专题09 阅读理解之议论文(高考真题+浙江名校模拟)-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用) 第一期 专题09 阅读理解之议论文(高考真题+浙江名校模拟) （2024年新高考I卷高考真题）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. （2024·浙江金华·模拟预测）It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 5．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 6．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 7．Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．harmful 8．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. （2024·浙江·模拟预测）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device. We now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with a set of “navigational(导航的) tools”, but it turns out the best navigation al devices are your forefinger and thumb. You can use them to turn the pages forward and backward. Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, which uses a device called a “bookmark”. Fans of the e-book say that digital text is easy to make notes. Some devices even feature a little image of a pencil to guide the reader through the process. Traditional-book users use real “pencils”. With it, favoured passages can be underlined and comments can be written in themargin(页边空白), such as “Not so, according to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” Such books can be left around for others to read, convincing family members of your insight. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper volumes, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body shape was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, placing these weighty books in our backpacks would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward in a way that turned the school into a military parade ground. Tidying expert Marie Kondo has said that she keeps about 30 books at any one time. Those who follow Kondo’s example may have a tidier home, but a large, well-stocked bookshelf is more meaningful. It’s a map of your life as a reader: the passions that passed and those that continued. There are books that introduced you to other books, and books that nursed you through difficult times. I don’t know whether the shift back to traditional books will last. But for the moment, I find myself salute their glorious return. 9．What is a “search” tool of traditional books? A．Pencil. B．Bookmark. C．Search engine. D．Forefinger and thumb. 10．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The popularity of traditional books. B．The lightweight design of e-books. C．The wide use of e-books in classrooms. D．The possible good impact of weighty books. 11．How does the author explain the features of traditional books? A．By making comparisons. B．By collecting users’ feedback. C．By presenting research findings. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Call of the E-books B．The Victory of the Printed Book C．The Differences in Reading Habits D．The Mystery of the Digital World （2024·浙江·三模）Fifty years after Liliana Cavani’s film The Night Porter was released to widespread critical disgust, how have views of it changed? “To write a poem after Auschwitz is barbaric,” wrote the German theorist Theodor Adorno, suggesting in his 1949 essay Cultural Criticism and Society that artistic expression had been rendered inadequate as a tool to understand reality after the Holocaust. In her 1974 film The Night Porter, Italian director Liliana Cavani challenged this theory, taking it to its logical extreme. She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls. Amid the furore after its release — which included intensely negative reviews and an at-tempted ban by the Italian ratings board—with typical nonchalance, Cavani told The New York Times: “This is nothing compared to the numberless couples who tear each other apart psychologically.” Half a century on, however, does The Night Porter still seem like a provocation that plumbs the depths of bad taste? With the film’s recent restoration and re-releases, as well as renewed conversations around cinematic depictions of the Holocaust, many have revisited the film and remain unimpressed by its content. Others are perhaps seeing the film more as Lili-an a Cavani originally intended: as an artistic reflection of how sexual obsession can be fascistic in its tunnel-visioned ferocity. Cavani herself put it more simply: “love comes always with a price to pay.” The Night Porter is set in Vienna in 1957, where a former Nazi commandant, Max (Dirk Bogarde), works in an upmarket hotel. There, he clashes with former SS colleagues who are determined to purge themselves of any shame about their roles in the Final Solution and eliminate any surviving witnesses. Max, however, would rather forget his past and move on, living his life quietly, he says, “as a church mouse.” His careful world is upended when Lucia (Charlotte Rampling), now married to an American composer, walks into his hotel lobby — the very woman he sexually abused while she was a prisoner in his camp, and with whom he entered into a sadomasochistic relationship. Reunited once more, their twisted folie a deux resumes and a fervent debasement begins — now, on both sides. 