内容正文:
艺考生文化课
冲刺点金
英语
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
Unit Seven
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.challenge [̍tʃæləndʒ] n.挑战;考验;难题;艰巨任务
v.向……挑战;邀请……比赛
2.champion [̍tʃæmpiən] n.冠军,优胜者
3.chance [tʃaːns] n.机会,可能性;偶然
4.character [̍kærəktə] n.性格,品格;(汉)字,字体
5.charge [tʃaːdʒ] v.收费;管理;索价;将(电池)充电,装满;控告
n.费用;管理
6.chat [tʃæt] v.聊天,闲谈n.聊天,闲谈,非正式的谈话
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
7.cheat [tʃiːt] n.骗子;欺诈;欺骗行为
v.骗取,哄骗;欺诈;作弊
8.check [tʃek] n.支票 v.校对,核对;检查
9.chief [tʃiːf] adj.主要的,首要的 n.领导,首领
10.choose [tʃuːz] v.选择,挑选;选定
11.civilization [̩sivəlai̍zeiʃn] n.文明;文化;开化;教养(也可写成 civilisation)
12.classify [̍klæsifai] v.分类,归类,分等级
13.click [klik] v.点击(计算机用语)
14.coach [kəutʃ] n.教练;马车,长途公共汽车
v.当教练;指导,辅导
15.colleague [̍kɔliːg] n.同事,同僚
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
二、重点短语
16.be known as 以……出名
17.be late for 迟到
18.be/get lost 迷路,消失,丢失
19.be made from/of 由……制造
20.be popular with 受……欢迎的
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
一、重点单词
1.chance n.机会,可能性;偶然 v.偶然发生;碰巧;冒……(的险)
用法 by chance 偶然,碰巧
take a chance/chances 冒险,投机
grasp a chance 抓住机会
miss a chance错过机会
例句 Please give me a chance to explain.
请给我个机会解释一下。
核心词汇运用
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我遇见她完全是偶然的。
I met her quite .
(2)她绝不会错过出国学习的机会。
She will never to study abroad.
(3)我认为在生活中你就得去冒险。
I believe you have to in life.
by chance
miss a chance
take chances/a chance
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
2.charge v.收费;管理;索价;将(电池)充电,装满;控告n.费用;管理
用法 charge sb.with sth.因某事控诉某人
in charge of 负责或照管某人或物
例句 How much do you charge for the cap?
这顶帽子要价多少?
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)嫌疑犯因谋杀他的妻子而被控诉。
The suspect murdering his wife.
(2)这位护士负责照顾这些病人。
The nurse is the patients.
(3)修鞋要多少钱?
How much do you mending shoes?
was charged with
in charge of
charge for
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
3.cheat n.骗子;欺诈;欺骗 v.骗取,哄骗;欺诈;作弊
构词 cheating n.欺骗行为
用法 be cheated of/into doing sth.
被骗去某物或被骗去做某事
例句 I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.
我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)He is a shameless(无耻) .
(2)他被骗得相信自己是最聪明的。
He was cheated that he was the smartest.
cheat
into believing
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
4.check n.检查;支票 vt.校对,核对;检查
用法 美国人常将check指“支票”,而英国人则常用cheque来表示支票。
check in (飞机等)报到,登记
check out (旅馆等)结账离开;检验;查核
例句 Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework.
你检查作业时要当心拼写错误。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)乘客应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。
Passengers should one hour before their flight time.
(2)他打算在星期二结账离开旅馆。
He plans to on Tuesday.
check in
check out
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5.chief adj.主要的,首要的 n.领导,首领
构词 chiefly adv.主要地
用法 chief engineer 总工程师
editor-in-chief主编
例句 The chief aim of man is not to get money.
人的主要目的并不是赚钱。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)主编删去了最后一段。
cut out the last paragraph.
(2)稻子是这一地区的主要作物。
Rice is in this area.
(3)唐被委任为该项工程的总工程师。
Don was appointed of the project.
The editor-in-chief
the chief crop
chief engineer
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
6.choose v.选择,挑选;选定
构词 过去式: chose 过去分词: chosen
choice n.选择
用法 choose from/between/among 从……中挑选
choose as/to be 把……选作
例句 He chose not to go home until later.
他决定晚一点才回家。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)你们将选谁当新班长?
Who will you your new monitor?
