话题专练(19) 地球宇宙奥秘探索-【名校有约】2025年新高考新教材英语一轮单元强化检测示范卷

话题专练（十九）地球宇宙奥秘探索 I,阅读理解 A (2024届浙江省百校大联考)It's1:30 am in Kenya's populated north,and50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river,staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have travelled250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流 )They are not disappointed:Every few minutes,arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks. The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer,Susan Murabana,who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm-long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects.But here in Samburu,where light pollution is minimal,the Perseid meteors-visible with the naked eye( p 眼)一steal the show, 北 Every two months,Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4 X4 and set off to rural communities,where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (and the basics of astrophysics.They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her. 如 蚁 "When I started this work,I didn't see people who looked like me.I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that."says Murabana. "There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard,boring,and only for boys,"she adds."I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they,too,can become astronomers,"says Murabana. Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join 黄 a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education."That was a gamechanger.If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager,my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics,but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer,"she says. Inspired by the Cosmos Education,Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 201l and set up her own outreach programme.She looked to Dr Mae Jemison,the first black woman in space,as a role model."I hope that one day, through this work,I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space." 145 1.What do the underlined words "steal the show"in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Ruin the effort. B.Face the challenge. C.Attract more attention. D.Keep the promise. 2.Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas? A.To help them out of poverty. B To inspire their love of astronomy. C.To look for assistants for her work. D.To give them an edge over boys in studies 3.What can we learn about Murabana from Paragraph 6? A.She enjoyed playing games. B.She longed to be an astronomer. C.She is an initiator of Cosmos Education. D.She regretted not taking astronomy earlier. 4.What's the passage mainly about? A.The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer. B.The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan. C.The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people. D.The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower. B (2o24届安徽省名校联盟2月联考)Maj Tim Peake has backed the idea of solar farms in space,saying the concept is“becoming absolutely viable(可行的)”. Peake said the falling cost of launching heavy goods into orbit meant that such complex structures could soon be sent to space,with the potential to provide significant power.Peake, the first British European Space Agency (ESA)astronaut to visit the International Space Station. said,"It boils down to hard numbers at the end of the day.Launching thousands of tons of hardware into low Earth orbit is becoming absolutely viable." The ESA has been exploring the idea of space-based solar power plants,and commissioned two "concept studies"earlier this year.It is hoping to present a business case to the EU by 2025. Peake said the agency calculated that solar farms in space would be financially viable when goods could be launched at a cost of $1,000 (E807)per kg or less. He told an energy tech summit last week,"So far,the actual costs have been about $2,700 per kilo.Launches using the Falcon Heavy can reduce that to about $1,500 and the so-called Starship brings that down by an order of magnitude to about 300 per kilo. 一146 The Falcon Heavy and Starship are rockets designed by Elon Musk's Space X aerospace company.The Falcon Heavy is already transporting goods such as satellites into space,while the Starship is in development.An unmanned test flight in April exploded minutes after liftoff. Unlike previous launchers,they are reusable and designed to return to Earth undamaged.This means there is no need to construct a new rocket for each launch,bringing costs down.The ESA's Solaris project aims to launch solar panels into space,programmed to robotically link up with other panels to build a solar farm. While Earth-based solar farms are unable to generate electricity in the dark,space-based panels can harvest the sun's energy continuously.Peake said,"If you can build solar farms in space,then you can send that energy down to ground stations via microwaves.It means clean, limitless energy from space becomes an absolute possibility. 