05 动词的时态语态与主谓一致（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（天津专版）

动词的时态语态及主谓一致（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 动词的时态语态及主谓一致 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】近5年天津卷对于动词的时态语态的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查： 1．动词的过去完成时及其被动语态 2．动词的现在完成时及其被动语态 3．动词的现在完成进行时 4．动词的现在进行时及其被动语态 5．动词的将来进行时 6．动词的一般过去时及其被动语态 7．动词的一般现在时及其被动语态 近5年天津卷对于主谓一致的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查：语法一致 【备考策略】 高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对动词时态的掌握情况，考点主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时，且常与主谓一致及被动语态搭配考查。考生要关注语境中表示时间的单词、短语或者动词时态标志词，必要时可通过句意判断动词的时态语态；要牢记主谓一致三原则，特别是语法一致原则。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择对动词的时态语态和主谓一致的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查进行时和完成时及其被动语态，以及主谓一致的语法一致原则。 必备基础知识： 动词的十六种时态及其基本形式（红字为天津卷非高考考纲内容） 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时 主动 do/does 被动 am/is/are done 一般过去时 主动 did 被动 was/were done 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do am/is/are about to do am/is/are to do 过去将来时 would do was/were going to do was/were about to do was/were to do 进行 现在进行时 主动 am/is/are doing 被动 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 主动 was/were doing 被动 was/were being done 将来进行时 主动 will be doing 被动 will be being done 过去将来进行时 完成 现在完成时 主动 have/has done 被动 have/has been done 过去完成时 主动 had done 被动 had been done 将来完成时 主动 will have done 被动 will have been done 过去将来完成时 完成 进行 现在完成进行时 主动 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时 重难点知识： 考点精讲01一般体 时态 意义 例句 一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语有always, usually, every day/year/morning/night, sometimes, often等。 I go to school every day. 我每天都去上学。 He is always like that. 他总是那样。 客观真理、科学事实、名言警句等 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围着太阳转。 表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。 The train leaves at 8 pm every Thursday. 这趟火车每周四晚上八点离开。 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表将来。（主将从现） Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.无论发生什么,你都要保持头脑冷静。 一般过去时 指过去的情况或所处的状态，或表示过去经常发生的动作。常见的时间状语有yesterday, just now, last night/ week/ year, in 2016, the other day, three days ago, the day before yesterday等。 He came here yesterday. 昨天他来这里了。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 He would be surprised when he came back. 等他回来的时候他会很惊讶。 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。 He will graduate from college next year. 他明年将大学毕业。 Spring will come again.春天还会再来。 will表示事先未经过计划就去做某事。 “be going to+动词原形”常表示“计划/打算/即将做某事”，也可以表示“根据现在的迹象，对未来进行判断”。 Tom is ill? I'll go to see him. 汤姆病了？我去看看他。 I am going to buy a new coat this winter. 今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。 “be about to do”表示即将发生的动作。 The talk is just about to begin.会谈即将开始。 “be to do”表示计划、安排或用来征求意见。 Am I to take over his work? 我是不是要接管他的工作？ 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的事,常用的这类动词有come、go、take、have、move、meet、arrive、leave、start等。 I'm meeting Jack at the station at four tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午四点去车站接杰克。 过去将来时 表示从过去某时看来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 1．（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left. A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你为什么这么着急？——因为火车将在上午10点离开，几乎没有剩余时间了。A. left一般过去时；B. shall leave一般将来时；C. has left现在完成时；D. leaves一般现在时。这句话描述的是按照列车时间表，火车将要离开，表示的是按照计划或时间表将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，主语the train是第三人称单数。故选D。 2．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Assuming an earthquake ______what will we do? A．to happen B．happens C．happening D．will happen 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：假设发生地震，我们会怎么办？A项是不定式；B项是一般现在时；C项是现在分词；D项是一般将来时。assuming意为“假设”，后面是条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语是an earthquake，单数，所以从句谓语用第三人称单数。故选B项。 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）The moment the final whistle blew, we crupted in cheers, knowing our team ______ the championship. A．won B．has won C．have won D．would win 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当最后的哨声响起的那一刻，我们欢呼起来，因为我们知道我们的队伍赢得了冠军。knowing后接宾语从句，空处缺少谓语，再根据crupted可知，这里描述的是过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故选A。 4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）I know something about Johnson, for he ______ in my sister’s school for three months last year. A．had worked B．worked C．had been working D．would work 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我对约翰逊有些了解，因为他去年在我姐姐的学校工作了三个月。根据for three months last year可知，这是描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 5．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着人工智能的进步，自动驾驶汽车将在几年内广泛出现。Self-driving cars和emerge之间是主谓关系，由in a few years可知，句子时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will emerge，故选A。 6．（2022·天津·模拟预测）—Have you decided which university are you going to apply for? —Not yet. Before I make the final decision, I ______ it with my parents and my teachers. A．discuss B．discussed C．was discussing D．will discuss 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你决定申请哪所大学了吗？——还没有。在我做出最后决定之前，我会和我的父母和老师讨论。根据句子结构，此处作谓语动词。