Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（人与自我：体育与健康)【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（人教版2019） 人与自我：体育与健康 单元引言解读 All sports for all people.—Pierre de Coubertin 释义： 本单元的引言是现代奥运之父顾拜旦在90多年前提出的。顾拜旦希望人人都有运动的权利和自由，但这在当时只是一个美好的愿望。随着人类文明的发展和社会的进步，这个愿望将不再是遥不可及的，中国现在普遍提倡的“全民运动”和“全民健身”，与这句话的含义有相通之处。 启示： 皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦(1863－1937)，法国著名教育家、国际体育活动家、教育学家和历史学家、现代奥林匹克运动的发起人。他于1863年1月1日出生在法国巴黎的贵族家庭。1896年至1925年，他曾任国际奥林匹克委员会主席，并设计了奥运会会徽、奥运会会旗。由于他对奥林匹克不朽的贡献，他被誉为“现代奥林匹克之父”。 名言名句积累 人与自我：体育与健康 1．Life lies in movement.—Voltaire　 生命在于运动。——伏尔泰 2．Sport is the source of all life. —Leonardo da Vinci 运动是一切生命的源泉。——列奥纳多·达·芬奇 3．One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise. —Cai Yuanpei 人的健全，不但靠饮食尤靠运动。——蔡元培 4．Exercise is the source of happiness, and happiness is the wealth of life. 运动是快乐的源泉，快乐是生命的财富。 5．If you want to be healthy, exercise every day. 若要身体健，天天来锻炼。 时文拓展阅读 Peru's Andes Mountains might be home to the oldest person ever to have lived — at the age of 124. The South American country's government has claimed that a man named Marcelino Abad Tolentino from the central area of Huánuco was born in 1900. If the claim is true, he would be the oldest, independently verified human on earth. Officials said in a statement that Abad "developed a healthy way of life and inner peace, reflected in his good health and friendly personality." As a result, they said, "This allowed him, with resilience and skill, to overcome 12 decades of life and on April 5th he just blew out 124 candles." Peruvian Marcelino "Mashico" Abad smiles while celebrating his 124th birthday, as local officials claim he might be the world's oldest ever person, in Huanuco, Peru April 5, 2024. (Pension 65/Handout via REUTERS) Peruvian officials say they are helping Abad to contact Guinness World Records for independent verification. In a statement, the organization told Reuters, "Guinness World Records receives many applications from individuals who claim to be the oldest living person." Verifying the claim would involve official documents and other evidence being carefully studied by a team of experts to "prove their achievement beyond doubt." Guinness World Records currently lists Britain's John Tinniswood, a 111-year-old as the oldest living man. The organization lists 117-year-old Maria Branyas Morera of Spain as the old living woman. As for the oldest living person ever, that record belongs to Jeanne Louise Calment of France. She was born on February 21, 1875, and died on August 4, 1997, after living 122 years and 164 days. Abad was born in the small town of Chaglla. He lived quietly until the Peruvian government identified him in 2019 and provided him with a pension. Abad says his secrets to living a long life include a diet rich in fruits and lamb meat. He also likes to chew coca leaves, a tradition in Peru's Andean communities. The information comes from the pension program that Abad is a part of. On April 5, Abad celebrated his 124th birthday with a cake bearing his likeness at a home for senior citizens where he now lives. 【译文欣赏】 秘鲁的安第斯山脉可能是有史以来最长寿的人的家园，享年124岁。 这个南美国家的政府声称，一位名叫Marcelino Abad Tolentino的男子出生于1900年，来自瓦努科中部地区。如果这一说法属实，他将是地球上最古老、经过独立验证的人类。 官员们在一份声明中表示，阿巴德“发展了一种健康的生活方式和内心的平静，这反映在他良好的健康和友好的性格上。”因此，他们说，“这让他以韧性和技巧克服了12年的生活，4月5日，他刚刚吹灭了124支蜡烛。” 2024年4月5日，秘鲁瓦努科，秘鲁人Marcelino“Mashico”Abad在庆祝124岁生日时微笑着，当地官员声称他可能是世界上最长寿的人。（养老金65/通过路透社发放） 秘鲁官员表示，他们正在帮助阿巴德联系吉尼斯世界纪录进行独立验证。 该组织在一份声明中告诉路透社，“吉尼斯世界纪录收到了许多声称自己是在世最长寿的人的申请。”验证这一说法需要一个专家团队仔细研究官方文件和其他证据，以“毫无疑问地证明他们的成就” 吉尼斯世界纪录目前将英国111岁的约翰·廷尼斯伍德列为在世最年长的男性。该组织将西班牙117岁的玛丽亚·布兰尼亚斯·莫雷拉列为在世的老妇人。 至于有史以来最长寿的人，这一记录属于法国的珍妮·路易斯·卡尔芒。她出生于1875年2月21日，在活了122岁164天后于1997年8月4日去世。 阿巴德出生在查格拉小镇。他一直过着平静的生活，直到2019年秘鲁政府确认了他的身份，并为他提供了养老金。 阿巴德说，他长寿的秘诀包括富含水果和羊肉的饮食。他还喜欢嚼古柯叶，这是秘鲁安第斯社区的传统。这些信息来自阿巴德参与的养老金计划。 4月5日，阿巴德在他现在居住的一家养老院用一块印有他肖像的蛋糕庆祝了他的124岁生日。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 verify –v. to find out if something is true or real 查证，核实，证明 reflected in –adj. a demonstrated quality that is evidence of another quality 反映在......中 allow –v. to permit or let happen 允许 resilience –n. the quality of being able to regain health or a good condition after sickness or a serious problem快速恢复的能力，适应力 decade –n. a period of 10 years 十年 application –n. a written request 申请 achievement –n. a goal that is reached through hard work over a long period 成就 pension –n. regular payments given to retired people to help pay for living expenses 养老金，退休金 【知识拓展】 秘鲁安第斯山脉 他们提供了该地区白雪皑皑的山脉和冰川的最壮观景色，因为它们的集中度最高。 这个地区保留了秘鲁的精神，其遗产和构成现在秘鲁的古代文明的传统。 山脉主要是印加原始民族的后裔居住，他们保留了许多传统和生活方式。 【词汇延伸】 on earth世界上，人世间根本，完全究竟，到底 way of life生活的一部分典型行为模式;特有生活方式 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷B篇）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. ( 篇章结构 题 一   命题特点 篇章结构题旨在考查学生对文章基本结构的把握能力 。作者在组织材料的时候，会采用不同的方式，如举例、比较、类比、因果、时间顺序、空间顺序或者故事发生的进程等方式来安排层次。 二   常见设题形式 1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 2. How is the text organized? 3. The author develops the passage mainly by ________. 4. The author supports his view by _________. 三   解题技巧 1、通读文章并了解文章结构的组织形式 常见的文章结构形式有三种： 1）总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总） 2）并列式结构 3）对照式结构（即常见的一正一反结构） 2、根据文章的体裁把握文章的结构 不同体裁的文章，议论文、说明文、记叙文其结构形式也是不一样的。 1） 议论文 常使用以下两种结构: a. Put forward a question→  Analyze the question →  Solve the question 即“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”。 b. Argument→  Evidence →  Conclusion 即“论点→论据→结论”。 议论文最常用的论证方式为举例论证，即用所列举的事物来论证观点，如：列数字和用典型的事例 。 2） 说明文 常采用下定义、举例子、列数字、作比较等说明方法进行说明。 此类文章常见的结构形式有：总分式、并列式、递进式、对照式 。 3） 记叙文 常以时间顺序、地点顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开。 以故事情节为序又可以不按照事件的先后顺序叙述，比如：先写结局或事件中最突出的部分，再按事件的发展顺序进行叙述，这种叙述手法叫倒叙 。 ) ( 1. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)   now practicing “holistic” medicine —combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 分析这句话 需要先 找 出主干，即 划线 字体 He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians 。其中one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)这个短语比较长，a number of意思是许多，用small but growing这 俩 形容词修饰number数量情况， 整个短语 可翻译为 少量但不断增加的美国兽医之一 。 现在分词短语 now practicing “holistic” medicine修饰 前面的名词 American veterinarians (兽医)， 译 为 现在践行整体医学的美国兽医 。破折号进行解释说明 ， 非谓语作后置定语 。 整句翻译: 2. "I am ahead of my time." If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 主句 …it might be ， 表语从句主干 …because some of his coworkers laugh at his methods ， 条件状语从句主干 If he seems defensive 整句翻译: ) 【全文参考译文】 “我没有疯，”威廉·法伯博士在给一只兔子施行针灸后说道。“我只是走在时代的前面。”如果他显得有些防御性，那可能是因为即使是他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他那不寻常的方法。但法伯确信他最终会笑到最后。他是现在实践“整体”医学的少数但逐渐增加的美国兽医之一——将传统的西方治疗方法与针灸、脊椎按摩和草药医学相结合。法伯是科罗拉多州立大学的毕业生，起初是一名较为传统的兽医。20年前，当他遭受严重的背痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。他尝试了肌肉松弛药物，但收效甚微。然后他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现经过两三次治疗后，他的病情有所好转。在一名兽医身上有效的方法似乎也会在他的患者身上奏效。所以，在学习这些技术几年后，他开始把它们用于宠物。利·廷戴尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。在查理心脏病发作后，廷戴尔说，她准备让它安乐死，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，使她能够多留查理五个月。普里西拉·杜威报告说，她的马纳比在进行脊椎按摩调整后，“移动更自如，骑行更舒适”。法伯确信，整体疗法将随着时间的推移变得更加流行，如果过去可以作为任何指示的话，他可能是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员人数已从30人增长到700多人。“有时这效果之好让我感到惊讶，”他说。“我会做任何事情来帮助动物。