5.What is the function of the first paragraph? A.A definition of solar farm. B.An introduction to the main topic. C.The background information of the text. D.Presentation of a new phenomenon in technology. 6.What's the purpose of listing figures in the text? A.To highlight importance of the task. B.To prove the task well workable. C.To tell the cost of building solar farms. D.To show difficulties of building solar farms. 7.Why are the Falcon Heavy and Starship rockets more favorable? A.They are reusable and can reduce costs. B.They can transport goods into space quickly. C.They are designed by a reliable and big company. D.They have been used in many successful launches. 8.What's the advantage of space-based solar panels? A.They can generate electricity continuously. B.They can send energy down to ground stations. C.They are programmed to link up with other panels. D.They are more efficient in harvesting the sun's energy 一147 C (2024届华大新高考联盟高三1月教学质量测评)Supermassive black holes all over the universe are merging ()a fate that will eventually come for the black hole at the center of our galaxy ()These magic universal structures at the heart of nearly every galaxy consume light and matter and are impossible to see with traditional telescopes.But now,for the first time,astrophysicists have gathered knowledge directly from these huge universal structures,in the form of gravitational waves that move around through space and time. Essential to these findings is the detection of complicated gravitational waves,and understanding how they are produced.Any object with mass that is moving causes these waves invisible bending in time and space that were first theorized by Albert Einstein in 1916 but not detected until roughly 100 years later.In 2015,scientists used the ground-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory to detect how short,high-frequency gravitational waves from one merger between less massive black holes move around the Earth by less than the width of a single subatomic particle(亚原子微粒). The findings help confirm what will one day happen to the supermassive black hole at our galaxy's center known as Sagittarius A,as it crashes into the black hole at the heart of the Andromeda galaxy."The Milky Way galaxy is on a crash course with the Andromeda galaxy, and in about 4.5 billion years,the two galaxies are set to merge,"said Joseph Simon,a member of Nanograv.That merger,he said,will eventually result in the black hole at the center of Andromeda and Sagittarius A sinking into the center of the newly combined galaxy. "Before now,we didn't even know if supermassive black holes merged,and now we have evidence that hundreds of thousands of them are merging,"said Chiara Mingarelli,another member of Nanograv. If scientists understand more about the history of the merging supermassive black holes,it could help know how they form in the first place,said Masha Baryakhtar,a physicist who wasn't involved in the research. 9.What stopped scientists from studying black holes? A.Black holes were too far away. B.There were no ways to observe them. C.Black holes were too supermassive. D.People did not care to know them more. 10.What is the main topic of Paragraph 2? A.The causes of black holes'merging. B.The knowledge of gravitational waves. C.The function of gravitational waves. D.Two breakthroughs on black hole study. 148 11.What may support the evidence mentioned by Chiara? A.The actual detection of gravitational waves. B.Black holes consuming light and matter. C.Objects moving with mass cause gravitational waves. D.The merging of Andromeda and Sagittarius A. 12.What may be the best title of the text? A.Black Hole in Our Galaxy Is on Crash Course B.Gravitational Waves Were First Detected C.The End of Universe Goes to Black Holes D.Black Holes Merge to Form New Worlds D (2o24届浙江省衢州、丽水、湖州模拟)Far,far below your feet lies a source of nearly endless energy.Earth's core is about as hot as the surface of the Sun,so hot that it melts the rocky layers above it into magma,or liquid rock.Wouldn't it be great if we could tap into all that energy?In some places,we do! The Geysers