由“Before I make the final decision”（在我做出最后决定之前），此句make为一般现在时，可推断“我和父母及老师讨论”应该是表将来时的动作，用用一般将来时加动词原形即will discuss。故选D项。 7．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好，但几年前，没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选A。 考点精讲02进行体 时态 意义 例句 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：now, right now, at present, at this moment, currently等。 --What are you doing? 你在干什么? --I'm not doing anything at present.我现在什么也没干。 always, continually, constantly与进行时连用，表达感情色彩，如高兴、赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等。 He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。 部分动词或动词词组的进行时表“将来”之意，这些动词或动词词组有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, take off等。 I'm coming! 我这就来！ The ambulance is arriving. 救护车马上就来。 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：then, at that time等。 I was practising the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.昨晚八点我在练小提琴。 My brother fell when he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时摔倒了，伤了自己。 将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：then, at that time等。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Mount Huang this time next week. 下周的这个时候丹尼尔一家将正在黄山享受他们的假期。 1．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I ________ in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：请等一分钟，我现在很忙。我正在填写申请表。根据上文I’m busy right now.可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选D。 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）—May I take the typewriter away? —Sorry, I ______ it. A．am using B．used C．have used D．was using 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我可以把打字机拿走吗？——对不起，我正在用。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意和语境可知，不能拿走的原因，是“我正在用它”，需用现在进行时。故选A项。 3．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 4．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）We ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectation to us. A．were observing B．have observed C．would observe D．observed 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：我们正在教室里庆祝2024年元旦，突然，我们敬爱的校长走进教室，给我们带来了最美好的祝愿和期待。A. were observing过去进行时；B.have observed现在完成时；C. would observe过去将来时；D. observed一般过去时。根据“when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom”可知，当校长走进教室时，我们正在庆祝2024年元旦，“observe”和“entered”是过去同时发生的动作，前者是延续性动词，故用过去进行时。故选A项。 5．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？——对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知，then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。 6．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物，因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternoon”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，本句话为将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情，其结构为“will be doing sth.”。故选B。 考点精讲03完成体 时态 意义 例句 现在完成时 用于强调过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响，说的是和现在有关的情况。常用的时间状语：in/over/ during the last/ past four years/months/days, since, lately, recently, up to now, so far, till now等。 In the last two years, we have learned 1,000 English words. 在过去的两年里，我们学了一千个英语单词。 So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. 为了构建低碳经济,到目前为止我们已经做了很多,但还远不够理想。 since引导一般过去时态的从句或后接过去的时间点时，主句/句子常用现在完成时。 It has been 3 years since he came here.他来这里三年了。 We have learned 1,000 words since 2019.从2019年至今，我们学了一千个单词了。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，主句用一般将来时，表示将来完成某事之后的情况。（主将从现） When you have finished your homework, I'll take you to the park. 你做完作业后,我就带你去公园。 过去完成时 表示在过去的一个动作或时间之前完成的事情。（简称“过去的过去”） She had learned some English before she came to the college. 她在来学院前学过一些英语。 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think、suppose等，其过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图，译为“本……”。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) I had thought you would come tomorrow.我本以为你明天才来。 “hardly/scarcely/barely…when…”“no sooner…than…”表示“一……就……”，hardly/no sooner后用过去完成时，when/than后用一般过去时 I had hardly got home when the rain poured down. I had no sooner got home than the rain poured down. 我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。 将来完成时 表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。 By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 现在完成进行时 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，且现在还在进行，常用的时间状语：the whole year, all day He has been looking for his lost child the whole year. 他这一整年一直在找他丢失的孩子。 其他与完成时连用的句式 “by+时间点”，主句用完成时 by+将来时间点，主句用将来完成时 By the end of next year, we'll have learned2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 by+现在时间点，主句用现在完成时 By now we have learned 1,500 English words. 到现在为止，我们学习了1,500个英语单词。 by+过去时间点，主句用过去完成时 By 2022, I had been abroad for 10 years. 到2022年，我已经在国外待10年了。 “by the time+时间状语从句”，主句用完成时 “by the time+时间状语从句（过去时）”，主句用过去完成时 By the time he came back, we had learned 1,000 English words. 他回来的时候，我们已经学习了1,000个英语单词了。 “by the time+时间状语从句（现在时）”，主句用将来完成时 By the time he comes back, we will have learned 1,000 English words. 他回来的时候，我们将会学习完1,000个英语单词了。 “这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”，从句用完成时 This/That/It is the first/second/… time that sb. has/have done sth. This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京。 This/That/It was the first/ second/… time that sb. had done sth. That was the first time that I had been to Beijing. 