专题04 击破名词专项语法训练(知识网络+考点考法+考点练透)-备战2025年高考英语语法填空专项训练

2024-07-23
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专题04 击破名词语法专项训练 击破目录 第一部分 名词基础知识网络 1 一.近年高考英语题中出现的名词考点统计表 1 二.名词的基本知识 2 (一)名词的定义 2 (二)名词的分类 2 (三)名词由单数变复数 3 (四)名词的思路点拨 11 (五)名词的考点归纳 12 第二部分 名词的考点考法 13 一.名词的复数形式 13 二.名词的所有格 13 三.其它词性转化为名词 13 第三部分 形容词副词考点练透 14 一.高考真题35题 14 二.高考模拟试题22题 19 第一部分 形容词副词基础知识网络 一.近年高考英语题中出现的名词考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 2024年 新高考I卷 The latest 56 (engineer) techniques (答案为engineering) These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) (答案为favorites) It can define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening.(答案为richness) 3 新高考II卷 there are common ___57__ (theme)(答案为themes) They have increased Stratford’s international __62__ (visible)(答案为visibility) 2 全国甲卷 They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)(答案为treasures) at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey(答案为completion) 2 全国乙卷 0 北京卷 develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware).(答案为self-awareness) establish clear ___14___ (boundary)(答案为boundaries) 2 浙江1月卷 because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste(答案为criticism) 1 2023年 新高考I卷 / 0 新高考II卷 before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas(答案为arrival) They need to give          (interview) in English(答案为interviews) 2 全国甲卷 It is a more weighty __________ (warn) about destruction(答案为warning) 1 全国乙卷 with architectural          (wonder) standing(答案为wonders) 1 北京卷 / 0 浙江卷 some are even associated with historic          (event).(答案为events) 1 2022年 新高考I卷 between separate ________ (population) and homes  (答案为populations) 1 新高考II卷 He saved my _________ (son) life(答案为son’s) 1 全国甲卷 )in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). (答案为protection) 1 全国乙卷 China has a _______ (responsible) to work with other countries (答案为responsibility) 1 北京卷 / 0 浙江1月卷 When the answer, was no, she, declined the _______(invite).(答案为invitation) 1 二.名词的基本知识 (一)定义: 名词是什么?词类的一种,属于实词。它表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。 (二)分类: 专有名词:是个别的人、 地、 物、 团体、 机构等的专用名称 普通名词:是许多人或事物的共有名称。 1.专有名词: ①专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。Eg:Beijing, Tom, the People's Republic of China ②专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语, 则必须使用定冠词 the。 Eg: the Great Wall, the earth, the moon ③姓氏名如果采用复数形式, 则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。Eg: the Greens, the Browns, the Blacks 2.普通名词: 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。Eg: pupil, family, man, foot 可数名词:可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,即可以数得清 不可数名词:不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词即数不清 可数名词单数:= 1 Eg: boy, girl, dog 复数:≧ 2 Eg: boys, girls, dogs (三)名词由单数变复数: 1.可数名词的复数 (1)规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doctors,tables 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches,但stomach和month复数形式直接加s,即stomachs和months 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies, stories 以元音字母+y结尾 加-s boys,toys monkeys 以f或fe结尾 多变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives 少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以o结尾 元音字母+o通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 辅音字母+o通常加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 注意:①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es:“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”,即Negroes,heroes, potatoes,tomatoes。 ②以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves:“为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半”,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。 巧记 以-f或-fe结尾的名词 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 九个以-f(e)结尾的名词。wife(妻子)、knife(刀子)、wolf(狼)、thief(小偷)、shelf(架子)、self(自己)、 life(生命)、half(一半)、leaf(树叶) 这些名词以-f(e)结尾变复数时,将-f(e)变v再加es。还有以-self结尾的反身代词复数用法也同样,如: myself-ourselves. yourself-yourselves. serf(农奴)、chief(首领)、belief(信仰)、safe(保险柜)、gulf(海湾), proof(证据), roof(屋顶), cliff(悬崖) 直接加-s变为复数形式。 另外 handkerchief(手帕;头巾)可用两种复数形式。handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves. (2)不规则变化 自身变化 的名词 child孩子→children, woman→women妇女, man男人→men,tooth牙→teeth, foot脚→feet;英尺→ feet,mouse老鼠→mice,phenomenon现象→phenomena,medium传播媒介→media,policewoman→policewomen 女警察 ox牛→oxen, goose鹅→geese analysis分析→analyses basis基础;根据→bases crisis危机→crises criterion→criteria标准 bacterium→bacteria细菌 单复数同 形名词 Chinese中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;species物种 spacecrafts宇宙飞船;航天器;crossroads十字路口; aircrafts飞行器; headquarters总部;总公司;总办事处;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits 合成名词 son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿,passer-by→passers-by过路人, story-teller→story-tellers讲故事的人 father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父/公公 comrade-in-arms→comrades-in-arms战友 editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief主编 由-man(或-woman)构成的派生名词,应把-man(或-woman)变成复数形式-men(或-women) ;但若是由man(或woman)作前置定语,则常把定语和被修饰词都变成复数,即“men(或women) +复数名词”。