is an area north of San Francisco in California where magma's heat turns a reservoir of underground water into steam.This region is home to 18 geothermal power plants. The steam rises up through spaces between the rocks underground,a bit like how steam pours from a teakettle boiling on a stove.The power plant has pipelines that send the steam into the turbines (where electricity flow is generated.Once the steam leaves the turbine,it goes into a cooling tower where it turns back into liquid.Then it's piped back into the reservoir to be reheated again.Other kinds of geothermal power plants pump hot groundwater into the power plant.Then the pressure is reduced,causing the liquid to flash into steam that turns the turbine and generates electricity flow.Once the steam cools and turns back into liquid,it's pumped back down into the reservoir to begin the cycle again. So why don't we all heat our homes with free steam from the earth?First,the heat has to be close enough to the surface for us to reach it.Next,there has to be plenty of underground water to be heated.Finally,there has to be a layer of rock that water or steam can flow through. So in places where all three of those things come together,geothermal energy can be a powerful renewable energy source.Besides,when a geothermal plant returns water back into the hot rocks of a reservoir,it makes the rock crack a bit,which can cause small earthquakes.There's another danger that comes with drilling near magma-pipes and other equipment might melt if they hit a pocket of magma or are caught in an eruption.One geothermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018.But engineers are hopeful that the repaired plant will generate even more power.Geothermal energy isn't the answer for everywhere,but it's a piece of the puzzle to help slow climate change. 149 13.In which part of power plants is the electricity made? A.The turbine. B.The reservoir. C.The pipeline. D.The tower. 14.What prevents free steam from being widely developed according to Paragraph 3? A.Hard surface and possible earthquakes. B.Changeable climate and unqualified equipment. C.Limited underground water and thin layers of rock. D.Unsuitable geological conditions and potential dangers. 15.Why is the buried geothermal plant in Hawaii mentioned? A.To demonstrate the great effort that engineers made. B.To show the power that the repaired plant can generate. C.To illustrate the danger caused by drilling near magma. D.To praise the engineers who repaired the generate plant. 16.What is the author's attitude towards geothermal energy? A.Unconcerned. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. Ⅱ.书面表达 今年，重庆山火和泸定地震中酒现出了很多青年榜样：00后消防员，00后志愿者等。你校正 在组织“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”英语征文话动，请你投稿。 内容包括： 1.青年榜样的突出品质： 2.他们对你的影响： 3.呼吁年轻人向他们学习。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.请在相应位置作答。 We Should Shoulder the Responsibility 150 [话题词汇专练] I.单词拼写 1.Those anxious for reform say that the present (体制)is too narrow. 2.I hope you will recover soon under this enjoyable (气候). 3.According to the (of relativity,nothing can travel faster than light. 4.The famous scientist never returned when he (探索)the desert region in1979. 5.A truck went out of control and (碰撞)into the back of a bus. 6.Tornadoes are (猛烈的)whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1,300feet. 7.A small boat was (漂浮)on the surface of the water. 8.A great (of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road. 9.From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no (大气层). 10.Some experts think reading is the (基本的)skill upon which school education depends. Ⅱ，单句语法填空 1.This kind of plant has been in (exist)for millions of years. 2.We live in a (globe)village,but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way. 3.It is wrong to see (violent)as the only way to solve problems. 4.The children are schooled in an old room that once stored (harm)chemicals. 5.I could feel the wind (gentle)blowing through my hair.It was a warm summer breeze. 6.The government took immediate measures and the disease was prevented spreading. 7.He is one of the greatest (physics)in the world and many people admire him very much. 8.Over the past five years Tom (go)through a lot of hardships. 9.Agriculture has developed rapidly,thus provide)light industry with ample raw materials. 10.The policeman signalled the driver to pull so that he could check his licence. Ⅲ，单句写作 1.China has successfully launched the Chang'e-4 onto the moon, we Chinese are all proud. 中国成功发射嫦娥四号到月球，我们所有中国人为之自豪。 