专题11 语法填空（记叙文&说明文）-【好题汇编】五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)

专题11 语法填空 五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用) 考点 五年考情分布 考点1 生活故事 2023新课标II卷--动物园教英语;(记叙文) 2022新课标全国II—修理工救坠落孩子;(记叙文) 2021新课标II卷—保护海洋减少塑料努力;(记叙文) 2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子变迁;(记叙文) 考点2 人与社会--历史文化 2024新课标I卷--古丝绸之路和 “丝路花园”互鉴(说明文) 2024新课标II卷—汤显祖和莎士比亚互鉴(说明文) 2023新课标I卷—美食小笼包(说明文) 2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(说明文) 2022新课标全国I卷—大熊猫国家公园(说明文) 2021新课标I卷—黄山美景惹人醉(说明文) 2020新课标卷—博物馆作用和挑战(说明文) 考点3 人与社会--科学技术 2024浙江1月卷—商家促销(说明文) 2022年浙江6月卷—给盲人展示触觉画(说明文) 2022年浙江1月卷—减少飞行应对气候挑战(说明文) 2021浙江1月卷—体重指数变化背后(说明文) 2020浙江6月卷—农业发展史(说明文) 2020浙江1月卷—人口老龄化(说明文) 一、命题取向 语法填空的命题形式可分为两大类，一大类是有提示词的题，语篇留出的10个空中有提示词的大约是6到7个。括号中的提示词常是实词，即名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。考生需要综合运用各项语言知识技能，特别是灵活运用各项语法知识和词汇转换技巧，结合文章意思，才能用所给词的适当形式填空。在这几类词中，考查频率较高的是动词，其次为形容词以及名词。 二、技巧点拨 1、动词 (1)谓语动词 一般考查1-2个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从3个方面考虑：时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后，还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。 (2)非谓语动词 一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。 2、形容词、副词 命题主要围绕两点：一是形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；二是构词，如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un, dis, in,im,ir,il等否定前缀。 3、名词 除动词变名词的词性转换外，名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。 4、代词 考查代词时有时会给出提示词，这种情况多考查人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)以及反身代词。 考点1 生活故事 1.2023新课标II卷--动物园教英语(记叙文) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 38 ? Not the pandas, even though 39 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 2. 2022新课标全国II—修理工救坠落孩子(记叙文) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56 (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. 57 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 58 (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. When he looked down, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 61 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 65 to thank him.” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 3. 2021新课标II卷—保护海洋减少塑料努力(记叙文) I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57 (think)it is food. I decided to do something 58 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 59 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 60 emailed its president. I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 62 (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 64 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 4. 2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子变迁(记叙文) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard. 64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their furniture. 考点2 人与社会--历史文化 1. 2024新课标I卷--古丝绸之路和 “丝路花园”互鉴(说明文) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 2. 2024新课标II卷—汤显祖和莎士比亚互鉴(说明文) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___(theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___(find)the connection between the two great writers. ___64___(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ___65___ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 3. 2023新课标I卷—美食小笼包(说明文) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time. 4. 2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(说明文) During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 5. 2022新课标全国I卷—大熊猫国家公园(说明文) The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 6. 2021新课标I卷—黄山美景惹人醉(说明文) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit! 7. 2020新课标卷—博物馆作用和挑战(说明文) Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___56___(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___57___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___58___(form) the core collection of the British Museum ___59___ opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public ___60___(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___61___(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ___62___(they) living at a different time in history or ___63___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___64___(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ___65___ people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 考点3 人与社会--科学技术 1. 2024浙江1月卷—商家促销(说明文) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions(份). Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 2. 2022年浙江6月卷—给盲人展示触觉画(说明文) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 56 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57 (do). John Olson, a former 58 (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to 59 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层) is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 65 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 3. 2022年浙江1月卷—减少飞行应对气候挑战(说明文) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 57 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 58 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60 (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 64 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding", she says, "a really positive change." 4. 2021浙江1月卷—体重指数变化背后(说明文) In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 5. 2020浙江6月卷—农业发展史(说明文) Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives. By about 6000 BC, people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ___62___ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ___64___ rise of science, changes began. New methods ___65___(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 6. 2020浙江1月卷—人口老龄化 Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 56 (be) 30—today it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58 (number) are more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven 59 two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before. This is 62 (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 63 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 64 (place) on longevity(长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier 65 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 语法填空 五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用) 考点 五年考情分布 考点1 生活故事 2023新课标II卷--动物园教英语;(记叙文) 2022新课标全国II—修理工救坠落孩子;(记叙文) 2021新课标II卷—保护海洋减少塑料努力;(记叙文) 2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子变迁;(记叙文) 考点2 人与社会--历史文化 2024新课标I卷--古丝绸之路和 “丝路花园”互鉴(说明文) 2024新课标II卷—汤显祖和莎士比亚互鉴(说明文) 2023新课标I卷—美食小笼包(说明文) 2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(说明文) 2022新课标全国I卷—大熊猫国家公园(说明文) 2021新课标I卷—黄山美景惹人醉(说明文) 2020新课标卷—博物馆作用和挑战(说明文) 考点3 人与社会--科学技术 2024浙江1月卷—商家促销(说明文) 2022年浙江6月卷—给盲人展示触觉画(说明文) 2022年浙江1月卷—减少飞行应对气候挑战(说明文) 2021浙江1月卷—体重指数变化背后(说明文) 2020浙江6月卷—农业发展史(说明文) 2020浙江1月卷—人口老龄化(说明文) 一、命题取向 语法填空的命题形式可分为两大类，一大类是有提示词的题，语篇留出的10个空中有提示词的大约是6到7个。