 1.2 percent of the Earth's land surface could prevent most extinctions. Extinction is the permanent disappearance of an animal or plant from the Earth.The researchers estimated that such an expansion of nature preserves would cost about $263 billion. In 2022, United Nations delegates to the COP15 meeting in Montreal, Canada, promised to protect 30 percent of the Earth's surface by 2030. The U.N. calls the promise the "30-by-30 target." It aims to protect plants and animals severely affected by climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction. In October, U.N. delegates will gather for a COP16 biodiversity meeting in Colombia to discuss plans for reaching the 30-by-30 goal. The recent study was published in Frontiers in Science. In it, the researchers aimed to identify the highest value areas around the world. Carlos Peres said he hopes the areas identified will be included in protection plans. Peres was a co-writer of the study and is a conservation ecology expert at the University of East Anglia in Britain. Perese said, "Most countries do not actually have a strategy."He said, "The 30-by-30 targets still lack a lot of details because it doesn't actually say what 30 percent should be protected." The study's proposed protections would cover an additional 1.6 million square kilometers. This is an area about one fifth the size of the United States. The study includes 16,825 sites that are home to rare and threatened wildlife.It is estimated that nearly 16 percent of the world's surface already has some level of protection. The study estimated that the cost of purchasing land by governments would be about $263 billion. Many of these areas include private property and would be bought at current market values over the next five years."Time is not on our side," Peres said, "because it will become increasingly more expensive and more difficult to set aside additional protected areas." Most of the cost of creating protected areas is in buying the land. The study did not consider the costs for policing and maintaining the nature preserves.About three-quarters of the sites are tropical forests. The Philippines, Brazil, and Indonesia are home to more than half of the high-valued areas. Russia is the one country with the most high-valued areas. The study said about 138,000 square kilometers should be the target of conservation. Several African countries are also at the top of the list. Madagascar has the fourth-highest number of areas. And the Democratic Republic of Congo has the largest area targeted for conservation in Africa. The United States is among the top 30 countries in the study. The study said about 0.6 percent of the U.S. should be targeted for conservation. That is an area about the size of the state of Delaware. The researchers only considered land and freshwater areas. They did not consider oceans or marine protected areas. The study also did not include kinds of animals such as invertebrates, or animals without a backbone, like insects.The U.S.-based nonprofit group One Earth paid for the study. 【译文欣赏】 研究人员：保护1%的地球表面将拯救珍稀野生动物 环境研究人员最近的一份报告称，保护地球1.2%的陆地表面可以防止大多数物种灭绝。 灭绝是指动物或植物从地球上永久消失。研究人员估计，扩大自然保护区将耗资约2630亿美元。 2022年，在加拿大蒙特利尔举行的COP15会议上，联合国代表承诺到2030年保护30%的地球表面。联合国将这一承诺称为“30乘30的目标”。它旨在保护受气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏严重影响的动植物。 10月，联合国代表将齐聚哥伦比亚参加COP16生物多样性会议，讨论实现30乘30目标的计划。 最近的研究发表在《科学前沿》上。在该研究中，研究人员旨在确定世界上价值最高的地区。卡洛斯·佩雷斯表示，他希望所确定的地区将被纳入保护计划。佩雷斯是这项研究的合著者，也是英国东安格利亚大学的保护生态学专家。 佩雷斯说：“大多数国家实际上并没有一个战略。”他说：“30乘30的目标仍然缺乏很多细节，因为它并没有真正说明30%应该受到保护。” 该研究提出的保护措施将覆盖额外的160万平方公里。这个地区的面积大约是美国的五分之一。该研究包括16825个稀有和受威胁野生动物的栖息地。据估计，世界上近16%的地表已经得到了一定程度的保护。 该研究估计，政府购买土地的成本约为2630亿美元。其中许多地区包括私人房产，将在未来五年内以当前市场价值购买。佩雷斯说：“时间不在我们这边，因为设立额外的保护区将变得越来越昂贵和困难。” 建立保护区的大部分成本都在购买土地上。该研究没有考虑维持自然保护区治安和维护的成本。大约四分之三的地点是热带森林。菲律宾、巴西和印度尼西亚拥有超过一半的高价值地区。 俄罗斯是一个拥有最高价值地区的国家。该研究称，大约13.8万平方公里应该成为保护目标。 一些非洲国家也位居榜首。马达加斯加的面积排名第四。刚果民主共和国拥有非洲最大的保护区。 美国是该研究中排名前30的国家之一。该研究称，美国约0.6%的地区应该成为保护目标。这是一个大约特拉华州大小的地区。 研究人员只考虑了陆地和淡水地区。他们没有考虑海洋或海洋保护区。这项研究也没有包括无脊椎动物等动物，也没有包括昆虫等没有脊椎的动物。总部位于美国的非营利组织One Earth为这项研究提供了资金。【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 preserve –n. a protected area for a special purpose 保护，维护 habitat –n. a place where wildlife naturally lives 栖息地 biodiversity –n. the condition of having many different kinds of plants and animals in a place 生物多样性 conservation –n. efforts to preserve and maintain natural lands and resources 保护，保存 ecology –n. the study of relationships between living things 生态学 strategy –n. a long-term plan to reach a goal 策略，行动计划 expensive –adj. costly; requiring a lot of money 昂贵的 tropical –n. related to areas of the Earth between about 22 degrees north and 22 degrees south latitude热带的 marine –adj. related to the sea or oceans 海洋的，海产的，海运的，海事的 【知识拓展】 美国之后，荒野保护的理念逐步向全球扩展，开始于1977年的世界荒野大会起到了重要的引领和推动作用。IUCN于1994年将“荒野保护区”列为一种独立的自然保护地类型，在国际荒野保护运动中具有里程碑式的意义。根据IUCN《荒野保护地管理指南》，截至2016年，世界上共有48个国家和地区通过法律认定了荒野保护区，23个国家和地区通过行政手段建立了荒野区或自然保护地中的荒野功能区。 【词汇延伸】 delegates代表会议代表授把委托选派delegate的第三人称单数和复数 affected by影响受到……的影响 climate change气候变化 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国甲卷真题C篇）The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 1．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A．It runs across countries. B．It reserves seats for the seniors. C．It functions as a hospital. D．It travels along a river. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A．It is heavily populated. B．It offers training for doctors. C．It is a modern city. D．It needs medical aid. 3．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A．About a year. B．About ten months. C．About two months. D．About two weeks. 4．What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. ( 观点态度 题 无论是何种类型的语篇，作者在写作时，往往会对语篇的主要话题、或某个话题发表自己的观点，阐释自己的态度。有时候，语篇中的人物也会对具体的话题发表观点。对作者或语篇中的人物就某个话题发表的观点和持有的态度进行推断是高考英语经常考查的技能之一。本期我们结合高考真题，就如何解答观点态度题进行相关技巧的点拨。 常用的 解题技巧 有： 1. 找出作者或语篇中的人物表达观点时所使用的具有 感情色彩 的词或短语，根据这些词语的 褒贬含义 进行推断； 2. 根据作者或语篇中的人物在语篇中就某话题讨论时，所举的 例子 ，推断其弦外之音； 3. 通过概括 全文主旨 ，推断作者的观点和态度。 ) ( The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. ① 句子主干主语是The government，has struggled是谓语动词，to come up with measures是to do不定式结构作宾语，to address the problem是to do不定式结构作后置定语，来修饰measures；② particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River是介词短语作地点状语，of the Volga River是介词短语作后置定语，修饰areas east ； ③ including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs是现在分词短语作状语，进行举例，列举了政府为解决问题所考虑的具体措施，by video chat是介词短语作方式状语，修饰arranging；④ to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk是to do不定式结构作目的状语，修饰expanding financial aid programs，表示扩大财政援助计划的目的；doctors作动词motivate的宾语，to practice medicine是to do不定式结构作宾语补足语，in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk是介词短语作地点状语 【 翻译 】政府一直在努力采取措施来解决这个问题，尤其是在伏尔加河东部的较贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，以及扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家的偏远地区从事医疗工作。 ) ( government-sponsored adj ； queue v ； modernization n ； address v ； Refuel v （ re- = again ）； checkup n ； focused adj ； concerned adj ； ambiguous adj on board ； medical care ； in serious need of ； struggle to do sth ； come up with ； practice medicine ； allow for ； function as ； Heavily populated （ populate v 居住于） ) 【全文翻译】  圣卢卡斯火车不接受乘客——它只接受病人。圣卢卡斯是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，它们前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每站平均停留两天，在这段时间里，列车上的医生和护士为农村居民提供基本的医疗护理、X光扫描和处方。 “人们从清晨开始排队预约，”德国摄影师埃米尔·杜克说，他在11月与圣卢卡斯的工作人员一起进行了为期两周的旅行，穿越了广阔的克拉斯诺亚尔斯克和哈卡斯地区。 俄罗斯的公共卫生服务急需现代化。政府一直在努力采取措施解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生的预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在像克拉斯诺亚尔斯克这样的偏远地区行医。 圣卢卡斯的年度到来是改善情况的另一次尝试。每年10个月，火车在两周内大约停靠8个站点，然后返回地区首府加油和补货。接下来在下个月重新开始。大多数站点之间要等待大约一年。 医生每天要看多达150名病人。火车上的设备允许进行基本的体检。“我对医生和他们的助手在如此狭小的空间里工作和居住，但仍然保持专注和非常关心印象深刻，”杜克说。“他们成为了许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。” （二） （23-24高一下·云南保山·期末）In the hottest months of each year, many powerful storms are born in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen cause the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are named hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as harmless circling disturbances (大气搅动) hundreds, even thousands, of miles out at sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just night, warm, wet air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In this course, the wetness in this warm air produces rains, and with it the heat is changed into energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl (旋转) in a counter-clockwise (逆时针) motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The hidden energy of the heat given off by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the US for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore. 5．What is the most serious loss that hurricanes lead to? A．Strong winds. B．People’s death. C．Heavy rainstorms. D．A large amount of money. 6．In which season does a hurricane usually occur? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 7．The underlined word ”downpour“ probably refers to__________. A．heavy rainfall B．downward waves C．the pour of seawater D．the movement of circling disturbances 8．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The motion of counter-clockwise swirling. B．The process of changing strong winds into storms. C．The main cause of a hurricane and its severe destruction. D．The hidden energy shown through destructive hurricanes. （三） （2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·模拟预测）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes. However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently, Terra Seismic, an earthquake forecasting company, can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 9．Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult? A．Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown. B．Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood. C．Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible. D．It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses. 10．Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes? A．To explain why Pherecydes was famous. B．To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature. C．To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history. D．To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction. 11．What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4? A．Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake. B．Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes. C．Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released. D．Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake. 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The reasons for earthquake forecasting. B．The history of earthquake forecasting. C．The methods of earthquake forecasting. D．The future of earthquake forecasting. （四） （2024高二下·湖北·学业考试）Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya. The 6.8-magnitude(震级)quake in Morocco was the strongest the country has seen in a century. Some 300,000 people have been affected, according to the UN. Many people have been sleeping outside, having lost their homes, or in case aftershocks cause more buildings to collapse. At press time(发稿时间), close to 3,000 people had died. “It’s a major disaster, ” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is. ” There are some people in Morocco who say their government has been too slow in sending help to these villages. Neighbors have had to take action to help one another. “I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).”    In Libya, floodwaters broke through dams near the port city of Derna on September. The Wadi Derna river overflowed and swept through the city. Floors in apartment buildings collapsed. Several other towns suffered damage. Families have taken shelter in schools and government buildings. The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help, and countries in the region are also offering help. 13．How did Salah Ancheu feel according to Paragraph 3? A．Depressed. B．Confident C．Optimistic. 14．Who saved Fatna Bechar? A．His neighbours. B．His colleagues. C．His families. 15．What do we know about from the last paragraphs? A．Floodwaters broke through dams on October. B．Families have taken shelter in tents and hotels. C．The US is working with the UN to offer help. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Disasters in North Africa B．People Suffered in Disasters C．