2.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth be the only planet where life has developed gradually. 斯蒂芬·霍金认为地球不可能是唯一的生命逐渐发展的星球。 151 3.Obviously,it is the teamwork for them to go anywhere they want to. 显而易见，正是团队合作才使得他们去想去的地方成为可能。 human beings had planted plants in space. 那是人类第一次在太空种植植物。 5. by China in space exploration in the past decades. 在过去的几十年中，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成就。 IV,话题微写作 A,根据提示完成句子。 1.地球是火星的六倍大。(time;size) 2.我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学和技术的发展。(depend on) 3.火星上几乎没有氧气，这使生命存在成为不可能。(make;exist) 4.中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上的温度则在零下100度左右。这使得我们无法在那里生 活。(prevent...from..) 5.既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们不得不带上我们自己的氧 气、食物、衣服和住的地方。(now that) B.将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范 152B.参考范文 用猎鹰重型和星舰火箭近行太空发射会诚少成本。故选 My friend,Li Hua.is a person who has potential A项。 abilities.After graduating from college.he was appointed 8.A推理判断题。根据第六段While Earth-based solar as a firefighter.One day after work.he was about to go farms are unable to generate electricity in the dark. shopping when he found a fire broke out in a house. space-based panels can harvest the sun's energy Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of continuously.可知太空中太阳能发电场可以在黑骑中装 the fire,he made his way through the crowd without panic. 取太阳的能量，持续发电。故进A项。 and went into the burning building.Risking his own life,he C saved five children trapped in the fire.Because of his heroic 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的银河系中心的 behavior,he was praised by his colleagues and leader. 属利正在合并，这些神奇的字宙结构几乎存在于每个星系 话题专练（十九）地球宇宙奥秘探索 的中心，它们清耗光和物质，用传统的望远镜是不可能看到 【,阅读理解 的。但现在，天体物理学家第一次直搜从这些巨大的宇宙 结构中收集到知识，这些结构以引力波的形式在空问和时 A 间中传播。 语篇解读本篇是一篇记叙文，介绍了肯尼亚天文学家 Susan Murabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。 9.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“These magic l.C根据设问定位到第二段“The Star Safari is organised universal structures at the heart of nearly every galaxy consume light and matter and are impossible to see with by a Kenyan astronomer,Susan Murabana,who has traditional telescopes..(这些神奇的字省结构几乎位于每 brought a 50 kg.170 cm-long telescope to allow the 个星系的中心，它们消耗光和物质，用传统的望远镜是不 group to view Mars and deep-sky objects.But here in 可能看到的。)”可知，用传统的望远镜是不可能看到黑 Samburu,where light pollution is minimal.the Perseid 河，园此阻止了科学家研究黑洞。故选B项 meteors一visible with the naked eye"可知以前是这架望 10.D推理判断题。根据文幸第二段“Any object with 远镜让大家观察天体，而这次因为污染少流星雨用裸眼 mass that is moving causes these waves-invisible 可以看见从而抢了望远镜的风头。故选C项。 bending in time and space that were first theorized by 2.B根据设问定位到第三段“They primarily targets Albert Einstein in 1916 but not detected until roughly schools in remote areas because of her mission to give 100 years later.In 2015,scientists used the ground- girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to based Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave her”可知Murabana主要针对偏远地区的孩子尤其是女 Observatory to detect how short,high-frequency 孩，为的是激发她们对天文学的兴施。故迭B项。 gravitational waves from one merger between less 3,D根据设问定位到倒数第二段“If an outreach group massive black holes move around the Earth by less than had come to me when I was a young teenager,my the width of a single subatomic particle(任何质量移动 attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been 的物体都会引起这些波一时间和空间上看不见的弯 positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics. 曲，这是由爱因斯坦在1916年提出的，但直到大约100 but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer'”可知 年后才被发现。2015年，科学家们利用地面激光千涉引 地后梅当年十几岁的时候没有旱点选择天文学。故选 力波天文台探测质量较小黑洞合并产生的短高频引力 D项 波在地球上的移动幅度小于单个亚原子粒子的宽度，)” 4.C本篇主要介绍了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致 可知，本段主要讲解黑洞研究的两个突破。故选D项 力于向人们普及天文学的故事。故选C项 Il.A推理判断题。报据文章第一段“But now,for the B first time,astrophysicists have gathered knowledge 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。宇航员Peake说，在大空 directly from these huge universal structures,in the 中建太阳能发电场是行得通的。 form of gravitational waves that move around through 5,B推理判断题。作者写第一段是为了引出本文的话题： space and time,.(但现在，天体物理学家第一次直接从这 在太空中建太阳能发电场是行得通的。故选B项。 些巨大的字宙结构中收集知识，以引力波的形式在空间 6.B细节理解题。极据第二段中的最后两句It boils down 和时间中移动.)”第二段“Essential to these findings is to hard numbers at the end of the day.Launching the detection of complicated gravitational waves,and thousands of tons of hardware into low Earth orbit is understanding how they are produeed.(这些发现的关键 becoming absolutely viable.可知，作者在第三，四段列举 是探洲复杂的引力波，并了解它们是如何产生的。)”以 一系列的数据是为了证明solar farms in space计刻的可 及倒数第二段“Before now,we didn't even know if 行性。故选B项。 