13．Which of the following statements best reflects the author’s perspective on the film’s portrayal of the Holocaust? A．The film is a disrespectful and exploitative representation of the Holocaust. B．The film is a complex and abstract exploration of Nazi ideology and sexual taboos. C．The film is a straightforward historical account of the Holocaust. D．The film is a romanticized depiction of love during the Holocaust. 14．In the context of the article, which of the following best describes the term “sadomasochistic”? A．A form of psychological therapy. B．A type of artistic expression. C．A relationship dynamic characterized by the exchange of pain and pleasure. D．A historical account of events during World War II. 15．What is the main argument of those who defend the film’s artistic merit? A．The film provides a realistic portrayal of the Holocaust. B．The film’s controversial nature generates important discussions. C．The film is a successful example of the “Nazisploitation” genre. D．The film’s plot and character development are highly original. 16．What is the most appropriate title for the article? A．“The Night Porter: A Cinematic Controversy” B．“Liliana Cavani: The Director Who Challenged Art” C．“Love and Evil: The Complex Themes of The Night Porter” D．“The Holocaust on Film: A History of Cinematic Portrayals” （2024·浙江杭州·二模）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 17．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 18．What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive. C．To forgive is to abuse. D．To dominate is to harm. 19．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 20．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. （2024·浙江·二模）Almost all humans acquire at least one language before the age of five. How do young children understand and produce complex sentences with complicated meanings? Do adults learn language differently from children? Most linguistic (语言学的) researchers agree that both nature and nurture (后天) are involved in language acquisition. They disagree, however, about how much linguistic knowledge children have from birth — and thus whether genetics or experience is more important in language acquisition. For many linguists, biological factors are the most important in language learning. Some argue that some linguistic knowledge must exist in our brains from birth because children cannot possibly experience every feature of their language before the age of five. These linguists point out that nearly all children can produce the same kinds of complex sentence structures by the age of five, even without having heard them before. Many researchers have theorized what this innate (先天的) linguistic knowledge must look like. One popular theory (理论) is universal grammar. This theory believes that all languages have the same basic structural foundation. That foundation is the innate knowledge universal to all humans. While children are not genetically tending to speak a particular language, a universal grammar gives them certain linguistic information as a starting point, which allows them to readily acquire the rules and patterns of whichever language they are exposed to. Not all linguists, however, believe that an inborn ability for language is the most important factor in language acquisition. These researchers place greater emphasis on the influence of usage and experience. They argue that children are exposed to a wealth of linguistic structures over the course of five years. They gather data and determine language patterns and structures from what they have observed. Linguists on both sides of the debate are still working to explain the different language learning abilities of adults and children. Early childhood seems to be an important period for mastering certain aspects of language. Children also tend to have a heightened ability to learn second languages. While adults may have some advantages when studying in a formal classroom， they usually do not learn second languages. While adults may have some advantages when studying in a formal classroom, they usually do not learn as quickly and easily as children. Are these different abilities a result of differences in how adults and children are exposed to a new language? Are they the result of biological changes, or do both biology and experience come into play? While our understanding of language acquisition is incomplete, this pursuit is well worth the effort. “We still don’t understand how a child learns its first language, why some children have language disorders, or how children and adults learn a second language,” explains Professor Joan Ma ling. Explaining the process of language acquisition promises not only to help scientists answer these questions, but also to explain fundamental features of learning and the human brain. 