精品解析：山东省烟台市芝罘区（五四制）多校联考2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题

初三英语 阶段检测练习题 温馨提示： 1. 本试卷满分90分；考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 2. 答题前，务必用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置上。 3. 选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 4. 非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内相应位置；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。 5. 在试卷上和答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A During the Warring States period, there was a man called Lu Ban. He was good at making all kinds of woody tools. Carpenters (木匠) respect him as an ancestor master (祖师) . One day, a young carpenter came in front of a red gate. He held up his axe (斧子) and said, “My axe is really good. I can make the greatest tools in the world with it.” Hearing this, people around here all laughed. A man pointed to the red gate and asked, “So, can you make a more beautiful gate than this one?” “That’s so easy! I was a student of Lu Ban before! Making a similar gate is like a piece of cake!” the young man said arrogantly (傲慢地). “But you’re standing in front of Lu Ban’s home, the gate was made by Lu Ban!” All people said. The young carpenter was embarrassed and ran away. 1. Who was Lu Ban? A. He was a great artist that was good at painting. B. He was a master who could make all kinds of woody tools. C. He was a carpenter who was always arrogant. D. He was a young carpenter who had a really good axe. 2. What do you think of the young carpenter? A. He was so clever that he could make the greatest tools. B. It was easy for him to make a more beautiful gate. C. He was not an honest man and he wasn’t a student of Lu Ban. D. He was good at making tools although he was arrogant. 3. What is the best title of this passage? A. Teaching Fish to Swim B. Covering Ears to Steal a Bell C. Learning to Walk in Handan D. Making a Mark on the Boat B The year 2022 marks the 95th anniversary (周年) of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA). On 27 July, 2022, Chinese leader presented the August 1 Medal to three military (军队) service members. Let’s meet the year’s winners! Nie Haisheng Nie Haisheng has carried out the Shenzhou-6, Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. Nie and his two teammates became the first people to live and work in China’s Tiangong space station for three months. He won the title of “hero astronaut” after the Shenzhou-6 mission. In 1998, Nie joined the country’s first team of astronauts. Even though he is more experienced than the younger astronauts, he had the same hard training. He trained for over six hours underwater, wearing a 160-kg protection suit. Qian Qihu Qian Qihu, 85, is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院). He has spent over 60 years studying modern defense engineering (防护工程). He helped China build an “Underground Steel Great Wall”. In 2019, Qian won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖). Later, he gave away all his prize of eight million yuan to help poor children go to school. Du Fuguo It was on 11 October, 2018. Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance (扫雷) action in Yunnan. Suddenly, a grenade (手榴弹) exploded. Du tried to protect his teammate, but he lost his hands and eyes forever. In the past three years before the accident, he entered minefields more than 1, 000 times. He had removed more than 150 tons of bombs, 2, 400 land mines (地雷) and dealt with over 20 emergency situations. The 31-year-old soldier shines in other fields as well. He hosts a radio show about reading. He tries to help poor people fight poverty (贫穷). He also shares his story to encourage people. 4. What does the underlined word “emergency” mean in Chinese? A. 安全的 B. 乐观的 C. 紧急的 D. 平稳的 5. Nie Haisheng won the title of “hero astronaut” _________. A. before his first mission to space B. after his first mission to space C. before the Shenzhou-10 mission D. after the Shenzhou-12 mission 6. How did Du Fuguo lose his hands and eyes? A. He got injured in a war. B. He happened to step on a grenade. C. Over 150 tons of bombs exploded and hurt him. D. He tried to protect teammates during a mine clearance. 7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Qian Qihu studied modern defense engineering for more than 80 years. B. Qian Qihu gave away eight million yuan to help people in poor areas. C. Qian Qihu helped Russia build an “Underground Steel Great Wall”. D. Qian Qihu won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. C Many people think of a bully (欺凌者) as one person pushing or hitting another, but bullying is not only physical. When I was in a junior high school, the girls in my class would laugh at me or ask questions designed (设计好的) to embarrass me. Once a girl looked at me and shouted loudly, “I don’t want to sit next to her!” Their comments (评论) didn’t hurt me physically, but they did make me sad. Bullying is a common problem in schools, and some adults even have to deal with it at work. But everyone can take actions to stop it. Be kind You may not think of yourself as a bully, but do you make jokes at others? If others aren’t laughing, your words or actions may hurt more than you think. Many bullies were once victims (受害者) of bullying and now bully others to feel powerful. If that’s you, don’t hurt others, but treat others well. Being kind can truly make you powerful. Speak up If you notice one person bullying another, please tell them to stop. Many bullies are motivated (刺激) by a desire to look cool, so if you tell them that they are not cool, then they’ll stop. Be confident If you’re being bullied, don’t try to face it alone, but ask a parent or other trusted adults for help. Similarly, in places where bullying happens, stay close to a friend since bullies often target people who are alone. When you’re being bullied, walk away calmly (镇静地). If you don’t seem scared, the bully may lose interest in you. Remember that what is happening is not your mistake. You are valuable (宝贵的) for who you are. 8. Why did the girl say “I don’t want to sit next to her”? A. Because she is trying to express her love to the author. B. Because she is trying to hurt the author’s feeling. C. Because she is trying to show her voice. D. Because she was mad at the author. 9. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Bullying is a common problem in schools. B. Try to face it alone while being bullied. C. What happens to you is always your mistake. D. There is no bullying among adults. 10. If you were bullied before, what is the right way to make yourself powerful according to the passage? A. By bullying others. B. By keeping silent. C. By being kind. D. By fighting back. 11. What can you do when you see a person bullying another? A. You can stay where you are. B. You can argue with them. C. You can try to stop them. D. You can stay close to a friend. D What is the far side of the moon like? Dark cold and empty. But it will soon have a visitor—China’s Chang’e 6 probe (探测器). The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples from the moon’s far side. The probe was launched successfully from Hainan on May 3. Humans have done 10 missions (任务) to the moon to bring back moon samples, including China’s Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. However, all these missions so far have visited the side of the moon that faces Earth. Because the moon turns at the same speed as it circles Earth, we can never see the far side of the moon. This makes it hard to stay in contact with any spacecraft that goes there. To help the Chang’e 6 space probe “talk” to Earth China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back. The Chang’e 6 probe also has new smart tools to help it collect samples better. “Even if the probe loses contact with Earth, it can do important work by itself,” Wang Qiong, deputy chief designer of the Chang’e 6 mission. The Chang’e 6 mission to the moon will take 53 days. During this time, the probe will go into orbit (轨道) around the moon and land in a place called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. It is a huge crater (撞击坑) on the far side of the moon. There, it will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth. Scientists will study these samples to learn more about the moon. 12. How is Chang’e 6’s mission different from other missions before it? A. People can see where the probe works from Earth. B. The mission will start from the moon’s near side. C. The probe will bring back stone and soil samples. D. The probe will work on the far side of the moon. 13. What is the role of Queqiao 2? A. Sending the Chang’e 6 probe into orbit. B. Moving between Earth and the moon. C. Acting as a bridge between Earth and Chang’e 6. D. Helping people on Earth talk on the phone better. 14. Why is challenging (挑战性) to communicate with a spacecraft on the far side of the moon? A. The far side is always dark and cold. B. The far side is out of sight from Earth, making communication difficult. C. The Chang’e 6 probe does not have the necessary communication tools. D. The South Pole-Aitken Basin blocks (阻碍) communication signals. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Chang’e 6 mission will last over two months. B. Astronauts will collect 2 kilograms of moon samples. C. The Chang’e 6 mission makes a great achievement in lunar exploration (探索). D. The Chang’e 6 probe completely depends on people’s control. 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 That summer, Anne and her friends often played in an old boat on the river. “Today, let’s imagine that I’m a prisoner (囚犯) and I’m escaping from prison by boat,” said Anne. “___16___ You’re my family, and you must meet me at the bridge.” ___17___ Her friends pushed the boat off down the river and ran across the fields to get round to the bridge. For a few minutes, the prisoner enjoyed the game, but then she suddenly felt wet and sat up. Water was coming in very fast through a hole in the bottom of the boat! ___18___ She jumped up and caught the branch. The boat went on without her and a few seconds later went down under the water. ___19___ “Oh! Oh! Anne’s dead! The boat’s gone down and she’s in the river!” they screamed, and ran back to the village for help. Poor Anne could not move. ___20___ Suddenly, there was Gilbert Blythe in his boat! “Anne Shirley!” he cried. “What are you doing there?” He did not wait for an answer, but quickly helped Anne into his boat. (选自《绿山墙的安妮》) A. Her friends on the bridge saw the boat, but they did not see Anne under the tree. B. Suddenly, Anne found another boat and she tried to get on it. C. The other girls agreed, so Anne got into the boat and hid under some coats. D. I’ll hide in the boat and the river will carry it down to the bridge. E. She held on and held on, but her arms were getting tired and she knew that she would fall in a minute. F. Luckily, there were some trees by the river and Anne saw a low branch over the water. 