supermassive black holes merged,and now we have 7,A推理判断题。根据第五段Unlike previous launchers, evidence that hundreds of thousands of them are they are reusable and designed to return to Earth merging,said Chiara Mingarelli(在此之前，我们甚至不 undamaged.This means there is no need to construct a 知道超大质量黑洞是否合并，而现在我们有证据表明， new rocket for each launch,bringing costs down可知，使 成千上万的黑涧正在合并，Chiara Mingarelli说)”可知， 212 这里的证据是指引力泼的发现，A项：The aetual Ⅱ.书面表达 detection of gravitational waves.(引力波的实际探测)符 参考范文 合Chiara的观，点。故速A项。 We Should Shoulder the Responsibility l2.A主旨大意题，根据文章第一段“Supermassive black This year.many young role models emerged in the holes all over the universe are merging(合并)，a fate mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake: that will eventually come for the black hole at the center post-00s firefighters,post-00s volunteers,etc.They showed of our galaxy(银河系).（宇宙中所有的超大质量黑洞都 their bravery and ambition.especially.their sense of 在合并，我们银河系中心的黑洞最终也会面临这样的命 responsibility. 运。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是银河系中心的黑刑正在 What they did made me think about our responsibility. 合并，A项：Black Hole in Our Galaxy Is on Crash The young people are carrying too much responsibility.The Course(我们银河系的黑洞正在上“速成班”)合乎题意。 contemporary young people are stressed out.and we have 故选A项 to work hard to serve the country.As a student,as long as 0 we choose study,we have a responsibility to complete our 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介招了在你脚下很深 studies seriously and steadfastly.We have to grow up with 的地方，蓝藏着无穷无尽的能量。地被的温度大约和太阳 physical and mental health.and that is inseparable from all 表面一样高，以至于它上面的岩层融化成岩浆，也就是液态 kinds of hardship parents endured.So we should not shirk 岩石。文章重点介绍了地热能源的利用。 any responsibility of love and care. 13.A细节理解题.根据第二段中“The power plant has In a word,all the young people should learn from them pipelines that send the steam into the turbines where and shoulder our responsibility. electricity flow is generated,(发电厂有管道将蒸汽送入 [话题词汇专练] 渦轮机，在那型产生电力，)”可知，电力是在发电厂的涡 I.单词拼写 轮机这个都分产生的。故选A项。 1.system 2.climate 3.theory 4.explored 5.crashed 14.D细节理解题。根据第三段中“So why don't we al山 6.violent 7.floating 8.block 9.atmosphere heat our homes with free steam from the earth?First. 10.fundamental Ⅱ，单句语法填空 the heat has to be close enough to the surface for us to reach it.Next.there has to be plenty of underground 1.existence 2.global 3.violence 4.harmful 5.gently water to be heated.Finally.there has to be a layer of 6.from 7.physicists 8.has gone 9.providing 10.over Ⅲ.单句写作 rock that water or steam can flow through.So in places 1.of which 2.is unlikely to where all three of those things come together. 3.that makes it possible geothermal energy can be a powerful renewable energy 4.It was the first time that ource,(那么，为什么我们不都用地球上的免费蕊汽来 5.Great achievements have been made 为我们的家供暖呢？首先，热量必须离地表是够近，这 V.话题微写作 样我们才能到达。其次，必须有足够的地下水来加热。 A.1.The earth is six times the size of Mars. 最后，必须有一层岩石，水或蒸汽可以通过。所以在这 2.Can we land on Mars?It all depends on the development 三种能源同时存在的地方，地热能可以成为一种强大的 of science and technology. 可再生能源，)”可推知，不运宜的地虞条件和潜在的危 3.There is almost no oxygen on Mars,which makes it 险I碍了免费蒸汽的广泛发展。故选D项。 impossible for life to exist. l5.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“There'sanother 4.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 danger that comes with drilling near magma-pipes and degrees below zero at night,which prevents us from other equipment might melt if they hit a pocket of living there. magma or are caught in an eruption.One geothermal 5.Now that Mars is quite different from the earth.if we are plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018. to go to Mars one day.we have to take our own oxygen. 岩浆附近钻探还有另一个危险一如果管道和其他设 food,clothing and shelter with us. 备碰到岩浆区或被火山喷发困住，它们可能会融化。 B.参考范文 2018年，夏成夷的一家地热发电厂部分被熔岩掩埋。)” The earth is six times the size of Mars.Whether we can 可推知，提到了夏成夷的地下地热发电厂是为了说明在 land on Mars all depends on the development of science and 岩浆附近钻探所造成的危险。故选C项。 technology.There is almost no oxygen on Mars,which l6.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Geothermal energy makes it impossible for life to exist.It might be about 50 isn't the answer for everywhere,but it's a piece of the degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at puzzle to help slow climate change..(地热能源并不是所 night,which prevents us from living there.Now that Mars 有地方的解决方案，但它是减缓气候变化的拼图中的一 is quite different from the earth,if we are to go to Mars one 块。)”可推知，作者对地热能源的态度是赞成的。故选D day,we have to take our own oxygen,food.clothing and 项。 shelter with us. 213