21．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The control of nurture over nature in language acquisition. B．The influence of universal grammar in language acquisition. C．The best methods for children and adults to acquire language. D．The role of biological and environmental factors in language acquisition. 22．What is covered in the second part of this article? A．Studying language acquisition will help understand language and the brain better. B．Some experts believe innate factors explain children’s language development. C．Some experts focus on the role of environmental factors in language acquisition. D．Acquiring a language is complicated, and it involves both nature and nurture. 23．What can we know about what the author wants from the 2 and 3 paragraph? A．Present a general argument and then explain a specific theory. B．Present a specific theory and then propose a new study to prove it. C．Present a general argument and then disprove an opposite argument. D．Present a scientific debate and then discuss what all linguists agree on. 24．What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6? A．To raise open questions that all linguists have. B．To present two different viewpoints on language learning. C．To stress the importance of experience in language learning. D．To introduce adult language acquisition and show why it’s unpopular. （2024·浙江·三模）In 2017, Irish President Michael D．Higgins and his wife Sabina started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards, the purpose of which is to invite students from throughout that country to reflect on interesting questions and participate in philosophical thinking and discussion. In 2023, over 500 young thinkers came together at University College Dublin for the sixth annual gathering. The grand prize winner was Seán Radeliffe from Cork, for his essay ‘Has Plato’s tale of the cave been warning us of social media for 2,500years?’And speaking of Plato, in 2022, an award-winning documentary film entitled Young Plato received international recognition. It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence(For more, see YoungPlato. com). As one can see, philosophy is alive and well in both the Republic of Ireland and the UK constituent country of Northern Ireland. Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative. This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humor, charm, and friendliness enriched my life. Like Tom Duddy, Seán died much too young. He demonstrated to me the true meaning of William Butler Yeats’s closing words from his poem ‘The Municipal Gallery Revisited’: “Think where man’s glory most begins and ends And say my glory was I had such friends.” Prof. Timothy J. Madigan St John Fisher University 25．What can readers probably get on YoungPlato. com? A．How critical thinking helps students reflect on their violence. B．How Plato’s stories influence social media every now and then. C．How Higgins and his wife started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards. D．How young thinkers try philosophical thinking and discussion annually. 26．What will be highlighted in this edition of Philosophy Now? A．Ireland’s Philosophical Evolution. B．Thomas Duddy’s ideas on history. C．The growing reputation of Ireland. D．The ideal way of exploring philosophy. 27．Why does the author quote Yeats’s poem? A．To compare Seán’s achievement with Tom Duddy’s. B．To express the author’s sorrow for Seán’s early death. C．To appreciate the friendship between the author and Seán. D．To demonstrate the author’s understanding of philosophy. 28．What best shows the author’s view on philosophy? A．Creative. B．Reflective. C．Skeptical. D．Confused. （2024·浙江·三模）In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, action, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic. How explicit and consistent the symbolizing process was intended to be is a much thornier matter, but anyone who has more familiarity than a passing acquaintance with Dutch literature or with the kinds of images used in illustrated books (above all emblem books) will know how much less pervasive was the habit of investing ordinary objects than of investing scenes with meaning that go be-y ond their surface and outward appearance. In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jongh published an extraordinary array of material — especially from the emblem books and vernacular literature — that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pictures at surface value alone. The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jongh is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch viewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pictures as purely symbolic. Not every object within Dutch paintings need be interpreted in terms of the gloss given to its equivalent representation in the emblem