括号中的提示词常是实词，即名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。考生需要综合运用各项语言知识技能，特别是灵活运用各项语法知识和词汇转换技巧，结合文章意思，才能用所给词的适当形式填空。在这几类词中，考查频率较高的是动词，其次为形容词以及名词。 二、技巧点拨 1、动词 (1)谓语动词 一般考查1-2个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从3个方面考虑：时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后，还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。 (2)非谓语动词 一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。 2、形容词、副词 命题主要围绕两点：一是形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；二是构词，如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un, dis, in,im,ir,il等否定前缀。 3、名词 除动词变名词的词性转换外，名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。 4、代词 考查代词时有时会给出提示词，这种情况多考查人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)以及反身代词。 考点1 生活故事 1.2023新课标II卷--动物园教英语(记叙文) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 38 ? Not the pandas, even though 39 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】36. arrival 37. confident 38. with 39. the 40. visiting 41. interviews 42. why 43. Basically 44. and 45. wished 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。 36.考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 37.考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 38.考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。 39.考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 40.考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 41.考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 42.考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 43.考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 44.考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 45.考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 2. 2022新课标全国II—修理工救坠落孩子(记叙文) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56 (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. 57 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 58 (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. When he looked down, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 61 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 65 to thank him.” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 【答案】56. falling 57. The 58. asleep 59. to see 60. accidentally 61. and 62. was fixing 63. threw 64. son's 65. how 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。 56.考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 57.考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。 58.考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。 59.考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。)，故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 60.考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 61.考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 62.考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 63.考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。 64.考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 65.考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 3. 2021新课标II卷—保护海洋减少塑料努力(记叙文) I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57 (think)it is food. I decided to do something 58 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 59 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 60 emailed its president. I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 62 (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 64 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】56. seventh 57. thinking 58. to educate 59. which/that 60. and 61. harmful 62. excited 63. was 64. representative 65. from 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 56.考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。 57.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____57____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。 58.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____58____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。 59.考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____59____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 60.考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。 61.考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。 62.考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。 63.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 64.考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 65.考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。 4. 2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子变迁(记叙文) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard. 64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their furniture. 【答案】56. has proved/has proven 57. for 58. marriage 59. smaller 60. was painted 61. herself 62. neither 63. to plant 64. The 65. sold 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。 56.考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 57.考查介词。句意：1866年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1862年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。 58.考查名词。句意：1866年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1862年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 59.考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。 60.考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 61.考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。62.考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 63.考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。 64.考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。 65.考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 考点2 人与社会--历史文化 1. 2024新课标I卷--古丝绸之路和 “丝路花园”互鉴(说明文) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61 the 62. favorites 63. as 64. which/that 65. richness 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 56.考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 57.考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 58.考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 59.考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 60.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 61.考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 62.考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 63.考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 64.考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 65.考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 2. 