这是我的工作。” ( defensive adj occasionally adv practice v conventional adj relief n condition n ease v suffering n approach n indication n membership n advocate v ahead of one’s time have the last laugh herbal medicine start out as an alternative treatment a heart condition put ... to sleep ) （二） （江苏省溧阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题）People suffering from life-changing physical conditions, like losing limbs (a leg or an arm), have a painful process of recovery. But advances in digital therapies, using games and virtual reality (VR), can make a difference. In order to add fun to the uncomfortable, difficult and tiring recovery process, the company MindMaze produced the VR game that fools the patient’s brain into thinking his lost arm is still attached. The company also develops games using cameras and movement sensors to restore patients’ movements. Thousands have received MindMaze gaming therapy in clinics around the world. How to play the game? Patients struggling to recover movements can work their way back to fitness with the help of an animated (动画的) dolphin character in the game called MindPod. The game makes it easier for patients to control the dolphin in the undersea environment by lifting their arms. MindPod is also being used to address brain problems such as dementia. The government has funded the game to see how it can prevent dementia for people with brain injuries. Now it seems the COVID-19 pandemic has sped up the uptake of gaming therapies. Remote treatments make more sense when there is already reduced contact with doctors. Gaming companies have been looking to develop games for the health and fitness market for more than a decade. DeepWell Digital Company has already made plans to research into the treatment of depression using existing games. Boston Children’s Hospital certainly takes the gaming therapy trend seriously. Doctors worked with the Harvard Medical School to create the gaming company Mightier and test its effect. The result shows that gaming technology can help patients learn how to handle stressful situations and change their behavior. The hospital now uses VR games in mental health sessions, showing doctors’ commitment to digital therapies. But some claim that these gaming therapies are likely to be a replacement for medication or in-person care, which is totally ridiculous. 5．Why did MindMaze produce the VR game? A．To treat people for their broken limbs. B．To replace the present medical therapy. C．To make the recovery process less painful. D．To test their cameras and movement sensors. 6．What do we know about MindPod? A．It receives financial help from the authority. B．It speeds up the uptake of gaming therapies. C．It can help patients spend more time in nature. D．It can help patients reduce contact with doctors 7．Why does the author mention DeepWell Digital? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To make a comparison. C．To place an emphasis. D．To give an example. 8．How does the author feel about gaming therapies? A．Effective but slow. B．Promising but costly. C．Interesting but useless. D．Helpful but over-estimated. （三） （23-24高一上·上海松江·阶段练习）Rock climbing might seem extremely dangerous, but most climbers know what they’re doing. Over the years, climbers know what they’re doing. Over the years, climbers have developed knowledge and techniques that allow them to conquer rocks safely. There are different kinds of rock climbing and it’s mainly based on the equipment used.  The two main categories are aid climbing and free climbing. Aid climbing uses equipment, such as screws inserted into rocks to help climbers pull themselves to the top. In free climbing, most climbers use equipment only to protect themselves from falling: they don’t use any tool to help them climb up the rock. In free climbing, it’s all about skill, strength and knowledge. You might think that muscles are the most important factors in this extreme sport. Not so, says Jeremy Noris, a rock climber in US. “ Your can’t muscle your way through climbing no matter how hard you try”, he says. More important factors are balance, coordination, and the ability to make your body tense, which helps climbers pull themselves up. Norin also says that lower-body strength in actually more important than upper-body strength. One of the best climbers Norin knows can only do seven pull-ups, but he has no problems climbing up some of the most rugged rock faces around. Although some climbers have mastered the sport, beginners are welcome. Start with bouldering, a kind of climbing without a rope that take place on a rock three to five meters tall, so that falling won’t result in serious injury. Believe me- it won’t seem that low when you are looking down from the top. 9．The main difference between aid climbing and free climbing lies in____. A．the function of the equipment B．the way climbers keep balance C．the rocks climbers choose to conquer D．the strength climbers use 10．Which of the following statements is true about the climbing? A．Screws are required so climbers can pull themselves up. B．Skill, strength and knowledge play a great role in it. C．Climbers are not allowed to use any kind of tools. D．The rules are not so strict as those of aid climbing. 11．What can we learn from the example of the climber Norin knows(in para.2) A．Conquering rocks has nothing to do with strength B．Muscles are the most important factors in rock climbing. C．The more pull-ups a climber does, the tenser his body will be. D．Upper- body strength is not as important as lower-body strength. 12．The writer suggests that the beginners should_____. A．first take a basic lever course B．overcome the fear of height C．climber without a rope to a lower height. D．learn to protect themselves from injury. （四） （23-24高一下·辽宁锦州·期末）Engineering researchers at the Ohio State University found that walking at varying speeds can burn more calories (卡路里) compared to maintaining the same speed. The act of changing speeds burns energy, and the researchers found that up to eight percent of the energy we use during walks could be due to the energy necessary to start and stop walking. “Walking at any speed costs some energy, but when you’re changing the speed, you’re pressing the gas pedal (踏板) , Nidhi Seethapathi, first author of the study and doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering, said in a statement. Changing the kinetic (运动的) energy of the person requires more work from the legs and that process certainly burns more energy. Researchers measured the cost of changing walking speeds by having study participants change their walking space on a treadmill (跑步机) while its speed remained the same. Participants changed between speeding up to move to the front of the treadmill, and slowing down to move to the back of the treadmill. “Our study suggests that to burn more calories you should change your walking speed fast and often,” Seethapathi said. “Increasing your speed for one minute every five minutes would surely increase your calorie burn. But this is mainly because you’re walking faster during that one-minute. The kind of speed changes we are talking about in the paper are more frequent — every few seconds rather than every few minutes.” If you’re walking to lose weight and want to burn more calories as the study suggests, constantly (连续地) stop and start walking again. For example, walk for three seconds, stop, walk for three seconds, stop, and so on, so you’re consuming energy every time you change speeds. Doing things you wouldn’t normally do on your walk, such as walking in a curve (曲线) instead of a straight line, walking with weights on your legs, or swinging your arms like a crazy person can also help you burn more calories. 13．How can you walk to lose more weight? A．By both walking and running. B．By walking at the same speed. C．By following the doctor’s advice. D．By changing your walking speed. 14．Why does Nidhi Seethapathi mention the gas pedal? A．To stress the way to speed up. B．To share her driving experience. C．To help make her opinion clear. D．To remind people to drive slowly. 15．What else do researchers suggest doing? A．Walking in an unnatural way. B．Running regularly every day in the morning. C．Changing your goals once you have got one. D．Weighing to see how many pounds you melt. 16．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The Faster, the Thinner. B．A Simple Trick Helps to Burn More Calories. C．How to Lose More Weight D．