(2)你可以从六种流行风格中选择。
You may six popular styles.
choose as
choose from
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
7.classify v.分类,归类,分等级(按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。)
构词 classification n.分类
用法 classify ...into/as把……分类成
classify by/according to按……分类
例句 The books in the library are classified by subject.
图书馆的书是按科目分类的。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我宁可把他的小说归类于科幻小说。
I’d rather his novels science fiction.
(2)Classify them their usage.
classify
as
according to/by
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
二、重点短语
8.be/get lost迷路,消失,丢失
用法 get lost 滚开(口语)
eg.Tell him to get lost.叫他滚。
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
例句 I have a very bad sense of directions,so I easily get lost.
我的方位感很差,因此我容易迷路。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)Looking at the blue sky,the young girl was thought.
(2)His words were the students.
(3)分秒必争。
There was not a moment to .
lost in
lost on
be lost
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9.be made from/of由……制造
比较 be made in在……制造
be made up of 由……组成、构成 (强调主语由两部分或两 个以上的部分构成或组成。)
be made from 指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法 复原(属化学变化)。
be made of 指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发 生本质变化(属物理变化)。
例句 Many items in daily use are made of plastic.
很多日常生活用品是用塑料制成的。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)These gloves leather(皮革).
(2)水是由氧和氢组成。
Water oxygen and hydrogen.
(3)我希望我的员工都由优秀的工人构成。
I want my staff to be excellent workers.
(4)This antique(古老而珍贵的) chair 1750.
are made of
is made from
made up of
was made in
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
10.be popular with受……欢迎的
比较 be popular with=be popular among/in
be popular as 作为……受欢迎
例句 Tom has always been popular among his classmates.
汤姆在同学中一直很受欢迎。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)The reporter is popular his audience.
(2)Mo Yan is popular a writer in the world.
(3)The song is popular teenagers.
with
as
with
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
一、主谓一致概念和原则
语法突破——主谓一致
主
谓
一
致 定义 原则 概念
谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 语法
一致 主语的单复数决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。
All the students are here now.
意义
一致 主语和谓语的一致是由主语所表达的内在含义决定的。
His family are having lunch now.His family is very large.
就近
原则 谓语的数是由最临近的主语的单复数确定的。
There is an eraser,and three pencils here.
Neither he nor his classmates are fond of it.
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
二、主谓一致中的一些情况
情况 处理方式 举例
and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no,
many a等修饰时。 看成单数 Every boy and every girl in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
neither...nor...;either...or...; not only...but also...;There be...and...。 就近原则 Either you or I am wrong.
Not only he but also we’re into it.
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
续表:
情况 处理方式 举例
主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,together with,with,
like,rather than,but,except, besides,including,in addition to等短语时。 与前面的主语保持一致 She,together with her parents,watches TV every night.
My daughter,like all the children,likes cartoons.
some,any,more,
most,all,what,
which,who,the
rest等词作主语时。 与它们所指代的词的单复数一致 Some of the students were absent from school today.
Some of the food has gone bad.
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
续表:
情况 处理方式 举例
集体名词family,audience, crew,crowd,class,
company,committee等作主语时。 主语指整体用单数,反之用复数 Their class is on the first floor.
Our class are having an English class.
以s结尾的不可数名词或学科如news,maths,
physics,politics
作主语时。 谓语用单数 Nowadays politics is paid more attention to.
书名、剧名、报纸名称及国家名称的复数名词作主语时。 谓语用单数 The United States has 50 states.
The Times is very famous.
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续表:
情况 处理方式 举例
定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that,which时。 与先行词一致 She will go with her friends who are all older than her.
由there或here引导的句子。 就近原则 Here is a river and some boats.
the+形容词指一类人作主语时。 复数 The rich often help the poor in HK.
half of,part of,
most of,a portion of等词引导主语时。 与of后的名词一致 Half of my time is spent on English.
Most of the teachers here are women.
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
三、谓语用单数的情况
情况 举例
many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时。 More than one student has visited the Great Wall.
every,each,some, no,any构成的复合代词作主语时。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
金钱、时间、价格或度量衡作主语时。 1,000 dollars is not enough.
非谓语动词作主语时。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在数学四则运算中。 One plus two is three.
主语从句作主语时。 Who will go there is not decided.
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
【主谓一致高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对主谓一致的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下主谓一致的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2009年广东卷)...When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already 39 table having supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).
