Unit 5 Humans and Nature 单词知识点清单-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语北师大版(2019)必修第二册

Unit 5 Humans and Nature 【Topic Talk】 1. disaster n.灾难；灾祸 disastrous adj.灾难性的 natural disasters 自然灾难 a disastrous harvest 严重歉收 2. flood n.①洪水，水灾；②大量的事物 v.①淹没；②大量涌入；③[感觉/回忆]涌上心头 a flood of complaints大量的投诉 be flooded with 挤满；大量收到… in floods of tears 泪如雨下 She came downstairs in floods of tears. flood over sb（感觉）涌上心头[sweep over sb] flood back 涌现[sweep back/crowd in on sb] Memories of my time in Paris flooded back. 3. drought n.旱灾，干旱 dry adj.干燥的，干旱的 vt.使…变干 dry up （河流，湖泊）干涸 Her mouth felt as dry as a bone. 4. volcanic adj.火山的 volcano n.火山[volcanoes/volconos] 5. eruption n.爆发 erupt v.①爆发；②突然发生[=break out] volcanic eruptions 火山喷发 6. wildlife n.野生动植物[U] a wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地 7. comment n.评论；批评 vt.表达意见 make comments on/about sth 对某事作出评论 comment on/upon 评论… No comment. 无可奉告。 8. crowded adj.①拥挤的；②挤满的[packed] crowd v.①挤满；②涌上（心头）n.人群，群众 a room crowded with books 堆满书籍的房间 be crowded with 挤满… crowds of/a crowd of 成群的 the crowd 民众；老百姓 crowd into 大批涌入 crowd into one's mind 涌上某人的心头[crowd in on sb] 9. living adj.①活着的；②在使用的 n.生计，谋生 live adj.①活的；②现场直播的，现场演出的 v.①居住；②（以某种方式）生活 alive adj.①活着；②有活力[not before noun] lively adj.生气勃勃的[animated] living creatures 生物 make/earn a living 谋生 make sth come alive 让某物生动起来 live coverage of the World Cup 世界杯赛的实况转播 live on 继续活着，继续存在 live up to 符合，不辜负 live on/off sth 以吃…为主 live with sth 忍受，容忍 live through 经历（灾难）而幸存 10. ecology n.生态学 ecological adj.生态的，生态学的 ecologist n.生态学家 11. shock vt.使震惊 n.①震惊；②休克 shocked adj.震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 in shock 处于震惊中 sb be in a state of shock 某人震惊不已 be shocked at 对…感到震惊 be shocked that 震惊于 be shocked to see/hear/know… 看到/听到/知道…很震惊 a shoked look/expression 震惊的表情 12. lecture n.①讲座；②演讲 v.讲授，开讲座 lecture on/in sth 讲授 13. overuse vt.过度使用，滥用 overdo vt.把…做得过火，过度做 overlook vt.①忽视，忽略；②俯视 overcome vt.①克服；②受到…的极大影响 overwhelm vt.（感情或感觉）充溢 overweigh vt.重于 overtake vt.超过，赶上 14. million n.百万 millionaire n.百万富翁 billionaire n.亿万富翁 15. turn one's back on sb/sth 对…置之不理，对…撒手不管 turn off 使厌烦，使失去兴趣 turn sb away from sth 把某人拒之门外 turn down ①调低；②拒绝 turn up ①调大；②露面 turn in 上交 turn over 移交 turn to sb (for help) 向某人寻求帮助 16. title n.①题目，标题；②头衔，职称 vt.给…加标题，定题目[usually passive] 【Lesson 1】 1. wave v.①招手，挥手；②飘动，飘扬 n.①海浪；②(情绪的) 波动；③波 wave at/to sb 朝某人挥手 wave sb goodbye=wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别 a wave of panic/fear 一阵恐慌/恐惧 A wave of panic spread through the crowd. radio/sound waves 无线电波；声波 2. escape vi./vt.①逃跑；②被忘掉n.逃跑 escape (doing) sth 逃脱（做）某事 escape death 死里逃生 escape from the prison 越狱 have a narrow escape 死里逃生 His name escaped me. 3. survive v.①幸存；②生存；③比…活得长 survival n.幸存；幸存事物 survivor n.幸存者 survive on sth 依靠…生活 survive sb by +时间 比某人多活多久 survive the earthquake/a natural disaster 在地震/自然灾害中幸存 4. float vi.①漂，浮；②浮动，飘动 float in an ocean of sadness 漂浮在悲伤的海洋里 5. descent n.下降，下落 ascent n.上升，升高 6. poetry n.诗歌[U] poem n.诗[C] poet n.诗人 7. mystery n.神秘事物 mysterious adj.神秘的 8. frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的 fright n.惊吓 frighten v.使惊吓；使惊恐 frightening adj.可怕的；令人不安的 be frightened/scared of (doing) sth 害怕（做）某事 be frightened/scared that… 害怕… be frightened/scared to do sth 不敢做某事 be frightened to death 吓得要死 frighten/scare…away/off 把…吓走（或吓跑） 9. horrible adj.①可怕的；②令人恐惧的 horribly adv.可怕地 horror n.恐惧；震惊 horrify v.使厌恶 in horror 惊恐地 Her eyes were wide with horror. 她吓得目瞪口呆。 10. edge n.①边缘；②刀刃 the leading/cutting edge 领先地位；（尤指技术上的）前沿 leading-edge adj.尖端的 at the leading edge of scientific research 在科学研究的前沿 11. curious adj.