Walking at the Same Speed Makes No Sense. （五） （23-24高一下·广西河池·期末）71-year-old, Helen Lloyd Jones from Cardiff recently completed her first marathon and is encouraging others of her age to take up the challenge. “Do it. We only live once,” she said after the event. Helen took up running in her 50’s while working as a teacher. After jogging alongside one of her students during a sports day race, Helen said, “I felt terrible, absolutely terrible. It was a wakeup call and I started to practise jogging.” Helen started attending her local parkrun, but decided she needed a bigger challenge to keep her motivated. Once the idea of running 26.2 came into her head, she was decided, and set her sights on running a larger race, using the support of the crowds to get her round. Helen didn’t tell her husband for the first five months of her training as she knew he’d be worried about the toll the distance might have on her, saying g afterwards, “The difference between the man who waved me goodbye and the smiling man who greeted me when I returned was a reflection of how much he had been worrying. But he is very proud of me.” At 71, Helen explains how she didn’t do her training “by the book”. After trying to do a long run, a speed run and a hill run each week, she soon found her body was not able to recover fast enough between sessions. Instead, she chose one long run a week with her local running club Pegasus and friend Sally, so she could feel confident with the distance. A proud grandmother, Helen is I now taking her grandchildren to parkruns and junior parkruns. She hopes that they will remember running with their grandmother when they grow up. Are there more marathons in her future? “I said I would only do the one, but have a feeling that if I got a place in London or New York... I might change my mind.” 17．Why did Helen start to practise jogging? A．To improve her health. B．To take up the challenge. C．To win the respect of her students. D．To set an example to her students. 18．Why didn’t Helen tell her husband about her training for marathon? A．She wanted to surprise her husband. B．She wanted to avoid her husband’s quarrel. C．She was afraid that her husband would be concerned. D．She didn’t wish her husband to understand the hardships. 19．What was as probably Helen’s future plan? A．To run more marathons nonstop. B．To accompany grandchildren every day. C．To run marathons with her grandchildren. D．To continue to run marathons if she can make race rankings. 20．Which of the following can best describe Helen? A．Kind and helpful. B．Athletic and determined. C．Generous and strict. D．Traditional and patient. （六） （23-24高一下·贵州毕节·期末）Benefits of Water Fitness Exercising in water can help anyone become much fitter, and the advantages of water works—besides the fitness factor—may surprise you. 21 Water’s buoyancy (浮力) minimizes the effects of gravity, meaning it’s gentle on joints. This is an excellent choice for people with the pain on joints. Swimming engages most of the body’s major muscle groups, including those in the legs, upper body and core. 22 Swimming even helps strengthen bones. While you don’t feel as hot and sweaty in the water as you do when you work out on land, swimming and other aerobic works in water still burn calories and help with weight loss. Swimming and other water aerobics get your heart pumping without putting as much strain on the body as other aerobic activities. Regular swimming can help lower blood pressure and relax stiff arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. 23 One Australian Study compared swimming with several other kinds of exercise, including calisthenics and works on treadmills, and found that only swimming helped people prevent falls. 24 Pool walking release the feel-good hormones in your brain. These chemicals helps relieve anxiety, depression and stress. Jackie Duda experienced many of these benefits. 25 “After I get out of the pool, I feel like I’m 31, not 61 ”she says. “Being in the water is what has made me feel like myself again.” A．Here are some additional benefits. B．It’s a combination of stretching, strength training. C．As we know, swimming is necessary for us to keep fit. D．Swimming has the same effects as other kinds of exercises. E．Swimming can also help improve balance and coordination. F．And for that reason she plans to keep up her water workouts. G．Staying in water sometimes brings us happy summer memories from childhood. （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）At 50, when a lot of people tend to step away from active sports, Pervin Batliwals started running. Today, at 69, Batliwala has completed all the six major 26 across the world. As a leader in Hindustan Unilever Lid, Bathwala would join other 27 for a run at the stadium (露天运动场) with coach Savio D’Souza, as part of the company’s initiative (倡议) to 28 staff wellbeing. On one such run, D’Souza asked her to 29 him to run on the road. “From that day on, I started running on the road.” she says. With several marathons done since that 30 match, Batliwala mixes running with swimming and other training to 31 strength and stamina (耐力). Before big 32 such as the 88-km Comrades Marath on in South Africa and 72-km Khardung La Challenge in Ladakb, she also monitors her diet. What remains constant is her never-say-never 33 . “However tired I am, I talk to myself and 34 myself to get to the 35 line.” she says. She’s a 36 person who’s always talking, joking and making noise while running, and other people, who may be a decade or two younger than her, 37 running with her. An inspiration to both young and old, she’s a firm believer that 38 is just a number and can’t 39 what one can do. A quote that she lives by goes: “We do not stop 40 because we grow old, we grow old because we stop exercising!” 26．A．courses B．marathons C．practices D．tasks 27．A．employees B．athletes C．friends D．reporters 28．A．harm B．ignore C．improve D．treasure 29．A．help B．invite C．persuade D．join 30．A．initial B．hard C．ordinary D．extra 31．A．show B．build C．reduce D．influence 32．A．events B．changes C．accidents D．chances 33．A．mission B．direction C．approach D．attitude 34．A．allow B．push C．order D．teach 35．A．finish B．bottom C．front D．waiting 36．A．firm B．reliable C．lively D．brave 37．A．stop B．avoid C．consider D．enjoy 38．A．score B．money C．speed D．age 39．A．present B．describe C．decide D．predict 40．A．working B．exercising C．thinking D．learning （八） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·广西来宾·期末）语法填空 Despite being 75 years old, Chai Tixia's expertise (专长) in Jianzi is truly impressive. With quick kicks, he effortlessly sends the Jianzi into the air and gracefully guides it to land 41 (gentle) on his head. Jianzi, 42 game that dates back to the Han Dynasty, is surprisingly simple: players must keep the Jianzi in the air, 43 (use) any part of their body except their hands and arms. However, to master this game requires a lot of practice. While enjoyed throughout China, Jianzi 44 (describe) by Chai as an important part of hutong culture. The narrow hutongs, situated within Beijing’s inner city, provide the setting (环境) 45 the game’s popularity. Each morning, Chai and his fellow hutong residents gather for their shared passion for Jianzi. Chai's spirited matches with 46 (he) neighbors have a big audience drawn to the artistry and excitement of the game. The onlookers (旁观者), 47 watch them playing with great athleticism, are 48 (amaze) at what Chai and his fellow players can achieve. Having practiced Jianzi for over 30 years, Chai values the physical and social 49 (benefit) the game brings. Taking an active part in lively matches with his neighbors energizes his body, increases his flexibility 50 improves unity within the community. Through Jianzi, Chai harvests not only health but a sense of belonging and friendship. 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“体育与健康”。本单元旨在帮助同学们认识体育竞技和健康的重要性，培养热爱体育和保护健康意识。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁铁岭·期末）最近，你校英文报正在举办主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health”的征文活动，假定你是李华，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文投稿。 1.你对征文主题的理解 2.你喜欢的运动 3.该运动给你带来的好处 注意：1.词数80左右 2.