【分析】 根据主谓一致的原则:主语与谓语动词要在人称和单复数上保持一致。所以考题中填谓语动词时一定要考虑这一原则,如:40题,主语是Jane (单数),时态是过去时,语态是被动语态,故填was informed。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
2.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【分析】 67.is。考查主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
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3.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
【分析】 67.is。考查主谓一致。根据从句的can’t以及says可知用一般现在时态,主语是it,故谓语动词用单数形式即is。
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4.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
【分析】 70.are。考查主谓一致。根据前文“three are”可知此处用are。six是复数含义。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
5.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”.
【分析】 67.means。考主谓一致和时态。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家卡尔·皮埃特斯说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”由上文“This really excites scientists”可知,是一般现在时,主语是it,故填means。
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6.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected...
【分析】 58.were。考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词a significant number of areas在从句中作主语,根据“previously unprotected(之前未保护)”可知定语从句的时态为一般过去时,而主语是复数,故填were。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区。
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通过对高考题中语法填空题和写作的分析,我们可以看出:主谓一致原则贯穿在整个英语教学中,涉及每一个句子,所以我们在学习和复习时,要重点复习以上原则及其基本用法,了解一些固定搭配等。
全国卷的改错题中有主谓一致的考点。一般考查主语的数与谓语动词的数的一致性。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.Neither Bill nor his parents at home yesterday evening.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】 D
【解析】 neither ...nor ...;either ...or ...;not only ...but also ...; There be ...and ...,就近原则,即主语是his parents。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )2.The paper for books and newspapers made of wood.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
【答案】 B
【解析】 主语paper为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )3.I,who your friend,will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语who与先行词I是相同的,所以谓语动词由I来定。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )4.The rich not always happy.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
【答案】 B
【解析】 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,the rich指所有富人。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )5.Mary as well as her sisters Chinese in China.
A.are studying B.have studied
C.studies D.study
【答案】 C
【解析】 主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with, together with,with,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等短语时,与前面的主语保持一致,即主语是Mary。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )6.Not only my brother but also I good at painting.Both of us good painters.
A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is
【答案】 C
【解析】 neither ...nor ...;either ...or ...;not only ...but also ...; There be ...and ...,就近原则,第一空的主语是I。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )7.Every boy and every girl to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes
C.is like D.like
【答案】 B
【解析】 and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no, many a等修饰时,看作单数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )8.There a pen,two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.have B.has C.are D.is
【答案】 D
【解析】 由there或here引导的句子用就近原则。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )9.The Arabian Nights well known to the English.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语是一本书。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
( )10.The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语是一个国家。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Playing too much computer games (be) bad for your health.
2.Recently the number of the visitors to Hong Kong (increase).
【答案】 is
【解析】 动名词作主语,看作单数。
【答案】 has increased
【解析】 数字作主语,看作单数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
3.What he said and what he did (hurt) his mother deeply.
4.More than one room (need) tonight.
【答案】 has hurt/hurt
【解析】 从句作主语,看作单数。
【答案】 is needed
【解析】 many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
5.The bus,including the passengers on it, (be) OK.
6.Three hours (be) used to write my article this morning.
【答案】 is
【解析】 主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with, together with,with,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等短语时,与主语保持一致。
【答案】 was
【解析】 时间作主语,看作单数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
7.When night comes,no sound and no voice (hear).
8.It’s said that when to start and where to go (decide).
【答案】 is heard
【解析】 and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no, many a等修饰时,用单数。
【答案】 has been decided
【解析】 and连接的是同一件事,看成是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。这件事是由人来决定的,所以用被动语态。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
9.The rest of the lecture (be) too boring.
10.Let’s begin,since all (be) here.
【答案】 is
【解析】 half of,part of,most of,a portion of 等词引导主语时,与主语一致。
【答案】 are
【解析】 all指所有人,可数名词复数。
《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
高考话题:日常活动(daily routines)——早起的好处
Getting up early is a good habit which is of benefit to us.By getting up early,we can take some sports in the morning,which is good for our health.Besides,the fresh air and quietness in the morning make us think more quickly than any other time of the day and memorize what we have learned more easily.Last but not least,getting up early can also help us train our character.It should be kept in mind that only when we get into the habit of getting up early every day can we keep a healthy body.
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《艺考生文化课冲刺点金.英语》含教材、冲刺练、答案与解析 (适合艺术生最后冲刺使用)
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