例如: firewoman→firewomen女消防员 man doctor→men doctors男医生 woman teacher→women teachers 女教师 Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了,但是没有起作用的。 2.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词) (1)只用作不可数名词的名词:advice,furniture,fun, information,news,weather,progress,wealth等。不可数名词一般没有复数形式, 说明其数量时, 要用有关计量名词。 Eg: a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 各种物质的统称: bread面包              beer啤酒 cloth布                coffee咖啡 cream奶油         dust尘土 gin杜松子酒         glass玻璃 gold黄金            ice冰 jam果酱        oil油 paper纸               sand沙 soap肥皂              stone石头 tea茶          water水 wine葡萄酒          wood木头 抽象名词: advice忠告/主意    beauty美丽,漂亮 courage勇气   death死亡 experience经验        fear担心 help帮助        hope希望 horror恐惧   information消息/信息 knowledge知识  mercy仁慈 pity同情        relief救济 suspicion猜疑   work工作 在英文中下例名词也是不可数名词: baggage行李       camping露营 damage损害     furniture家具 luggage 行李    parking停车 shopping购物        weather气候 这些名词和hair(头发)、information(信息)、knowledge(知识)、news(新闻)、rubbish(垃圾)等在其他语言中有时是可数名词。 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能和a/an一起连用: I don’t want(any) advice or help. I want(some)information. 我不需要任何忠告或帮助。我想得到一些信息。 He has had no experience in this sort of work. 他干这种活没经验。 这些名词前往往加some(一些),any(任何),no(没有),a lit-tle(少许)等词,或加名词bit(一点儿),piece(片),slice(一部分)等+of结构: a bit of news一件消息 a cake of soap一块肥皂 a drop of oil一滴油 a grain of sand一粒沙子 a pane of glass一块玻璃 a piece of advice一条忠告 a pot of jam一罐果酱 a sheet of paper一页纸 以上几组词中的大部分在特殊情况下可用为可数名词,可在单数前加a/an,也可变为复数形式: 例如,hair指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair(一根头发),two hairs(两根头发等): Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out. 她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。 可以说喝beer(啤酒),coffee(咖啡),gin(杜松子酒),但要酒水的时候说a(cup of)coffer(一杯啤酒),a gin(一杯杜松子酒),two gins(两杯杜松子酒)等。 可以说喝wine(葡萄酒),但必须说enjoy a good wine(品尝一种好酒),喝酒时用a glass或glasses(玻璃杯),也可以walk ina wood/woods(在小树林里散步)。 experience指某人的经历时是可数名词: He had an exciting experience/some exciting experiences(=adventure/s)last week. 上星期他有一次/一些激动人心的经历。 work指职业/就业/工作时是不可数名词: He is looking for work/for a job. 他在求职/找一份工作。 works(只有复数形式)可意为“工厂”或“机器的运转部分”。 works(通常用复数形式)指文学或音乐作品: Shakespeare’s complete works莎士比亚全集 一些抽象名词具有特殊意义时可带a/an: 这些词有: a help: My children are a great help to me. 孩子们是我的得力帮手。 A good map would be a help. 一张好地图可能会有用处。 a relief: It was a relief to sit down. 坐下来感到松了口气。 a knowledge+of: He had a good knowledge of mathematics. 他深谙数学。 a dislike(讨厌)/dread(害怕)/hatred(仇恨)/horror(害怕)/love(热爱)+of结构也可这样使用: a love of music对音乐的爱好 a hatred of violence对暴力的憎恨 a mercy(仁慈)/pity(怜悯)/shame(耻辱)/wonder(惊奇)可以和it引导的that从句一起使用: It’s a pity you weren’t here. 你当时不在场太遗憾了。 It’s a shame he wasn’t paid. 他没拿到酬劳真丢人。 it+be+a pity/shame+动词不定式结构也是可能的: It would be a pity to cut down these trees. 如果把这些树砍掉,那太可惜了。 a fear/fears(忧虑),a hope/hopes(希望),a suspicion/suspicions(猜疑) 这类词可与由there引导的that从句连用: There is a fear/There are fears that he has been murdered. 恐怕他已经被谋杀了。 也可以用have a suspicion that…结构。 一件事可以arouse a fear/fears,a hope/hopes,a suspicion/suspicions等,意思是引起恐惧/希望/怀疑等。 (2)抽象名词具体化:抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 【解析】作主语要用名词,或者说冠词后应当用名词,change除作动词外也可作名词,所以词性不必变化;由紧接着的are可知,要用复数形式, 故填changes。 三.名词的思路点拨: 我们知道,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。如果括号中所给词是名词,又是在句中作主语或宾语时,就无需作词类转换,应考虑是否需要用复数形式;如果用于修饰名词时,则应考虑名词所有格。 判断是否需要复数形式的4条依据: 1. 依据修饰语。由前面的many, several, few, some, all, both, one of等可知用复数形式。 2. 依据主谓一致。由谓语动词为复数推知主语也应是复数。 3. 依据并列成分。 4. 依据生活常识。 5. 依据列举的例子。 四.名词的考点归纳: 关于名词,从近几年的高考题来看,在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式和名词的所有格。 1. 名词的复数形式 英语中的名词,只要大于一,就要用复数形式,如“一个半小时”要说one and a half hours (=an hour and a half)。可数名词由单数变复数一般是在词尾加s,但还有以下几点需要牢记: (1) 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的,加-es。如:bus—buses, fox—foxes, brush—brushes, approach—approaches等。例外:stomach—stomachs。 (2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。如:story—stories, baby—babies, activity—activities, agency—agencies等。 (3) 以-f(e)结尾的常用词,变f(e)为v, 再加-es。 如:half—halves, life—lives, thief—thieves, knife—knives,self—selves, leaf—leaves, loaf—loaves, wolf—wolves等。此外,一般直接加s。如:chief—chiefs, roof—roofs, proof—proofs, belief—beliefs, safe—safes(保险柜)等。 (4) 以-o结尾的有生命的名词,加-es。如:hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes等。 此外, 一般直接加-s。 如:radio—radios, zoo—zoos, photo—photos, piano—pianos等。 (5) 不规则变化的有:man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen等。 (6) 单复数同形的有:deer, fish, sheep, aircraft, spacecraft, means等。 2. 名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所有关系,即“某某的”,主要有以下几种情况: (1) 不以-s结尾的名词(单数或复数),加-’s。如:Jack’s e-mail杰克的电子邮件,children’s books儿童图书,today’s new今天的新闻。 (2) 以-s结尾的复数名词,加-’。如:the girls’ dormitory女生宿舍, the teachers’ reading-room教 师阅览室,five minutes’ walk走路五分钟的路程。 (3) 以-s结尾的单数名词,加-’s或-’。如:our boss’s (boss’) car我们老板的小汽车,Engels’s (Engels’) works 恩格斯的著作。 (4) 双重所有格 名词+of+名词+’s:this watch of my father’s 我父亲的这块手表 名词+of+名词性物主代词:some students of mine 我的一些学生 第三部分 名词的考点考法 一、名词的复数形式 These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) (答案为favorites) there are common ___57__ (theme)(答案为themes) They need to give          (interview) in English(答案为interviews) 二、名词的所有格 He saved my _________ (son) life(答案为son’s) 3、 其它词性转化为名词 It can define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening. (答案为richness) The latest 56 (engineer) techniques (答案为engineering) They have increased Stratford’s international __62__ (visible) (答案为visibility) before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas (答案为arrival) It is a more weighty __________ (warn) about destruction (答案为warning) 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一.近年高考真题35题 1.【2024新课标I卷】The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 2.【2024新课标I卷】These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 3.【2024新课标I卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which/that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 4.【2024新课标II卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 5.【2024新课标II卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 6.【2024全国甲卷】 They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 7.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 8.【2024年北京卷】Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 9.【2024年北京卷】To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 10.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. 11.(2023新课标II卷)Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 12.(2023新课标II卷)They also need to be ready to give          (interview) in English with international journalists. 13.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 14.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural           (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 15.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic          (event). 16.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population) and homes of giant pandas,  17.(2022新课标II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 18.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).  19.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.  20.(2022浙江1月卷)When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 21.(2021新课标II卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.  22.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 23.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 24.(2021新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are.  25.(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 26.(2021全国乙卷)___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 27.(2021北京卷)Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 28.(2021浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 29.(2020新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.  30.(2020新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists 31.(2020新课标III卷)Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 32.(2020新课标卷)Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 33.(2020年北京卷)Now, lots of ______________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 34.(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the __________ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 35.(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 二.高考模拟题22题 1.【2024·广东高三·二模】 The colorful lion and dragon figures controlled by skilled 4 (perform) catch the attention and admiration of the viewers. 2.【23-24广东部分名校·二模】Cycling in Greece is growing in 13 (popular), best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. 3.【2024·广东肇庆·二模】Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started working out after their 24 (retire). 4.【2024·广东肇庆·二模】The 25 (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood. 5.【2024·广东佛山·二模】It provides a reference for the protection of cultural relics, and suggests 35 (measure) for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change. 6.【2024·广东佛山·二模】Questions like how to balance humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites are worth 39 (consider),” says Qin. 7.