开头已写好，不计入总词数 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $$必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（人教版2019） 人与自我：体育与健康 单元引言解读 All sports for all people.—Pierre de Coubertin 释义： 本单元的引言是现代奥运之父顾拜旦在90多年前提出的。顾拜旦希望人人都有运动的权利和自由，但这在当时只是一个美好的愿望。随着人类文明的发展和社会的进步，这个愿望将不再是遥不可及的，中国现在普遍提倡的“全民运动”和“全民健身”，与这句话的含义有相通之处。 启示： 皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦(1863－1937)，法国著名教育家、国际体育活动家、教育学家和历史学家、现代奥林匹克运动的发起人。他于1863年1月1日出生在法国巴黎的贵族家庭。1896年至1925年，他曾任国际奥林匹克委员会主席，并设计了奥运会会徽、奥运会会旗。由于他对奥林匹克不朽的贡献，他被誉为“现代奥林匹克之父”。 名言名句积累 人与自我：体育与健康 1．Life lies in movement.—Voltaire　 生命在于运动。——伏尔泰 2．Sport is the source of all life. —Leonardo da Vinci 运动是一切生命的源泉。——列奥纳多·达·芬奇 3．One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise. —Cai Yuanpei 人的健全，不但靠饮食尤靠运动。——蔡元培 4．Exercise is the source of happiness, and happiness is the wealth of life. 运动是快乐的源泉，快乐是生命的财富。 5．If you want to be healthy, exercise every day. 若要身体健，天天来锻炼。 时文拓展阅读 Peru's Andes Mountains might be home to the oldest person ever to have lived — at the age of 124. The South American country's government has claimed that a man named Marcelino Abad Tolentino from the central area of Huánuco was born in 1900. If the claim is true, he would be the oldest, independently verified human on earth. Officials said in a statement that Abad "developed a healthy way of life and inner peace, reflected in his good health and friendly personality." As a result, they said, "This allowed him, with resilience and skill, to overcome 12 decades of life and on April 5th he just blew out 124 candles." Peruvian Marcelino "Mashico" Abad smiles while celebrating his 124th birthday, as local officials claim he might be the world's oldest ever person, in Huanuco, Peru April 5, 2024. (Pension 65/Handout via REUTERS) Peruvian officials say they are helping Abad to contact Guinness World Records for independent verification. In a statement, the organization told Reuters, "Guinness World Records receives many applications from individuals who claim to be the oldest living person." Verifying the claim would involve official documents and other evidence being carefully studied by a team of experts to "prove their achievement beyond doubt." Guinness World Records currently lists Britain's John Tinniswood, a 111-year-old as the oldest living man. The organization lists 117-year-old Maria Branyas Morera of Spain as the old living woman. As for the oldest living person ever, that record belongs to Jeanne Louise Calment of France. She was born on February 21, 1875, and died on August 4, 1997, after living 122 years and 164 days. Abad was born in the small town of Chaglla. He lived quietly until the Peruvian government identified him in 2019 and provided him with a pension. Abad says his secrets to living a long life include a diet rich in fruits and lamb meat. He also likes to chew coca leaves, a tradition in Peru's Andean communities. The information comes from the pension program that Abad is a part of. On April 5, Abad celebrated his 124th birthday with a cake bearing his likeness at a home for senior citizens where he now lives. 【译文欣赏】 秘鲁的安第斯山脉可能是有史以来最长寿的人的家园，享年124岁。 这个南美国家的政府声称，一位名叫Marcelino Abad Tolentino的男子出生于1900年，来自瓦努科中部地区。如果这一说法属实，他将是地球上最古老、经过独立验证的人类。 官员们在一份声明中表示，阿巴德“发展了一种健康的生活方式和内心的平静，这反映在他良好的健康和友好的性格上。”因此，他们说，“这让他以韧性和技巧克服了12年的生活，4月5日，他刚刚吹灭了124支蜡烛。” 2024年4月5日，秘鲁瓦努科，秘鲁人Marcelino“Mashico”Abad在庆祝124岁生日时微笑着，当地官员声称他可能是世界上最长寿的人。（养老金65/通过路透社发放） 秘鲁官员表示，他们正在帮助阿巴德联系吉尼斯世界纪录进行独立验证。 该组织在一份声明中告诉路透社，“吉尼斯世界纪录收到了许多声称自己是在世最长寿的人的申请。”验证这一说法需要一个专家团队仔细研究官方文件和其他证据，以“毫无疑问地证明他们的成就” 吉尼斯世界纪录目前将英国111岁的约翰·廷尼斯伍德列为在世最年长的男性。该组织将西班牙117岁的玛丽亚·布兰尼亚斯·莫雷拉列为在世的老妇人。 至于有史以来最长寿的人，这一记录属于法国的珍妮·路易斯·卡尔芒。她出生于1875年2月21日，在活了122岁164天后于1997年8月4日去世。 阿巴德出生在查格拉小镇。他一直过着平静的生活，直到2019年秘鲁政府确认了他的身份，并为他提供了养老金。 阿巴德说，他长寿的秘诀包括富含水果和羊肉的饮食。他还喜欢嚼古柯叶，这是秘鲁安第斯社区的传统。这些信息来自阿巴德参与的养老金计划。 4月5日，阿巴德在他现在居住的一家养老院用一块印有他肖像的蛋糕庆祝了他的124岁生日。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 verify –v. to find out if something is true or real 查证，核实，证明 reflected in –adj. a demonstrated quality that is evidence of another quality 反映在......中 allow –v. to permit or let happen 允许 resilience –n. the quality of being able to regain health or a good condition after sickness or a serious problem快速恢复的能力，适应力 decade –n. a period of 10 years 十年 application –n. a written request 申请 achievement –n. a goal that is reached through hard work over a long period 成就 pension –n. regular payments given to retired people to help pay for living expenses 养老金，退休金 【知识拓展】 秘鲁安第斯山脉 他们提供了该地区白雪皑皑的山脉和冰川的最壮观景色，因为它们的集中度最高。 这个地区保留了秘鲁的精神，其遗产和构成现在秘鲁的古代文明的传统。 山脉主要是印加原始民族的后裔居住，他们保留了许多传统和生活方式。 【词汇延伸】 on earth世界上，人世间根本，完全究竟，到底 way of life生活的一部分典型行为模式;特有生活方式 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷B篇）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 【答案速查】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 ( 篇章结构 题 一   命题特点 篇章结构题旨在考查学生对文章基本结构的把握能力 。作者在组织材料的时候，会采用不同的方式，如举例、比较、类比、因果、时间顺序、空间顺序或者故事发生的进程等方式来安排层次。 二   常见设题形式 1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 2. How is the text organized? 3. The author develops the passage mainly by ________. 4. The author supports his view by _________. 三   解题技巧 1、通读文章并了解文章结构的组织形式 常见的文章结构形式有三种： 1）总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总） 2）并列式结构 3）对照式结构（即常见的一正一反结构） 2、根据文章的体裁把握文章的结构 不同体裁的文章，议论文、说明文、记叙文其结构形式也是不一样的。 1） 议论文 常使用以下两种结构: a. Put forward a question→  Analyze the question →  Solve the question 即“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”。 b. Argument→  Evidence →  Conclusion 即“论点→论据→结论”。 议论文最常用的论证方式为举例论证，即用所列举的事物来论证观点，如：列数字和用典型的事例 。 2） 说明文 常采用下定义、举例子、列数字、作比较等说明方法进行说明。 此类文章常见的结构形式有：总分式、并列式、递进式、对照式 。 3） 记叙文 常以时间顺序、地点顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开。 以故事情节为序又可以不按照事件的先后顺序叙述，比如：先写结局或事件中最突出的部分，再按事件的发展顺序进行叙述，这种叙述手法叫倒叙 。 ) ( 1. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)   now practicing “holistic” medicine —combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 分析这句话 需要先 找 出主干，即 划线 字体 He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians 。其中one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)这个短语比较长，a number of意思是许多，用small but growing这 俩 形容词修饰number数量情况， 整个短语 可翻译为 少量但不断增加的美国兽医之一 。 现在分词短语 now practicing “holistic” medicine修饰 前面的名词 American veterinarians (兽医)， 译 为 现在践行整体医学的美国兽医 。破折号进行解释说明 ， 非谓语作后置定语 。 整句 翻译 ： 他是现在 少量但不断增加的现在践行整体医学的美国兽医之一---把针灸，按摩疗法和草药与西方治疗方法结合起来。 2. "I am ahead of my time." If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 主句 …it might be ， 表语从句主干 …because some of his coworkers laugh at his methods ， 条件状语从句主干 If he seems defensive 整句翻译: “ 我走在时代的前面。 ” 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。 ) 【全文参考译文】 “我没有疯，”威廉·法伯博士在给一只兔子施行针灸后说道。“我只是走在时代的前面。”如果他显得有些防御性，那可能是因为即使是他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他那不寻常的方法。但法伯确信他最终会笑到最后。他是现在实践“整体”医学的少数但逐渐增加的美国兽医之一——将传统的西方治疗方法与针灸、脊椎按摩和草药医学相结合。法伯是科罗拉多州立大学的毕业生，起初是一名较为传统的兽医。20年前，当他遭受严重的背痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。他尝试了肌肉松弛药物，但收效甚微。然后他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现经过两三次治疗后，他的病情有所好转。在一名兽医身上有效的方法似乎也会在他的患者身上奏效。所以，在学习这些技术几年后，他开始把它们用于宠物。利·廷戴尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。在查理心脏病发作后，廷戴尔说，她准备让它安乐死，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，使她能够多留查理五个月。普里西拉·杜威报告说，她的马纳比在进行脊椎按摩调整后，“移动更自如，骑行更舒适”。法伯确信，整体疗法将随着时间的推移变得更加流行，如果过去可以作为任何指示的话，他可能是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员人数已从30人增长到700多人。“有时这效果之好让我感到惊讶，”他说。“我会做任何事情来帮助动物。