books. Not every foot warmer is to be interpreted in terms of the foot warmer in Rowmer Visscher’s Sinnepoppen of 1614, not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that). To maintain as Brown does, that the two children in Netscher’s painting A Lady Teaching a Child to Read stand for industry and idleness is to fail to understand that the painting has a variety of possible meanings, even though the picture undoubtedly carriers unmistakable symbolic meanings, too. Modern Art historians may well find the discovery of parallels be-tween a painting and a specific emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can hardly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a laboriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characteristic in the seventeenth century. 29．The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? A．Reconciling two different points of view about how art reflects. B．Criticizing a traditional method of interpretation. C．Describing and evaluating a recent critical approach. D．Describing a long-standing controversy and how it was resolved. 30．The author of the passage mentions bridles in the highlighted portion of the passage most likely in order to ______. A．Suggest that restraint was only one of the many symbolic meanings attached to bridles B．Provide an example of an everyday, physical object that was not endowed with symbolic meaning C．Provide an example of an object that modern critics have endowed with symbolic meaning different from the meaning assigned it by seventeenth-century Dutch artists D．Provide an example of an object with symbolic meaning that was not always used as a symbol 31．Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage? A．It provides specific applications of the critical approach introduced in the preceding paragraph. B．It present a caveat about the critical approach discussed in the preceding paragraph. C．It presents the research on which a theory presented in the preceding paragraph is based. D．It refutes a theory presented in the preceding paragraph and advocates a return to a more traditional approach. 32．The passage suggests which of the following about emblem books in seventeenth-century Holland? A．They confirm that seventeenth century Dutch painting depict some objects and scenes rarely found in daily life. B．They are more useful than vernacular literature in providing information about the sym-bolic content of seventeenth-century Dutch painting. C．They have been misinterpreted by art critics, such as de Jongh, who claim seventeenth-century Dutch paintings contain symbolic meaning. D．They contain material that challenges the assumptions of the nineteenth-century critics about seventeenth-century Dutch painting. （2024·浙江·二模）In recent years, aggression on social media have become commonplace. More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives humans what we call a shared reality. I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressive behavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the aggressor, there are often no consequences. Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. 33．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph two refer to? A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions. C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans. 34．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic. 35．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression? A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world. B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions. C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces. D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior. 36．What is mainly discussed in this passage? A．The impact of social media on society. B．The influence of evolution on our behavior. C．The reasons behind rising online aggression. D．The factors in the social media development. （2024·浙江·二模）I’m always cautious of the tired saying, “If it doesn’t kill you, it’ll make you stronger.” I mean, what about polio (小儿麻痹症)? Or loads of other horrible things that if you survive, you’re left scarred in one way or another. For many years I worked in a specialist NHS clinic for people with eating disorders, which are greatly misunderstood and connected with vanity (虚荣) when instead it’s usually about control or even profound trauma (精神创伤). Eating disorders have the highest mortality of any mental illness, with one in five of those with an eating disorder dying from it. Treatment for it is long, tough and tiring. So, it’s fair to say it’s not something to be taken lightly. Yet I was often surprised by how many patients-patients with all sorts of other conditions too, from depression to cancer -would tell me how the experience had changed them for the better after receiving treatment. It’s not so much that what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger; more, it might