Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements Grammar and usage Exploring the rules 3 Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. 谓语 非谓语 过去分词做状语，描述主语状态 ... his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. 谓语 非谓语 help (to) do... 宾语与宾补为被动关系 V–ed forms as attributives 单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前(left 除外)，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。 1. 单个V-ed作定语通常前置 a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有被动和完成的意义。 b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有主动和完成意义。 ① a grown woman 一位成年妇女 ② fallen leaves 落叶 ① a broken cup 一个破杯子 ② a wounded soldier 一名伤员 = a cup that has been broken = a woman that has grown a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信 去年生产的彩色电视机 2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 3. V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。 a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。 b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。 =Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 1. Most of the people (invite) to the party are famous scientists. 2. The EMS (post) yesterday will reach my brother in three days. 3. There has been nothing (change) here since I left this city. 4. She is a (respect) teacher. invited posted changed Practice respected 5. There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 6. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world. 7. I have collected the money ______ (need) in the project. 8. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 9. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. excited developed needed discussed surprised V–ed forms as adverbials ① Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 ① Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) ② Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 ① Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) ② Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 ① Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) (Because he was) ② Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 ① Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) (Because he was) 1. 作原因状语 ① Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 ① Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) ② Water boils, heated to 100℃. 水加热到100度就沸腾。 ① Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) ② Water boils, heated to 100℃. 水加热到100度就沸腾。 ① Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) (when it is) 2. 作时间状语 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired, he went on working. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired, he went on working. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 3. 作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he won't come again. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he won't come again. (Although he was) (If he is) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he won't come again. (Although he was) (If he is) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. 4. 作条件状语 ① She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 ① She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) ② Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 ① She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) ② Absorbed in the work, he ignored food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 ① She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) (He was) ② Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 ① She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) (He was) 5. 作伴随或方式状语 特别提醒： Given more time, he could finish the task. Given more time, I think he could finish the task. ①动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 ( √ ) (×) ② 把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词) + 过去分词”结构。如： When ______(give) the nucleic acid test, you should keep your mouth wide open. When you are given the ..... 当你做核算检测时要长大嘴巴。 Though ______ (beat) by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart. Though they were beaten by ...... 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。 given beaten Challenge yourselves 36 The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by some students. 2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didn't feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间 原因 条件 让步 伴随  V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句； When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent. Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all.  V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个 并列句； V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 V–ed forms as object complements • V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。 • V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如： watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。 ① When we got to school, we saw the door _____ (lock). ② He found his house ______ (break) into when he got back home. V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况： locked broken ① You'd better keep the guests _______ (inform) of what happened outside. ② We're having our car ________ (repair). ③ I'm trying to get this article _______ (write) for Thursday.  ④ She had to shout to make herself _______ (hear) above the sound of the music. 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。 如：have, make, get, keep等。 informed repaired written heard 3. 在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 ① The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ (tie) behind his back. ② With water _______ (heat), we can see the steam.  ③ With the matter _______ (settle), we all went home.  tied heated settled (表方式) (表条件) (表原因) Applying the rules 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Watching the __________ (finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling. 2. Most of the artists __________ (inviting/invited) to the party were from South Africa. 3. Do you still remember the Olympic Games________(held/holding) in Beijing in 2008? 4. The __________ (surprising/surprised) look on her face suggested that she hadn't known the news before. The stranger spoke in a __________ (frighten) voice. 5. There are many ________ (fallen / falling) leaves on the street. finished invited held surprised fallen frightening a shocked look a thrilling/trembling voice 6. They represent the earth _______ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020高考题) 7. Some people never desire the happiness __________ (belong) to others; they always believe they have their own. 8. The professor sat in the front of the hall, ________(prepare) for the lecture. 9. ________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 10. The lady returned home, ________ (follow) by the famous detective Holmes. followed Ordered coming preparing belonging Practice on textbook Verb-ed forms as attributives something produced by the mould Verb-ed forms as adverbials Verb-ed forms as object complements the prepared mind surprised by this, ... get its mass production started Exploring the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) (active/passive) meaning. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) (2) ____________(relative clause/adverbial clause). The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Working out the rules Finish the exercises (P49) B1 The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. B2 interesting Knowing tied Conducted accepted arguing Go through the notes on page 100 and page 101. 50 Exploring the rules 1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria. 2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 3. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 4. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 5. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. Read the following sentences and pay special attention to the underlined part. attributive attributive adverbial adverbial object complement Finish Part B1 & B2 on page 50. Homework ___________________________________________________________ $$