这是我的工作。” ( defensive adj 存有戒心的； occasionally adv 偶尔，有时； practice v 实行，奉行/ n 惯常做法； conventional adj 传统的； relief n （痛苦等的）减轻； condition n 疾病； ease v （使）减轻； suffering n 疼痛； approach n 方法； indication n 迹象； membership n 会员数； advocate v 提倡 ahead of one’s time（观念）超前； have the last laugh 笑到最后，取得最后胜利； herbal medicine 草药疗法； start out as 起初是（某身份）； an alternative treatment 替代疗法； a heart condition 心脏病； put ... to sleep 给（患病动物）实施安乐死 ) （二） （江苏省溧阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题）People suffering from life-changing physical conditions, like losing limbs (a leg or an arm), have a painful process of recovery. But advances in digital therapies, using games and virtual reality (VR), can make a difference. In order to add fun to the uncomfortable, difficult and tiring recovery process, the company MindMaze produced the VR game that fools the patient’s brain into thinking his lost arm is still attached. The company also develops games using cameras and movement sensors to restore patients’ movements. Thousands have received MindMaze gaming therapy in clinics around the world. How to play the game? Patients struggling to recover movements can work their way back to fitness with the help of an animated (动画的) dolphin character in the game called MindPod. The game makes it easier for patients to control the dolphin in the undersea environment by lifting their arms. MindPod is also being used to address brain problems such as dementia. The government has funded the game to see how it can prevent dementia for people with brain injuries. Now it seems the COVID-19 pandemic has sped up the uptake of gaming therapies. Remote treatments make more sense when there is already reduced contact with doctors. Gaming companies have been looking to develop games for the health and fitness market for more than a decade. DeepWell Digital Company has already made plans to research into the treatment of depression using existing games. Boston Children’s Hospital certainly takes the gaming therapy trend seriously. Doctors worked with the Harvard Medical School to create the gaming company Mightier and test its effect. The result shows that gaming technology can help patients learn how to handle stressful situations and change their behavior. The hospital now uses VR games in mental health sessions, showing doctors’ commitment to digital therapies. But some claim that these gaming therapies are likely to be a replacement for medication or in-person care, which is totally ridiculous. 5．Why did MindMaze produce the VR game? A．To treat people for their broken limbs. B．To replace the present medical therapy. C．To make the recovery process less painful. D．To test their cameras and movement sensors. 6．What do we know about MindPod? A．It receives financial help from the authority. B．It speeds up the uptake of gaming therapies. C．It can help patients spend more time in nature. D．It can help patients reduce contact with doctors 7．Why does the author mention DeepWell Digital? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To make a comparison. C．To place an emphasis. D．To give an example. 8．How does the author feel about gaming therapies? A．Effective but slow. B．Promising but costly. C．Interesting but useless. D．Helpful but over-estimated. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了MindMaze公司开发了一款虚拟现实游戏，从而帮助一些患有疾病的人加快康复。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In order to add fun to the uncomfortable, difficult and tiring recovery process, the company MindMaze produced the VR game that fools the patient’s brain into thinking his lost arm is still attached.(为了给不舒服、困难和疲劳的康复过程增添乐趣，MindMaze公司开发了这款虚拟现实游戏，可以欺骗患者的大脑，使其误以为失去的手臂还在。)”可知，MindMaze公司开发这款游戏是为了让康复过程不那么痛苦。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The government has funded the game to see how it can prevent dementia for people with brain injuries.(政府资助了这款游戏，看看它如何预防脑损伤患者的痴呆。)”可知，这款游戏得到了政府的资助。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Gaming companies have been looking to develop games for the health and fitness market for more than a decade. DeepWell Digital Company has already made plans to research into the treatment of depression using existing games.(十多年来，游戏公司一直致力于为健康和健身市场开发游戏。DeepWell数字公司已经计划使用现有的游戏来研究抑郁症的治疗方法。)”可推断，作者提到Deep Well数字公司是为了证明自己的观点“十多年来，游戏公司一直致力于为健康和健身市场开发游戏。”举了一个例子。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The result shows that gaming technology can help patients learn how to handle stressful situations and change their behavior. The hospital now uses VR games in mental health sessions, showing doctors’ commitment to digital therapies. But some claim that these gaming therapies are likely to be a replacement for medication or in-person care, which is totally ridiculous. (结果显示，游戏技术可以帮助患者学习如何处理压力情况，并改变他们的行为。这家医院现在在心理健康课程中使用VR游戏，显示出医生对数字疗法的承诺。但有些人声称，这些游戏疗法可能会取代药物或亲自护理，这完全是荒谬的。)”可推断，作者认可这款游戏有作用，但是疗效被夸大了。故选D。 （三） （23-24高一上·上海松江·阶段练习）Rock climbing might seem extremely dangerous, but most climbers know what they’re doing. Over the years, climbers know what they’re doing. Over the years, climbers have developed knowledge and techniques that allow them to conquer rocks safely. There are different kinds of rock climbing and it’s mainly based on the equipment used.  The two main categories are aid climbing and free climbing. Aid climbing uses equipment, such as screws inserted into rocks to help climbers pull themselves to the top. In free climbing, most climbers use equipment only to protect themselves from falling: they don’t use any tool to help them climb up the rock. In free climbing, it’s all about skill, strength and knowledge. You might think that muscles are the most important factors in this extreme sport. Not so, says Jeremy Noris, a rock climber in US. “ Your can’t muscle your way through climbing no matter how hard you try”, he says. More important factors are balance, coordination, and the ability to make your body tense, which helps climbers pull themselves up. Norin also says that lower-body strength in actually more important than upper-body strength. One of the best climbers Norin knows can only do seven pull-ups, but he has no problems climbing up some of the most rugged rock faces around. Although some climbers have mastered the sport, beginners are welcome. Start with bouldering, a kind of climbing without a rope that take place on a rock three to five meters tall, so that falling won’t result in serious injury. Believe me- it won’t seem that low when you are looking down from the top. 9．The main difference between aid climbing and free climbing lies in____. A．the function of the equipment B．the way climbers keep balance C．the rocks climbers choose to conquer D．the strength climbers use 10．Which of the following statements is true about the climbing? A．Screws are required so climbers can pull themselves up. B．Skill, strength and knowledge play a great role in it. C．Climbers are not allowed to use any kind of tools. D．The rules are not so strict as those of aid climbing. 11．What can we learn from the example of the climber Norin knows(in para.2) A．Conquering rocks has nothing to do with strength B．Muscles are the most important factors in rock climbing. C．The more pull-ups a climber does, the tenser his body will be. D．Upper- body strength is not as important as lower-body strength. 12．The writer suggests that the beginners should_____. A．first take a basic lever course B．overcome the fear of height C．climber without a rope to a lower height. D．learn to protect themselves from injury. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了攀岩这项运动，包括攀岩的种类、技巧以及初学者应该如何开始。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Aid climbing uses equipment, such as screws inserted into rocks to help climbers pull themselves to the top. In free climbing, most climbers use equipment only to protect themselves from falling: they don’t use any tool to help them climb up the rock.( 辅助攀岩使用设备，如插入岩石的螺钉来帮助攀岩者将自己拉到顶部。在自由攀登中，大多数攀岩者仅使用设备来保护自己不坠落：他们不使用任何工具来帮助他们爬上岩石)”可知，辅助攀登使用设备，如插入岩石的螺钉，帮助攀登者将自己拉到顶部。在自由攀登中，大多数攀登者只使用设备来保护自己不掉落：他们不使用任何工具来帮助他们爬上岩石。因此，辅助攀登和自由攀登的主要区别在于设备的功能，故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In free climbing, it’s all about skill, strength and knowledge(在自由攀岩中，关键在于技能、力量和知识).”可知，在自由攀登中，一切都关乎技能、力量和知识。因此，技能、力量和知识在攀岩中起着重要作用，故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Norin also says that lower-body strength in actually more important than upper-body strength. One of the best climbers Norin knows can only do seven pull-ups, but he has no problems climbing up some of the most rugged rock faces around.