make you more understanding of yourself and more sensitive to the battles and struggles of others. It can also give people a sense of determination and perseverance they never had before. I had one patient who was an addict and alcoholic besides suffering eating disorder. She was frequently rushed into hospital and was sometimes at a real risk of dying. However, after years of hard work, she stopped drinking, stopped using drugs and her eating disorder improved. She got back into work and started doing several courses to get promoted. Actually, she had gone through numerous intense and exhausting interviews before landing a job, but she said whenever she felt she couldn’t handle it or doubted her capabilities, she reminded herself that nothing would ever be worse or harder than what she had already gone through. She managed to make the most of her life and turn her life around. 37．What does the author think of the old mantra? A．Always applicable. B．Totally absurd. C．Partially right. D．Quite misleading. 38．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 possibly mean? A．The number of deaths. B．The possibility of being cured. C．The rate of getting mentally hurt. D．The chance of having mental illness. 39．How does the experience influence patients according to paragraph 3? A．It leads to a changeable attitude. B．It makes no noticeable difference. C．It builds up their physical strength. D．It fosters self-awareness and sympathy. 40．What can we learn about the patient mentioned in the last paragraph? A．She continued harmful habits. B．She relied only on medication. C．She always believed in herself. D．She became stronger and tougher. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 【点睛】 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。 5． 推理判断题。由文章第一段“It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放)to a ‘lonely dragon’retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously ‘wandered lonely as a cloud’, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide ‘cheerful company’. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.(这个词被认为是由伟大的造币者威廉·莎士比亚创造的。科里奥兰纳斯，他的角色之一，把流亡比作一条‘孤独的龙’隐居在他的洞穴里。他说的是一种生理状态：孤独的人只是一个人。然后，感谢浪漫主义诗人，这个词有了情感意义。孤独成了灵魂的一种状态。对于以‘像一朵云一样孤独地漫游’而闻名的威廉·华兹华斯来说，大自然提供了一种逃离消极孤独感的方式——一群花可以提供‘愉快的陪伴’。如今，孤独常常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会造成一种与外界脱节的感觉。)”可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用“孤独”一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了“孤独”概念的发展。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。由文章第二段“In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. (心理学教授Netta Weinstein在他的《孤独》一书中想知道独处时间的回报。他首先讲述了作家 Michel Montaigne和画家Edward Hopper等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，Netta利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。)”可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude.(孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。)”可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to ‘peak experiences’ such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.(相比之下，选择性的独处提供了自我反思的空间。它可以打开通往‘巅峰体验’的大门，比如奇迹、和谐和幸福。然而，遗憾的是，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者不喜欢他们有足够长的休息时间来体验这种体验。)”可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验“巅峰时刻”，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C项。 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者讨论了纸质书籍和数字书籍之间的对比，并表达了纸质书籍相对于数字书籍的优势。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Old-fashioned books also have a search function, which uses a device called a “bookmark”.(老式书籍也有搜索功能，使用一种叫做“书签”的设备。)”可知，传统的书籍也有搜索功能，而这个功能是通过书签来实现的。所以，传统书籍的“搜索”工具是书签。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper volumes, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body shape was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, placing these weighty books in our backpacks would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward in a way that turned the school into a military parade ground.(诚然，电子书比纸质书更轻，但人们必须质疑这是否真的是一种优势。在中学的时候，我的体型实际上是由于每天需要背课本而改变的。对我和我的同学们来说，把这些沉重的书放在书包里会让我们的肩膀向后缩，胸部向前伸，就像把学校变成了阅兵场一样。)”可知，第四段提到了作者在高中时期因为每天需要携带沉重的教科书，体型都发生了改变。作者和同学们的背包中放置这些沉重的书籍，使得他们的肩膀后倾，胸部前挺，使学校变得像军事阅兵场一样。这里强调了沉重书籍可能带来的积极影响，即它们帮助塑造了作者的身体姿态。因此，第四段主要关注的是沉重书籍可能带来的好影响。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者在文章中通过与传统书籍和数字书籍之间的对比来解释传统书籍的特点。例如，在提到导航工具时，作者将电子书的导航工具与手指翻页进行了对比；在提到做笔记的功能时，作者将电子书的“搜索”工具与书签进行了对比；在提到书籍的重量时，作者将电子书的轻便与纸质书籍的重量进行了对比。因此，作者主要通过比较的方式来解释传统书籍的特点。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“I don’t know whether the shift back to traditional books will last. But for the moment, I find myself salute their glorious return.(我不知道这种向传统书籍的转变是否会持续下去。但此刻，我要向它们的光荣归来致敬。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了纸质书籍相对于数字书籍的优势，并通过多个方面进行了对比和论证。作者表达了对纸质书籍回归的欢迎和对其特点的肯定，认为纸质书籍有其独特的价值和意义。因此，最能概括文章主题的标题应该是强调纸质书籍胜利或回归的，即选项B“The Victory of the Printed Book”。故选B。 13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》的具有争议的评价。