2024新课标II卷—汤显祖和莎士比亚互鉴(说明文) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___(theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___(find)the connection between the two great writers. ___64___(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ___65___ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】56. who 57. themes 58. were 59. to 60. inspired 61. was built 62. visibility 63. to find 64. Recalling 65. and 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 56. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 57. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 59. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 61. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 62. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 65. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 3. 2023新课标I卷—美食小笼包(说明文) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time. 【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted 42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 36.考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 37.考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 38.考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 39.考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 40.考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 41.考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 42.考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 43.考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。 44.考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 45.考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 4. 2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(说明文) During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】56. and 57. originally 58. surrounded 59. were permitted 60. featured 61. spacious 62.simpler 63. as 64. events 65. the 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 56.考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 57.考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 58.考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 59.考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 60.考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 61.考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 62.考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 63.考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 64.考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 65.考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 5. 2022新课标全国I卷—大熊猫国家公园(说明文) The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】56.Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed 61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 56.考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 57.考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。 58.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 59.考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。 60.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 61.考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。 62.考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。 63.考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 64.考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。 65.考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 6. 2021新课标I卷—黄山美景惹人醉(说明文) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit! 【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished 61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。去游览黄山让作者想起了披头士流行的歌曲“蜿蜒长路”。如果到中国，黄山应该是必游之地。 56. 考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用What。 57. 考查名词。与主语we是同位语，所以用复数。 58. 考查副词。修饰动词help，用副词形式。 59. 考查形容词。此处相当于“the more..., the more...”结构，意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。 60. 考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astonished。 61. 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 62. 考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系，所以用and。 63. 考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。 64. 考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”，此处相当于“in my memory”，所以用mine代替my memory。 65. 考查冠词。a must意为“一处必须去的地方”。 7. 2020新课标卷—博物馆作用和挑战(说明文) Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___56___(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___57___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___58___(form) the core collection of the British Museum ___59___ opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public ___60___(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___61___(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ___62___(they) living at a different time in history or ___63___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___64___(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ___65___ people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 【答案】56. wealthy 57. or 58. formed 59. which/that 60. are called 61. is 62. themselves 63. walking 64. accuracy 65. for 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。 56. 考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。 57. 考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。 58. 考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 59. 考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 60. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 61. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。 62. 考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。 63. 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。 64. 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 65. 考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。 考点3 人与社会--科学技术 1. 2024浙江1月卷—商家促销(说明文) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions(份). Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【答案】56. to benefit 57. or 58. that/which 59. what 60. criticism 61. be offered 62. have started 63. designed 64. the 65. ones 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。 56. 考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 57. 考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 58. 考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 59. 考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 60. 考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 61. 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 62. 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 63. 考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 64. 考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 65. 考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 2. 