话题专练(18) 人与自然、人与动物及自然灾害与防范-【名校有约】2025年新高考新教材英语一轮单元强化检测示范卷

话题专练(士八) 人与自然、人与动物及自然灾害与防范 。 I. 阅读理解 A (2024届广东省东苑市七校联考)I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore. For my 1oth birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral(珊瑚). They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only one percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine(海洋 的)life is particularly important because the reefs(暗礁) have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy. This statistic(数据) is depressing, so it's important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place D forever. Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species. 1. What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? 班 A. He seldom went sailing at the sea. B. He forgot his experiences about the ocean. 将 C. He never went back to his hometown. D. He had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay. 2. What is Australian marine life like according to the second paragraph? A. It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually. B. It depends on reefs for living greatly. C. It may be faced with danger. D. It is protected better than that in other oceans. 137 3. What is the aim of the Protect Our Coral Sea activity? A. To contribute to a complete ecosystem. B. To prevent more marine species being endangered C. To set up a large nature reserve for reefs. D. To raise more teenagers' environmental awareness. 4. Why do Angus and the author create a little video? A. To ask more people to take action to protect the marine species. B. To inspire more people to study the secret of the ocean C. To share their childhood experiences about the ocean. D. To bring back to people their memory of ocean species. (2024届广东省揭阳市高三上学期质量检测)Asanyone inmainland Britainwho has ever attempted to grow berries or nuts or indeed feed the birds will know, doing so is equal to an opening move in a game of chess with local grey squirrels, a game the squirrels tend to win. Grey squirrels are also fond of the occasional bird's egg or the young bird, and enjoy tearing and eating the bark of young broad leaf trees, which can either kill the trees or leave them open to infection. This, apart from affecting biodiversity and landscape, harms the wood industry. The loss is not insignificant: f37 a year in England and walks. Grey squirrels, introduced from North America in 1876, have almost replaced native red squirrels by competing them for food and habitat. They are larger and stronger, and resistant to squirrel pox virus, while reds are not. About 3 million grey squirrels now live in the UK; the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the grey squirrel among the top 1oo most harmful invasive(人侵的) species in the world. In Britain, much effort and inventiveness has been made in stopping grey squirrel progress. from trapping and shooting them, to releasing pine martens into their habitats. The latest move. a workable system for which was thought to be a decade away, is forbidding the breeding(繁殖) of grey squirrels. However, legal challenge brought so many delays that the invasive grey squirrel population expanded to an unmanageable level and wiping out were abandoned. The main issue in Britain was thought to be more technological than legal designing a drug that targets only grey squirrels to prevent their breeding. Another possibility in the years ahead is to use DNA editing to ensure grey female are born unable to give birth. Grey squirrels have now been here for nearly 15o years. They do actively threaten another species in Britain. There is a strong argument that ecosystems change. In fact, that is their essential nature, and it is unrealistic to stop it. The attraction of controlling the breeding methods of grey squirrels is that they are less inhumane, and aim for balance rather than uprooting. 138 5. What does the author focus on in paragraph 1? A. The harm from grey sauirrels. B. The eating habits of grey squirrels. C. The effect of grey squirrels on industry. D. The game between the British and grey squirrels. 6. What led to the victory of grey sauirrels over reds? A. Their huge number. B. Their unique origins. C. Their breeding ability. D. Their physical qualities. 7. What is the main difficulty in removing grey squirrels in Britain? A. Less labour. B. Shortage of money. C. Imperfect law. D. Lack of technology. 