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In her 1974 film The Night Porter, Italian director Liliana Cavani challenged this theory, taking it to its logical extreme. She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls.(意大利导演莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼在她1974年的电影《午夜守门人》中挑战了这一理论，将其推向了逻辑的极致。她以集中营为背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名党卫军指挥官之间疯狂的性关系，以及多年后，这种心理毒药是如何渗透到他们的灵魂中的)”可推知，这部电影是对纳粹意识形态和性禁忌的复杂而抽象的探索，最好地反映了作者对电影对大屠杀的描绘的观点。故选B。 14．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls.(她以集中营为背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名党卫军指挥官之间疯狂的性关系，以及多年后，这种心理毒药是如何渗透到他们的灵魂中的)”以及文章最后一段“His careful world is upended when Lucia (Charlotte Rampling), now married to an American composer, walks into his hotel lobby — the very woman he sexually abused while she was a prisoner in his camp, and with whom he entered into a sadomasochistic relationship.(当露西娅(夏洛特·兰普林饰)走进他的酒店大厅时，他小心翼翼的世界被颠覆了——露西娅(夏洛特·兰普林饰)现在嫁给了一位美国作曲家。露西娅正是他在集中营里被他性侵的那个女人，他和她陷入了一种受虐狂和施虐狂的关系)”可推知，sadomasochistic意为“一种以痛苦和快乐的交换为特征的动态关系”。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“With the film’s recent  restoration and re-releases, as well as renewed conversations around  cinematic depictions of the Holocaust, many have revisited the film and  remain unimpressed by its content. (随着这部电影最近的修复和重新发行，以及围绕大屠杀的电影描述的重新讨论，许多人重新审视了这部电影，但仍然对其内容不感兴趣)”可推知，那些为这部电影的艺术价值辩护的人的主要论点是影片的争议性引发了重要的讨论。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fifty years after Liliana Cavani’s film The Night Porter was released to widespread critical disgust, how have views of it changed?(莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》上映50年后，评论界对它的看法发生了怎样的变化？)”和全文描述可知，文章主要介绍了对莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》的具有争议的评价。故选A。 17．D 18．D 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.(那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。 18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；结合下文“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?(例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用？)”可知，奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦，此处通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.(我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长)”可知，作者对于宽恕持支持的态度。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度来看，我们看到了潜能和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。在现实生活中，宽恕的现实是随着实践而发展的)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B 【导语】这是是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了生物和环境因素在语言习得过程中的作用。 21．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Most linguistic (语言学的) researchers agree that both nature and nurture (后天) are involved in language acquisition. They disagree, however, about how much linguistic knowledge children have from birth — and thus whether genetics or experience is more important in language acquisition.(大多数语言学研究者一致认为，先天和后天都与语言习得有关。然而，对于儿童从出生时就拥有多少语言知识，以及基因和经验在语言习得中哪个更重要，他们意见不一)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了生物和环境因素在语言习得过程中的作用。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For many linguists, biological factors are the most important in language learning. Some argue that some linguistic knowledge must exist in our brains from birth because children cannot possibly experience every feature of their language before the age of five.(对于许多语言学家来说，生物因素在语言学习中是最重要的。一些人认为，某些语言知识一定从出生起就存在于我们的大脑中，因为儿童在五岁之前不可能体验到他们语言的每一个特征)”可知，一些专家认为，先天因素可以解释儿童的语言发展。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For many linguists, biological factors are the most important in language learning.(对于许多语言学家来说，生物因素在语言学习中是最重要的)”和第三段中“Many researchers have theorized what this innate (先天的) linguistic knowledge must look like. One popular theory (理论) is universal grammar.(许多研究人员已经对这种先天的语言知识进行了理论化。一个流行的理论是普遍语法)”可知，第二段提出一个一般的论点，然后第三段解释一个具体的理论，故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第五段和第六段，特别是第五段中“Linguists on both sides of the debate are still working to explain the different language learning abilities of adults and children.(争论双方的语言学家仍在努力解释成人和儿童不同的语言学习能力。)”可推断，作者写第五段和第六段的目的是提出两种不同的语言学习观点。故选B。 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了爱尔兰和北爱尔兰的哲学教育情况，以及作者对哲学的看法。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“ It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence (For more, see YoungPlato.com).(它聚焦于贝尔法斯特Ardoyne住宅区一所小学的校长Kevin McArevey如何使用批判性思维技巧，让幼儿能够超越暴力的界限看待问题（更多信息，请参阅YoungPlato.com）)”可知，在YoungPlato.com能看到批判性思维如何帮助学生反思自己的暴力行为。故选A项。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段“Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now,  we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and  future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his  book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative.(爱尔兰传统上被称为圣徒和学者之地。在这一期的《当代哲学》中，我们将冷眼审视爱尔兰过去、现在和未来的哲学状况，重点关注托马斯·达迪在他的《爱尔兰思想史》一书中提出的观点，即这种探索必须兼具实用性和创造性)”可推知，爱尔兰的哲学演变将在本期的《当代哲学》中重点介绍。