第二部分 语言知识应用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Baduanjin Exercise for Children (《少儿八段锦》) is a new book for children to do exercise. It is the very first of its kind. The book introduces one of the most popular ___21___ Chinese fitness (健身) exercises. Ba means “eight”, duan means “pieces” and jin means something beautiful like silk. There are eight movements in total. People are like beautiful silk ___22___ they are doing the sport. Baduanjin can date back to the Song Dynasty. It is easy to learn and doesn’t ___23___ much space or time. Through deep and slow breathing, our muscles (肌肉) will ___24___ and our mind will be calm. It’s a healthy sport for both men and women, young and old. It makes thin people strong and fat people lose ___25___. To meet the needs and tastes of young learners, the writer of the book has made some ___26___ to the ancient exercise. The book is filled with simple words. ___27___ the introduction to each movement, it also tells the basic health knowledge about doing exercise. And there are also the ___28___ backgrounds and interesting stories about the sport in the book. ___29___ scanning QR codes (二维码) in the pages, readers can watch videos and follow them to learn every movement of the traditional fitness exercise. Now the book has been ____30____ into English and Russian. It becomes popular in many countries. 21. A. personal B. natural C. traditional D. national 22. A. until B. while C. as D. since 23. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost 24. A. excite B. surprise C. relax D. stress 25. A. confidence B. way C. control D. weight 26. A. cards B. mistakes C. changes D. laws 27. A. Besides B. Except C. During D. Through 28. A. local B. classical C. historical D. musical 29. A. With B. As C. In D. By 30 A. put B. translated C. made D. sold 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered why so many apps (应用程序) are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. It’s true that there is no such thing as a free lunch. The price you paid is your ___31___ (person) information. Then, businesses buy and use the data (数据) so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告). What happens ___32___ personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. Companies ___33___ (call) “data brokers” collect almost everything about you, ___34___ your name, location and education level to the topics you search for. Then they sell the collected information to other brokers and businesses. ___35___ do companies want the data? The data is valuable. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be ___36___ (interest) in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws ___37___ (protect) personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get ___38___ (parent) permission (同意) to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, as for ___39___ (we), we should try to guard our data. If an app asks for something about your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. While ____40____ (enjoy) the great convenience and speed of the internet, don’t forget to protect your privacy. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Zong Qinghou was the founder (创始人) of Hangzhou Wahaha Group. He was born in 1945 in wartime China. He grew up very poor in Hangzhou and often went hungry. His father was out of work, and his mother supported (支撑) the family of five children as a factory worker. “Because of the hardship, as a child I had many dreams and hoped to make big money for my parents in return,” Zong said in a history book. As the eldest child, Zong left school after junior high to support his family and spent over ten years doing different jobs, including hard physical work at a far-away farm. In 1978, Zong returned to Hangzhou and spent the next ten years working as a salesman. “My only dream at that time was to have my own company and do what I wanted to do, and I had been looking for such a chance,” he said in the history book. The chance finally came in 1987. Zong borrowed 140, 000 yuan to start his own company, selling ice pops and school things to students at a nearby primary school. The company, which later became Wahaha, sold ice pops for a cent each. During his door-to-door sales, Zong learned that many children were picky (挑剔的) eaters and didn’t get all the necessary nutrition (营养). That was a big headache for parents. Seeing this chance, Zong worked with an expert of nutrition to invent a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid (口服液). The product became a huge success. The company achieved nearly 100 million yuan in sales in 1991. That year Zong founded the Hangzhou Wahaha Group after buying a failing food factory. 41. Why did Zong Qinghou drop out of junior high school? _____________________________________________________ 42. What did Zong Qinghou sell at a nearby primary school? _____________________________________________________ 43. What does the underlined phrase “The product” in the last paragraph refer to? _____________________________________________________ 44. When was the Hangzhou Wahaha Group founded? _____________________________________________________ 45. What can you learn from Zong Qinghou? _____________________________________________________ 第二节 写作（满分20分） 46. 假如你是学校校报的记者，你们学校将在9月20日举行“传统文化节”，请你根据下面的提示，写一篇介绍学校活动安排的英语短文，并邀请家长们来参加。 提示： 时间：9月20日上午 地点：学校礼堂（school auditorium） 活动安排： 1. 传统节日介绍（不少于2个节日），并观看关于端午节视频； 2. DIY activities（风筝制作，剪纸，和陶艺制作）； 3. 学生表演（京剧表演，古筝guzheng，二胡Erhu等传统乐器表演等）。 要求： 1. 短文描写要包含提示中的内容，可适当拓展； 2. 文中不得出现真实的学校、学生姓名； 3. 