【2024·广东广州·二模】Dating back to over 2000 years ago, tea has risen above differences in diets and cultures and enjoyed worldwide 41 (popular) with its unique fragrance. 8.【2024·广东部分学校·模拟预测】Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling 68 (character) to be easily identified. 9.【2024·广东湛江·二模】Architectural 72 (engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure. 10.【2024·广东佛山·二模】Among the various 81 (style), the horse face skirt has emerged as the most popular item. 11.【2024·广东佛山·二模】 Actually, the skirt has become a very popular 88 (choose) for gifts. 12.【2024·广东梅州·二模】The Guangdong Lion Dance, a 98 (combine) of martial arts, dance and music, is popular not only in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, but also among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries, making it a cultural bridge for overseas Chinese keeping in touch with their national roots. 13.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】She made many creative and bold 60 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes. 14.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】One reason for popcorn's increasing 57 (popular)was its mobility:in 1885, the first steam-powered popcorn maker hit the streets, invented by Charles Cretor. 15.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers attending outdoor sporting events, or circuses and 60 (fair). 16.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Similarly, for beginner runners, it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals-tiredness, 62______ (ache), bursts of energy than to track your pace or heart rate. 17.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread ___37____(inconsistent) in the use of drug names. 18.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought ___44___(pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures. 19.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the ___43___ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. 20.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ancient Chinese ___44___ (philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture. 21.【2024届南通暨苏北七市(扬泰徐淮连宿)高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Chinese knots are created in a ____60____ (various) of colors such as gold, green, blue, or black, though the most commonly used color is red, which symbolizes good luck and prosperity. 22.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】Made from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable ____59____(pursue) for scholars. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 击破名词语法专项训练 击破目录 第一部分 名词基础知识网络 1 一.近年高考英语题中出现的名词考点统计表 1 二.名词的基本知识 2 (一)名词的定义 2 (二)名词的分类 2 (三)名词由单数变复数 3 (四)名词的思路点拨 11 (五)名词的考点归纳 12 第二部分 名词的考点考法 13 一.名词的复数形式 13 二.名词的所有格 13 三.其它词性转化为名词 13 第三部分 形容词副词考点练透 14 一.高考真题35题 14 二.高考模拟试题22题 24 第一部分 形容词副词基础知识网络 一.近年高考英语题中出现的名词考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 2024年 新高考I卷 The latest 56 (engineer) techniques (答案为engineering) These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) (答案为favorites) It can define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening.(答案为richness) 3 新高考II卷 there are common ___57__ (theme)(答案为themes) They have increased Stratford’s international __62__ (visible)(答案为visibility) 2 全国甲卷 They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)(答案为treasures) at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey(答案为completion) 2 全国乙卷 0 北京卷 develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware).(答案为self-awareness) establish clear ___14___ (boundary)(答案为boundaries) 2 浙江1月卷 because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste(答案为criticism) 1 2023年 新高考I卷 / 0 新高考II卷 before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas(答案为arrival) They need to give          (interview) in English(答案为interviews) 2 全国甲卷 It is a more weighty __________ (warn) about destruction(答案为warning) 1 全国乙卷 with architectural          (wonder) standing(答案为wonders) 1 北京卷 / 0 浙江卷 some are even associated with historic          (event).(答案为events) 1 2022年 新高考I卷 between separate ________ (population) and homes  (答案为populations) 1 新高考II卷 He saved my _________ (son) life(答案为son’s) 1 全国甲卷 )in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). (答案为protection) 1 全国乙卷 China has a _______ (responsible) to work with other countries (答案为responsibility) 1 北京卷 / 0 浙江1月卷 When the answer, was no, she, declined the _______(invite).(答案为invitation) 1 二.名词的基本知识 (一)定义: 名词是什么?词类的一种,属于实词。它表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。 (二)分类: 专有名词:是个别的人、 地、 物、 团体、 机构等的专用名称 普通名词:是许多人或事物的共有名称。 1.专有名词: ①专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。Eg:Beijing, Tom, the People's Republic of China ②专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语, 则必须使用定冠词 the。 