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段“This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humor, charm, and friendliness enriched my life.(本期特别献给我已故的朋友肖恩 · 莫兰 ，他是《今日哲学》的作者，也是我多年前在沃特福德遇到的一位现代爱尔兰哲学家，他的幽默、魅力和友好丰富了我的生活)”可推知，作者作者要引用叶芝的诗的目的是感激作者和肖恩之间的友谊。故选C项。 28．推理判断题。根据全文的描述，根据第一段“uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence(使用批判性思维技巧，让幼儿能够超越暴力的界限看待问题）以及第二段“such an exploration must be both practical and creative.(即这种探索必须既实用又具有创造性)”可推知，作者对哲学的看法是反思性的，他认为哲学应该是实际的、有创造性的，并且能够帮助人们超越自身的局限。故选B项。 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了关于17世纪荷兰画作的不同解读方式，包括19世纪批评家的现实主义解读，以及近期的象征主义解读，并对这两种解读方式进行了评价。 29．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, action, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic”（在十九世纪晚期，艺术评论家认为十七世纪的荷兰绘画是现实的直接反映。这些绘画被认为是民主政体社会的一个指标，这个社会选择了代表它的阶级、行为和职业，而广泛的现实主义被认为是荷兰艺术的伟大成就。然而，最近荷兰艺术研究的成就是恢复了这样一个事实，即这些绘画应被视为死亡的象征、世俗生活的复兴和上帝的力量，并被视为从温和的道德说教到坚定的说教的信息）和第二段“The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jongh is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch viewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pictures as purely symbolic.”（ 然而，德·琼等评论家的发现的主要困难在于，很难评估荷兰观众对这些画作的多重解读。德荣的追随者通常认为这些画纯粹是象征性的。）可知，文章主要是在描述和评价一种新的批评方法，即将17世纪荷兰画作看作是象征性的，而不仅仅是现实的反映。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that)”（并非每个马勒都是约束的象征，尽管许多确实是这样），可以推知，马勒作为一个象征意义的物体，并不总是被用作象征。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Modern Art historians may well find the discovery of parallels be-tween a painting and a specific emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can hardly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a laboriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characteristic in the seventeenth century.”（现代艺术历史学家很可能会发现一幅画和一个特定徽章之间的相似之处令人兴奋，他们可能会像17世纪的观众一样，寻找许多画作背后的双重性。但十七世纪的反应很难被简化到公式的水平。否则的说法意味着心理过程的艰辛，这很可能是17世纪荷兰艺术现代诠释的特征，但在很大程度上，这在17世纪并不是特征）可知，作者在此提出了对前一段讨论的批评方法的警告，即不能将17世纪的反应简化为公式化的水平，否则就会暗示一种可能更符合现代对17世纪荷兰艺术解读的繁琐的思维过程，但在17世纪大部分时间里并非如此。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jong h published an extraordinary array of material—especially from the emblem books and vernacular literature—that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pictures at surface value alone.”（在20世纪60年代中期，Eddy de Jongh发布了一系列非凡的材料——尤其是来自象征书和通俗文学——这些材料证实了仅从表面价值来看荷兰画作的不可靠性），可以推知，象征书中的材料挑战了19世纪批评家关于17世纪荷兰画作的假设。故选D。 33．C 34．B 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。 33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. (社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，that指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。A. Hate crimes on the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Growing political divisions日益严重的政治分歧；C. Considerable online bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The transformation of humans人类的转变。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据一段中“Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第二段中“The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial.   But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent years, aggression on social media have become commonplace.  More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者).  Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．D 【导语】本文是议论文，主要论述了一名治疗饮食功能失调症的专家通过分享他的工作经历，表达了自己对常见说法“如果疾病没有杀死你，它会使你更强大”的看法。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段“I’m always cautious of the tired saying（我总是对这句疲倦的话持谨慎态度）”可知，作者对这一说法持保留态度，A选项“总是适用的”，B选项“完全荒谬的”，C选项“部分正确的”，D选项的“十分让人误解的”，故选C。 38．词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词的下文“Eating disorders have the highest mortality of any mental illness,with one in five of those with an eating disorder dying from it，（饮食功能失调症是所有心理疾病中mortality最高的，五分之一患有饮食功能失调症的人会死于这种疾病，）”可推断划线词的意思应该是“死亡率”，故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s not so much that what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger; more, it might make you more understanding of yourself and more sensitive to the battles and struggles of others.（并不是说那些杀不死你的东西都会让你变得更强大；更重要的是，它可能会让你更加了解自己，对他人的斗争和挣扎更加敏感。）”中的it指代上文提到的“the experience”，这段经历能培养自我意识和同情心。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, after years of hard work, she stopped drinking, stopped using drugs and her eating disorder improved. She got back into work and started doing several courses to get promoted. Actually, she had gone through numerous intense and exhausting interviews before landing a job, but she said whenever she felt she couldn’t handle it or doubted her capabilities, she reminded herself that nothing would ever be worse or harder than what she had already gone through. She managed to make the most of her life and turn her life around.（然而，经过多年的努力，她戒酒、戒毒，饮食失调也得到改善。她重新回到工作岗位，开始学习几门课程以获取晋升。事实上，在找到工作之前，她经历了无数次紧张而疲惫的面试，但她说，每当她觉得自己无法应对或怀疑自己的能力时，她都会提醒自己，没有什么比她已经经历的更糟糕或更困难的了。通过。她成功地充分利用了自己的生活并扭转了自己的生活。）”可知，事例中女病人在与吸毒、酗酒、饮食失调等做斗争的过程中变得更有意志力、耐挫力，故选D。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$