(诺林还表示，下半身的力量实际上比上半身的力量更重要。诺林认识的最出色的攀岩者之一只能做七个引体向上，但他在攀爬一些最崎岖的岩面时却毫无问题)”可知，Norin还说，下半身的力量实际上比上半身的力量更重要。Norin认识的一位最好的攀登者只能做七次引体向上，但他爬一些最崎岖的岩石面没有问题。因此，我们可以推断出上半身的力量不如下半身的力量重要，故选D项。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Start with bouldering, a kind of climbing without a rope that take place on a rock three to five meters tall, so that falling won’t result in serious injury.(从抱石开始，这是一种不需要绳子的攀岩活动，发生在三到五米高的岩石上，这样即使摔下来也不会造成严重伤害)”可知，作者建议初学者从抱石开始，这是一种在没有绳索的情况下进行的攀岩，发生在三到五米高的岩石上，这样跌落就不会导致严重伤害。因此，作者建议初学者在没有绳索的情况下攀登较低的高度，故选C项。 （四） （23-24高一下·辽宁锦州·期末）Engineering researchers at the Ohio State University found that walking at varying speeds can burn more calories (卡路里) compared to maintaining the same speed. The act of changing speeds burns energy, and the researchers found that up to eight percent of the energy we use during walks could be due to the energy necessary to start and stop walking. “Walking at any speed costs some energy, but when you’re changing the speed, you’re pressing the gas pedal (踏板) , Nidhi Seethapathi, first author of the study and doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering, said in a statement. Changing the kinetic (运动的) energy of the person requires more work from the legs and that process certainly burns more energy. Researchers measured the cost of changing walking speeds by having study participants change their walking space on a treadmill (跑步机) while its speed remained the same. Participants changed between speeding up to move to the front of the treadmill, and slowing down to move to the back of the treadmill. “Our study suggests that to burn more calories you should change your walking speed fast and often,” Seethapathi said. “Increasing your speed for one minute every five minutes would surely increase your calorie burn. But this is mainly because you’re walking faster during that one-minute. The kind of speed changes we are talking about in the paper are more frequent — every few seconds rather than every few minutes.” If you’re walking to lose weight and want to burn more calories as the study suggests, constantly (连续地) stop and start walking again. For example, walk for three seconds, stop, walk for three seconds, stop, and so on, so you’re consuming energy every time you change speeds. Doing things you wouldn’t normally do on your walk, such as walking in a curve (曲线) instead of a straight line, walking with weights on your legs, or swinging your arms like a crazy person can also help you burn more calories. 13．How can you walk to lose more weight? A．By both walking and running. B．By walking at the same speed. C．By following the doctor’s advice. D．By changing your walking speed. 14．Why does Nidhi Seethapathi mention the gas pedal? A．To stress the way to speed up. B．To share her driving experience. C．To help make her opinion clear. D．To remind people to drive slowly. 15．What else do researchers suggest doing? A．Walking in an unnatural way. B．Running regularly every day in the morning. C．Changing your goals once you have got one. D．Weighing to see how many pounds you melt. 16．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The Faster, the Thinner. B．A Simple Trick Helps to Burn More Calories. C．How to Lose More Weight D．Walking at the Same Speed Makes No Sense. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的工程研究人员发现，与保持相同的速度相比，以不同的速度行走可以燃烧更多的卡路里。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Engineering researchers at the Ohio State University found that walking at varying speeds can burn more calories (卡路里) compared to maintaining the same speed.(俄亥俄州立大学的工程研究人员发现，与保持相同的速度相比，以不同的速度行走可以燃烧更多的卡路里)”可知，以不同的速度行走可以燃烧更多的卡路里，所以如果你想要减肥更多，你应该改变你的行走速度。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段““Walking at any speed costs some energy, but when you’re changing the speed, you’re pressing the gas pedal (踏板) , Nidhi Seethapathi, first author of the study and doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering, said in a statement. Changing the kinetic (运动的) energy of the person requires more work from the legs and that process certainly burns more energy. Researchers measured the cost of changing walking speeds by having study participants change their walking pace on a treadmill (跑步机) while its speed remained the same.(该研究的第一作者、机械工程博士Nidhi Seethapathi在一份声明中说：“以任何速度行走都会消耗一些能量，但当你改变速度时，你就是在踩油门踏板。改变人的动能需要腿部做更多的工作，这个过程当然会消耗更多的能量。研究人员通过让研究参与者在跑步机上改变行走速度来测量改变行走速度的成本，而跑步机的速度保持不变)”可知，Nidhi Seethapathi提到油门踏板，是为了以其为例子，帮助说明自己的观点。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you’re walking to lose weight and want to burn more calories as the study suggests, constantly (连续地) stop and start walking again. For example, walk for three seconds, stop, walk for three seconds, stop, and so on, so you’re consuming energy every time you change speeds. Doing things you wouldn’t normally do on your walk, such as walking in a curve (曲线) instead of a straight line, walking with weights on your legs, or swinging your arms like a crazy person can also help you burn more calories.(如果你正在步行减肥，并且想像研究所建议的那样燃烧更多的卡路里，那么就要不断地停下来，重新开始步行。例如，步行三秒钟，停止，步行三秒，停止等等，所以每次改变速度都会消耗能量。做一些你在走路时通常不会做的事情，比如走曲线而不是直线，双腿负重走路，或者像疯子一样摆动手臂，也可以帮助你燃烧更多的卡路里)”可知，研究人员们建议人们用不自然的方式走路。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Engineering researchers at the Ohio State University found that walking at varying speeds can burn more calories (卡路里) compared to maintaining the same speed.(俄亥俄州立大学的工程研究人员发现，与保持相同的速度相比，以不同的速度行走可以燃烧更多的卡路里)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的工程研究人员发现，与保持相同的速度相比，以不同的速度行走可以燃烧更多的卡路里，所以“一个简单的技巧帮助燃烧更多的卡路里”适合作为文章标题。故选B。 （五） （23-24高一下·广西河池·期末）71-year-old, Helen Lloyd Jones from Cardiff recently completed her first marathon and is encouraging others of her age to take up the challenge. “Do it. We only live once,” she said after the event. Helen took up running in her 50’s while working as a teacher. After jogging alongside one of her students during a sports day race, Helen said, “I felt terrible, absolutely terrible. It was a wakeup call and I started to practise jogging.” Helen started attending her local parkrun, but decided she needed a bigger challenge to keep her motivated. Once the idea of running 26.2 came into her head, she was decided, and set her sights on running a larger race, using the support of the crowds to get her round. Helen didn’t tell her husband for the first five months of her training as she knew he’d be worried about the toll the distance might have on her, saying g afterwards, “The difference between the man who waved me goodbye and the smiling man who greeted me when I returned was a reflection of how much he had been worrying. But he is very proud of me.” At 71, Helen explains how she didn’t do her training “by the book”. After trying to do a long run, a speed run and a hill run each week, she soon found her body was not able to recover fast enough between sessions. Instead, she chose one long run a week with her local running club Pegasus and friend Sally, so she could feel confident with the distance. A proud grandmother, Helen is I now taking her grandchildren to parkruns and junior parkruns. She hopes that they will remember running with their grandmother when they grow up. Are there more marathons in her future? “I said I would only do the one, but have a feeling that if I got a place in London or New York... I might change my mind.” 17．Why did Helen start to practise jogging? A．To improve her health. B．To take up the challenge. C．To win the respect of her students. D．To set an example to her students. 18．Why didn’t Helen tell her husband about her training for marathon? A．She wanted to surprise her husband. B．She wanted to avoid her husband’s quarrel. C．She was afraid that her husband would be concerned. D．She didn’t wish her husband to understand the hardships. 19．What was as probably Helen’s future plan? A．To run more marathons nonstop. B．To accompany grandchildren every day. C．