Eg: the Great Wall, the earth, the moon ③姓氏名如果采用复数形式, 则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。Eg: the Greens, the Browns, the Blacks 2.普通名词: 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。Eg: pupil, family, man, foot 可数名词:可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,即可以数得清 不可数名词:不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词即数不清 可数名词单数:= 1 Eg: boy, girl, dog 复数:≧ 2 Eg: boys, girls, dogs (三)名词由单数变复数: 1.可数名词的复数 (1)规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doctors,tables 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches,但stomach和month复数形式直接加s,即stomachs和months 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies, stories 以元音字母+y结尾 加-s boys,toys monkeys 以f或fe结尾 多变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives 少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以o结尾 元音字母+o通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 辅音字母+o通常加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 注意:①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es:“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”,即Negroes,heroes, potatoes,tomatoes。 ②以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves:“为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半”,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。 巧记 以-f或-fe结尾的名词 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 九个以-f(e)结尾的名词。wife(妻子)、knife(刀子)、wolf(狼)、thief(小偷)、shelf(架子)、self(自己)、 life(生命)、half(一半)、leaf(树叶) 这些名词以-f(e)结尾变复数时,将-f(e)变v再加es。还有以-self结尾的反身代词复数用法也同样,如: myself-ourselves. yourself-yourselves. serf(农奴)、chief(首领)、belief(信仰)、safe(保险柜)、gulf(海湾), proof(证据), roof(屋顶), cliff(悬崖) 直接加-s变为复数形式。 另外 handkerchief(手帕;头巾)可用两种复数形式。handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves. (2)不规则变化 自身变化 的名词 child孩子→children, woman→women妇女, man男人→men,tooth牙→teeth, foot脚→feet;英尺→ feet,mouse老鼠→mice,phenomenon现象→phenomena,medium传播媒介→media,policewoman→policewomen 女警察 ox牛→oxen, goose鹅→geese analysis分析→analyses basis基础;根据→bases crisis危机→crises criterion→criteria标准 bacterium→bacteria细菌 单复数同 形名词 Chinese中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;species物种 spacecrafts宇宙飞船;航天器;crossroads十字路口; aircrafts飞行器; headquarters总部;总公司;总办事处;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits 合成名词 son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿,passer-by→passers-by过路人, story-teller→story-tellers讲故事的人 father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父/公公 comrade-in-arms→comrades-in-arms战友 editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief主编 由-man(或-woman)构成的派生名词,应把-man(或-woman)变成复数形式-men(或-women) ;但若是由man(或woman)作前置定语,则常把定语和被修饰词都变成复数,即“men(或women) +复数名词”。例如: firewoman→firewomen女消防员 man doctor→men doctors男医生 woman teacher→women teachers 女教师 Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了,但是没有起作用的。 2.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词) (1)只用作不可数名词的名词:advice,furniture,fun, information,news,weather,progress,wealth等。不可数名词一般没有复数形式, 说明其数量时, 要用有关计量名词。 Eg: a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 各种物质的统称: bread面包              beer啤酒 cloth布                coffee咖啡 cream奶油         dust尘土 gin杜松子酒         glass玻璃 gold黄金            ice冰 jam果酱        oil油 paper纸               sand沙 soap肥皂              stone石头 tea茶          water水 wine葡萄酒          wood木头 抽象名词: advice忠告/主意    beauty美丽,漂亮 courage勇气   death死亡 experience经验        fear担心 help帮助        hope希望 horror恐惧   information消息/信息 knowledge知识  mercy仁慈 pity同情        relief救济 suspicion猜疑   work工作 在英文中下例名词也是不可数名词: baggage行李       camping露营 damage损害     furniture家具 luggage 行李    parking停车 shopping购物        weather气候 这些名词和hair(头发)、information(信息)、knowledge(知识)、news(新闻)、rubbish(垃圾)等在其他语言中有时是可数名词。 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能和a/an一起连用: I don’t want(any) advice or help. I want(some)information. 我不需要任何忠告或帮助。我想得到一些信息。 He has had no experience in this sort of work. 他干这种活没经验。 这些名词前往往加some(一些),any(任何),no(没有),a lit-tle(少许)等词,或加名词bit(一点儿),piece(片),slice(一部分)等+of结构: a bit of news一件消息 a cake of soap一块肥皂 a drop of oil一滴油 a grain of sand一粒沙子 a pane of glass一块玻璃 a piece of advice一条忠告 a pot of jam一罐果酱 a sheet of paper一页纸 以上几组词中的大部分在特殊情况下可用为可数名词,可在单数前加a/an,也可变为复数形式: 例如,hair指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair(一根头发),two hairs(两根头发等): Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out. 她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。 可以说喝beer(啤酒),coffee(咖啡),gin(杜松子酒),但要酒水的时候说a(cup of)coffer(一杯啤酒),a gin(一杯杜松子酒),two gins(两杯杜松子酒)等。 可以说喝wine(葡萄酒),但必须说enjoy a good wine(品尝一种好酒),喝酒时用a glass或glasses(玻璃杯),也可以walk ina wood/woods(在小树林里散步)。 experience指某人的经历时是可数名词: He had an exciting experience/some exciting experiences(=adventure/s)last week. 