Unit 3 The world online Grammar and usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 3 The world online Grammar & Usage Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements Leona Go through “Grammar notes” from P99~100. I. V-ing形式作定语 II. V-ing形式作状语 III. V-ing形式作宾补 Leona I. V-ing形式作定语 ①单个动词-ing形式作定语 ②动词-ing短语作定语,与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。 Leona the running water the building materials a walking stick The boy swimming in the lake seems quite strong. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语，位于被修饰名词的前面。 -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。常见如下： amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, terrifying, frightening, satisfying... Leona 4 现在分词短语 它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother . = The boy that / who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother . 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 Leona 1. The wolf yelled in a ____________ voice and Lily felt____________. (frighten) 2. It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ________(sleep) baby. 3. He was____________ by the ____________ performance.(astonish) frightening frightened sleeping astonishing astonished 练习：将下列句子用适当形式补充完整 Leona ① They are living in a house (facing the lake). ② The teachers (_________ (work) in this university) can apply for an apartment for free. ③ The customer (________ (sit) at the table ) is very upset. 练习：将下列句子改为含有定语从句的形式 = They are living in a house that faces the lake. = The teachers who/that are working in this university can apply for an apartment for free. = The customer who sits at the table is very upset. working sitting Leona 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别： 现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作; 过去分词表示被动或完成意义; 不定式表示动作尚未发生 。 You should adapt to the changing situation. The ground is covered with fallen leaves . I’m looking for a room to live in. Leona II. V-ing形式作状语 ② 时间状语 ① 原因状语 ③ 条件状语 ④ 结果状语 ⑤ 让步、方式、伴随状语 可转化成相对应的状语从句 或 在V-ing前面加相应连词 主要用法 注意 时态 语态 否定式 独立主格 评注性状语 Leona ing形式作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，常常用来表示原因，时间，方式，结果，条件，伴随状况等。ing形式一般不作目的状语（通常用________作目的状语）。 V-ing used as adverbial（状语） to do Leona (1)作原因状语 ( 一般可转换成由as 、because 引导的原因状从) Being ill , he couldn't go to school . = ______________ , he couldn't go to school . 因为生病了,他无法去上学。 As he was ill Leona (2)作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句) Walking in the park , she saw an old friend. = ______________________________________ , she saw an old friend . 当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。 When / While ( she was ) walking in the park Leona ( 3 ) 作条件状语(一般放句首，前面可加 if , unless 等连词) Working hard , you'll make great progress . =__________________ , you'll make great progress . 如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。 If you work hard Leona (4)作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时,通常放句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment , __________(allow) more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能得到治疗。 allowing Leona 动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可加thus, 而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用 only to do结构，其被动形式为 only to be done He was caught in the rain, thus (make) himself catch a cold. I hurried to school, only (tell) it was Sunday. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 General rules to be told making 结果状语 Leona (5)作让步、方式和伴随状语 说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。 He earns a living driving a taxi. = He earns a living ___________ a taxi. Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. = Mary sat by the window of the classroom_____________________ and was reading a book 方式 伴随 by driving Leona 注意: 为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when,while,强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before,after,强调动作先后发生;加上thus,强调结果; although或though,强调让步等。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = _______________________, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管他们了解这一切,但还是让我赔偿损失。 让步 Though knowing all this Leona As a result, most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, thus _________ (allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed. allowing 结果 Leona 1. Because Tom had a bad cold, Tom ....... 2 When I was walking along the street, I saw .... 3 They stood and talked to each other. 4 If you turn to the left, you will see the top. 练习：将下列句子改为含有状语从句的形式 Leona 要注意各种形式变化： 主动形式 被动形式 动词-ing作状语 一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done Leona 使用时也要考虑时态哦~ 现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性. ①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用分词的一般式。 __________(walk) in the street , I met an old friend of mine . ②当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。 _______________(finish) the letter , he went to post it . Walking Having finished Leona 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和逻辑主语（主句主语）的关系。 _____________ (work) for over 30 years, Mr Wang retired last month. ________________ (raise) on a farm, Tim knows a lot about farm animals. 语态 Having worked Having been raised Leona 一般式 完成式 Doing having done 否定式 动词-ing形式的否定式 1. ____________ (know) the time of the meeting, he didn’t come. ________________ (make) full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 3. ____________ (know) his new address, I couldn't go to see him yesterday. Not knowing Not having made Not knowing not doing not having done Leona 独立主格结构 动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可表示时间，原因或条件。 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。 The trees are extremely tall, some (measure) over 90 meters. 由于天气好，我们去散步了。 The weather (be fine),we went out for a walk. being fine measuring Leona 一般来说 从……判断 从全盘考虑 e.g.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 动词­ing形式作评注性状语 有些动词­ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度，观点等。 generally speaking judging by/from ... taking everything into consideration Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. Leona ①表感觉和心理状态的感官动词 see/hear/feel/smell…+sb +doing sth. ②使役动词“使，让” have/let/keep…+sb/sth + doing sth. III. V-ing形式作宾补 Leona (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有watch, see， hear, feel, find, notice, smell, observe, look at, listen to等。 我感觉到有人拍了一下我的肩膀。 I felt somebody ________ (pat) me on the shoulder. 你能闻到烧焦的味道吗？ Can you smell anything _________ (burn)? 我没有注意到他正在大门口等着。 I didn’t notice him ________ (wait) at the gate. V-ing形式作宾补 patting burning waiting Leona (2)使役动词, “使，让”have/keep/set/get…+sb/sth + doing sth.常见的还有let, catch, leave等。 我不愿意让你一直做那件事。 I won’t have you doing that. 对不起，让你一直等了那么久。 I’m sorry to have kept you ________ (wait). 我不能让钟表再运行了。 I can’t get the clock _______ (go) again. V-ing形式作宾补 waiting going Leona ①He was last seen (read) in the library. ②When I entered the classroom, I saw him (try) to open the locker. ③They kept us waiting for three hours.(变被动语态) →We for three hours. ④We saw him put on his coat and walk out.(变被动语态) →He his coat and walk out. reading trying were kept waiting was seen to put on 练习：将下列句子用适当形式补充完整 be seen to do 被看到做某事（做整个事的全过程） be seen doing 被看见正在做某事(做某事的一部分） Leona 链接高考：语法填空 1. The students who are caught ________ (cheat) in the exam will be punished. 2. The teacher went away angrily, leaving the student _________ (stand) outside. 3. When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 4. With ________ (shine) dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. 5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off. cheating standing surrounding shining cheating Leona find/spot/catch sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 sb be found/spotted/caught doing sth 某人被发现正在做某事 The students ( who are caught ________ (cheat) in the exam) will be punished. The students caught cheating in the exam will be punished. cheating Leona find/spot/catch sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 sb be found/spotted/caught doing sth 某人被发现正在做某事 The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off. The salesman caught the girl stealing. The girl was caught stealing. The salesman scolded the girl who was caught stealing and let her off. stealing Leona I. V-ing形式作定语 II. V-ing形式作状语 III. V-ing形式作宾补 ①单个动词-ing形式作定语,放前 ②动词-ing短语作定语,与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主动关系，相当于一个定语从句，放后。 ① 时间状语 ② 原因状语 ③ 条件状语 ④ 结果状语 ⑤ 方式、伴随状语 ①表感觉和心理状态的感官动词 see/hear/feel/smell…+sb +doing sth. ②使役动词“使，让”/ 3. 特殊动词/4. with have/let/keep…+sb/sth + doing sth. Leona Anna is reading an article about a website. Read the website article on P34 and answer the following question. Leona 1. JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. 2. Fiona Lin, the lady running the website, had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. 3. She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. 4. Taking advantage of the site’s great start, Fiona decided to add more content. 5. The website welcomes inspiring stories from dance lovers about how they started dancing and how dance changed their life. 6. Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through new media. Exploring the rules Read the article about a website for dance lovers. Find the sentences with the verb-ing forms. A attributive attributive OC OC manner adverbial 方式状语 attributive time adverbial 时间状语 Leona Please complete the table in part A. Verb-ing forms as attributives Verb-ing forms as adverbials Verb-ing forms as object complements a website belonging to all dance lovers Taking advantage of the site’s great start she watched her daughter dancing the lady running the website inspiring stories Having achieved such success She always found dance relaxing. Leona Working out the rules The verb-ing form can be used like an adjective or adverb, indicating a(n) (1) (active/passive) meaning. When the verb-ing form is used as an attributive, it often comes (2) (before/after) the noun, but the verb-ing phrase used as an attributive is usually put (3) (before/after) the noun. When used as an adverbial, the verb-ing form can express time, reason, result or condition. The verb-ing form can also be used as an object complement. active before after Leona 1. I saw that Jess was doing research online in the computer room. I saw _________________________ in the computer room. 2. Anybody who goes online should be careful about their personal information. ___________________ should be careful about their personal information. 3. When he heard the news, he jumped for joy. _______________, he jumped for joy. 4. After I searched the Internet for information, I started writing my article. ________________________________________, I started writing my article. Jess doing research online Anybody going online Can you figure out the functions of the verb-ing forms in the missing parts Hearing the news Having searched the Internet for information OC attributive Time adverbial Time adverbial Leona B2 amaze cut have run use think Anna: Jen, I love your new haircut. It looks great! Jen: Thanks! I chose it online. I was always worried about picking a wrong style. That got me (1) __________- what if someone could choose it for me? Anna: What do you mean? Jen: I found this (2) ________ app. If you upload a photo of your face, it'll recommend a few haircuts to you. Anna: Sounds super, but what if I don't like the recommended haircuts? Jen: In that case, you can choose different styles from hundreds of hairstyles and try them out. You can also share pictures of your chosen haircuts on social media and let your friends choose one for you! Anna: Cool! What did the person (3) ________ your hair think about the app? Jen: She said it would make her job easier. (4) _________ apps like this, people are more likely to find satisfactory haircuts. Anna: I agree. (5) ___________ a few bad haircuts myself, I'm always a little nervous about having a new haircut. I'll download it and get it (6) ___________. thinking amazing cutting Using Having had running object complement attributive attributive manner adverbial object complement reason adverbial Leona 1. It rained heavily for several days, ________ (cause) severe floods in the country. 2. Suddenly Mike saw a huge horse _________ (run) towards him and was frightened to scream. 3. The issue _______________ (talk about) in their family now is very important to them. 4. Mary wrote a letter to her parents, _____________(say) she missed them and was studying hard. 5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off. causing running being talked about saying Fill in the blanks with proper verb-ing forms. Consolidation stealing object complement object complement attributive result adverbial 结果状从 attributive Leona find/spot/catch sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 sb be found/spotted/caught doing sth 某人被发现正在做某事 The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off. The salesman scolded the girl who was caught stealing and let her off. stealing Leona 6. They found a dying old woman ______ (lie) on the ground when the door was broken open. 7. __________________ (not receive) a reply, he decided to send them another email. 8. After he was elected president of the company, he made an _____________ (inspire) speech. 9. ______________(work) as a volunteer teacher in Tibet for a year, Linda becomes more experienced. 10. There are so many troublesome problems ____________ (remain) to be solved. lying Not having received inspiring Consolidation Having worked remaining adverbial adverbial attributive attributive object complement Leona Homework Review what we have learned today; Complete the grammar part in the exercise book. Leona 1. 动词-ing形式作定语： ① 单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词 _______。 ② 动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词 ______，相当于一个_________，也可以用作 非限制定语，相当于一个________________。 ③ 动词-ing形式作定语，有______形式。 之前 之后 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 被动 2. 动词-ing形式作状语： 动词-ing形式可用作状语，可以表示_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、 _______等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。 