好奇的 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇心 be curious about sth 对某物好奇 satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇心 with curiosity=curiously 好奇地 12. observation n.观察 observe v.①观察；②遵守；③庆祝 observer n.观察者；目击者 observe the law 遵守法律 observe the Spring Festival 庆祝春节 under observation 在观察中 observe sb doing/do sth 看到某人正在做/做某事 13. equal adj.①相等的；②平等的；③能胜任的 v.等于；比得上 equally adv.平等地；同样地 equality n.均等，相等 equal opportunities/rights 平等的机会/权利 be equal to ①与…相等；②能胜任 be equal in size/length/quality 尺寸/长度/质量相等 racial/social/sexual equality 种族/社会/男女平等 14. extent n.程度，限度 to some extent 在某种程度上=to a certain extent The book discusses the extent to which family life has changed over the past 50 years 15. tube n.①圆管，管子[pipe]；②地铁[underground/subway] 【Lesson 2】 1. rescue vt.营救，救援 n.①救援；②营救行动 come/go to one's rescue 营救某人 2. trap vt.困住；使落于险境 n.陷阱；圈套 trapped adj.受困的 be trapped in...　被困在…… trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事 set/lay a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套 fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套 3. attempt n.尝试，努力 vt.尝试，努力 attempted adj.未遂的 attempt to do sth =make an attempt to do =make an attemptat doing sth 试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 an attempted suicide/murder 自杀/谋杀未遂 4. interrupt vt.打断讲话 interruption n.打断 intervene vi.①出面，介入；②插嘴，打断 intervention n.干涉 interfere vi.干涉，介入 interference n.干涉，介入 5. death n.死亡 die v.死；消亡；渴望[dying][died—died] dying adj.垂死的；濒临消亡的 deadly adj.致死的 adv.极其(=extremely) dead adj.死的；死气沉沉的 adv.完全地(=completely) 6. loss n.①丧失，损失；②死亡 lose vt.丢失；输；失去 lost adj.迷路的；丢失的 loss of interest/confidence 失去兴趣/信心 at a loss 不知所措 be lost in thought 陷入沉思 lose onself in...=be lost in... 专心于… [=be absorbed in=be buried in=put one's heart into =focus one's attention on=concentrate one's attention on=apply oneself to] 7. damage n.伤害，损害 cause/do damage to　给……带来/造成损害 be badly damaged 遭受严重损害 damage one’s health 损害某人的健康 8. measure n.措施 v.衡量，测量 Link-v.（长度、尺寸）量度为 measurement n.测量的结果；测量 take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 a bridge measuring 5 meters 5米长的桥 make...to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做(衣服) 9. operation n.①操作；②手术 operate vt.①操作；②运营 vi.①运转；②做手术 operator n.操作人员，接线员 in operation 正在运作 operate on sb 给某人做手术 10. overseas adj.海外的 adv.在海外 The product is sold both at home and overseas. 11. site n.现场；建筑工地 on site 在现场 a building/construction site 建筑工地 12. process n.过程，进程vt.处理，加工 processed adj.已加工的 in the process of (doing) sth 在（做）某事的过程中 the ageing process 老化过程 a slow/painful process 漫长的/痛苦的过程 13. duty n.职责，义务；值班 on duty 值班 14. suffering n.疼痛，苦难[U] suffer v.受苦；遭受 sufferer n.受难者 sufferings n.痛苦，苦恼[pl.] suffer from a headache/mental illness 患有头疼/精神疾病 suffer pain/defeat/hardship/loss/setback 遭受痛苦/失败/苦难/损失/挫折 15. conduct vt.①实施，进行；②指挥；③举止 n.行为[U] conductor n.指挥官，售票员 conduct a choir 指挥合唱团 conduct/perform/carry out a survey 进行调查 conduct oneself 举止得体 a strict code of conduct 严格的行为规范 16. protection n.保护，防护 protect vt.保护 protected adj.受到保护的 protective adj.防护的[only before noun] 17. breathe vi./vt.呼吸 breath n.呼入的空气[U]；一次吸入的空气[C] breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的 take one's breath away 令人惊叹 out of breath 上气不接下气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深深吸一口气 breathe in/out 呼入/出 18. dust n.灰尘 dusty adj.布满灰尘的 19. run out 用完；耗尽[物作主语] run out of 用完[人作主语] 用完某物 sth runs out=sth be used up=sth gives out 【Lesson 3】 1. explorer n.探险家 explore vt.探索；探究 exploration n.探索；探究 2. preparation n.①预备，准备[U]；②准备工作[C,usually pl.] prepare v.使做好准备，使有准备 prepared adj.