上星期他有一次/一些激动人心的经历。 work指职业/就业/工作时是不可数名词: He is looking for work/for a job. 他在求职/找一份工作。 works(只有复数形式)可意为“工厂”或“机器的运转部分”。 works(通常用复数形式)指文学或音乐作品: Shakespeare’s complete works莎士比亚全集 一些抽象名词具有特殊意义时可带a/an: 这些词有: a help: My children are a great help to me. 孩子们是我的得力帮手。 A good map would be a help. 一张好地图可能会有用处。 a relief: It was a relief to sit down. 坐下来感到松了口气。 a knowledge+of: He had a good knowledge of mathematics. 他深谙数学。 a dislike(讨厌)/dread(害怕)/hatred(仇恨)/horror(害怕)/love(热爱)+of结构也可这样使用: a love of music对音乐的爱好 a hatred of violence对暴力的憎恨 a mercy(仁慈)/pity(怜悯)/shame(耻辱)/wonder(惊奇)可以和it引导的that从句一起使用: It’s a pity you weren’t here. 你当时不在场太遗憾了。 It’s a shame he wasn’t paid. 他没拿到酬劳真丢人。 it+be+a pity/shame+动词不定式结构也是可能的: It would be a pity to cut down these trees. 如果把这些树砍掉,那太可惜了。 a fear/fears(忧虑),a hope/hopes(希望),a suspicion/suspicions(猜疑) 这类词可与由there引导的that从句连用: There is a fear/There are fears that he has been murdered. 恐怕他已经被谋杀了。 也可以用have a suspicion that…结构。 一件事可以arouse a fear/fears,a hope/hopes,a suspicion/suspicions等,意思是引起恐惧/希望/怀疑等。 (2)抽象名词具体化:抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 【解析】作主语要用名词,或者说冠词后应当用名词,change除作动词外也可作名词,所以词性不必变化;由紧接着的are可知,要用复数形式, 故填changes。 三.名词的思路点拨: 我们知道,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。如果括号中所给词是名词,又是在句中作主语或宾语时,就无需作词类转换,应考虑是否需要用复数形式;如果用于修饰名词时,则应考虑名词所有格。 判断是否需要复数形式的4条依据: 1. 依据修饰语。由前面的many, several, few, some, all, both, one of等可知用复数形式。 2. 依据主谓一致。由谓语动词为复数推知主语也应是复数。 3. 依据并列成分。 4. 依据生活常识。 5. 依据列举的例子。 四.名词的考点归纳: 关于名词,从近几年的高考题来看,在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式和名词的所有格。 1. 名词的复数形式 英语中的名词,只要大于一,就要用复数形式,如“一个半小时”要说one and a half hours (=an hour and a half)。可数名词由单数变复数一般是在词尾加s,但还有以下几点需要牢记: (1) 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的,加-es。如:bus—buses, fox—foxes, brush—brushes, approach—approaches等。例外:stomach—stomachs。 (2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。如:story—stories, baby—babies, activity—activities, agency—agencies等。 (3) 以-f(e)结尾的常用词,变f(e)为v, 再加-es。 如:half—halves, life—lives, thief—thieves, knife—knives,self—selves, leaf—leaves, loaf—loaves, wolf—wolves等。此外,一般直接加s。如:chief—chiefs, roof—roofs, proof—proofs, belief—beliefs, safe—safes(保险柜)等。 (4) 以-o结尾的有生命的名词,加-es。如:hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes等。 此外, 一般直接加-s。 如:radio—radios, zoo—zoos, photo—photos, piano—pianos等。 (5) 不规则变化的有:man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen等。 (6) 单复数同形的有:deer, fish, sheep, aircraft, spacecraft, means等。 2. 名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所有关系,即“某某的”,主要有以下几种情况: (1) 不以-s结尾的名词(单数或复数),加-’s。如:Jack’s e-mail杰克的电子邮件,children’s books儿童图书,today’s new今天的新闻。 (2) 以-s结尾的复数名词,加-’。如:the girls’ dormitory女生宿舍, the teachers’ reading-room教 师阅览室,five minutes’ walk走路五分钟的路程。 (3) 以-s结尾的单数名词,加-’s或-’。如:our boss’s (boss’) car我们老板的小汽车,Engels’s (Engels’) works 恩格斯的著作。 (4) 双重所有格 名词+of+名词+’s:this watch of my father’s 我父亲的这块手表 名词+of+名词性物主代词:some students of mine 我的一些学生 第三部分 名词的考点考法 一、名词的复数形式 These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) (答案为favorites) there are common ___57__ (theme)(答案为themes) They need to give          (interview) in English(答案为interviews) 二、名词的所有格 He saved my _________ (son) life(答案为son’s) 3、 其它词性转化为名词 It can define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening. (答案为richness) The latest 56 (engineer) techniques (答案为engineering) They have increased Stratford’s international __62__ (visible) (答案为visibility) before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas (答案为arrival) It is a more weighty __________ (warn) about destruction (答案为warning) 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一.近年高考真题35题 1.【2024新课标I卷】The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【解析】考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。 2.【2024新课标I卷】These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 3.【2024新课标I卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which/that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查名词。句意:这座温室是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。空处与glory并列,应用名词形式richness,作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 4.【2024新课标II卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 5.【2024新课标II卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 6.【2024全国甲卷】 They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 【解析】考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应用复数形式,故填treasures。 7.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 【解析】考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并承诺要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。 8.【2024年北京卷】Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【解析】考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 9.