那是我第一次去北京。 1．（2023·天津·模拟预测）In the past decades, some number plates _______ extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. A．had become B．have become C．has become D．became 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得极其宝贵，特别是那些能拼出单词的车牌。In the past decades为时间状语，一般与现在完成时连用，主语some number plates是复数概念，谓语动词也用复数形式。故选B。 2．（22-23高三下·天津红桥·开学考试）—Are you waiting for a bus from the office of the City Government? —Yes. I arrived here at the bus stop ten minutes ago, but the bus _______. A．hadn’t come B．won’t come C．didn’t come D．hasn’t come 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你在等市政府办公室的公共汽车吗?——是的。我十分钟前就到了公共汽车站，但是公共汽车还没来。根据句意可知，第二个人说话时，公共汽车还没来到，所以空格处应该用现在完成时表示“过去的某一动作一直持续到现在，并且还有可能继续持续下去”。故选D项。 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 【答案】D 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我原以为你会留下来和我们一起吃饭，但你告诉我你必须回家。分析句子意思可知，考查的谓语动词expect发生在第二个小分句的谓语动词told之前，所以用过去完成时形式，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故选D。 4．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The movie is boring. By the time the movie ended, I______ asleep. A．have fallen B．have been fallen C．had fallen D．had been fallen 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这部电影很无聊。电影结束的时候，我已经睡着了。先理解句子的语境和时态。句子描述的是电影结束后的情况，即“到电影结束时，我已经...”。由于“电影结束”是一个过去的动作，需要使用过去时态来描述这个时刻之前已经发生的事情，即“过去的过去”， 因此用过去完成时，主语I 和 fall asleep之间是主动关系，因此用过去完成时的主动形式。故选C项。 5．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 6．（23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）The Browns ________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to Australia two years ago. A．have been missing B．had been missing C．were missing D．will be missing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从两年前搬回澳大利亚以来，布朗一家一直怀念在中国的网购体验。根据“since they moved back to Australia two years ago.”可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示过去动作持续到现在，并可能仍然持续下去。故选A项。 7．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 8．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”，heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知，这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作，and前的句子时态应用将来进行时，即will be doing形式，本题用will be walking。the cut on my foot的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作，and后的句子时态应用将来完成时，即will have done形式，本题用will have healed。故选B。 9．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ from my home for 5 months by next Sunday. A．am away B．will have been away C．have been away D．will be away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我非常想念我的父母；到下周日，我将离开家5个月了。be away“离开”。根据by next Sunday可知， 到下周日时离开家5个月，所以句子时态用将来完成时，构成为will have done。故选B。 考点精讲04主动形式表被动意义 用法 例句 系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep, stay后接形容词或名词构成系表结构。 Steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。 It has gone bad. 这个东西已经变质了。 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如 read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash ,clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等，一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 The coat dries easily. 这件外衣容易干。 Your article reads well. 你的文章读起来不错。 有些动词的后面可以用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,如 want, deserve, need, require等。不及物动词的动词-ing形式后面还应该有适当的介词。 The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提及。 The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照看。 某些作表语的形容词后要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 The rock is hard to break. 这块巨石很难打碎。 1．（21-22高三上·天津·开学考试）The problems to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow are really hard ________. A．to be solved B．solved C．solving D．to solve 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议上要讨论的问题真的很难解决。分析可知，此处为常用句型：sb./sth.+ adj.+ to do“某人/某事......”，solve和problem是逻辑动宾关系，用主动表被动。故选D。 2．（2021·天津红桥·二模）— Excuse me, is the book Gone with the wind by Margaret Mitchell available now? — Sorry, but it ______ so well that we don’t have any in store. A．sells B．is sold C．has sold D．has been sold 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：——请问，玛格丽特·米切尔的《飘》现在有吗? ——对不起，这个卖得太好了，我们店里没有了。根据句意可知，该句表示现在的状态，所以应用一般现在时态，故可排除C、D两项。选项中所给词“sell(卖)”在与well等副词连用的时候，描绘主语的特性或自然属性，即“（这本书）卖得好”，此时用作不及物动词，只有主动形式，综上，故选A。 考点精讲05主谓一致的语法一致原则 语法一致原则指主语和谓语通常要遵循语法基本原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 主语 谓语动词单复数 例句 every… and every… each… and each… no… and no… 单数 Every boy and every girl is here. Each teacher and each student has seen the film. many a / more than one + 可数名词单数 单数 Many a page in this book is missing. More than one student has failed the exam. a number of + 可数名词复数 复数 A number of students are from the south. the number of + 可数名词复数 单数 The number of students from the north is small. half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/ lots/ plenty/ 分数 + of + 可数名词复数 复数 One third of the books are worth reading. half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/ lots/ plenty/ 分数+ of + 不可数名词 单数 One third of the food was wasted. a kind/type/sort/species/series of + 名词 单数 This type of buses is now on show. kinds/types/sorts/species/series of + 名词 复数 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且它承受make的动作，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。 