词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear mothers and fathers, I’m a little reporter from the school. It’s my great honor to introduce our School’s Traditional Culture Festival to you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 初三英语 阶段检测练习题 温馨提示： 1. 本试卷满分90分；考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 2. 答题前，务必用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置上。 3. 选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 4. 非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内相应位置；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。 5. 在试卷上和答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A During the Warring States period, there was a man called Lu Ban. He was good at making all kinds of woody tools. Carpenters (木匠) respect him as an ancestor master (祖师) . One day, a young carpenter came in front of a red gate. He held up his axe (斧子) and said, “My axe is really good. I can make the greatest tools in the world with it.” Hearing this, people around here all laughed. A man pointed to the red gate and asked, “So, can you make a more beautiful gate than this one?” “That’s so easy! I was a student of Lu Ban before! Making a similar gate is like a piece of cake!” the young man said arrogantly (傲慢地). “But you’re standing in front of Lu Ban’s home, the gate was made by Lu Ban!” All people said. The young carpenter was embarrassed and ran away. 1. Who was Lu Ban? A. He was a great artist that was good at painting. B. He was a master who could make all kinds of woody tools. C. He was a carpenter who was always arrogant. D. He was a young carpenter who had a really good axe. 2. What do you think of the young carpenter? A. He was so clever that he could make the greatest tools. B. It was easy for him to make a more beautiful gate. C. He was not an honest man and he wasn’t a student of Lu Ban. D. He was good at making tools although he was arrogant. 3. What is the best title of this passage? A. Teaching Fish to Swim B. Covering Ears to Steal a Bell C. Learning to Walk in Handan D. Making a Mark on the Boat 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了一个年轻木匠在鲁班门前班门弄斧的故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“He was good at making all kinds of woody tools. Carpenters (木匠) respect him as an ancestor master (祖师)”可知，鲁班是一位擅长制作各种木制工具的祖师。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘That’s so easy! I was a student of Lu Ban before! Making a similar gate is like a piece of cake!’ the young man said arrogantly (傲慢地) .”和倒数第二段“‘But you’re standing in front of Lu Ban’s home, the gate was made by Lu Ban!’ All people said.”可知，这个年轻的木匠不诚实，并不是鲁班的学生。故选C。 【3题详解】 标题判断题。阅读全文可知，傲慢的年轻木匠在鲁班门前卖弄自己的技术，可谓班门弄斧。故选A。 B The year 2022 marks the 95th anniversary (周年) of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA). On 27 July, 2022, Chinese leader presented the August 1 Medal to three military (军队) service members. Let’s meet the year’s winners! Nie Haisheng Nie Haisheng has carried out the Shenzhou-6, Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. Nie and his two teammates became the first people to live and work in China’s Tiangong space station for three months. He won the title of “hero astronaut” after the Shenzhou-6 mission. In 1998, Nie joined the country’s first team of astronauts. Even though he is more experienced than the younger astronauts, he had the same hard training. He trained for over six hours underwater, wearing a 160-kg protection suit. Qian Qihu Qian Qihu, 85, is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院). He has spent over 60 years studying modern defense engineering (防护工程). He helped China build an “Underground Steel Great Wall”. In 2019, Qian won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖). Later, he gave away all his prize of eight million yuan to help poor children go to school. Du Fuguo It was on 11 October, 2018. Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance (扫雷) action in Yunnan. Suddenly, a grenade (手榴弹) exploded. Du tried to protect his teammate, but he lost his hands and eyes forever. In the past three years before the accident, he entered minefields more than 1, 000 times. He had removed more than 150 tons of bombs, 2, 400 land mines (地雷) and dealt with over 20 emergency situations. The 31-year-old soldier shines in other fields as well. He hosts a radio show about reading. He tries to help poor people fight poverty (贫穷). He also shares his story to encourage people. 4. What does the underlined word “emergency” mean in Chinese? A. 安全的 B. 乐观的 C. 紧急的 D. 平稳的 5. Nie Haisheng won the title of “hero astronaut” _________. A. before his first mission to space B. after his first mission to space C. before the Shenzhou-10 mission D. after the Shenzhou-12 mission 6. How did Du Fuguo lose his hands and eyes? A. He got injured in a war. B. He happened to step on a grenade. C. Over 150 tons of bombs exploded and hurt him. D. He tried to protect teammates during a mine clearance. 7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Qian Qihu studied modern defense engineering for more than 80 years. B Qian Qihu gave away eight million yuan to help people in poor areas. C. Qian Qihu helped Russia build an “Underground Steel Great Wall”. D. Qian Qihu won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了荣获“八一勋章”的三位英雄的光辉事迹。 【4题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“In the past three years before the accident, he entered minefields more than 1, 000 times. He had removed more than 150 tons of bombs, 2, 400 land mines and dealt with over 20 emergency situations.”可知，杜富国进入雷区超过1000次，清除了150多吨炸弹、2400枚地雷，说明杜处置的情况是危险而紧急的，据此可以推断划线单词“emergency”意为“紧急的”。