The UN Offered Help in Disasters （五） （23-24高一下·河南周口·阶段练习）Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age. 17 , but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters. Let’s see how to talk to your children about natural disasters correctly. ● Be honest When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it. 18 . They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on. Give proper explanations or even check books out from the library. ● 19 Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns. Deal with any of their fears, big or small, and provide some kind of comfort. Whether these disasters are happening far away or close to home, they need to know that you will keep them safe. ● Make a plan for your family There is no place on Earth that is free from possibly suffering some type of natural disaster. All families should have a disaster plan and emergency supplies at home. Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children. 20 . ● Talk about the helpers 21 . The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety. A．Answer questions B．Take away your children’s fears C．It is completely natural to be afraid D．They just have to wait with nothing to do E．It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens F．Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children G．Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster （六） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·河南濮阳·期末）Last week, firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call. It was about a (n) 22 house fire. On learning about the news, they 23 at once. When they arrived at the spot, they were 24 that the owners were away on a tour, which greatly 25 the firefighters’ worries. However, their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house, which was really 26 . After several failed 27 , the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door and 28 to save Lottie. While other firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the fire, Richard and Katie took care of Lottie. The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 29 when they touched her. Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 30 after 20 minutes. Her eyes gradually 31 . To aid Lottie further, she was then 32 placed in an oxygen tent overnight and was expected to regain her full health. Reflecting on the operation, Kenny McLaughlin, the Crew Manager at Lincoln South fire station and incident commander, couldn’t hide his 33 for his team. “Our firefighters’ immediate response is worth 34 . Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 35 people and animals from burning houses, but at the same time we 36 the danger it means to both us and those trapped in the fire. In this case, Lottie was lucky enough to keep alive.” So far, the cause of the fire has still been unknown. 22．A．unfamiliar B．sudden C．expected D．previous 23．A．turned around B．broke down C．set off D．gave up 24．A．informed B．promised C．warned D．taught 25．A．proved B．increased C．replaced D．relieved 26．A．unnecessary B．unlucky C．unavoidable D．unbelievable 27．A．attempts B．experiments C．comparisons D．examinations 28．A．remembered B．happened C．managed D．hesitated 29．A．mistake B．reaction C．progress D．difference 30．A．satisfaction B．aging C．success D．recovery 31．A．opened B．narrowed C．watered D．lowered 32．A．bravely B．secretly C．carefully D．accidentally 33．A．responsibility B．admiration C．pity D．desire 34．A．checking B．considering C．explaining D．praising 35．A．saving B．comforting C．reporting D．following 36．A．remove B．control C．know D．explore （七） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·河南南阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marshall Helm, 37 80-year-old Air Force ex-soldier from Salem, Illinois, had been walking his granddaughter to the bus stop early in the morning when the bus driver drew his attention to the smoke and flames 38 (arise) from the house next door. Helm ran over to the endangered home and threw open the garage door only 39 (find) flames climbing up one of the building 40 (wall). Though the Vietnam ex-soldier has been battling cancer, he did not hesitate to charge past the flames and into the house so he could make sure his neighbors 41 (be) safe. Gary and Kathy Benjamin had been sleeping upstairs when they 42 (awake) to hear Helm shouting about the fire. Although they were 43 (confuse) by the noise, they managed to run into the hallway and escape with Helm 44 the backdoor just as the flames were filling the garage door 45 he had come in only a minute before. Thanks to Helm’s quick actions, the Benjamins suffered only minor smoke intake—and even though they lost their home in the fire, they are 46 (simple) grateful to Helm for saving their lives. “Lifesaver—lifesaver is all I can say,” Mr. Benjamin told KMOV. His wife added, “Hero, he’s our angel.” （八） 书面表达 47．（23-24高一下·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? All of a sudden, the dinner table moved and the door was forced open. Water poured in. Mary burst out crying. “Upstairs!” Dad ordered. They rushed to the second floor, only to find the whole neighborhood had been surrounded by water. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then they heard a helicopter (直升机) flying in the distance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“自然灾害防范与自我保护”。本单元的写作项目“写摘要”(Write a summary)属于概要写作的范畴。概要写作是课标就应用类文体对学生提出的写作要求之一。这一题型主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和获取关键词的能力，同时也考查考生的写作能力，即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一下·山东烟台·阶段练习）假设你是高一学生李华，你从新闻上得知你的好友Peter的家乡发生了地震，请你给他写一封英文慰问信。 要点如下： 1. 对其表示关心和安慰； 2. 使其增加重建家园的信心。 注意： 1. 词数80-100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua $$必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters（人教版2019） 人与自然：自然灾害防范与自我保护 单元引言解读 Live to Tell：Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. —United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016) 释义：减灾意识，减少人员伤亡”是2016年国际减灾日的活动主题，目的是呼吁全球各地的人们重视自然灾害，树立防灾意识“用生命呼吁：增强。 启示：自然灾害是人类生存和发展的巨大障碍。联合国大会于1989年指定10月的第二个星期三为减少自然灾害国际日，2009年改为每年的10月13日。每年设置不同的主题，以增强人们的减灾意识，减少灾害风险。 名言名句积累 人与自然：自然灾害防范与自我保护 1．Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.—Victor Hugo 大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。——维克多·雨果 2．Disasters are not terrible, but what is terrible is that there is no hope in our hearts. 灾难并不可怕，可怕的是我们的心中没有了希望。 3．In the face of disaster, the greatest strength is to work together, and be united as one. 