To run marathons with her grandchildren. D．To continue to run marathons if she can make race rankings. 20．Which of the following can best describe Helen? A．Kind and helpful. B．Athletic and determined. C．Generous and strict. D．Traditional and patient. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。71岁的Helen Lloyd Jones最近完成了她的第一次马拉松比赛，并鼓励她的同龄人接受挑战。文章讲述了她开始慢跑的起因经过。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“After jogging alongside one of her students during a sports day race, Helen said, “I felt terrible, absolutely terrible. It was a wakeup call and I started to practise jogging.”(在一天的运动比赛中，海伦和她的一个学生一起慢跑，她说:“我感觉很糟糕，非常糟糕。这是一个警钟，我开始练习慢跑。”)”可知，海伦开始练习慢跑是为了改善她的健康。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段“Helen didn’t tell her husband for the first five months of her training as she knew he’d be worried about the toll the distance might have on her(海伦在训练的前五个月没有告诉她的丈夫，因为她知道他会担心这段距离可能会对她造成伤害)”可知，海伦不告诉她丈夫她参加马拉松训练的事是因为她担心她丈夫会担心。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Are there more marathons in her future? “I said I would only do the one, but have a feeling that if I got a place in London or New York... I might change my mind.”(她未来还会参加更多马拉松比赛吗？“我说过我只参加一次，但我有种感觉，如果我在伦敦或纽约拿到名次……我可能会改变主意”)”可知，海伦未来的计划可能是如果她能进入比赛排名，她将继续参加马拉松比赛。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据第三段“Helen started attending her local parkrun, but decided she needed a bigger challenge to keep her motivated.(海伦开始参加当地的公园跑步，但她决定需要一个更大的挑战来保持动力)”以及倒数第二段“After trying to do a long run, a speed run and a hill run each week, she soon found her body was not able to recover fast enough between sessions. Instead, she chose one long run a week with her local running club Pegasus and friend Sally, so she could feel confident with the distance.(在尝试每周进行一次长跑、一次速度跑和一次爬坡跑之后，她很快发现自己的身体无法在两次训练之间足够快地恢复。相反，她选择了每周一次与当地的跑步俱乐部Pegasus和朋友Sally一起长跑，这样她就可以对距离感到自信)”可知，海伦身体活跃，有决心。故选B。 （六） （23-24高一下·贵州毕节·期末）Benefits of Water Fitness Exercising in water can help anyone become much fitter, and the advantages of water works—besides the fitness factor—may surprise you. 21 Water’s buoyancy (浮力) minimizes the effects of gravity, meaning it’s gentle on joints. This is an excellent choice for people with the pain on joints. Swimming engages most of the body’s major muscle groups, including those in the legs, upper body and core. 22 Swimming even helps strengthen bones. While you don’t feel as hot and sweaty in the water as you do when you work out on land, swimming and other aerobic works in water still burn calories and help with weight loss. Swimming and other water aerobics get your heart pumping without putting as much strain on the body as other aerobic activities. Regular swimming can help lower blood pressure and relax stiff arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. 23 One Australian Study compared swimming with several other kinds of exercise, including calisthenics and works on treadmills, and found that only swimming helped people prevent falls. 24 Pool walking release the feel-good hormones in your brain. These chemicals helps relieve anxiety, depression and stress. Jackie Duda experienced many of these benefits. 25 “After I get out of the pool, I feel like I’m 31, not 61 ”she says. “Being in the water is what has made me feel like myself again.” A．Here are some additional benefits. B．It’s a combination of stretching, strength training. C．As we know, swimming is necessary for us to keep fit. D．Swimming has the same effects as other kinds of exercises. E．Swimming can also help improve balance and coordination. F．And for that reason she plans to keep up her water workouts. G．Staying in water sometimes brings us happy summer memories from childhood. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．E 24．G 25．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在水中锻炼的好处，包括对关节的温和作用、全身肌肉的锻炼、燃烧卡路里、降低血压、改善平衡和协调等。 21．根据上文“Exercising in water can help anyone become much fitter, and the advantages of water works—besides the fitness factor—may surprise you.(在水中锻炼可以帮助任何人变得更加健康，而且水中锻炼的好处——除了健身因素——可能会让你感到惊讶。)”以及下文列举的水中锻炼的各种好处，可以推理出作者要引出更多的水中锻炼的好处，与A项“Here are some additional benefits.(这里有一些额外的好处。)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。 22．根据上文“Swimming engages most of the body’s major muscle groups, including those in the legs, upper body and core.(游泳涉及到身体的大部分主要肌肉群，包括腿部、上半身和核心肌肉。)”可知游泳是一种全身运动，空处承接上文，继续介绍游泳这项运动，B项“It’s a combination of stretching, strength training.(它是拉伸和力量训练的结合。)”符合，故选B项。 23．根据下文“One Australian Study compared swimming with several other kinds of exercise, including calisthenics and works on treadmills, and found that only swimming helped people prevent falls.(一项澳大利亚的研究将游泳与其他几种运动进行了比较，包括健美操和在跑步机上的运动，发现只有游泳能帮助人们防止摔倒。)”可知游泳有助于改善平衡和协调，与E项“Swimming can also help improve balance and coordination.(游泳还可以帮助改善平衡和协调。)”表达的意思一致，故选E项。 24．根据下文“Pool walking release the feel-good hormones in your brain. These chemicals helps relieve anxiety, depression and stress.(在泳池里散步会释放大脑中的快乐荷尔蒙。这些化学物质有助于缓解焦虑、抑郁和压力。)”可知在水中可以带来快乐的回忆，与G项“Staying in water sometimes brings us happy summer memories from childhood.(待在水中有时会给我们带来童年夏天的快乐回忆。)”表达的意思一致，故选G项。 25．根据上文“Jackie Duda experienced many of these benefits.(Jackie Duda体验到了许多这样的好处。)”以及下文““After I get out of the pool, I feel like I’m 31, not 61” she says. “Being in the water is what has made me feel like myself again.”(她说：“当我从泳池里出来时，我感觉我像是31岁，而不是61岁。待在水中让我再次感觉像我自己。”)”可知Jackie Duda因为游泳带来的好处，打算继续在水中锻炼，与F项“And for that reason she plans to keep up her water workouts.(因为这个原因，她计划继续进行水中锻炼。)”表达的意思一致，故选F项。 （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）At 50, when a lot of people tend to step away from active sports, Pervin Batliwals started running. Today, at 69, Batliwala has completed all the six major 26 across the world. As a leader in Hindustan Unilever Lid, Bathwala would join other 27 for a run at the stadium (露天运动场) with coach Savio D’Souza, as part of the company’s initiative (倡议) to 28 staff wellbeing. On one such run, D’Souza asked her to 29 him to run on the road. “From that day on, I started running on the road.” she says. With several marathons done since that 30 match, Batliwala mixes running with swimming and other training to 31 strength and stamina (耐力). Before big 32 such as the 88-km Comrades Marath on in South Africa and 72-km Khardung La Challenge in Ladakb, she also monitors her diet. What remains constant is her never-say-never 33 . “However tired I am, I talk to myself and 34 myself to get to the 35 line.” she says. She’s a 36 person who’s always talking, joking and making noise while running, and other people, who may be a decade or two younger than her, 37 running with her. An inspiration to both young and old, she’s a firm believer that 38 is just a number and can’t 39 what one can do. A quote that she lives by goes: “We do not stop 40 because we grow old, we grow old because we stop exercising!” 26．A．courses B．marathons C．practices D．tasks 27．A．employees B．athletes C．friends D．reporters 28．A．harm B．ignore C．improve D．treasure 29．A．help B．invite C．persuade D．join 30．A．initial B．hard C．ordinary D．extra 31．A．show B．build C．reduce D．influence 32．A．events B．changes C．accidents D．chances 33．A．mission B．direction C．approach D．attitude 34．A．allow B．push C．order D．teach 35．A．finish B．bottom C．front D．waiting 36．A．firm B．reliable C．lively D．brave 37．A．stop B．avoid C．consider D．enjoy 38．A．score B．money C．speed D．age 39．A．present B．describe C．decide D．predict 40．A．working B．exercising C．thinking D．learning 【答案】 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印度斯坦联合利华的领导人Pervin Batliwals完成六次马拉松赛事并带领员工坚持跑步锻炼的故事。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，69岁的Batliwals已经完成了全球六大马拉松赛事。A. courses课程；B. marathons马拉松；C. practices练习；D. tasks任务。根据下文“With several marathons done (跑了好几场马拉松)”可知，此处是指Batliwals已经完成“马拉松”赛事。故选B项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为印度斯坦联合利华的领导，Batliwals将与其他员工一起在体育馆里与教练Savio D’Souza一起跑步，这是公司改善员工健康的举措之一。