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Nie Haisheng has carried out the Shenzhou-6, Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions… He won the title of ‘hero astronaut’ after the Shenzhou-6 mission.”可知，聂海胜执行了神舟6号、神舟10号和神舟12号任务；神舟6号也就是他的第一次任务后，他获得了“英雄航天员”的称号。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Du tried to protect his teammate, but he lost his hands and eyes forever.”可知，杜试图保护他的队友，但他永远失去了双手和眼睛。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In 2019, Qian won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award.”可知，2019年，钱七虎获得国家最高科学技术奖。故选D。 C Many people think of a bully (欺凌者) as one person pushing or hitting another, but bullying is not only physical. When I was in a junior high school, the girls in my class would laugh at me or ask questions designed (设计好的) to embarrass me. Once a girl looked at me and shouted loudly, “I don’t want to sit next to her!” Their comments (评论) didn’t hurt me physically, but they did make me sad. Bullying is a common problem in schools, and some adults even have to deal with it at work. But everyone can take actions to stop it. Be kind You may not think of yourself as a bully, but do you make jokes at others? If others aren’t laughing, your words or actions may hurt more than you think. Many bullies were once victims (受害者) of bullying and now bully others to feel powerful. If that’s you, don’t hurt others, but treat others well. Being kind can truly make you powerful. Speak up If you notice one person bullying another, please tell them to stop. Many bullies are motivated (刺激) by a desire to look cool, so if you tell them that they are not cool, then they’ll stop. Be confident If you’re being bullied, don’t try to face it alone, but ask a parent or other trusted adults for help. Similarly, in places where bullying happens, stay close to a friend since bullies often target people who are alone. When you’re being bullied, walk away calmly (镇静地). If you don’t seem scared, the bully may lose interest in you. Remember that what is happening is not your mistake. You are valuable (宝贵的) for who you are. 8. Why did the girl say “I don’t want to sit next to her”? A. Because she is trying to express her love to the author. B. Because she is trying to hurt the author’s feeling. C. Because she is trying to show her voice. D. Because she was mad at the author. 9. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Bullying is a common problem in schools. B. Try to face it alone while being bullied. C. What happens to you is always your mistake. D. There is no bullying among adults. 10. If you were bullied before, what is the right way to make yourself powerful according to the passage? A. By bullying others. B. By keeping silent. C. By being kind. D. By fighting back. 11. What can you do when you see a person bullying another? A. You can stay where you are. B. You can argue with them. C. You can try to stop them. D. You can stay close to a friend. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阻止欺凌行为可以采取的措施。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Once a girl looked at me and shouted loudly, ‘I don’t want to sit next to her!’ Their comments didn’t hurt me physically, but they did make me sad.”可知，那个女孩说那样的话是为了伤害作者的感情。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Bullying is a common problem in schools, and some adults even have to deal with it at work.”可知，欺凌是学校里的一个普遍问题。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Being kind can truly make you powerful.”可知，如果你以前被人欺负了，让自己变得强大的正确方法是变得善良。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you notice one person bullying another, please tell them to stop.”可知，当你看到一个人欺凌另一个人时，你可以试着去阻止他们。故选C。 D What is the far side of the moon like? Dark, cold and empty. But it will soon have a visitor—China’s Chang’e 6 probe (探测器). The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples from the moon’s far side. The probe was launched successfully from Hainan on May 3. Humans have done 10 missions (任务) to the moon to bring back moon samples, including China’s Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. However, all these missions so far have visited the side of the moon that faces Earth. Because the moon turns at the same speed as it circles Earth, we can never see the far side of the moon. This makes it hard to stay in contact with any spacecraft that goes there. To help the Chang’e 6 space probe “talk” to Earth, China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back. The Chang’e 6 probe also has new smart tools to help it collect samples better. “Even if the probe loses contact with Earth, it can do important work by itself,” Wang Qiong, deputy chief designer of the Chang’e 6 mission. The Chang’e 6 mission to the moon will take 53 days. During this time, the probe will go into orbit (轨道) around the moon and land in a place called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. It is a huge crater (撞击坑) on the far side of the moon. There, it will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth. Scientists will study these samples to learn more about the moon. 12. How is Chang’e 6’s mission different from other missions before it? A. People can see where the probe works from Earth. B. The mission will start from the moon’s near side. C. The probe will bring back stone and soil samples. D. The probe will work on the far side of the moon. 13. What is the role of Queqiao 2? A. Sending the Chang’e 6 probe into orbit. B. Moving between Earth and the moon. C. Acting as a bridge between Earth and Chang’e 6. D. Helping people on Earth talk on the phone better. 