灾难面前，最伟大的力量就是齐心协力，众志成城。 4．The disaster is heartless, but man has emotions. 灾难无情人有情。 时文拓展阅读 Researchers: Protecting 1% of Earth’s Surface Would Save Rare Wildlife A recent report by environmental researchers says that protecting 1.2 percent of the Earth's land surface could prevent most extinctions. Extinction is the permanent disappearance of an animal or plant from the Earth.The researchers estimated that such an expansion of nature preserves would cost about $263 billion. In 2022, United Nations delegates to the COP15 meeting in Montreal, Canada, promised to protect 30 percent of the Earth's surface by 2030. The U.N. calls the promise the "30-by-30 target." It aims to protect plants and animals severely affected by climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction. In October, U.N. delegates will gather for a COP16 biodiversity meeting in Colombia to discuss plans for reaching the 30-by-30 goal. The recent study was published in Frontiers in Science. In it, the researchers aimed to identify the highest value areas around the world. Carlos Peres said he hopes the areas identified will be included in protection plans. Peres was a co-writer of the study and is a conservation ecology expert at the University of East Anglia in Britain. Perese said, "Most countries do not actually have a strategy."He said, "The 30-by-30 targets still lack a lot of details because it doesn't actually say what 30 percent should be protected." The study's proposed protections would cover an additional 1.6 million square kilometers. This is an area about one fifth the size of the United States. The study includes 16,825 sites that are home to rare and threatened wildlife.It is estimated that nearly 16 percent of the world's surface already has some level of protection. The study estimated that the cost of purchasing land by governments would be about $263 billion. Many of these areas include private property and would be bought at current market values over the next five years."Time is not on our side," Peres said, "because it will become increasingly more expensive and more difficult to set aside additional protected areas." Most of the cost of creating protected areas is in buying the land. The study did not consider the costs for policing and maintaining the nature preserves.About three-quarters of the sites are tropical forests. The Philippines, Brazil, and Indonesia are home to more than half of the high-valued areas. Russia is the one country with the most high-valued areas. The study said about 138,000 square kilometers should be the target of conservation. Several African countries are also at the top of the list. Madagascar has the fourth-highest number of areas. And the Democratic Republic of Congo has the largest area targeted for conservation in Africa. The United States is among the top 30 countries in the study. The study said about 0.6 percent of the U.S. should be targeted for conservation. That is an area about the size of the state of Delaware. The researchers only considered land and freshwater areas. They did not consider oceans or marine protected areas. The study also did not include kinds of animals such as invertebrates, or animals without a backbone, like insects.The U.S.-based nonprofit group One Earth paid for the study. 【译文欣赏】 研究人员：保护1%的地球表面将拯救珍稀野生动物 环境研究人员最近的一份报告称，保护地球1.2%的陆地表面可以防止大多数物种灭绝。 灭绝是指动物或植物从地球上永久消失。研究人员估计，扩大自然保护区将耗资约2630亿美元。 2022年，在加拿大蒙特利尔举行的COP15会议上，联合国代表承诺到2030年保护30%的地球表面。联合国将这一承诺称为“30乘30的目标”。它旨在保护受气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏严重影响的动植物。 10月，联合国代表将齐聚哥伦比亚参加COP16生物多样性会议，讨论实现30乘30目标的计划。 最近的研究发表在《科学前沿》上。在该研究中，研究人员旨在确定世界上价值最高的地区。卡洛斯·佩雷斯表示，他希望所确定的地区将被纳入保护计划。佩雷斯是这项研究的合著者，也是英国东安格利亚大学的保护生态学专家。 佩雷斯说：“大多数国家实际上并没有一个战略。”他说：“30乘30的目标仍然缺乏很多细节，因为它并没有真正说明30%应该受到保护。” 该研究提出的保护措施将覆盖额外的160万平方公里。这个地区的面积大约是美国的五分之一。该研究包括16825个稀有和受威胁野生动物的栖息地。据估计，世界上近16%的地表已经得到了一定程度的保护。 该研究估计，政府购买土地的成本约为2630亿美元。其中许多地区包括私人房产，将在未来五年内以当前市场价值购买。佩雷斯说：“时间不在我们这边，因为设立额外的保护区将变得越来越昂贵和困难。” 建立保护区的大部分成本都在购买土地上。该研究没有考虑维持自然保护区治安和维护的成本。大约四分之三的地点是热带森林。菲律宾、巴西和印度尼西亚拥有超过一半的高价值地区。 俄罗斯是一个拥有最高价值地区的国家。该研究称，大约13.8万平方公里应该成为保护目标。 一些非洲国家也位居榜首。马达加斯加的面积排名第四。刚果民主共和国拥有非洲最大的保护区。 美国是该研究中排名前30的国家之一。该研究称，美国约0.6%的地区应该成为保护目标。这是一个大约特拉华州大小的地区。 研究人员只考虑了陆地和淡水地区。他们没有考虑海洋或海洋保护区。这项研究也没有包括无脊椎动物等动物，也没有包括昆虫等没有脊椎的动物。总部位于美国的非营利组织One Earth为这项研究提供了资金。【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 preserve –n. a protected area for a special purpose 保护，维护 habitat –n. a place where wildlife naturally lives 栖息地 biodiversity –n. the condition of having many different kinds of plants and animals in a place 生物多样性 conservation –n. efforts to preserve and maintain natural lands and resources 保护，保存 ecology –n. the study of relationships between living things 生态学 strategy –n. a long-term plan to reach a goal 策略，行动计划 expensive –adj. costly; requiring a lot of money 昂贵的 tropical –n. related to areas of the Earth between about 22 degrees north and 22 degrees south latitude热带的 marine –adj. related to the sea or oceans 海洋的，海产的，海运的，海事的 【知识拓展】 美国之后，荒野保护的理念逐步向全球扩展，开始于1977年的世界荒野大会起到了重要的引领和推动作用。IUCN于1994年将“荒野保护区”列为一种独立的自然保护地类型，在国际荒野保护运动中具有里程碑式的意义。根据IUCN《荒野保护地管理指南》，截至2016年，世界上共有48个国家和地区通过法律认定了荒野保护区，23个国家和地区通过行政手段建立了荒野区或自然保护地中的荒野功能区。 【词汇延伸】 delegates代表会议代表授把委托选派delegate的第三人称单数和复数 affected by影响受到……的影响 climate change气候变化 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国甲卷真题C篇）The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 1．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A．It runs across countries. B．It reserves seats for the seniors. C．It functions as a hospital. D．It travels along a river. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A．It is heavily populated. B．It offers training for doctors. C．It is a modern city. D．It needs medical aid. 3．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A．About a year. B．About ten months. C．About two months. D．About two weeks. 4．What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. 【答案速查】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 1．细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。故选C。 2．推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 3．细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 4．推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 ( 观点态度 题 无论是何种类型的语篇，作者在写作时，往往会对语篇的主要话题、或某个话题发表自己的观点，阐释自己的态度。