8. What is the author's attitude to forbidding the breeding of grey squirrels? B. Objective. C. Favorable. A.Unclear. D. Doubtful. # (2023·新课标全国 II 卷)As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park- goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories"sitting at beach" and "listening to waves.” Across the 32o submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestie form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break “We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,"said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 139 9. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature. 10. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A. To compare different types of park-goers B. To explain why the park attracts tourists C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors' summaries. 11. What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5? A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C. The same nature experience takes different forms. D. The nature language enhances work performance. 12. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication D (2024届山西省太原市高三模拟)When Alexia Lecleroq was little,she remembered being yelled at for playing outside in the acid rain. she remembered the city was shutting down because of poor air quality. At an early age, she saw the pollution and health consequences and realized they were having a big effect on her health and growth, and this set off her interest in becoming a social environmental activist. She says, “Climate and environmental justice have become a personal and pressing issue.” It also made clear something that has since been the foundation for all her activism: connection matters. It's why she co-founded two nonprofits - Start: Empowerment and the Colorado River Conservancy, engaging student volunteers to make climate education public. It's why she pushed to bring clean water to East Austin, Texas, where her family lived at that time, and had poisonous tank farms( 油罐区) relocated away from residential neighborhoods Last year, the WWF awarded her the 2o22 Conservation Leadership Award that honors the people who push the envelope in environmental conservation. Alexia made herself worthy of the award by demonstrating what a youngster could create with new ideas and her ongoing efforts in the field. That same year, she co-authored a piece in Teen Vugue about why we can't "influence" our way out of the climate crisis and we need more grassroots organizations. She shared in an interview,"I grew up with a very collectivist belief and this is what I have been impressing on the community because we aren't separate.” As a longtime social- environmental justice organizer, she has gained a lot. A key concept underpins all of Alexia's 一140 effort: We're connected to the land and to each other. "I seek to develop my educational leadership skills. Youth in community should be empowered to make a difference." she added. explaining her reasons for coming to Harvard 13. What does the author want to say by mentioning Alexia's childhood? A. The air quality affected the children most B. The pollution at that time was more serious. C. She suffered a lot from her unhappy childhood. D. Her childhood plaved a part in shaping her career. 14. What did Alexia do as an environmental activist? A. She founded organisations to fund local schools B. She called on student yolunteers to clean local rivers. C. She removed the locals from the poisonous tank farms. D. She made the community connect to environmental projects. 15. What does the underlined phrase "push the envelope" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Win. B. Innovate. C.Cooperate. D. Approve. 16. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Her belief in her social work B. Her reasons for preferring Harvard C. Her achievements in the past activities. D. Her academic performance in university. II.语法填空 China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River. putting1. place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands. A policy document 2. (joint) released by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize effort and adopt a 3. (comprehension) way of conserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 1o-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2o2o in response to 4. (decline) biodiversity. Despite improvements to the Yangtze's water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution ). (emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, 6. will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies. The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote 7. (high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. 