A. employees雇员；B. athletes运动员；C. friends朋友；D. reporters记者。根据下文“as part of the company’s initiative (作为公司倡议的一部分)”可知，此处是指和“员工”一起跑步。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. harm损害；B. ignore忽视；C. improve改善、提高；D. treasure珍视。根据下文“staff wellbeing”以及常识可知，跑步是一项“改善”员工健康的举措。故选C项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次这样的跑步中，D’Souza让她邀请他在路上跑步。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. persuade说服；D. join加入。根据下文“From that day on, I started running on the road.(从那天起，我开始在路上跑步)”可知，此处是指D’Souza让她“邀请”他在路上跑步。故选D项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从第一次比赛以来，Batliwals已经参加了几次马拉松比赛，他将跑步、游泳和其他训练结合起来，以增强力量和耐力。A. initial最初的；B. hard困难的；C. ordinary普通的；D. extra额外的。根据上文“With several marathons done (跑了好几场马拉松)”可知，此处是指“最初的、第一次”的比赛。故选A项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. show展示；B. build建造；C. reduce降低；D. influence影响。根据上文“Batliwala mixes running with swimming and other training to”以及下文的“strength and stamina (力量和耐力)”可知，此处是指训练以“增强”力量和耐力。故选B项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在诸如南非的88公里同志马拉松和拉达克的72公里Khardung La挑战赛等大型赛事之前，她也会监控自己的饮食。A. events事件、赛事；B. changes改变；C. accidents事故；D. chances机会。根据下文“the 88-km Comrades Marath on in South Africa and 72-km Khardung La Challenge in Ladakb (南非的88公里同志马拉松和拉达克的72公里Khardung La挑战赛)”可知，此处是指在这种大型“赛事”之前。故选A项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不变的是她永不言败的态度。A. mission使命；B. direction方向；C. approach方法；D. attitude态度。根据上文“What remains constant is her never-say-never”可知，此处表示她的永不言败的这种“态度”。故选D项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不管我有多累，我都会对自己说，强迫自己到达终点线。”她说。A. allow允许；B. push推动、强迫；C. order命令；D. teach教学。根据上文“What remains constant is her never-say-never”可知，她具备永不言败的态度，所以此处表示她“强迫”自己前进。故选B项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. finish终点；B. bottom底部；C. front前面；D. waiting等待。根据上文“ However tired I am, I talk to myself and __9__ myself to get to the”以及下文“line”可知，此处是指她强迫自己到达“终点”线。故选A项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一个活泼的人，总是在跑步时说话、开玩笑、制造噪音，而其他可能比她小十岁或二十岁的人也喜欢和她一起跑步。A. firm坚定的；B. reliable可靠的；C. lively活泼的；D. brave勇敢的。根据下文“who’s always talking, joking and making noise while running,(总是一边跑一边说话、开玩笑、制造噪音)”可知，她是一个“活泼的”人。故选C项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. stop停止；B. avoid避免；C. consider考虑；D. enjoy享受。根据“who’s always talking, joking and making noise while running,(总是一边跑一边说话、开玩笑、制造噪音)”可知，她是一个活泼的人，所以其他人“享受”和她一起跑步。故选D项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她鼓舞着年轻人和老年人，她坚信年龄只是一个数字，并不能决定一个人能做什么。A. score分数；B. money金钱；C. speed速度；D. age年龄。根据上文“An inspiration to both young and old,(对年轻人和老年人都是一种激励)”可知，此处是指“年龄”只是一个数字。故选D项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. present赠送、呈现；B. describe描述；C. decide决定；D. predict预测。根据上文“An inspiration to both young and old,(对年轻人和老年人都是一种激励)”和下文“what one can do (一个人能做什么)”可知，此处是指年龄只是一个数字，不能“决定”一个人能做什么。故选C项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她生活中的一句名言是：“我们不会因为变老而停止锻炼，我们会因为停止锻炼而变老!”A. working工作；B. exercising锻炼；C. thinking思考；D. learning学习。根据下文“we grow old because we stop exercising!(我们变老是因为我们停止锻炼！)”可知，此处是指们不会因为变老而停止“锻炼”。故选B项。 （八） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·广西来宾·期末）语法填空 Despite being 75 years old, Chai Tixia's expertise (专长) in Jianzi is truly impressive. With quick kicks, he effortlessly sends the Jianzi into the air and gracefully guides it to land 41 (gentle) on his head. Jianzi, 42 game that dates back to the Han Dynasty, is surprisingly simple: players must keep the Jianzi in the air, 43 (use) any part of their body except their hands and arms. However, to master this game requires a lot of practice. While enjoyed throughout China, Jianzi 44 (describe) by Chai as an important part of hutong culture. The narrow hutongs, situated within Beijing’s inner city, provide the setting (环境) 45 the game’s popularity. Each morning, Chai and his fellow hutong residents gather for their shared passion for Jianzi. Chai's spirited matches with 46 (he) neighbors have a big audience drawn to the artistry and excitement of the game. The onlookers (旁观者), 47 watch them playing with great athleticism, are 48 (amaze) at what Chai and his fellow players can achieve. Having practiced Jianzi for over 30 years, Chai values the physical and social 49 (benefit) the game brings. Taking an active part in lively matches with his neighbors energizes his body, increases his flexibility 50 improves unity within the community. Through Jianzi, Chai harvests not only health but a sense of belonging and friendship. 【答案】 41．gently 42．a 43．using 44．is described 45．for 46．his 47．who 48．amazed 49．benefits 50．and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是毽子这个游戏和Chai Tixia踢毽子的高超技术。 41．考查副词。句意：随着快速的踢腿，他毫不费力地将毽子踢向空中，并优雅地引导它轻轻地落在他的头上。空格处用副词修饰动词land，gentle的副词是gently，意为“轻柔地”，故填gently。 42．考查冠词。句意：毽子是一种可以追溯到汉代的游戏，非常简单：玩家必须使用身体的任何部位，除了手和手臂，将毽子保持在空中。game是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，game是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 43．考查非谓语动词。毽子是一种可以追溯到汉代的游戏，非常简单：玩家必须使用身体的任何部位，除了手和手臂，将毽子保持在空中。句中谓语是must keep，空格处用非谓语动词，players和use之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填using。 44．考查动词时态和语态。句意：虽然在中国各地都很受欢迎，但毽子被Chai形容为胡同文化的重要组成部分。毽子被Chai形容，且句子描述客观事实，时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语Jianzi是不可数名词，因此空格处是is described。故填is described。 45．考查介词。句意：位于北京内城的狭窄胡同为这项运动的流行提供了场地。此处是固定搭配：provide sth. for sth.意为“为某种情况提供条件”。故填for。 46．考查代词。句意：Chai和邻居们的激烈比赛吸引了大批观众，他们被这项运动的艺术性和刺激感所吸引。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。 47．考查定语从句。句意：观看他们出色的运动能力的旁观者对Chai和他的同伴们所取得的成就感到惊讶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是onlookers，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导。故填who。 48．考查形容词。句意：观看他们出色的运动能力的旁观者对Chai和他的同伴们所取得的成就感到惊讶。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，修饰主语onlookers，修饰人，用-ed形式。故填amazed。 49．考查名词。句意：练了30多年的简子棋，他很看重这项运动给身体和社会带来的好处。benefit是可数名词，不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填benefits。 50．考查连词。句意：积极参加与邻居的激烈比赛，使他的身体充满活力，增加了他的灵活性，并促进了社区的团结。energizes，increases和improves这三个动作是并列的，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“体育与健康”。本单元旨在帮助同学们认识体育竞技和健康的重要性，培养热爱体育和保护健康意识。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁铁岭·期末）最近，你校英文报正在举办主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health”的征文活动，假定你是李华，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文投稿。 1.你对征文主题的理解 2.你喜欢的运动 3.该运动给你带来的好处 注意：1.词数80左右 2.开头已写好，不计入总词数 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular. As we all know, a person who takes exercise regularly always keeps fit and lives a happy life.     As for me, my favorite sport is basketball, which I think not only builds up my body but also makes me refreshed. After a whole day of hard study, playing basketball helps me relax. Besides, through the game, I have learned the spirit of teamwork, an important quality needed in the future. Furthermore, I think it offers me a good opportunity to make friends with people who have similar interests with me.    In short, playing basketball enriches myself and makes me more confident. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英语短文参加主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health”的征文活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 健康的：fit→healthy 另外：besides→moreover 重要的：important→significant 另外：furthermore→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, through the game, I have learned the spirit of teamwork, an important quality needed in the future. 拓展句：Besides, through the game, I have learned the spirit of teamwork, which is an important quality needed in the future. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, a person who takes exercise regularly always keeps fit and lives a happy life. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和who引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] As for me, my favorite sport is basketball, which I think not only builds up my body but also makes me refreshed. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) $$