有时候，语篇中的人物也会对具体的话题发表观点。对作者或语篇中的人物就某个话题发表的观点和持有的态度进行推断是高考英语经常考查的技能之一。 本期我们结合高考真题，就如何解答观点态度题进行相关技巧的点拨。 常用的 解题技巧 有： 1. 找出作者或语篇中的人物表达观点时所使用的具有 感情色彩 的词或短语，根据这些词语的 褒贬含义 进行推断； 2. 根据作者或语篇中的人物在语篇中就某话题讨论时，所举的 例子 ，推断其弦外之音； 3. 通过概括 全文主旨 ，推断作者的观点和态度。 ) ( The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. ① 句子主干主语是The government，has struggled是谓语动词，to come up with measures是to do不定式结构作宾语，to address the problem是to do不定式结构作后置定语，来修饰measures； ② particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River是介词短语作地点状语，of the Volga River是介词短语作后置定语，修饰areas east， ③ including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs是现在分词短语作状语，进行举例，列举了政府为解决问题所考虑的具体措施，by video chat是介词短语作方式状语，修饰arranging； ④ to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk是to do不定式结构作目的状语，修饰expanding financial aid programs，表示扩大财政援助计划的目的；doctors作动词motivate的宾语，to practice medicine是to do不定式结构作宾语补足语，in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk是介词短语作地点状语 【 翻译 】政府一直在努力采取措施来解决这个问题，尤其是在伏尔加河东部的较贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，以及扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家的偏远地区从事医疗工作。 ) ( government-sponsored adj 由政府资助的； queue v 排队（等候）； modernization n 现代化； address v 解决，处理； Refuel v 补充燃料，加油（ re- = again ）； checkup n 检查，（尤指）体检； focused adj 注意力集中的； concerned adj 关切的，关心的； ambiguous adj 模棱两可的，不明确的 on board 在火车上（或船上、飞机上）； medical care 医疗护理； in serious need of 急需； struggle to do sth 努力做某事； come up with 想到，提出； practice medicine 行医； allow for 使……有可能； function as 作……用，具有……功能； Heavily populated 人口密集的（ populate v 居住于） ) 【全文翻译】  圣卢卡斯火车不接受乘客——它只接受病人。圣卢卡斯是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，它们前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每站平均停留两天，在这段时间里，列车上的医生和护士为农村居民提供基本的医疗护理、X光扫描和处方。 “人们从清晨开始排队预约，”德国摄影师埃米尔·杜克说，他在11月与圣卢卡斯的工作人员一起进行了为期两周的旅行，穿越了广阔的克拉斯诺亚尔斯克和哈卡斯地区。 俄罗斯的公共卫生服务急需现代化。政府一直在努力采取措施解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生的预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在像克拉斯诺亚尔斯克这样的偏远地区行医。 圣卢卡斯的年度到来是改善情况的另一次尝试。每年10个月，火车在两周内大约停靠8个站点，然后返回地区首府加油和补货。接下来在下个月重新开始。大多数站点之间要等待大约一年。 医生每天要看多达150名病人。火车上的设备允许进行基本的体检。“我对医生和他们的助手在如此狭小的空间里工作和居住，但仍然保持专注和非常关心印象深刻，”杜克说。“他们成为了许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。” （二） （23-24高一下·云南保山·期末）In the hottest months of each year, many powerful storms are born in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen cause the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are named hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as harmless circling disturbances (大气搅动) hundreds, even thousands, of miles out at sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just night, warm, wet air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In this course, the wetness in this warm air produces rains, and with it the heat is changed into energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl (旋转) in a counter-clockwise (逆时针) motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The hidden energy of the heat given off by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the US for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore. 5．What is the most serious loss that hurricanes lead to? A．Strong winds. B．People’s death. C．Heavy rainstorms. D．A large amount of money. 6．In which season does a hurricane usually occur? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 7．The underlined word ”downpour“ probably refers to__________. A．heavy rainfall B．downward waves C．the pour of seawater D．the movement of circling disturbances 8．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The motion of counter-clockwise swirling. B．The process of changing strong winds into storms. C．The main cause of a hurricane and its severe destruction. D．The hidden energy shown through destructive hurricanes. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飓风的形成原理和它造成的严重破坏。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people.(在那里，它们造成数百万美元的损失，最严重的是，造成大量人死亡)”可知，飓风最严重的是会导致大量人员的死亡。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds.(当它们漫无目的地在被夏日阳光温暖的海面上航行时，信风将它们向西吹去)”可知飓风通常发生在夏天。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane.(在飓风中，造成死亡和破坏的主要来源是水，而不是风)”以及划线词所在句“A typical (典型) hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods.”可知，一场典型的飓风会带来 6到12 英寸的downpour，导致突发的洪水。导致洪水的应该是暴雨。故划线词意思是“暴雨”。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据全文结构可知: 第一段引出飓风的话题以及飓风造成的危害; 第二段讲解了飓风的初级形态形成过程; 第三段讲解了飓风的终极形态及其巨大的破坏力。故这篇文章主要讲的是飓风的主要原因及其严重破坏。故选C。 （三） （2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·模拟预测）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes. However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently, Terra Seismic, an earthquake forecasting company, can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 9．Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult? A．Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown. B．Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood. C．Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible. D．It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses. 10．Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes? A．To explain why Pherecydes was famous. B．To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature. C．To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history. D．To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction. 11．What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4? A．Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake. B．Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes. C．Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released. D．Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake. 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The reasons for earthquake forecasting. B．The history of earthquake forecasting. C．The methods of earthquake forecasting. D．The future of earthquake forecasting. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震预报是人类古老的技能，科学家们从古至今不断尝试开发预测地震的工具，但地震预测面临诸多挑战。总体上，地震预测仍是一个难题。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill (然而，预测地震如此困难的原因有很多。“我们不了解地震的一些基本物理原理，”Egill说)”可知，地震预报如此困难是因为地震的一些基本物理原理是未知的。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. (古希腊人生活得非常接近自然，能够检测不寻常的现象和预测地震。已知的第一个预测是2500年前锡罗斯的毕达哥拉斯做出的：他从一口井里舀水时注意到，通常非常干净的水突然变得浑浊了。事实上，两天后发生了地震，毕达哥拉斯因此而出名。)”