14. Why is challenging (挑战性) to communicate with a spacecraft on the far side of the moon? A. The far side is always dark and cold. B. The far side is out of sight from Earth, making communication difficult. C. The Chang’e 6 probe does not have the necessary communication tools. D. The South Pole-Aitken Basin blocks (阻碍) communication signals. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Chang’e 6 mission will last over two months. B. Astronauts will collect 2 kilograms of moon samples. C. The Chang’e 6 mission makes a great achievement in lunar exploration (探索). D. The Chang’e 6 probe completely depends on people’s control. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了中国的嫦娥六号探测器。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples from the moon’s far side.”可知第一次有探测器在月球背面工作。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据“To help the Chang’e 6 space probe ‘talk’ to Earth, China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back.”可知为了帮助嫦娥六号太空探测器与地球“对话”，鹊桥2号的新型中继卫星，绕月飞行，帮助发回信息。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Because the moon turns at the same speed as it circles Earth, we can never see the far side of the moon. This makes it hard to stay in contact with any spacecraft that goes there.”可知是因为月球绕地球旋转的速度是一样的，所以我们永远看不到月球的背面。这使得很难与任何前往那里的航天器保持联系。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据“There, it will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth. Scientist will study these samples to learn more about the moon.”可知嫦娥六号任务在月球探测方面取得了巨大成就。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 That summer, Anne and her friends often played in an old boat on the river. “Today, let’s imagine that I’m a prisoner (囚犯) and I’m escaping from prison by boat,” said Anne. “___16___ You’re my family, and you must meet me at the bridge.” ___17___ Her friends pushed the boat off down the river and ran across the fields to get round to the bridge. For a few minutes, the prisoner enjoyed the game, but then she suddenly felt wet and sat up. Water was coming in very fast through a hole in the bottom of the boat! ___18___ She jumped up and caught the branch. The boat went on without her and a few seconds later went down under the water. ___19___ “Oh! Oh! Anne’s dead! The boat’s gone down and she’s in the river!” they screamed, and ran back to the village for help. Poor Anne could not move. ___20___ Suddenly, there was Gilbert Blythe in his boat! “Anne Shirley!” he cried. “What are you doing there?” He did not wait for an answer, but quickly helped Anne into his boat. (选自《绿山墙的安妮》) A. Her friends on the bridge saw the boat, but they did not see Anne under the tree. B. Suddenly, Anne found another boat and she tried to get on it. C. The other girls agreed, so Anne got into the boat and hid under some coats. D. I’ll hide in the boat and the river will carry it down to the bridge. E. She held on and held on, but her arms were getting tired and she knew that she would fall in a minute. F. Luckily, there were some trees by the river and Anne saw a low branch over the water. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. F 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章选自《绿山墙的安妮》的一部分，主要讲述了姑娘们玩囚犯乘船逃离游戏的故事；安妮扮演囚犯躺在小船上，结果出现了意外，小船中途破了，安妮抓住了一根树枝，被划船路过的吉尔伯特·布莱斯所救。 【16题详解】 根据上文“let’s imagine that I’m a prisoner and I’m escaping from prison by boat,”和下文“You’re my family, and you must meet me at the bridge.”可知，此处是指安妮将乘船逃离，让朋友们扮演家人在大桥处接应她；选项D“我躲在小船里，河水会把它带到桥下。”符合语境。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据下文“Her friends pushed the boat off down the river and ran across the fields to get round to the bridge.”可知，此处是指朋友们同意了安妮的安排，然后各自依计划行动；选项C“其他女孩同意了，所以安妮上了船，藏在几件外套下面。”符合语境。故选C。 【18题详解】 根据下文“She jumped up and caught the branch.”可知，此处是指安妮发现了一根树枝；选项F“幸运的是，河边有一些树，安妮看到水面上有一根低矮的树枝。”符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Oh! Oh! Anne’s dead! The boat’s gone down and she’s in the river!”可知，此处是指朋友们发现了船，但安妮却不在船上；选项A“她在桥上的朋友看到了船，但他们没有看到树下的安妮。”符合语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Poor Anne could not move.”可知，此处是指安妮吊在树枝上的艰难处境；选项E“她坚持啊，坚持啊，但是她的胳膊累了，她知道她马上就要掉下去了。”符合语境。故选E。 第二部分 语言知识应用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Baduanjin Exercise for Children (《少儿八段锦》) is a new book for children to do exercise. It is the very first of its kind. The book introduces one of the most popular ___21___ Chinese fitness (健身) exercises. Ba means “eight”, duan means “pieces” and jin means something beautiful like silk. There are eight movements in total. People are like beautiful silk ___22___ they are doing the sport. Baduanjin can date back to the Song Dynasty. It is easy to learn, and doesn’t ___23___ much space or time. Through deep and slow breathing, our muscles (肌肉) will ___24___ and our mind will be calm. It’s a healthy sport for both men and women, young and old. It makes thin people strong and fat people lose ___25___. To meet the needs and tastes of young learners, the writer of the book has made some ___26___ to the ancient exercise. The book is filled with simple words. ___27___ the introduction to each movement, it also tells the basic health knowledge about doing exercise. And there are also the ___28___ backgrounds and interesting stories about the sport in the book. ___29___ scanning QR codes (二维码) in the pages, readers can watch videos and follow them to learn every movement of the traditional fitness exercise. Now the book has been ____30____ into English and Russian. It becomes popular in many countries. 