8. (restore) the diversity of aauatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make 9. action plan to save them and that more work 10. (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers. 141 II.读后续写 阅读下面材料,依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数 应为150左右。 (2024届浙江强基联盟高三1月联考)Inever pickuphitch-hikers(搭便车者)asarule.1 don't know what moved me to do so today, I was heading from North Platte to Brady and he was just outside of North Platte. He jumped in and said, "Thanks for stopping." I said,"No problem, I'm going to Brady about 23 miles up the road, and I'll take you that far." As we were conversing, I noticed he smelt of alcohol. I also noticed his wrinkled, sun darkened and unshaven face, his messy hair and clothes. But what I noticed most was his clear. large, blue eyes. They say the eves are the window to the soul, and I believe it, if you look closely, you can pretty much tell the kind of soul a person has through their eyes. His eyes were almost indescribable. They were so spellbinding, not a bit of hate in them. Looking at his very rough appearance, I could tell he'd been down a very hard road. Somehow, despite the road he had been down, there was no hate in his eyes, only love. I asked him if he wanted a smoke, and he said yes, so I gave him one, then I let him keep the whole pack, for which he seemed genuinely grateful. I started asking him where he was from, where he was heading, whether he had a family, etc. He told me he had been on the road for six days, coming from Arizona where he had recently had a heart attack and heart surgery. He was pretty much healed up but couldn't find work. He was heading back to his birthplace of Kansas City, which is where I was born as well. He said he lost his wife to a brain tumor ten vears ago, and that he never had kids because his wife couldn't have any, We talked the rest of the way, and I had a feeling that there was something about this guy that I couldn't put my finger on, but it was something special. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右: 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答 So we got to Brady and I said,"Well,this is the end of my line." As I mentioned, I told him I was going to give him some money. 142 [话题词汇专练 I.单词拼写 1. All the failures (毁灭) all Jane's hopes for success. 2. If you can't keep your pet, you can give it to an animal (庇护所). 3. Given the opportunity, I'll dig my (潜能)to the fullest. 4. Although we are suffering such a severe natural (灾难),we will never lose heart 5. Everyone can do something for our environment. For me, I should try to save (电)in my daily life. 6. The wildlife at night is very dangerous, so you have to be (极其)careful. 7. Tom was badly hurt and still (失去知觉的)aftertheaccident. 8. After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 2o hours, the police sent out a (营救) team to look for them. 9. Studies indicate an increasing (威胁) from extreme weather, such as tornado. typhoon, drought, flooding, sandstorm, hailstorm, and so on. 10. Latest reports say that mudslides (理葬)the village II.单句语法填空 1. A team of medical workers were sent to tend to the (survive) of the earthauake 2. They said they did not want war, but if attacked they would fight to the (dead). 3. This study may contribute to treating (anxious) and stress better. 4. Jack left the job after ten years because he was beginning to feel (trap). 5. Seeing the (frighten) scene, the boy began to cry. 6. These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm 7. He went through a lot of (suffer) before new China was founded. 8. The number of people who were killed (reach) more than 5,ooo so far 0. (bury) in doing research on wild plants, he seldom returned home 10. It does serious harm to children's character that too much (violent) is shown on television. III.单句写作 1.People the big earthquake happened. 人们正在卧室睡觉,这时大地震发生了。 2. After the flooding: people in the area are clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 洪水过后,灾区人民急需干净的水、药和避难处活下去。 