2022年浙江6月卷—给盲人展示触觉画(说明文) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 56 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57 (do). John Olson, a former 58 (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to 59 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层) is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 65 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 【答案】56. be appreciated 57. to do 58. photographer 59. the 60. existing 61. sighted 62. at 63. noticed 64. independence 65. and 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。 56.考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 57.考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 58.考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。 59.考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。 60.考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。 61.考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。 62.考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。 63.考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 64.考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。故填independence。 65.考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。 3. 2022年浙江1月卷—减少飞行应对气候挑战(说明文) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 57 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 58 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60 (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 64 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding", she says, "a really positive change." 【答案】56. who/that 57. is viewed/has been viewed 58. are 59. changing 60. roughly 61. have promised 62. whether/if 63. the 64. invitation 65. to continue 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 56. 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 57. 考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 59.考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 60. 考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。 61. 考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 62. 考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 63. 考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。 64. 考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 65. 考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 4. 2021浙江1月卷—体重指数变化背后(说明文) In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 【答案】56. and 57. that/which 58. person’s 59. is considered 60. by 61. was 62. studied 63. sharply 64. Living 65. lower 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在200个国家进行的一项有关33年来体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家发现全世界的人都变得越来越重，增长的主要原因是农村地区体重指数的增加。 56.考查连词。科学家们发现，世界各地的人们越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区BMI的增加。设空处连接两个并列成分，前后均为that引导的宾语从句，故填and。 57.考查定语从句。句意：BMI是国际公认的测量工具，它能显示一个人的体重是否健康。先行词tool指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。. 58.考查名词所有格。它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方。根据句意可知，空后的名词weight与person之间是所属关系，故填person’s。 59.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。BM在19到25之间被认为是健康的。句中第一个and连接并列句，故设空处为谓语动词，由is calculated可知此处为一般现在时；分句主语是a BML，故用单数；a BMI与consider是被动关系，故填is considered。 60.考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年，农村女性和男性的平均BM增加了2.l。increase by“增加了多少”，故填by。 61.考查主谓一致和时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性的指数增加了1.3，男性的增加了1.6。主语为the gain，故谓语动词用单数；根据上文的increased可知，时态为一般过去时，故填was。 62.考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMI值高于农村地区的男性和女性的BMI值。本句中谓语动词是had，故设空处是用来作后置定语修饰countries的，两者间是被动关系，表示完成的动作，故填studied。 63.考查词性转换。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。副词修饰动词had narrowed，故填sharply 64.考查非谓语动词。这可能是由于生活在农村的人的一些不利条件。设空处作后置定语修饰people，两者之间是主动关系，故填living。 65.考查形容词比较级。根据后面的higher、fewer可知，设空处填lower。 5. 2020浙江6月卷—农业发展史(说明文) Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives. By about 6000 BC, people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ___62___ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ___64___ rise of science, changes began. New methods ___65___(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 【答案】56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed 60. to change 61. had discovered 62. seasons 63. making 64. the 65. meant. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。 56. 考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。 57. 考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 58. 考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。 59. 考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。 60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。 61. 考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered. 62. 考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。 63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。 64. 考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。 65. 考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。 6. 2020浙江1月卷—人口老龄化 Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 56 (be) 30—today it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58 (number) are more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven 59 two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before. This is 62 (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 63 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 64 (place) on longevity(长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier 65 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. 【答案】56. was 57.to increase 58.numbers 59.by 60. compared 61.older 62. particularly 63.a 64. be placed 65. and 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文字介绍了全世界范围内人口老龄化现象日益严重，并分析导致人口老龄化的两个因素。 56.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合上文的主语age可知，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，同时根据in 1950可知,此处用一般过去时。故填was。 57.考查固定用法。此处考查固定用法sb./sth. is. expected to do sth. 预计某人/某物做某事。故填to increase。 58.考查名词的数。根据谓语动词are可知主语应该用复数。故填numbers。 59.考查介词的用法。此句为被动语态,介词by的宾语是动作的执行者。故填by。 60.考查非谓语动词。结合句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词，且主语old generations和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。填compared。compared to/with 意为“....相比”。故填compared。 61.考查形容词的比较级。根据than before可知此处用比较级。这里意为“比以前更加年老”。故填older。 62.考查词形转换。该词修饰形容词true,应用副词。故填particularly(尤其)。故填particularly。 63.考查冠词的用法。根据下文的chance 可知,这里表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。have a(n)... chance of意为“有....的可能性”。故填a。 64.考查动词的语态。place 和主语attention之间是被动关系,又因空前的情态动词should。故填be placed。 65.考查连词的用法。healthier 和more productive是并列关系,故填and。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$