21. A. personal B. natural C. traditional D. national 22. A. until B. while C. as D. since 23. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost 24. A. excite B. surprise C. relax D. stress 25. A. confidence B. way C. control D. weight 26. A. cards B. mistakes C. changes D. laws 27 A. Besides B. Except C. During D. Through 28. A. local B. classical C. historical D. musical 29 A. With B. As C. In D. By 30. A. put B. translated C. made D. sold 【答案】21 C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《少儿八段锦》这本新书，它是为儿童做运动而设计的，书中介绍了中国最流行的传统健身运动之一——八段锦。 【21题详解】 句意：这本书介绍了中国最流行的传统健身运动之一。 personal个人的；natural自然的；traditional传统的；national国家的。根据“Baduanjin can date back to the Song Dynasty.”可知，此处是指传统的中国健身运动。故选C。 【22题详解】 句意：人们在运动时就像美丽的丝绸。 until直到；while当……；as正如；since自从。根据“they’re doing the sport”可知，此处引导延续性的动作，且用了现在进行时，因此用while引导时间状语从句。故选B。 【23题详解】 句意：它很容易学, 不需要太多的空间和时间。 take“花费，占用”，物作主语；spend“花费”，人做主语；pay“付钱”，人做主语；cost“花费”，物作主语。根据“doesn’t … much space or time”可知，此处是指不占用太多的空间，也不用花费太多的时间，应用动词take。故选A。 【24题详解】 句意：通过深而缓慢的呼吸，我们的肌肉会放松，我们的头脑会平静下来。 excite使兴奋；surprise使吃惊；relax放松；stress强调。结合下文“our mind will be calm”和备选词汇可知，此处是指肌肉会放松。故选C。 【25题详解】 句意：它使瘦的人强壮，胖的人减肥。 confidence自信；way方法；control控制；weight体重。结合“makes thin people strong and fat people lose”和备选词汇可知，此处是指减肥。故选D。 【26题详解】 句意：为了满足年轻学习者的需要和口味，这本书的作者对这个古老的运动做了一些改变。 cards卡片；mistakes错误；changes改变；laws法律。根据“To meet the needs and tastes of young learners”可知，此处是指作者为了满足年轻人的需要做了一些改变。故选C。 【27题详解】 句意：除了对每个动作的介绍外，还讲述了关于锻炼的基本健康知识。 Besides除……之外还有；Except不包括；During在……期间；Through通过。结合下文“it also tells the basic health knowledge…”和备选词汇可知，此处是指除了对每个动作的介绍外，这本书还讲述了基本健康知识，应用介词besides。故选A。 【28题详解】 句意：书中也有关于这项运动的历史背景和有趣的故事。 local本地的；classical古典的；historical历史的；musical音乐的。根据“backgrounds and interesting stories”以及上文“Baduanjin can date back to the Song Dynasty.”可知，此处是指历史的背景。故选C。 【29题详解】 句意：通过扫描页面上的二维码，读者可以观看视频，并跟随视频学习传统健身运动的每一个动作。 With具有；As作为；In在……里；By通过。结合句意和备选词汇可知，此处是通过扫描二维码，考查by doing sth.“通过做某事”。故选D。 【30题详解】 句意：现在这本书已被翻译成英语和俄语。 put放；translated翻译；made制作；sold卖。结合“into English and Russian”和备选词汇可知，此处是指被翻译成英语和俄语，考查translate into“翻译成”，动词短语。故选B。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered why so many apps (应用程序) are free to use? After all they cost money to run. It’s true that there is no such thing as a free lunch. The price you paid is your ___31___ (person) information. Then, businesses buy and use the data (数据) so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告). What happens ___32___ personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. Companies ___33___ (call) “data brokers” collect almost everything about you, ___34___ your name, location and education level to the topics you search for. Then they sell the collected information to other brokers and businesses. ___35___ do companies want the data? The data is valuable. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be ___36___ (interest) in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws ___37___ (protect) personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get ___38___ (parent) permission (同意) to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, as for ___39___ (we), we should try to guard our data. If an app asks for something about your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. While ____40____ (enjoy) the great convenience and speed of the internet, don’t forget to protect your privacy. 【答案】31. personal 32. to 33. called 34. from 35. Why 36. interested 37. to protect 38. parents’ 39. ourselves 40. enjoying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了免费应用程序的实质。这些免费的应用程序收集人们的个人数据，企业购买并使用这些数据，以便向人们展示定向广告。作者告诉我们，要重视个人信息，保护好我们的个人隐私。 【31题详解】 句意：你付出的代价是你的个人信息。根据空后名词“information”可知，此处是指个人信息，应用名词person的形容词形式personal“个人的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词information。故填personal。 【32题详解】 句意：网上的个人信息会发生什么？根据空前“happens”可知，此处考查sth. happens to ...“某人/某物发生了什么事”，固定搭配。故填to。 【33题详解】 句意：被称为“数据经纪人”的公司几乎收集了关于你的一切，从你的名字、位置、教育程度到你搜索的主题。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为“collect”，因此这里应用非谓语动词；名词“Companies”与动词call为被动关系，因此这里应用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。 【34题详解】 句意：被称为“数据经纪人”的公司几乎收集了关于你的一切，从你的名字、位置、教育程度到你搜索的主题。根据下文“your name, location and education level to the topics you search for”可知，此处考查from…to…“从……到……”，介词短语。故填from。 【35题详解】 句意：为什么公司想要这些数据呢？根据下文“The data is valuable.”可知，此处是询问公司收集数据的原因，应用why引导特殊疑问句，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Why。 【36题详解】 句意：这意味着他们将把广告展示给最有可能对他们的产品或服务感兴趣的人。根据“be … in”可知，此处考查be interested in“对……感兴趣”，形容词短语。故填interested。 【37题详解】 句意：许多国家都制定了保护个人信息的法律。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式to protect作目的状语。故填to protect。 【38题详解】 句意：例如，美国的一项法律规定，公司收集13岁以下儿童的个人数据必须得到父母的许可。根据空后名词“permission”可知，此处是指父母的同意，应用名词parent的复数形式所有格parents’“父母的”，作定语修饰名词permission。故填parents’。 【39题详解】 句意：与此同时，对于我们自己，我们应该尽量保护我们的数据。根据下文“we should try to guard our data”可知，此处是指我们自己，应用人称代词主格we的反身代词ourselves作介词的宾语。故填ourselves。 【40题详解】 句意：在享受互联网的便利和速度的同时，不要忘记保护你的隐私。while引导的从句要用进行时态，根据“don’t forget”可知，此处应用现在进行时，其结构为be doing；分析句子结构可知，主句为祈使句，省略了主语“you”，主、从句主语一致，所以从句省略了“you are”，用enjoy的现在分词enjoying。故填enjoying。