2．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 3．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个社区的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是外国人。分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词的形式要以of后面的名词而定，neighbourhood是不可数名词，所以，第一个空格处用is；the majority of后面的名词决定了它的谓语单复数形式，如果后面接可数名词复数，则谓语用复数，如果接不可数名词，则谓语用单数，所以the majority of the residents指的是复数概念，因此与are连用。故选C项。 4．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：我家附近有一条河，过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 5．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，不止一代的学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。根据时间状语For many years可知，用现在完成时；“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B。 考点精讲06主谓一致的意义一致原则 有些谓语动词的单复数形式应该与主语的意义保持一致。 主语 谓语动词单复数 例句 and连接两个单数名词，表示同一人或物 单数 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 这位歌手兼舞蹈演员要来参加我们的晚会。 When and where to go has not been decided yet.何时去和去哪里还未确定。 由无生命的集体名词clothing, furniture, traffic, jewelry, baggage, luggage, equipment, information等作主语 Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste. 现代家具有点过于简朴，我不大喜欢。 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等的复数名词表达一个整体概念作主语 Fifty years is not a long time. 五十年并不长。 Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4,000美元。 动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句作主语 Helping others means helping ourselves. 帮助他人意味着帮助我们自己。 Whether she comes or not is of no matter. 她来不来没关系。 由 and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念作主语 复数 Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 那家食品杂货店的面包和黄油都卖光了。 有生命的集体名词 people, police, cattle等作主语 The police are also looking for a second car. 警方也在寻找第二辆车。 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词goods, stairs, arms, scissors, trousers, customs, jeans, belongings等作主语 The goods are to be exported to Canada. 这些货物要出口到加拿大。 All his belongings were burnt in the fire. 他所有的财物都在大火中付之一炬。 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, minority, enemy, party, crowd, audience, committee, government, majority, group等作主语强调整体时谓语动词用单数，指个体成员时谓语动词用复数。 单复数视情况而定 The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口在迅速增长。 One third of the population here are workers. 这里的人口的三分之一是工人。 单复数同形的名词means, works, deer, fish, sheep等作主语时。 Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。 The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的通信手段都中断了。 all、none、some、any等不定代词作主语时。 None of the money in the pocket is his. 兜里的钱没有一分是他的。 None of the pens are/is mine. 没有一支钢笔是我的。 1．（23-24高三上·天津·期中）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的80年里，超过5亿美元投入该基金，购买了500多万英亩的栖息地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语over the past eighty years可知，此处应使用现在完成时，go into与句子主语Better than half a billion dollars之间为主动关系，且金钱作主语时看作一个整体，所以谓语动词使用单数形式，所以该句的谓语形式为has gone into。故选D项。 2．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）The police____to the spot____order immediately. A．was sent; to keep B．were sent; keeping C．was sent; keeping D．were sent; to keep 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致，被动语态和不定式。句意：警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。结合句意，主语the police和谓语动词send之间是被动关系，需要用被动语态，the police是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。结合句意，警察是被派往去维持秩序的，所以维持秩序是目的，用不定式表示目的。故选D项。 3．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Each means ______to solve the problem, but none is effective. A．have been tried out B．were tried out C．is tried out D．has been tried out 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：为了解决这个问题，每种方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。根据“but none is effective”可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，所以应用现在完成时。主语each means为第三人称单数。故选D。 考点精讲07主谓一致的就近原则、就远原则 原则 意义及用法 例句 就近原则 主语由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only… but also, not… but…, there be句型等连接两个或以上的并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来。 Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他都不该受责备。 There are two books, a pen and a computer on the table. 桌子上有两本书，一支笔和一台电脑。 就远原则 主语后跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, including, but, except, in addition to, rather than, instead of等结构时，谓语动词的单复数要与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 老师和学生都喜欢这幅画。 1．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 2．（2020·天津·一模）We have decided that either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting tomorrow. A．is handing out B．are to hand out C．are handing out D．is to hand out 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们决定了要么是你要么是校长在明天的会议上把奖品送给那些优秀的学生。主句中用了现在完成时，宾语从句的时态要与主句一致，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态，宾语从句中的时间状语为tomorrow，宾语从句要用一般将来时。宾语从句中主语由either...or连接，谓语动词要就近，the headmaster是第三人称单数。故选D。 3．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致。句意：石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员在5月5日的汤姆斯杯颁奖典礼上被授予一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态。根据句子中的“on May 5th(在5月5日)”可知，这个动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，“Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members(石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员)”表示主语是Shi Yuqi，而"as well as his badminton team members" 作主语的补充，不影响谓语动词的数。