【2024年北京卷】To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 10.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. 【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 11.(2023新课标II卷)Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 【解析】考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。 12.(2023新课标II卷)They also need to be ready to give          (interview) in English with international journalists. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。 13.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 14.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural           (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【解析】考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 15.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic          (event). 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。 16.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population) and homes of giant pandas,  【解析】考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。 17.(2022新课标II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 18.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).  【解析】考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。 19.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.  【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 20.(2022浙江1月卷)When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 【解析】考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。 21.(2021新课标II卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.  【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。 22.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 【解析】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 23.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 【解析】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 24.(2021新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are.  【解析】考查名词。句意为:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans. 25.(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 26.(2021全国乙卷)___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 【解析】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。 27.(2021北京卷)Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 【解析】考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。 28.(2021浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 29.(2020新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.  【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 30.(2020新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists 【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 31.(2020新课标III卷)Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【解析】考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 32.(2020新课标卷)Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 33.(2020年北京卷)Now, lots of ______________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。 34.(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the __________ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。 35.(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。 二.高考模拟题22题 1.【2024·广东高三·二模】 The colorful lion and dragon figures controlled by skilled 4 (perform) catch the attention and admiration of the viewers. 【解析】考查名词。句意:由技艺娴熟的演员操纵的色彩斑斓的狮子和龙的形象吸引了观众的注意和赞赏。此处应用名词performer作宾语,表示“演员”,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填performers。 2.【23-24广东部分名校·二模】Cycling in Greece is growing in 13 (popular), best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. 【解析】考查名词。句意:在希腊骑自行车越来越受欢迎,最好是在春天和秋天,而不是盛夏。作介词in的宾语应用名词popularity。故填popularity。 3.【2024·广东肇庆·二模】Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started working out after their 24 (retire). 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意:他们中的大多数是退休后才开始工作的各行各业的普通工人。分析句子结构可知,本空填名词retirement“退休”,作介词after的宾语。故填retirement。 4.【2024·广东肇庆·二模】The 25 (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:运动的好处是无穷无尽的:一个更健康的身体,一个更苗条的身材和一个更快乐的心情。分析句子结构可知,本空用名词benefit“好处”,结合空后的are可知,本空用复数形式,作主语。故填benefits。 5.【2024·广东佛山·二模】It provides a reference for the protection of cultural relics, and suggests 35 (measure) for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:它为文物保护提供了参考,并提出了帮助遗址应对气候变化影响的措施。本空用名词measure“措施”,结合句意可知,措施不止一个,应用名词复数形式,作suggests的宾语。故填measures。 6.【2024·广东佛山·二模】Questions like how to balance humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites are worth 39 (consider),” says Qin. 【解析】考查名词。句意:“气候变化一直是联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会深入讨论的主题。如何平衡人类与自然,如何应对自然灾害,以及自然灾害给世界遗产带来的新挑战,都值得我们思考。”秦说。worth作“值得,值”解时,是一个很常见,但又很特殊的叙述性形容词,通常在句中作表语,worth类似于介词用法,其后面要求有一个宾语,本空用不可数名词consideration“思考”,作宾语。故填consideration。 7.