143 3. Some travellers the heavy snow, though most are reported to have been rescued by the police 虽然据报道大部分旅客已被警方救出,但是仍有一些旅客被困在大雪中。 4. Sometimes, smile is it can give those suffering disasters great courage. 有时候,微笑是如此强大,能给遭受灾难的人以极大的勇气 5. A rescue worker two tourists. 一个救援人员冒着生命危险救两个游客。 IV.话题微写作 A.根据提示完成句子。 1.我的朋友李华是一个很有潜力的人。(potentialabilities) 2.大学毕业后他被任命为一名消防队员。(appoint...as...) 3.一天下班后,他正要去购物,这时他发现一间房屋着火了。(breakout) 4.跑到现场,他匆匆地看了一下火情,穿过人群,不惊不慌地冲进燃烧的建筑物里。(glance through) 5.他冒着生命危险救出了被困的五个孩子。(risk) 6.他的英勇行为受到了同事和领导的表扬。(becauseof) B.将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文,注意书写规范。 144[话题词汇专练] 2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段“WhenI learned thatonly1 I.单句语法填空 pereent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected, I was 1. original 2. belief 3. celebration 4. admiration shocked.(当我得知澳大利亚只有百分之一的珊瑚海受到 5. Obviously 6. independent 7. to turn 8. agricultural 保护时,我很震惊。)”和“But sadly,only45%of the 9. energetic 10. reminder world's reefs are considered healthy.(但可悲的是,世界 II.选词填空 上只有45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康的。)”可知,作者很震 1. play a trick on 2. turned up 3. looking forward to 惊澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护,得知世界上只有 4. taken place 5. day and night 6. keep your word 45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康的,作者感到难过。由此推 7. dress up 8. set off 知澳大利亚海洋生物可能面临危险。故选C项。 II.单句写作 3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段”l'vebecome involvedwith 1. in celebration of/in honour of the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create 2. take place the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a 3. no matter how far away place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place 4. looking forward to; setting off forever.(我参与了“保护我们的珊瑚海”活动,该活动旨 5. when the whole family enjoy the full moon together 在创建世界上最大的海洋公园,它将成为海洋物种永远 IV.话题微写作 安全的地方。)”可知,该活动旨在创建世界上最大的海洋 A. 1. The Spring Festival alwavs reminds us of the family 公园,使之成为海洋物种永远安全的地方,防止更多海洋 reunion. 物种演临灭绝。故选B项。 2. There are all kinds of activities during the Spring 4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Together,Angusand1 Festival. created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to 3. Children especially look forward to the Spring Festival. be part of the movement.(Angus和我一起制作了一个小 4. It's also a good time for adults. 视频,我们希望它能激励人们成为这个活动的一部分。)” 5. They can express appreciation, make an apology or 可知,作者和Angus制作了一个小视频,希望它能激励人 forgive each other. 们成为“保护珊瑚海”活动的一部分,敦促更多的人采取 6. It is a pity that some people can't turn up at such a great 行动来保护海洋物种,防止更多海详物种溯临灭绝。故 festival for a variety of reasons. 选A项。 B.参考范文 B The Spring Festival always reminds us of the family 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了灰松鼠的危 reunion, when there are all kinds of activities. As a result. 害,和英国本土的红松鼠相比,它们更大更强壮,能抵抗松 children especially look forward to it. It's also a good time 鼠症病毒;清除灰松鼠面临的主要困难是缺乏技术。 for adults, when they can express appreciation, make an 5.A 主旨大意题,根据文章第一段“Greysquirrels are apology or forgive each other. However, it is a pity that also fond of the occasional bird's egg or the young bird. some people can't turn up at such a great festival for a and enjoy tearing and eating the bark of young broad leaf variety of reasons. trees, which can either kill the trees or leave them open 话题专练(十八) 人与自然、人与动物及 to infection. This, apart from affecting biodiversity and 自然灾害与防范 landscape, harms the wood industry.(灰松鼠也喜欢偶尔 I.阅读理解 的鸟蛋或雏鸟,喜欢撕扯和吃年轻的闹叶树的树皮,这可 A 能会杀死树或使它们容易感染。这除了影响生物多样性 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,作者在澳大利亚长大,喜 和景观外,还损害了木材工业。)”可知文章第一段主要讲 欢海洋的美丽和众多的海洋生物。当得知澳大利亚海洋生 解了灰松鼠的危害。故选A项。 物面临危险时,作者采取行动,参与了“保护珊瑚海”活动, 6.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theyare largerand 并号召更多人保护海洋物种。 stronger, and resistant to squirrel pox virus. while reds 1.D 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Idon't think Ican recalla arenot.(它们更大更强壮,能抵抗松鼠瘟病毒,而红松鼠 time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean. 则不行。)”可知它们的身体素质使灰松鼠战胜了红松鼠。 Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having 故选D项。 the seaatmyside.(我想在我的记忆中,没有哪一段时间 7.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Themainissue in 我没有意识到海洋的美丽。我在澳大利亚长大,幸运的 Britain was thought to be more technological than legal 是有大海在我身边。)”可知,作者一直都觉得海洋很美 designing a drug that targets only grey squirrels to 丽,在澳大利亚长大,很幸运身边有大海。