因此，谓语动词应该与单数主语"Shi Yuqi"保持一致，使用单数形式，故选C。 4．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。故选D。 （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——他的学期论文得了A。他一定为此准备了很长时间。——没错。他花了整个夏天在欧洲做研究。A. has spent（现在完成时）花时间B. had spent（过去完成时）花时间；C. spent（一般过去时）花时间；D. would spend花时间（过去将来时）。根据the whole summer可知，空处为过去式，空处与主语He之间为主动关系，空处应为一般过去时的主动形式spent，故选C项。 2．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”，heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知，这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作，and前的句子时态应用将来进行时，即will be doing形式，本题用will be walking。the cut on my foot的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作，and后的句子时态应用将来完成时，即will have done形式，本题用will have healed。故选B。 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 【答案】D 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我原以为你会留下来和我们一起吃饭，但你告诉我你必须回家。分析句子意思可知，考查的谓语动词expect发生在第二个小分句的谓语动词told之前，所以用过去完成时形式，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故选D。 4．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？——对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知，then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。 5．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 6．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着人工智能的进步，自动驾驶汽车将在几年内广泛出现。Self-driving cars和emerge之间是主谓关系，由in a few years可知，句子时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will emerge，故选A。 7．（2024·天津南开·一模）Tom, along with his assistants, ________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A．work B．have been working C．is working D．are working 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆和他的助手们日夜工作以赶在最后期限前完成这个项目。根据句意和时间状语日日夜夜可以判断本句用现在进行时，句子主语为Tom，谓语采用第三人称单数，along with his assistants不影响谓语的单复数。故选C项。 8．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知，该句描述的是过去发生的情况，所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词，意为“使惊吓”，所以不符合句意。故选B。 9．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。故选D。 10．（2024·天津·一模）May Day is approaching. At this time next month I ______ to Hainan for holiday. A．will be flying B．will fly C．have been flying D．have flown 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：五一就要到了。下个月的这个时候我将飞往海南度假。根据At this time next month可知，用将来进行时。故选A项。 11．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：请等一分钟，我现在很忙。我正在填写申请表。根据上文I’m busy right now.可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选D。 12．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好，但几年前，没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选A。 13．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：皮影戏起源于中国，现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。originate“起源”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态；第二空根据时间状语“today”可知，用现在完成时态。故选D。 14．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物，因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternoon”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，本句话为将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情，其结构为“will be doing sth.”。故选B。 15．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 16．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 17．（2024·天津红桥·二模）—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? —Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. A．didn’t see B．wouldn’t see C．hasn’t seen D．hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：—阿伦昨天见到老朋友高兴吗？—是的，他挺高兴。他很久没看见老朋友了。说明是昨天之前很长时间没看见老朋友了，该动作属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故选D。 18．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? —I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. A．had started B．started C．have started D．was starting 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：考查时态：句意：——托尼打电话的时候你正在做什么？--我刚刚完成作业，正准备洗澡，根据“—I had just finished my work”可知此处表示过去马上就要发生的动作，用过去进行时表过去将来，故选D。 19．（2024·天津河西·二模）Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A．have developed B．had developed C．will have developed D．developed 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then（到那时），可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。 20．（2024·天津河西·一模）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。 21．（2024·天津河西·一模）This amusement park with all the exciting rides and other fun activities _____also home to  outdoor concerts every summer. A．are B．have been C．is D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致，句意：这家游乐园有着所有令人兴奋的游乐设施和其他有趣的活动，它还是每年夏天室外音乐会的举办地。主语为the amusement park，并且every summer提示用一般现在时，谓语为第三人称单数，用is，故选C。 22．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：多年来，他的大部分歌曲以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏——从爵士乐到乡村音乐。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语Over the years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合songs和动词sing为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选B项。 23．（2024·天津·二模）When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在地震后重建古城时，当地政府确保原始文化和建筑得到了精心保护。由made sure可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，preserve是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语cultures and architects是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是复数，故选B。 