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Zong Qinghou was the founder (创始人) of Hangzhou Wahaha Group. He was born in 1945 in wartime China. He grew up very poor in Hangzhou and often went hungry. His father was out of work, and his mother supported (支撑) the family of five children as a factory worker. “Because of the hardship, as a child I had many dreams and hoped to make big money for my parents in return,” Zong said in a history book. As the eldest child, Zong left school after junior high to support his family and spent over ten years doing different jobs, including hard physical work at a far-away farm. In 1978, Zong returned to Hangzhou and spent the next ten years working as a salesman. “My only dream at that time was to have my own company and do what I wanted to do, and I had been looking for such a chance,” he said in the history book. The chance finally came in 1987. Zong borrowed 140, 000 yuan to start his own company, selling ice pops and school things to students at a nearby primary school. The company, which later became Wahaha, sold ice pops for a cent each. During his door-to-door sales, Zong learned that many children were picky (挑剔的) eaters and didn’t get all the necessary nutrition (营养). That was a big headache for parents. Seeing this chance, Zong worked with an expert of nutrition to invent a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid (口服液). The product became a huge success. The company achieved nearly 100 million yuan in sales in 1991. That year Zong founded the Hangzhou Wahaha Group after buying a failing food factory. 41. Why did Zong Qinghou drop out of junior high school? _____________________________________________________ 42. What did Zong Qinghou sell at a nearby primary school? _____________________________________________________ 43. What does the underlined phrase “The product” in the last paragraph refer to? _____________________________________________________ 44. When was the Hangzhou Wahaha Group founded? _____________________________________________________ 45. What can you learn from Zong Qinghou? _____________________________________________________ 【答案】41. Because he had to support his family/Because his family was poor. 42. He sold ice pops and school things to students. 43. (It refers to) Wahaha Oral Liquid/ a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid. 44. It was founded in 1991/In 1991. 45. We should work hard and never give up our dreams./We should face difficulties bravely./Whatever we do, (we should ) try our best. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了娃哈哈的创始人宗庆后传奇的一生。 【41题详解】 根据第一段中“He grew up very poor in Hangzhou and often went hungry. His father was out of work, and his mother supported (支撑) the family of five children as a factory worker.”以及第二段中“As the eldest child, Zong left school after junior high to support his family and spent over ten years doing different jobs, including hard physical work at a far-away farm.”可知，作为长子，宗庆后初中毕业后就离开了学校来养家糊口，并花了十多年时间做不同的工作，包括在一个遥远的农场做艰苦的体力劳动。所以，他初中辍学的原因是为了养家糊口。故填Because he had to support his family/Because his family was poor. 【42题详解】 根据第三段中“The chance finally came in 1987. Zong borrowed 140, 000 yuan to start his own company, selling ice pops and school things to students at a nearby primary school.”可知，他在附近的小学卖冰棒和学习用品。故填He sold ice pops and school things to students. 【43题详解】 根据第四段中“Seeing this chance, Zong worked with an expert of nutrition to invent a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid (口服液).”以及最后一段中“The product became a huge success.”可知，下划线部分指的是前文提到的“a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid”。故填(It refers to) Wahaha Oral Liquid/ a drink for children, called Wahaha Oral Liquid. 【44题详解】 根据最后一段中“The company achieved nearly 100 million yuan in sales in 1991. That year Zong founded the Hangzhou Wahaha Group after buying a failing food factory.”可知，杭州娃哈哈集团成立于1991。故填It was founded in 1991/In 1991. 【45题详解】 开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为We should work hard and never give up our dreams./We should face difficulties bravely./Whatever we do, (we should ) try our best. 第二节 写作（满分20分） 46. 假如你是学校校报的记者，你们学校将在9月20日举行“传统文化节”，请你根据下面的提示，写一篇介绍学校活动安排的英语短文，并邀请家长们来参加。 提示： 时间：9月20日上午 地点：学校礼堂（school auditorium） 活动安排： 1. 传统节日介绍（不少于2个节日），并观看关于端午节的视频； 2. DIY activities（风筝制作，剪纸，和陶艺制作）； 3. 学生表演（京剧表演，古筝guzheng，二胡Erhu等传统乐器表演等）。 要求： 1. 短文描写要包含提示中的内容，可适当拓展； 2. 文中不得出现真实的学校、学生姓名； 3. 词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear mothers and fathers, I’m a little reporter from the school. It’s my great honor to introduce our School’s Traditional Culture Festival to you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】[例文] Dear mothers and fathers, I’m a little reporter from the school. It’s my great honor to introduce our School’s Traditional Culture Festival to you. It will be held on the morning of September 20th in the school auditorium. There will be many interesting activities on that day. Our history teacher Mr. Li will give an introduction to traditional festivals, including Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Then we will watch some videos about Dragon Boat Festival. Students can take part in DIY activities such as kite making, paper-cutting and pottery-making. I think they will have a lot of fun in these activities. What’s more, students will be treated to some traditional performances. There will be performances about Beijing Opera and traditional musical instrument performances about guzheng and Erhu. I hope you can join us! 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是材料作文； ②时态：主要时态为“一般将来时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示内容中“提示信息”的要求均要一一阐述，适当发挥。 [写作步骤] 第一步：表明写作意图，给家长们介绍即将到来的校艺术节。 第二步：具体阐述写作内容。依照提示信息的要点——介绍艺术节将举办的活动和表演。 第三步：书写结语。邀请家长们参加学校的艺术节。 [亮点词汇] ①give an introduction to介绍 ②take part in参加 ③be treated to以……招待 [高分句型] ①There will be many interesting activities on that day.（There be句型） ②I think they will have a lot of fun in these activities.（宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$