可推知，作者给出毕达哥拉斯成功预测地震的例子是为了说明古希腊时期就存在地震预测了，表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes (科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震)”和“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction. (没有人能够破解它并做出可靠的预测。)”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. (地震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。)”可知，文章讨论了古代和现代的地震预报方法，包括科学家们通过寻找可靠的先兆、建立数学模型以及使用地震和遥感方法等各种手段来预测地震的尝试。文章还涉及地震预测的局限性和挑战，例如缺乏对基本物理原理和早期预警信号的了解，以及无法预测超过一定深度的地震。因此，文章关注的是地震预测过程中涉及的方法和挑战。故选C项。 （四） （2024高二下·湖北·学业考试）Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya. The 6.8-magnitude(震级)quake in Morocco was the strongest the country has seen in a century. Some 300,000 people have been affected, according to the UN. Many people have been sleeping outside, having lost their homes, or in case aftershocks cause more buildings to collapse. At press time(发稿时间), close to 3,000 people had died. “It’s a major disaster, ” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is. ” There are some people in Morocco who say their government has been too slow in sending help to these villages. Neighbors have had to take action to help one another. “I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).”    In Libya, floodwaters broke through dams near the port city of Derna on September. The Wadi Derna river overflowed and swept through the city. Floors in apartment buildings collapsed. Several other towns suffered damage. Families have taken shelter in schools and government buildings. The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help, and countries in the region are also offering help. 13．How did Salah Ancheu feel according to Paragraph 3? A．Depressed. B．Confident C．Optimistic. 14．Who saved Fatna Bechar? A．His neighbours. B．His colleagues. C．His families. 15．What do we know about from the last paragraphs? A．Floodwaters broke through dams on October. B．Families have taken shelter in tents and hotels. C．The US is working with the UN to offer help. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Disasters in North Africa B．People Suffered in Disasters C．The UN Offered Help in Disasters 【答案】13．A 14．A 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在北非的摩洛哥和利比亚遭遇的两种自然灾害的袭击。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段““It’s a major disaster,” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is.”(“这是一场重大灾难，”住在阿米兹米兹村的萨拉赫·安楚说，“我们不知道未来会怎样。”）可知，萨拉赫·安楚不知道未来会怎样，可推理出说话者感到沮丧。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段““I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).””（“地震发生时我正在睡觉，”住在穆莱·易卜拉欣的法特纳·贝查尔说。“我的邻居清理了瓦砾救了我。”）可知，是邻居救了法特纳·贝查尔。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help(美国表示，它正在与联合国合作，研究如何提供最佳帮助)”可知，美国正在与联合国合作提供帮助。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya(北非救援工作持续进行，该地区遭受了两次重大自然灾害的袭击。9月8日摩洛哥发生了地震。两天后，雨水给利比亚部分地区带来了毁灭性的洪水)”、第三段““It’s a major disaster,” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is.”(“这是一场重大灾难，”住在阿米兹米兹村的萨拉赫·安楚说，“我们不知道未来会怎样。”）以及最后一段“The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help(美国表示，它正在与联合国合作，研究如何提供最佳帮助)”可知，文章主要讲述了北非地区遭受地震和洪水这两种自然灾害，以及其带来的破坏和救援情况。A项“Disasters in North Africa(北非的灾难）”表达的含义适合用做本文标题。故选 A。 （五） （23-24高一下·河南周口·阶段练习）Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age. 17 , but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters. Let’s see how to talk to your children about natural disasters correctly. ● Be honest When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it. 18 . They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on. Give proper explanations or even check books out from the library. ● 19 Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns. Deal with any of their fears, big or small, and provide some kind of comfort. Whether these disasters are happening far away or close to home, they need to know that you will keep them safe. ● Make a plan for your family There is no place on Earth that is free from possibly suffering some type of natural disaster. All families should have a disaster plan and emergency supplies at home. Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children. 20 . ● Talk about the helpers 21 . The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety. A．Answer questions B．Take away your children’s fears C．It is completely natural to be afraid D．They just have to wait with nothing to do E．It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens F．Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children G．Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster 【答案】17．C 18．F 19．B 20．E 21．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何和孩子谈论自然灾害让孩子正确地面对。 17．根据空前的“Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age.(自然灾害可以引起人们在任何年龄的恐惧。)”可知，任何年龄段的人对自然灾害都有恐惧，结合空后的“but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters.(但是你确实对你的孩子如何面对可能的灾难有很大的影响。)”可知，成人对孩子如何面对灾难有很大的影响，与此空为转折关系，由此可知，此空应是承接上文，且与空后内容为转折关系，C选项“It is completely natural to be afraid(害怕是完全正常的)”讲述的内容承接上文讲述的“任何年龄段的人对自然灾害都会感到恐惧”，且与空后的内容为转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。 18．根据空前的“When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it.(当有关于自然灾害的信息时，尽量不要隐藏它。)”可知，出现自然灾难时不要去隐藏，结合空后的“They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on.(他们可能想知道更多关于自然灾害的位置和路径。)”可知，孩子们可能想知道更多关于自然灾害的情况，由此可知，此空应涉及到出现自然灾害时应如何处理，F选项“Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children(相反，提供详细的信息和解释可以帮助你的孩子平静下来)”讲述的内容是要给孩子同自然灾难的信息和解释对孩子有帮助，与空前内容为转折关系，其中的instead为关键信息，且空后的they指的是F选项中的your children。故选F项。 19．分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句，根据小标下的“Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns.(问问你的孩子他们紧张的是什么，这样你就可以解决他们的担忧。)”可知，本段主要讲述的事如何做帮助孩子战胜恐惧，B选项“Take away your children’s fears(消除孩子们的恐惧)”讲述的内容符合本段的内容，且概括了本段的主题。故选B项。 20．根据本段的主题句“Make a plan for your family(为你的家庭制定一个计划)”可知，本段主要讲述的是为家庭制定一个计划，结合空前的“Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children.(制定一个家庭安全计划，并与你的孩子分享。)”可知，制定一个家庭安全计划，并且与孩子分享，由此可知，此空应进一步讲述这样做的结果是什么，E选项“It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens(它可以让他们为灾难发生时的应对做好准备)”讲述的内容进一步对空前内容做出解释，其中的it指代的为空前提到的制定的家庭安全计划，符合语境。故选E项。 21．根据本段的主题句“Talk about the helpers(谈论救援者)”可知，本段讲述的是与孩子讨论一下帮助者的相关情况，G选项“Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster(告诉你的孩子在灾难中出现的不同类型的救援者)”中涉及到了救援者的相关情况，其中的helpers为词汇复现，且与本段讲述的内容与空后“The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety.(消防员、护理人员(护理人员)和其他灾难服务人员将在紧急情况下提供帮助的想法有助于孩子们消除一些焦虑。)”提到的救援者的相关信息，符合语境。故选G项。 （六） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·河南濮阳·期末）Last week, firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call. It was about a (n) 22 house fire. On learning about the news, they 23 at once. When they arrived at the spot, they were 24 that the owners were away on a tour, which greatly 25 the firefighters’ worries. However, their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house, which was really 26 . After several failed 27 , the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door and 28 to save Lottie. While other firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the fire, Richard and Katie took care of Lottie. The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 29 when they touched her. Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 30 after 20 minutes. Her eyes gradually 31 . To aid Lottie further, she was then 32 placed in an oxygen tent overnight and was expected to regain her full health. Reflecting on the operation, Kenny McLaughlin, the Crew Manager at Lincoln South fire station and incident commander, couldn’t hide his 33 for his team. “Our firefighters’ immediate response is worth 34 . Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 35 people and animals from burning houses, but at the same time we 36 the danger it means to both us and those trapped in the fire. In this case, Lottie was lucky enough to keep alive.” So far, the cause of the fire has still been unknown. 22．A．unfamiliar B．sudden C．expected D．previous 23．A．turned around B．broke down C．set off D．gave up 24．A．informed B．promised C．warned D．taught 25．A．proved B．increased C．replaced D．relieved 26．A．unnecessary B．unlucky C．unavoidable D．unbelievable 27．A．attempts B．experiments C．comparisons D．examinations 28．A．remembered B．happened C．managed D．hesitated 29．A．mistake B．reaction C．progress D．difference 30．A．satisfaction B．aging C．success D．recovery 31．A．opened B．narrowed C．watered D．lowered 32．A．bravely B．secretly C．carefully D．accidentally 33．A．responsibility B．admiration C．pity D．desire 34．A．checking B．considering C．explaining D．praising 35．A．saving B．comforting C．reporting D．following 36．A．remove B．control C．know D．explore 【答案】 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了林肯郡的消防队员在灭火过程中营救一条狗的故事。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是关于一场突如其来的房屋火灾。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. sudden突然的；C. expected预期的；D. previous以前的。根据常识和前文“firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call.”可知，火灾是突然发生的。故选B项。 23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一听到这个消息，他们立刻出发了。A. turned around转弯；B. broke down抛锚；C. set off启程，出发；D. gave up放弃。根据前文“On learning about the news”可知，消防员一听到火灾的消息，立刻出发。故选C项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们到达现场时，他们被告知主人外出旅游了，这大大减轻了消防员的担忧。A. informed通知；B. promised承诺；C. warned警告；D. taught教学。根据后文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，主人外出旅游的消息是有人告诉消防员的。故选A项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. proved证明；B. increased增加；C. replaced取代；D. relieved解除，减轻。根据前文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，火灾中没有人员被困，消防员感到轻松。故选D项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们可爱的狗，Lottie，留在了房子里，这真的很不幸。A. unnecessary不必的；B. unlucky不幸的；C. unavoidable难以避免的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据前文“their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house”可知，他们的爱狗被困火灾，这也是不幸的。故选B项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几次失败的尝试，消防队员成功地从后厨房的门进入了烟雾弥漫的房子，并设法救出了Lottie。A. attempts企图，尝试；B. experiments实验；C. comparisons比较；D. examinations检查。根据后文“the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door”可知，消防员经过几次尝试才进了房间。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remembered记住；B. happened发生；C. managed管理，设法做到；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“to save Lottie”可知，他们进了房间，设法营救那条狗。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只平时毛茸茸的白狗现在完全被烟熏黑了，更糟糕的是，当他们碰她时，她没有任何反应。A. mistake错误；B. reaction反应；C. progress进步；D. difference区别。根据前文“The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse”和后文“when they touched her”可知，狗被烟熏的晕过去了，碰它没有反应。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：戴上特制的宠物口罩，20分钟后，洛蒂就有了恢复的迹象。A. satisfaction满意；B. aging老化；C. success成功；D. recovery恢复。根据前文“Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩)”可知，经过特殊处理，狗才有了恢复的迹象。故选D项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的眼睛渐渐睁开了。A. opened打开；B. narrowed缩小；C. watered浇灌；D. lowered降低。根据前文“Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 　　9　　 after 20 minutes.”可知，狗有了恢复的迹象，慢慢睁开眼睛。故选A项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了进一步帮助Lottie，她被小心地放在一个氧气帐篷里过夜，并有望完全恢复健康。A. bravely勇敢地；B. secretly秘密地；C. carefully小心地；D. accidentally意外地。根据前文“The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 　　8　　 when they touched her.”可知，狗被烟熏受伤，被小心地放进一个氧气帐篷。故选C项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想起这次行动，林肯南消防站的机组经理兼事故指挥官Kenny McLaughlin无法掩饰对他的团队的赞赏。A. responsibility责任；B. admiration钦佩，赞赏；C. pity同情，可惜；D. desire欲望。根据后文“Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 　　14　　 people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫冲进房间拯救生命，他对自己的团队很赞赏。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们消防员的即时反应值得赞扬。A. checking检查；B. considering考虑；C. explaining解释；D. praising赞扬。根据后文“Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 　　14　　 people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫冲进房间拯救生命，他认为消防员值得赞扬。故选D项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到我们从燃烧的房屋中拯救人和动物的责任时，没有人犹豫，但与此同时，我们知道这对我们和那些被困在火中的人来说意味着危险。A. saving拯救；B. comforting安慰；C. reporting报告；D. following跟随。根据语境和后文“people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员从燃烧的房屋中拯救人和动物。故选A项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remove移除；B. control控制；C. know知道，懂得；D. explore探索。根据后文“it means to both us and those trapped in the fire”可知，消防员知道营救工作对他们和那些被困在火中的人来说意味着危险。故选C项。 （七） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·河南南阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marshall Helm, 37 80-year-old Air Force ex-soldier from Salem, Illinois, had been walking his granddaughter to the bus stop early in the morning when the bus driver drew his attention to the smoke and flames 38 (arise) from the house next door. Helm ran over to the endangered home and threw open the garage door only 39 (find) flames climbing up one of the building 40 (wall). Though the Vietnam ex-soldier has been battling cancer, he did not hesitate to charge past the flames and into the house so he could make sure his neighbors 41 (be) safe. Gary and Kathy Benjamin had been sleeping upstairs when they 42 (awake) to hear Helm shouting about the fire. Although they were 43 (confuse) by the noise, they managed to run into the hallway and escape with Helm 44 the backdoor just as the flames were filling the garage door 45 he had come in only a minute before. Thanks to Helm’s quick actions, the Benjamins suffered only minor smoke intake—and even though they lost their home in the fire, they are 46 (simple) grateful to Helm for saving their lives. “Lifesaver—lifesaver is all I can say,” Mr. Benjamin told KMOV. His wife added, “Hero, he’s our angel.” 【答案】 37．an 38．arising 39．to find 40．walls 41．were 42．awoke 43．confused 44．through 45．where 46．simply 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位退役老兵不顾生命危险，深入火海，勇救邻居一家的故事。 37．考查冠词。句意：来自伊利诺伊州塞勒姆的80岁空军退役士兵Marshall Helm一大早就在送孙女去公交车站时，公交车司机提醒他注意隔壁房子冒出的烟雾和火焰。后文ex-soldier是单数可数名词泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。连接的单词80发音以元音开头，故填an。 38．考查现在分词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，不及物动词arise和名词the smoke and flames之间是主动和进行的关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填arising。 39．考查动词不定式。句意：Helm跑到面临危险的家中，打开车库门，却发现火焰爬上了建筑物的一面墙壁。根据句意可知，此处考查only to do结构作状语，表示一种出乎意料的不良结果，故填to find。 40．考查名词复数。句意：同上。“one of +名词复数”是固定搭配，用名词复数。故填walls。 41．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然这位越战老兵一直在与癌症作斗争，但他毫不犹豫地冲过火焰，进入房子，以确保邻居们的安全。根据前文did和could可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。主谓一致，故填were。 42．考查时态。句意：Gary和Benjamin正在楼上睡觉，醒来时听到Helm在喊着火的事。根据句意和前文had been sleeping upstairs when可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填awoke。 43．考查形容词。句意：虽然他们被噪音弄糊涂了，但他们还是设法跑进走廊，就在火焰吞噬车库门时，跟着Helm从后门逃走了，此时Helm从车库门进来仅仅一分钟。根据前文they were可知，此处应用其以ed结尾的形容词confused作表语，修饰人。故填confused。 44．考查介词。句意：同上。介词through“（在立体空间中）通过”符合句意，指通过后门，逃离火海，故填through。 45．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the garage door，根据句意和句子结构，应用关系副词where引导，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 46．考查副词。句意：多亏了Helm的迅速行动，Benjamin只遭受了轻微的烟雾吸入，尽管他们在大火中失去了家园，但他们完全感谢Helm救了他们的命。修饰形容词grateful用副词。故填simply。 （八） 书面表达 47．（23-24高一下·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? All of a sudden, the dinner table moved and the door was forced open. Water poured in. Mary burst out crying. “Upstairs!” Dad ordered. They rushed to the second floor, only to find the whole neighborhood had been surrounded by water. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then they heard a helicopter (直升机) flying in the distance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Just then they heard a helicopter (直升机) flying in the distance. Its roar gradually grew louder, bringing a ray of hope in the midst of the chaos. Dad took out a flashlight from the disaster supplies bag, dashed to the window and shone a beam of light through the rain. Soon, the helicopter spotted them and hovered nearby, lowering down a rope ladder. Grasping the ladder firmly, Dad helped his wife and daughter climb up first. As they all were lifted into the air, they breathed a sigh of relief. Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. Muddy water had stained every inch of the once-clean space and the smell of dampness filled the whole house. A wave of sadness washed over them, but they quickly recovered themselves and set out to clean up the mess. Dad handled the mud-covered floors while Mum and Mary sorted through the damaged belongings. They were convinced that as long as they were alive and together, their home would return to its former state and everything was going to be OK. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛丽一家遭遇连续三日暴雨，城市被淹，家中险象环生。面对涨水，他们试图防御，但最终被迫上楼避难，发现整个社区已被洪水包围。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“就在这时，他们听到远处有一架直升机在飞行。”可知，第一段可以描写直升机前来救援的情景。 ②由第二段句首内容“三天后，他们回到家，发现家里一片狼藉。”可知，第二段可以描写灾难过后家里的情况以及重建家园的决心。 2.续写线索：发现直升机——获得救援——重回家园——一片狼藉——重建家园的决心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①猛冲：dash/rush ②抓住：grasp/seize ③开始做：set out to do/set about doing 情绪类 ①希望：hope/prospect ②悲伤：sadness/sorrow 【点睛】【高分句型1】Its roar gradually grew louder, bringing a ray of hope in the midst of the chaos. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】As they all were lifted into the air, they breathed a sigh of relief. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“自然灾害防范与自我保护”。本单元的写作项目“写摘要”(Write a summary)属于概要写作的范畴。概要写作是课标就应用类文体对学生提出的写作要求之一。这一题型主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和获取关键词的能力，同时也考查考生的写作能力，即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一下·山东烟台·阶段练习）假设你是高一学生李华，你从新闻上得知你的好友Peter的家乡发生了地震，请你给他写一封英文慰问信。 要点如下： 1. 对其表示关心和安慰； 2. 使其增加重建家园的信心。 注意： 1. 词数80-100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I was shocked at the news that an earthquake hit your hometown. I’m really worried about you and your family. Are you all right? Luckily, the earthquake wasn’t so serious and no buildings collapsed. It’s reported that the local government has already taken measures to help people rebuild their homes. I hope everything will return to normal soon. Please don’t lose heart and keep on working hard. With joint efforts, we can surely overcome any difficulty. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, LiHua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给家乡发生地震的好友Peter写一封慰问信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 袭击：hit→strike 担心的：worried→concerned 幸运的是：luckily→fortunately 克服：overcome→get over 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：It’s reported that the local government has already taken measures to help people rebuild their homes. 拓展句：The local government is reported to have already taken measures to help people rebuild their homes. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I was shocked at the news that an earthquake hit your hometown. (运用了that引导的同位语从句) 【高分句型2】It’s reported that the local government has already taken measures to help people rebuild their homes. (运用了that引导的主语从句) $$