24．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致。句意：石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员在5月5日的汤姆斯杯颁奖典礼上被授予一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态。根据句子中的“on May 5th(在5月5日)”可知，这个动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，“Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members(石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员)”表示主语是Shi Yuqi，而"as well as his badminton team members" 作主语的补充，不影响谓语动词的数。因此，谓语动词应该与单数主语"Shi Yuqi"保持一致，使用单数形式，故选C。 25．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：自从绿色农村计划启动以来，已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知，本句为现在完成时，Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系，Many a +单数名词，谓语动词为单数。故选A。 26．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嘿!我的手机上有一条消息，告诉我我赢得了罗马双人周末游的奖励。——删除它!这是个骗局。许多人被这样的把戏骗过。根据“Delete it! It’s a trick”可知，本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。Many a+单数名词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been cheated。故选C项。 27．（2024·天津·一模）Many a house ______ in the powerful earthquake. Fortunately, large amounts of money ______ so far for those homeless in the disastrous earthquake in Gansu Province. A．was damaged; have been collected B．were damaged; has been collected C．has been damaged; was collected D．have been damaged; were collected 【答案】A 【详解】考查动时态、语态和主谓一致。许多房子在强烈地震中被毁。幸运的是，到目前为止，已经为甘肃省灾难性地震中的无家可归者筹集了大量资金。damage和主语house之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“many a+名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数；collect和money之间是被动关系，根据so far可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，large amounts of做主语，谓语动词用复数。故选A项。 28．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends ____ into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的两个密友去年被北京的大学录取了。动词admit意为“准许……加入；接收入院”，结合last year可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且Linda as well as her two close friends有admit为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致，本句谓语与Linda一致，be动词用was。选项A为一般过去时的被动语态，选项B为一般过去时的被动语态，选项C为现在完成时的被动语态，选项D为过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 29．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：令人惊讶的是，海洋包含了地球上99%的生存空间，但到目前为止，人类探索的空间还不到10%。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语10% of that space与动词explore是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故选A。 30．（2022·天津·一模）—Tom, how are you doing with the job hunting? —To be frank. I’m still hesitating whether to accept the position I _______ at the job fair. A．had been offered B．was offered C．offered D．had offered 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：——你找工作的事情怎么样了？——说实话，我还在犹豫是否接受人才市场上给我提供的职位。根据句子语境可知，我是找工作的，所以应该是：我被提供工作，主语I与offer之间为被动关系，句中需要被动语态，根据上下文，被提供工作是在过去，所以本句用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 31．（2024·天津·二模）Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：莉莉也想读这部科幻小说，所以你读完后请给她。设空处为从句谓语，根据句意可知，此处是你读完这本书后，把它给莉莉，强调的是动作的完成，应用现在完成时，主语you，助动词使用have。故选A。 32．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 33．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个社区的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是外国人。分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词的形式要以of后面的名词而定，neighbourhood是不可数名词，所以，第一个空格处用is；the majority of后面的名词决定了它的谓语单复数形式，如果后面接可数名词复数，则谓语用复数，如果接不可数名词，则谓语用单数，所以the majority of the residents指的是复数概念，因此与are连用。故选C项。 34．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：我家附近有一条河，过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 35．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，不止一代的学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。根据时间状语For many years可知，用现在完成时；“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B。 36．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的80年里，超过5亿美元投入该基金，购买了500多万英亩的栖息地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语over the past eighty years可知，此处应使用现在完成时，go into与句子主语Better than half a billion dollars之间为主动关系，且金钱作主语时看作一个整体，所以谓语动词使用单数形式，所以该句的谓语形式为has gone into。故选D项。 37．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬，加强了狄更斯作为一名主要小说家的地位。先行词The publication of Great Expectations在定语从句中作主语，是单数概念，根据主谓一致的原则，所以谓语动词用单数，再根据主句谓语动词strengthened是一般过去时可知，从句用一般过去时。故应选C项。 38．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 39．（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left. A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你为什么这么着急？——因为火车将在上午10点离开，几乎没有剩余时间了。A. left一般过去时；B. shall leave一般将来时；C. has left现在完成时；D. leaves一般现在时。这句话描述的是按照列车时间表，火车将要离开，表示的是按照计划或时间表将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，主语the train是第三人称单数。故选D。 40．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The movie is boring. By the time the movie ended, I______ asleep. A．have fallen B．have been fallen C．had fallen D．had been fallen 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这部电影很无聊。电影结束的时候，我已经睡着了。先理解句子的语境和时态。句子描述的是电影结束后的情况，即“到电影结束时，我已经...”。由于“电影结束”是一个过去的动作，需要使用过去时态来描述这个时刻之前已经发生的事情，即“过去的过去”， 因此用过去完成时，主语I 和 fall asleep之间是主动关系，因此用过去完成时的主动形式。故选C项。 单句改错 1．When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2．Tony was scared and begun to cry. 3．My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. 