时间 原因 结果 条件 让步 方式 伴随状况 Leona 3. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语： ① 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在_____ 后面。 ② 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补 足语的动词-ing形式便转换为_________。 ③ 能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词： 表示_____、_________和指使意义的。 宾语 主语补足语 感观 心理状态 Leona Applying the rules B1 1. I saw that Jess was doing research online in the computer room. I saw _______________________ in the computer room. 2. Anybody who goes online should be careful about their personal information. ____________________ should be careful about their personal information. 3. When he heard the news, he jumped for joy. _________________, he jumped for joy. 4. After I searched the Internet for information, I started writing my article. _______________________________________, I started writing my article. Jess doing research online Anybody going online Hearing the news Having searched the Internet for information Leona B2 amaze cut have run use think Anna: Jen, I love your new haircut. It looks great! Jen: Thanks! I chose it online. I was always worried about picking a wrong style. That got me (1) __________- what if someone could choose it for me? Anna: What do you mean? Jen: I found this (2) ________ app. If you upload a photo of your face, it'll recommend a few haircuts to you. Anna: Sounds super, but what if I don't like the recommended haircuts? Jen: In that case, you can choose different styles from hundreds of hairstyles and try them out. You can also share pictures of your chosen haircuts on social media and let your friends choose one for you! Anna: Cool! What did the person (3) ________ your hair think about the app? Jen: She said it would make her job easier. (4) _________ apps like this, people are more likely to find satisfactory haircuts. Anna: I agree. (5) ___________ a few bad haircuts myself, I'm always a little nervous about having a new haircut. I'll download it and get it (6) ___________. thinking amazing cutting Using Having had running Leona V-ing form: Dancing on the stage is my sister. Seeing is believing. The girl playing the violin is my daughter. I like sitting on the sofa and eating snacks. Seeing the girl, his face turns red. I saw a man walking on the roof. subject subject predictive attributive object adverbial object complement Leona Read and answer 1. Why did Fiona Lin set up the website JustDance? Because she wanted to introduce more people tp dance since she had realized that dance had a very positive effect on her daughter. 2. What is Fiona Lin’s future plan? She hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media, for example, through an app. Leona 1. For a moment, I hesitated, not ________(want) to tell her the truth. 2. _________ (use) as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful and convenient. 3. The amusement park____________(build) over there now is a new theme park. 4. The song ________(sing) all over the country, _______(make) it the most popular song. 5. We are all nervous about the _______(come) exams. 6. ____________________ (not invite) to the party, Lucy was upset. wanting Used being built making 练习：将下列句子用适当形式补充完整 coming is sung Not having been invited Leona 1. Standing by the window, I saw a beautiful flower. 2. Being poor, she couldn't afford it. 3. He sat in the sofa reading a book. 4. Using the new tool, you will finish the task quickly. 5. His father died, leaving the family even worse off 6. Studying hard, he didn't pass the exam. 7. He earns a living driving a taxi. 动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。 时间 原因 结果 伴随 条件 让步 方式 想一想，怎么变？ Leona 1. Standing by the window, I saw a beautiful flower. 2. Being poor, she couldn't afford it. 3. He sat in the sofa reading a book. 4. Using the new tool, you will finish the task quickly. 5. His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 6. Studying hard, he didn't pass the exam. 7. He earns a living driving a taxi. 动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。 时间 原因 结果 伴随 条件 让步 方式 想一想，怎么变？ When I stood Because she was poor and read If you use and left Though he studied hard by driving Leona 听到铃声，学生们开始走进教室。 Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见和进入两个动作同时相继发生 正在建造的大楼是我们的新图书馆。 The building being built now is our new library. being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。 完成了工作，他就回家了。 Having done the work, he went home. Leona 1. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) 3. Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 4. Walking ahead, you will see a white house. (=If you walk ahead, you will see a white house.) 练习：将下列句子改为含有状语从句的形式 Leona $$