结合下文内容 prevent theirbreeding.(在英国,主要的问题被认为是技 中,作者描述了澳大利亚美丽的海洋和动植物,由此推知 术而不是法律,设计一种只针对灰松鼠的药物来阻止它 作者到达HalfMoonBay后感受到了它的美,对Hal 们繁殖。)”可知在英国清除灰松鼠的主要困难是缺乏技 MoonBay有美好的印象。故选D项。 术。故选D项。 209 8.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Greysquirrelshave be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike now been here for nearly 15o years. They do actively in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can threaten another species in Britain. There is a strong enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by argument that ecosystems change.(灰松鼠已经在这里生 walking along a fountain on their lunch break,(命名每 活了近150年。它们确实在积极威胁着英国的另一种物 一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言,这有助于人们认 种。生态系统会发生变化,这是一个强有力的论点。)”可 识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。 知作者对禁止饷养灰松鼠的态度是赞成的。故选C项。 例如,沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人 C 士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以 市中心,他们可以在午休时沿着泉散步,享受一种更 接触到自然,但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类 居家的互动方式。)”可知,本段讲述了自然体验创造一 健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公 种可用的语言,有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满 园的游客进行调查,发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一 意最有意义的活动,接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与 种可用的语言,帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义 自然的方式举例说明,去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到 的活动,该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。 满意,回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得 9.B 节理解题。根据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwith 满足,因此推知,从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样 growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas 的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C项。 is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might 12.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“·We'retryingto be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着域市的 interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to 飞速发展,生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自 happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can 然。如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖 interact with it.' said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the 珍公园,但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。)”可 study.(我们正试图创造一种语言,帮助将人类与自然 知,文章开头作者讲述了一种现象,在城市里,人们很难 的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点,我们还 我到野生的自然。故选B项。 需要保护自然,这样我们才能与它互动,'该研究的资深 10.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyedseveral 作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断,彼得·卡恩认为在我们 hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written 与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然,故选B项。 summary online of a meaningful interaction they had D with nature in the park. The researchers then examined 语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了年轻女孩亚历克 these submissions, coding(编 码) experiences into 西亚竭尽全力领导志愿者团队应对气候危机。 different categories.(他们调查了数百名公园游客,要求 13.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的:“At anearlyage. 他们在网上提交一份书面总结,描述他们在公园里与大 she saw the pollution and health consequences and 自然有意义的互动。然后,研究人员检查了这些提交的 realized they were having a big effect on her health and 信息,将体验分为不同的类别。)”可知,研究人员按照公 growth, and this set off her interest in becoming a social 园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分 environmentalactivist.”可知,在很小的时候,她就看到 类,再根据第四段“Aeross the320 submissions,a 了污染和健康的后果,并意识到它们对她的健康和成长 pattern of categories the researchers call a 'nature 产生了巨大影响,这也激发了她成为一名社会环境活动 language' began to emerge. After the coding of all 家的兴趣。故选D项。 submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most 14.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...sheco-founded often as important to visitors.(在这320份提交的作品 two nonprofits”以及"engaging student volunteers to 中,一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出 make climate education public."和“had poisonous tank 现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后,有六个类别被认 farms(油罐 区)relocated away from residential 为对游客最重要。)”可知,研究人员对参与者提交的内容 neighborhoods.”故选D项。 进行了分类,以便在游客的总结中找到模式,并确定对游 15.B 词义猜测题。根据题干:“What does the underlined 客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做,他们能够创造一种 phrase "push the envelope" in Paragraph 3 refer to?"