准备好的[not before noun] in preparation for sth 为某事做准备 make preparations for sth 为某事做准备 prepare for... 为…做准备 prepare the ground for sth 为某事准备条件 prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物 prepare sb for sth 让某人为某事做好准备 3. base n.基地；根据 v.以…为据点 a military base 军事基地 base A on/upon B=A be based on/upon B A以B为基础 basis n.①基础；②准则，方式；③原由[复bases] on the basis of sth 基于，根据 on a regular//permanent/temporary basis 以定期/永久/临时性的方式 basic adj.①基本的；②初级的 basics n.基本生活用品；基本要点 4. anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地 anxious adj.①焦虑；②渴望 anxiety n.焦虑 an anxious look/expression 忧虑的目光/表情 be anxious about sth担心某事 be anxious for sb 担心某人 be anxious for sth 渴望某事 be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 5. break down①出故障；②身体垮掉；③分解；④情不自禁哭起来； ⑤破坏，消除（某种感情或态度） break up 结束（关系等） break in ①打断；②强行而入，破门而入[vi.] break out ①突然开始；爆发 break through 作出新的重大发现[vi.] break into ①强行闯入；②突然开始（笑、唱等）；③突然开始（跑）[break into a run] 6. ambition n.①追求的目标，夙愿[C]；②雄心，抱负[U] ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的 achieve/realize/fulfill one's ambition 实现某人的抱负 motivated by personal ambition 为个人野心所驱使 have an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 有做某事的理想/夙愿 7. cheerful adj.高兴的；令人愉快的 cheerfully adv.高兴地；愉快地 cheer n.欢呼声；喝彩声 v.欢呼；加油；鼓舞 cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来 cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer for 为…而欢呼 8. prove v.①证明，证实[vt.]；②证明是，结果是[Link-Verb][proved—proved/proven] proven adj.经过验证或证实的 proof n.证明，证据 adj.防…的 prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 rainproof/windproof clothing 防雨/防风服装 ①The design proved to be a success. ②We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true. 9. distant adj.①久远的，遥远的；②远房的；③冷淡的，疏远的[remote] distance n.距离 v.疏远 in the distance 在远方；在远处 at a distance (of +距离) 从远处 keep sb at a distance 与某人保持距离 distance oneself from sb/sth 疏远某人/某物 10. honesty n.坦诚；诚实 honest adj.诚实的；坦率的 honestly adv.诚实地 to be honest 老实说=honestly (speaking) be honest with sb 对某人坦诚 be honest about sth对某事没有隐瞒 11. sincerity n.真诚；真挚 sincere adj.真诚的；衷心的 sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地 12. bravery n.勇气，勇敢之举[U] brave adj.勇敢的；需要勇气的 vt.勇敢面对 bravely adv.勇敢地 courage n.勇气，勇敢[U] courageous adj.勇敢的，无畏的 【Writing Workshop】 1. shelter n.①避难所[C]；②居所[U]；③遮蔽，庇护[U] vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 shelter...from... 保护…免于… take shelter from sth 躲避某物 under the shelter of sth 在某物的庇护下 2. observe vt.①观察到；②遵守；③庆祝 observation n.观察 observer n.观察者 observe the law 遵守法律 observe the Spring Festival 庆祝春节 under observation 在观察中 observe sb doing/do sth 看到某人正在做/做某事 【Reading Club 1】 1. varied adj.①各种各样的；②变化的，多变的 vary vi.①不同[=differ]；②变化 variety n.多样性；变化 various adj.各种各样的 variation n.变化，变体 vary in quality/size/price 在质量/尺寸/价格方面有所不同 vary with 随…而变化 vary from person to person 因人而已 2. scary adj.吓人的，恐怖的 scare vt.吓唬 n.恐慌，恐惧 scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的 scare sb/sth away 把…吓跑 be scared of (doing) sth 害怕（做）某事 be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 be scared that 害怕… be scared to death 吓得要死 3. harmless adj.无害的 harm n./vt.伤害，损害 harmful adj.有害的 do sb harm=do harm to sb 对某人有害 be harmful to sb/sth 对某人/某物有害 mean no harm (to sb) （对某人）没有恶意 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害处 【Reading Club 2】 1. originality n.独创性，创造力 originate v.起源于，发端于 originally adv.原先，最初 origin n.起源 original adj.①最初的；②原作的；③有独创性的 n.原作，原件 2. disappearance n.消亡，消失 disappear v.①消失，不见；②灭绝，消亡 appearance n.①外貌，外观；②出现，首次使用 appear vi.出现 Link-Verb似乎，看来[seem] appear to do sth 似乎… It appears that... 看来… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$