【2024·广东广州·二模】Dating back to over 2000 years ago, tea has risen above differences in diets and cultures and enjoyed worldwide 41 (popular) with its unique fragrance. 【解析】考查名词。句意:早在2000多年前,茶就已经超越了饮食和文化的差异,以其独特的香味在全球范围内广受欢迎。此处作宾语,故应用名词“popularity流行,普遍”符合题意,不可数,故填popularity。 8.【2024·广东部分学校·模拟预测】Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling 68 (character) to be easily identified. 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:服装色彩丰富,富有歌剧风格,使人物易于辨认。此处character指人物角色,根据句意可知,为复数意义。故填characters。 9.【2024·广东湛江·二模】Architectural 72 (engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:建筑工程师是修复这座有数百年历史的建筑的庞大项目的一部分。根据空后的are可知,此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。 10.【2024·广东佛山·二模】Among the various 81 (style), the horse face skirt has emerged as the most popular item. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:在各种款式中,马面裙已成为最受欢迎的单品。根据上文various可知style应用复数形式。故填styles。 11.【2024·广东佛山·二模】 Actually, the skirt has become a very popular 88 (choose) for gifts. 【解析】考查名词。句意:事实上,这种裙子已经成为一种非常流行的礼物选择。作表语,根据上文不定冠词,故用单数名词choice。故填choice。 12.【2024·广东梅州·二模】The Guangdong Lion Dance, a 98 (combine) of martial arts, dance and music, is popular not only in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, but also among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries, making it a cultural bridge for overseas Chinese keeping in touch with their national roots. 【解析】考查名词。句意:广东舞狮集武术、舞蹈和音乐于一体,不仅在广东、广西两省流行,而且在东南亚国家的海外华人中也很流行,成为海外华人联系民族根源的文化桥梁。表示“一种组合”短语为a combination of。故填combination。 13.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】She made many creative and bold 60 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes. 【解析】考查名词。句意:她对传统的小雕像做了许多有创意和大胆的改编,比如用机器给衣服上色。空前是形容词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,adaptation意为“改编本”, 为可数名词,根据前文的many可知,用复数形式。故填adaptations。 14.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】One reason for popcorn's increasing 57 (popular)was its mobility:in 1885, the first steam-powered popcorn maker hit the streets, invented by Charles Cretor. 【解析】考查名词。句意:爆米花越来越受欢迎的一个原因是它的移动性:1885年,查尔斯·克雷特发明了第一台蒸汽动力爆米花机。此处作宾语,应用名词popularity表示“受欢迎”。故填popularity。 15.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers attending outdoor sporting events, or circuses and 60 (fair). 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器,为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。fair意为“博览会”, 为可数名词,根据“outdoor sporting events, or circuses”可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fairs。 16.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Similarly, for beginner runners, it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals-tiredness, 62______ (ache), bursts of energy than to track your pace or heart rate. 【解析】考查名词的复数。句意:同样,对于跑步初学者来说,学会倾听你身体的信号——疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发——比跟踪你的速度或心率更重要。分析句子成分可知,ache“疼痛”为可数名词,应用名词的复数形式。故填aches。 17.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread ___37____(inconsistent) in the use of drug names. 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,他遇到的最大问题是药品名称的使用普遍不一致。空前是形容词,所以空处应填名词作表语,inconsistent的名词形式是inconsistency,为不可数名词。故填inconsistency。 18.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought ___44___(pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:下次当你无法摆脱消极的思维模式时,请记住,人类从根本上来说是社会生物。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用名词复数,表示泛指,作宾语。故填patterns。 19.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the ___43___ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. 【解析】考查名词。句意:这种结构是中国劳动人民的智慧,充分体现了人类的创造性和艺术性。空前是定冠词,以及根据空后的and可知,空处应填名词和后文的artistry并列作宾语,create的名词形式是creativity。故填creativity。 20.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ancient Chinese ___44___ (philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture. 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国古代的哲学思想在中国传统家具中得到了体现。本句缺少主语,所以空处应填名词作主语,根据后文的have可知,主语用复数形式。故填philosophies。 21.【2024届南通暨苏北七市(扬泰徐淮连宿)高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Chinese knots are created in a ____60____ (various) of colors such as gold, green, blue, or black, though the most commonly used color is red, which symbolizes good luck and prosperity. 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国结有多种颜色,如金色、绿色、蓝色或黑色,但最常用的颜色是红色,象征着好运和繁荣。短语a variety of表示“各种各样的”。故填variety。 22.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】Made from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable ____59____(pursue) for scholars. 【解析】考查名词。句意:各行各业的人都受益于它的无数特质,无论是用来娱乐还是作为药物。分析句子,设空处使用pursue的名词pursuit作宾语,意为“追求”。故填pursuit。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题04 击破名词专项语法训练(知识网络+考点考法+考点练透)-备战2025年高考英语语法填空专项训练
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