定 “自然语言”,帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和 位到划线短语后的:“Alexia made herself worthy of the 最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选 award by demonstrating what a youngster could create D项。 with new ideas and her ongoing efforts in the feld.(亚历 11.C 推理判断题,根据第五段内容“Naming eachnature 克西亚证明了一个年轻人可以用新的想法和她在这个 experience creates a usable language, which helps 领域的持续努力创造出什么,这让她当之无愧。)。故选 people recognize and take part in the activities that are B项。 most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example. 16.A 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段中的:“Igrewup the experience of walking along the edge of water might with a very collectivist belief and this is what I have 210 been impressing on the communily”和“A key concept 与do之间是被动关系,根据第一个宾语从句thatthe underpins all of Alexia's effort:"以及" I seek to country will establish a monitoring system for develop my educational leadership skills.”故选A项。 endangered animals and make an action plan to save II.语法填空 them的时态,第二个宾语从句也应用将来时,此处应使 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了中国加大了保 用一般将来时的被动语态,故填willbedone。 护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度,采取措施治理工农业 III.读后续写 污染物,保护草地和温地。 参考范文 1.in 考查介词。句意:中国加大了保护和恢复长江周边环 So we got to Brady and I said,"Well, this is the end 境的玫策力度,采取了一系列措施来治理工农业污染物, of my line," He looked at me with gratitude in his eyes and 保护草原和湿地。分析句子可知,空格处构成固定短语 thanked me again for the ride. As he stepped out of the car. put sth. in place-put in place sth.实施,实现,把....放 I couldn't help but think of his story and struggle for life. So 到合适的位置,故填in。 I added,"When we stop, I'm going to give you some money 2.jointly 考查副词。句意:由17个中央政府部门联合发 too so it will be some help on your way." This is a decision 布的一份政策文件承诺优先努力,并采取保护长江流域 I had subeonsciously made in this instance. 地区的综合方式。分析句子可知,空格后released为非谓 As I mentioned, I told him I was going to give hin 语动词作定语,应使用副词修饰released,故填jointly。 some money, He looked at me with gratitude in his eyes and 3.comprehensive 考查形容词。句意同上题。分析句子可 said,"Thank you, but I don't need your money. Just your 知,空格处应使用形容词修饰名词way。comprehensive kindness and conversation were enough for me."As we said 综合的,全面的,故填comprehensive。 our goodbyes, I couldn't help but feel a sense of admiration 4. declining 考查形容词。句意:该政策文件遵循了政府在 for this man. Despite the hardships he had faced, he carried 2020年颁布的10年长江捕鱼禁令,以应对生物多样性的 himself with grace and a genuine love for others. He taugh 下降。分析句子可知,空格处作定语修饰biodiversity,形 me that sometimes, the most valuable gift we can give 容词declining越来越少的、不断下降的,形容词作定语. someone is our time and understanding. decliningbiodiversity不断下降的生物多样性,故填 [话题词汇专练] declining. I.单词拼写 5.hasemerged 考查动词时态。句意:尽管长江水质有所 1. destroyed 2. shelter 3. potential 4. disaster 改善,但近年来非点源污染的增加仍是一个主要问题。 5. electricity 6. extremely 7. unconscious 8. rescue 分析句子可知,空格处是谓语部分,根据时间状语in 9. threat 10. buried recentyears应使用现在完成时,主语是therise,是单数 II.单句语法填空 形式,故填has emerged. 1. survivors 2. death 3. anxiety 4. trapped 6.which考查非限定性定语从句。句意:该文件强调需要 5. frightening 6. injured 7. sufferings 8. has reached 一个系统的方法,这将需要建立长期机制来防止被污染 9. Buried 10. violence 水体的回归,分析句子可知,空格处是非限定性定语从 III.单句写作 句引导词,先行词是asystemicapproach,非限定性定语 1. were sleeping in the bedroom wher 从句缺少主语,故填which。 2. in urgent need of 7. higher 考查形容词比较级。句意:污染治理是另一个优 3. are still trapped in 先事项,因为政府希望对化工厂排放的污染物进行更严 4. so powerful that 格的控制,并提倡化肥和农药的更高的使用效率。根据 5. risked his life saving 上文tighter,可知此处空格应填形容词比较级,故填 IV.话题微写作 higher. A. 1. My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential 8.Torestore 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了恢复长江水生 abilities. 生物的多样性,该文件说,国家将建立一个颜危动物的监 2. After graduating from college, he was appointed as a 测系统,并制定拯救它们的行动计划,还需要做更多的工 firefighter. 作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知,空格处应填不 3. One day after work, he was about to go shopping when 定式表示目的。“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”,位于 he found a fire broke out in a house. 句首首字母大写,故填Torestore。 4. Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of 9.an 考查冠词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,空格处缺 the fire. he made his way through the crowd without 少冠词泛指“一个行动计划”,action开头发音是元音,构 panic, and went into the burning building. 成固定短语make an action plan制定行动计划,故填an。 5. Risking his own life. he saved five children trapped in the 10.willbedone 考查动词时态语态。句意同第8题。分 fire. 