2.4 高中英语常用语法——名词性从句-【艺体生】2024年新高考文化课学案点金英语

2.4高中英语常用语法一名词性从句 一、基本知识与基本概念 什么是名词性从句？ 请看下表： 根据从句在句子中的功能分 根据从句的性质分 定语从句 形容词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句 表语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 副词性从句 连接词hat,if,whether 引导名词性 连接代词who,whom,what,whose,which,whichever,whatever,whoever 从句的连接词 连接副词when,where,how,however,why,wh-ever 1.主语从句 主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，有时出于句子结构的考虑也退 到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语t代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。 连接词：that(不可省略)，whether(不能用if),wh-疑问词 e.g.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Whether the new novel will be well received remains to be seen. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. 2.宾语从句 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语、形容 词的宾语、宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。 连接词：hat(可省略)，whether(能用if,但后面有or not则必须用whether),wh-疑问词 e.g.We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. That will depend on whether they can get the chance or not I am not sure at the moment if I will have the time. He told the police in detail what he had seen and heard. 3.表语从句 表语从句应该出现在系动词的后面。 连接词：that(最好不要省略)，whether(不用f),asif,wh-疑问词 e.g.The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we should go skating. ·150. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句主要出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。有点像定语从句。这个点 是许多学生容易混淆的地方。但是，只要我们能把握住关键，即：1.从意义上来说，定语从句是 对先行词进行修饰，描述先行词是什么样子：而同位语从句是解释一个名词的具体内容，也就是 被解释的名词必须是有内涵的名词，如“fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief, thought,doubt”等。2.从语法上来说，定语从句的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分，也就是说，定 语从句必须缺少成分。而同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是不作成分的。 试比较：The news that he told them was very surprising.(定语从句) He told them the news that the popular team had lost the game.(同位语从句) 连接词：that(不能省路)，whether(不能用if),wh-疑问词 e.g.People ignored the fact that the policeman didn't fire at the man at all. Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom? The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited. 二、考点分类解析 考点一：语序问题 名词性从句的语序问题：陈述句语序。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。 e.g.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear? I don't know what is wrong with him. 对比： Who he is doesn't matter.(IE) Who is he doesn't matter.（误） I don't know what his name is.(IE) I don't know what is his name.( 考点二：that和what的区别问题 what在从句中作成分，如主语、宾语或表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没 有什么意义。 e.g.What you did is different from what you promised..(此时what在从句中作宾语。) We don't know what is wrong with him.(此时what在从句中作主语。) I think that your composition is no better than his..（此时that连接一个宾语从句。) That you failed the exam is not my business.（此时that连接一个主语从句。) 考点三：that和whether的区别问题 它们之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而 whether虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它有意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从 句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。 e.g.I don't know whether he can join us or not. I'm sure that he can join us. 考点四：if和whether的区别问题 二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意，但并不是永远可以互换。如从句后有oot,则只 可用whether连接。一般认为，二者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。 ·151· e.g.He didn't give us explicit reply whether/if he would attend our wedding ceremony. (注意：在介词的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及和不定式搭配的结构中等， 习惯上只能用whether。)】 考点五：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题 二者都有“无论.”之意，但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 wh-ever则二者兼收。因此二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定是wh-ever。 e.g.Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(主语从句) Whoever/No matter who breaks the rules,he/she will be punished.(状语从句) Don't believe whatever he tells you.(宾语从句) Don't believe him,whatever/no matter what he tells you.(状语从句) 考点六：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题 先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般说来，如果从句作的是表示要求、坚持、命令等语气的动词 的宾语时，从句中要求用should+动词原形的虚拟语气(should经常可以省略)。这些动词常见 的有：desire,demand,require,request,order,propose,command,advise,suggest,insist等。 e.g.He insisted that she (should)spend more time studying. He demanded that we (should)be on time. The boss required that all waiters (should)keep standing all day long. The school suggested that all the students (should)stay at home. 其中有两个特例，那就是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要根据 词语本身意思决定。 e.g.The doctor suggested that I had a cold. (这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”，后面不用虚拟语气。) The doctor suggested that I (should)stay in bed for a few days. (这个suggest的意思是“建议”，后面用虚拟语气。) The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army. (这个insist坚持的是一个事实而不是一种观点，后面不用虚拟语气。) That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front. (这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”，后面用虚拟语气。)》 另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。 (1)It is important/necessary/natural/,essential(必要的)/suggested that..（should)do.. e.g.It is important that you should)be on time. (2)I wish that...did... e.g.I wish I were a bird. (3)I'd rather that...did... e.g.I'd rather you did it yourself. 考点七：t在名词性从句中的作用问题 t在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。 作形式主语： e.g.It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date. It wasn't clear to anyone why he didn't come. ·152· 作形式宾语： e.g.I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. I think it important that we should keep calm. Don't take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you. 考点八：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题 从表面上看，t作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。 e.g.It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us..(主语从句) It is with Tom's help that we can solve the problem.(强调句型) 其实，强调句型很简单，即“Itis/was+要强调的部分+that+句子其他部分”。 