析句子可知,that more work 1o (do) to enhance the 6. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his connectivity of rivers为says的第二个宾语从句。work colleagues and leader. 211 B.参考范文 用猎鹰重型和星舰火箭进行太空发射会减少成本。故选 My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential A项。 abilities. After graduating from college, he was appointed 8. A 推理判新题。根据第六段WhileEarth-basedsolar as a firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go farms are unable to generate electricity in the dark. shopping when he found a fire broke out in a house. space-based panels can harvest the sun's energy Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of continuously.可知太空中太阳能发电场可以在黑暗中获 the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic. 取太阳的能量,持续发电。故选A项。 and went into the burning building, Risking his own life, he C saved five children trapped in the fire. Because of his heroic 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的银河系中心的 behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader. 黑羽正在合并。这些神奇的字宙结构几乎存在于每个星系 话题专练(十九) 地球宇宙奥秘探索 的中心,它们消耗光和物质,用传统的望远镜是不可能看到 I.阅读理解 的。但现在,天体物理学家第一次直接从这些巨大的字宙 A 结构中收集到知识,这些结构以引力波的形式在空间和时 语篇解读 本篇是一篇记叙文,介绍了肯尼亚天文学家 间中传播。 SusanMurabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。 9.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thesemagic 1.C 根据设问定位到第二段“The Star Safari is organised universal structures at the heart of nearly every galaxy by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has consume light and matter and are impossible to see with brought a 5o kg, 17o cm-long telescope to allow the traditionaltelescopes.(这些神奇的字宙结构几乎位于每 group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in 个星系的中心,它们消耗光和物质,用传统的望远镜是不 可能看到的。)”可知,用传统的望远镜是不可能看到黑 Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid 洞,因此阻止了科学家研究黑洞。故选B项。 meteors-visible with the naked eye"可知以前是这架望 10.D 推理判断题,根据文章第二段“Anyobjectwith 远镜让大家观察天体,而这次因为污染少流星雨用裸眼 可以看见从而抢了望远镜的风头。故选C项。 mass that is moving causes these waves - invisible 2. B 根据设问定位到第三段“They primarily targets bending in time and space that were first theorized by Albert Einstein in 1916 but not detected until roughly schools in remote areas because of her mission to give 100 years later. In 2o15, scientists used the ground girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to based Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave her”可知Murabana主要针对偏远地区的孩子尤其是女 孩,为的是激发她们对天文学的兴趣。故选B项。 Observatory to detect how short, high-frequency gravitational waves from one merger between less 3.D 根据设问定位到倒数第二段“Ifanoutreachgroup massive black holes move around the Earth by less than had come to me when I was a young teenager, my the width of a single subatomic particle(任何质量移动 attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been 的物体都会引起这些波一一时间和空间上看不见的育 positive. I ended up studying sociology and economics. 曲,这是由爱因斯坦在1916年提出的,但直到大约100 but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer"可知 年后才被发现。2015年,科学家们利用地面激光干涉引 她后悔当年十几岁的时候没有早点选择天文学。故选 力波天文台探测质量较小黑洞合并产生的短高频引力 D项。 波在地球上的移动幅度小于单个亚原子粒子的宽度。)” 4.C 本篇主要介绍了肯尼亚天文学家SusanMurabana致 可知,本段主要讲解黑洞研究的两个突破。故选D项。 力于向人们普及天文学的故事。故选C项。 11.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Butnow,forthe B first time, astrophysicists have gathered knowledge 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。字航员Peake说,在大空 directly from these huge universal structures, in the 中建太阳能发电场是行得通的。 form of gravitational waves that move around through 5.B 推理判断题。作者写第一段是为了引出本文的话题: spaceandtime.(但现在,天体物理学家第一次直接从这 在太空中建太阳能发电场是行得通的,故选B项。 些巨大的宇宙结构中收集知识,以引力波的形式在空间 6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后两句Itboilsdown 和时间中移动。)”第二段“Essential to these findings is to hard numbers at the end of the day. Launching the detection of complicated gravitational waves, and thousands of tons of hardware into low Earth orbit is understanding how they are produced.(这些发现的关键 becoming absolutelyviable.可知,作者在第三,四段列举 是探测复杂的引力波,并了解它们是如何产生的。)”以 一系列的数据是为了证明solar farms inspace计划的可 及倒数第二段“Before now,we didn't even know if 行性。故选B项。 supermassive black holes merged, and now we have 7.A 推理判断题。根据第五段Unlike previouslaunchers. evidence that hundreds of thousands of them are they are reusable and designed to return to Earth merging, saidChiaraMingarelli(在此之前,我们甚至不 undamaged. This means there is no need to construct a 知道超大质量黑洞是否合并,而现在我们有证据表明, new rocket for each launch, bringing costs down 可知,使 成千上万的黑洞正在合并,ChiaraMingarelli说)”可知, 212