注意： 判断一个句子是否是强调句的步骤：去掉Itis/was及hat,调整语序后，看句子是否还成立。 e.g.It is a good idea that we climb the mountain. It was a good idea that he put forward. 第一句中，去掉Itis及that后，句子为：A good idea we climb the mountain.语序不论如何调 换，句子皆不成立，即此句不是强调句型。 第二句中，去掉It was及that后，句子为：He put forward a good idea.此句成立，即为强调句。 名词性从句专项练习 一、用whether,how,that,what填空。 1.The teacher told us the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2.He was surprised at I said. 3.It is probable he has told her everything. 4.Do you all know the truth Columbus discovered America in 1492? 5.It happened Alice was out the other day. 6.They wanted to know they could get there on time. 7.Are you sure he will succeed in the end? 8. they do it or not matters much to us. 9.The teacher came in and asked was the matter with us. 10.Now we have learnt heat is. 11. he does has nothing to do with me. 12.The question came up at the meeting. _we had enough money for our research. 13. all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded. 14. _you don't like him is none of my business. 15.Energy is makes thing work. 16.There is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match. 17.Is he said really true? 18. the meeting should last two days or three days doesn't matter. 19. caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 20. he can't adapt to the university life makes his parents concerned. ·153· 21.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. 22.Chinese people are hopeful for 2016 will bring for their families and the country. 23.Tom's worry is he won't be chosen for the school football team. 24.With piles of work at hand,Jane doubts she can pass the coming driving test. 25 the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious illness soon. 26.Father made a promise if I passed the exam,he would buy me a PS4. 27.Spending a few hours learning about the history and culture of the destination will help tourists understand they're seeing. 28 worries me is we're going to pay for all this. 29.He just does he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. 30.It used to be thought the Earth was flat. 31.He pointed to looked like a tree. 32.His income is double it was five years ago. 33.I know nothing about the accident except I read in the paper. 34.-“I think he needs is more practice." -“Yes, he needs more practice is quite clear. 35.-“The problem is we are short of money.” -“Yes, we can borrow some money from her is still a question. 二、真题演练 1.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）]By the age of23,she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge herself and push the limits of she believed was possible for a female traveler. 2.[2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）]Cobb,for her party,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely;about three-quarters of the time,they agreed.When the answer,was no,she,declined the invitation. 3.(武汉市2022届高中毕业生二月调研考试)You can imagine delicious the noodle can be. 4.(2021·全国I卷) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 5.(2019·全国I卷)While they are rare north of88°，there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 6.(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem we can win the battle;it's just a matter of time. 7.(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said. ·154. 8.(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 9.(20l9·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body. 10.(2018·北京卷)Without his support,we wouldn'tbe we are now. 11.(2018·北京卷)This is my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 12.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 13.(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived. 14.(2017·天津卷)She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn't. l5.(20l7·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree--lined street,not knowing she was heading. 三、翻译句子。 1.我不同意你在会议上所说的话。 2.他是一个有钱人的事实整个城镇都知道。 3.我同桌问我是否能借他一支笔。 4.玛丽问约翰他那时正在干什么。 5.问题是我们缺乏资金。 6.他没有来的原因是他病了。 7.最后离开的人要关灯。 8.我是否应该接受这个礼物不关你的事。 9.我不明白的是，为什么他要改变想法。 10.我非常爱我的母校，在那里我学到了很多东西。 11.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 ·155. 12.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。 13.很显然，学生们应该为即将到来的考试做好准备。 14.他们表达了将会再次拜访中国的愿望。 15.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 ·156·2.4高中英语常用语法 名词性从句 三、翻译句子 重正文P153 1.I don't agree with what you said at the meeting. 一、用whether,how,that,what填空 2.The fact that he is rich is known by the whole 1.that 2.what town. 3.that 4.that 3.My deskmate asked whether I could lend him a 5.that 6.how pen. 7.that 8.Whether 4.Mary asked John what he was doing at that time. 9.what 10.what 5.The problem is that we lack money. 11.What 12.whether 6.The reason that he didn't come is that he was 13.What;that 14.That sick. 15.what 16.that 7.Whoever is the last one to leave the room should 17.what 18.Whether turn off the lights. 19.What 20.That 21.what 22.what 8.Whether I should accept this gift is none of your 23.that 24.whether business. 25.What;whether 26.that 9.What I don't understand is why he changed his 27.what 28.What;that mind. 29.what 30.that 10.I love my mother school very much,where I 31.what 32.what learned quite a lot. 33.what 34.what;that 11.It is an interesting question whether there is 35.that;whether life on the Moon. 二、真题演练 12.Where the English evening will be held has 1.what 2.whether/if not been decided yet. 3.how 4.What 13.It is obvious that the students should be 5.that 6.whether prepared for the upcoming exam. 7.what 8.what 14.They have expressed their hope that they will 9.that 10.what/where visit China again. 11.what 12.whoever 15.It all depends on whether we have enough money. 13.how 14.whether 15.where 2.5 高中英语常用语法 非谓语动词 7.running 8.talking 香正文P163 9.coming 一、单句填空，用所给词汇的适当形式填空 10.improving(to be improved) 1.to expand 2.to hold 11.(1)smoking (2)to smoke 3.raised 4.being built 12.(1)Work (2)Working 5.Having been discussed 6.repairing 13.(1)to post (2)posting ·243