4．As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. If you are me, would you talk to him? 5．In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. 6．It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 7．Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. 8．However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 9．We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. 10．He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. 11．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 12．Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 13．When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 14．During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 15．They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 16．At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” 17．I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 18．One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 19．Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. 20．My dad don’t like the bow of soup and I don’t enjoy apples. 21．His first novel received good reviews since it came out last month. 22．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has reached so far by the two sides. 23．Unless extra money found, the theatre will close. 24．Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. 25．Large quantities of money have spent in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far. 26．I read half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 27．I wonder if it will snow tomorrow. If it snow tomorrow, I will go skiing. 28．As we all know, the Olympic Games held every four years. 29．You are always surf the net! Why not finish your homework first? 30．This is the first time I visited your hometown, so I know little about it. 31．In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 32．Kate, one of my close friends, come from Guangzhou. 33．Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday. 34．The writer and translator are delivering a speech in our school now. 35．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing. 36．Large quantities of food has been sent to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days. 37．The teacher, as well as 6 girls and 8 boys, were visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 38．No one in the department but Tom and I know that the director will resign. 39．The country life the elderly couple was used to have changed greatly since 1992. 40．What the science teacher does and says are of great importance to college students. 【答案】1．think→ thought 2．begun→ began 3．去掉in；anything→ something；better→ best；decide→ decided 4．tell→ told；friend→ friends；are→ were；him→ them 5．was→ is 6．had →have 7．去掉can或can→ should；thought→ think 8．such→ so；tell→ told 9．get→got ；去掉on 10．was→ were；knowing→ know；去掉had 11．so→but/yet；goes→went 12．Beside→Besides；informations→information；came→comes；在pick前加to 13．删除realize后的of；had→have；and→but；took→taken 14．countryside前加the；find→ found 15．us→ me；unwilling前加was；for改为with；are→ were 16．include→ includes；mistake→ mistakes 17．opens→ open；required→ requires 18．amazing→amazed；将more去掉；is→was 19．start→started；for→but/yet 20．the→a；don’t→doesn’t 21．received前加has 22．has后加been 23．found前加is 24．using→used 25．have后加been 26．read前加have 27．第二个snow→snows 28．held前加are 29．surf→surfing 30．visited前加have 31．become→becomes 32．come→comes 33．wish→wishes 34．are→is 35．needs→need 36．has→have 37．were→was 38．know→knows 39．have→has 40．are→is 【解析】1．考查时态。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我希望住在城市里。我以为在那里我会很快乐。根据前文“When I was a child”可知，此处描述过去的想法，应用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式，think应改为thought。故将think改为thought。 2．考查时态。句意：托尼很害怕，开始哭了起来。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，scared是过去式，begin也应用过去式began，begun是过去分词形式，错误，应改为began。故将begun改为began。 3．考查介词、不定代词、形容词最高级和时态。句意：我的足球教练上周退休了。我想在他的退休派对上为他做些特别的事。我妈妈做的饼干是世界上最好的，所以我决定向她求助。last week在句子中作状语，前不用介词in，应去掉；anything用于否定句和疑问句，此处是肯定句，应用something；“in the world”提示此处应用最高级，better应改为best ；根据前文“last week (上周)”可知，此处描述过去的决定，应使用一般过去时，decide应改为过去式decided。故去掉 in；将anything改为something；better 改成 best；decide改为decided。 4．考查时态、名词、虚拟语气和代词。句意：正如我上次告诉你的，我在这里交了三个新朋友。如果你是我，你会和他们说话吗？根据“last time”可知本句应使用一般过去时，tell应改为told；根据数词“three (三个)”可知friend应用复数形式friends；此处是虚拟语气，if 引导的条件状语从句中，与现在相反的虚拟语气中，be动词应用were；根据上文“I made three new friend here (我在这里交了三个新朋友)”可知，此处指和三个新朋友交流，为复数，him应改为them。故将tell改为told；friend改为friends；are改为were；him改为them。 5．考查时态。句意：早上，这里到处都是锻炼的学生。根据“In the mornings (早上)”可知，此处描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时，was应改为is。故将was改为is。 6．考查时态。句意：用餐时间总是挤满了顾客。有些人甚至不得不等在外面。结合上文“is always crowded”可知，此处描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故将had改为have。 7．考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。我认为这是个好主意。suggest 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，故可去掉can或把can 改为should；结合上文“Some classmates suggest”可知，此处描述的是一个客观情况，应使用一般现在时，故将 thought改为think。故去掉can或将can改为should；thought改为think。 8．考查副词和时态。句意：然而，我的父母似乎不这么认为。他们总是告诉我该做什么和怎么做。such为形容词，不能直接作状语，应改为副词so；结合语境可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应使用一般过去时，故将tell改为told。故将such改为so；tell改为told。 9．考查时态和短语。句意：我们早上起得很早。爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物。此处描述的是过去的情况，应使用一般过去时，故将get改为got；“go shopping”为固定短语，表示“去购物”，中间不加on，应去掉on。故将get改为got ；去掉on。 10．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：他会问我们是谁，假装不认识我们。然后他和我妈妈会喝一杯，她准备晚餐，他们会谈论他和她的一天。主语是we，为复数，be动词应用were；pretend to do sth为固定短语，表示“假装做某事”，此处应使用know；“would have done”表示对过去事情的假设，而此处是陈述过去的真实情况，应使用“would do”结构，所以去掉had。故将was改成were；knowing改为know；去掉had。 11．考查连词和一般过去时。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的命令，但一旦我启动了汽车，我的大脑就一片空白。我完全忘记了他对我说的话。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but/yet；根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时。故将so改为but/yet；将goes改为went。 12．考查副词/名词/主谓一致/非谓语动词。句意：此外，他们经常从互联网上得到一些有用的信息。当夏天到来的时候，他们会邀请他们的学生采摘新鲜的蔬菜！beside是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要用副词作状语，应用besides；information是不可数名词，没有复数形式；结合前文时态以及句意可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语summer表示单数意义，谓语动词应用单数；invite sb to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。故将Beside改为Besides；将informations改为information；came改为comes；在pick前加to。 13．考查动词用法/时态/连词/语态。句意：当我看着自己的照片时，我意识到时间过得真快。在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上成长了，而且在精神上也成长了。大约在这张照片拍摄一个月后，我进入了高二，成为了学校音乐俱乐部的新成员。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词；根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时；固定短语not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，是固定短语；此处是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，应用过去分词taken。故删除realize后的of；将had改为have ；将and改为but；将took改为taken。 14．考查冠词和时态。句意：在我去年的寒假期间，我和父亲去了乡下看望我的祖父母。我发现那里有很大的变化。“countryside”前要加定冠词“the”，表示“乡下，农村”，所以在countryside前加the；“find”时态错误，因句子讲述过去的事情，用使用一般过去时，应把find改成found。故将countryside前加the；find改成found。 15．考查代词、时态和介词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌游戏会帮助我的大脑。但有时我还是不愿意和他们一起玩游戏。直到上了高中我才意识到我父母是多么正确。“say to us”中“us”使用错误，根据下文“my brain(我的大脑)”可知此处说的是作者本人，应将us改为me；；“unwilling”前缺少系动词“was”，构成“was unwilling”；“for them”使用错误，“和某人一起玩”应用“play with sb”；“are”时态错误，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，应用“were”。故将us改为me；unwilling前加was；for改为with；are改为were。 16．考查主谓一致和名词。句意：那一刻，我想起父亲曾经说过：“教室是学习的地方，这包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。”分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为place，“that include”中“include”使用错误，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因从句的主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，所以将include改为includes；“mistake”在句子中所在的位置为宾语，因此处表示的是数目不确定的名词，应使用复数形式“mistakes”，所以将mistake改为mistakes。故将include改为includes；mistake改为mistakes。 17．考查不定式和动词时态。句意：我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。虽然它看起来很简单，但它需要很多想法和努力。此处使用不定式做表语，表示将来的动作，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open；根据前文的is可知，句子的短文的主体时态都是一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故把 required改为 requires。故答案为 opens改为 open； required改为 requires。 18．考查形容词和动词时态。句意：一个是我对一个病人在看完医生后会感觉好得多的事实感到惊讶。另一个是我想帮助有需要的人。amaze为动词，意为“使惊奇；使惊愕”，其形容词形式有amazed意为“使人感到惊奇的”，amazing意为“令人大为惊奇的”。本句话中主语为I，-ed结尾的形容词对人进行修饰。故将amazing改为amazed。同时，句中well意为“健康；身体好”，better为其比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用“more+形容词或副词”，即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。同时，根据前文的was可知，句子的时态是一般过去时。故将is改为was。故答案为amazing改为amazed；将more去掉；is改为was。 19．考查动词时态和连词。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了，但我早就不练习了。此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。同时，前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”，前后构成转折关系，故用but或者yet，故将for改为but / yet。故答案为：start改为started；for改为but / yet。 20．考查冠词、动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢吃苹果。此处泛指“一碗汤”，bowl以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a；同时句子表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。故答案为the改成a；don’t改成doesn’t。 21．考查时态。句意：自从上个月出版以来，他的小说收到了好评。根据下文“since it came out last month(自从上个月出版以来)”可知，本句表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词应用has，故在received前加has。 22．考查被动语态。句意：尽管之前的多轮谈话，到目前为止双方还没有达成一致。分析句子结构，因主语agreement与谓语reach之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据助动词has可知本句使用了现在完成时的被动语态，故在has后加been。 23．考查被动语态。句意：除非找到额外的资金，否则剧院将会倒闭。分析句子结构，这是一个包含unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句，从句主语extra money与谓语find之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，故在found前加is。 24．考查被动语态。句意：每一天他都确保烹饪用的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，从句主语fresh vegetables or high quality oil与谓语use之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，故将using改为used。 25．考查被动语态。句意：到目前为止，为寻找这个疾病的治疗方法已经花了大量的钱。分析句子结构，主语Large quantities of money与谓语spend之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据助动词have可知句子使用的是现在完成时的被动语态，故在have后加been。 26．考查时态。句意：我把这本英文小说读了一半了，我将努力在周末读完。根据“half of the English novel(英文小说的一半)”可知本句表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，故在read前加have。 27．考查时态。句意：我想知道明天会不会下雪。如果明天下雪，我将去滑雪。第二个句子为包含条件状语从句的复合句，根据主将从现的原则，条件状语从句使用一般现在时，由于从句主语it为单数第三人称，谓语动词snow使用单数第三人称形式，故第二个snow改为snows。 28．考查被动语态。句意：我们都知道，奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。分析句子结构，主语the Olympic Games与谓语hold之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，故在held前加are。 29．考查时态、固定短语。句意：你总是在上网，为什么不先完成作业呢？分析句子结构，be always doing为固定短语，使用现在进行时表示一种带有感情色彩的表达，故将surf改为surfing。 30．考查时态。句意：这是我第一次参观你们这个城镇，所以我了解的不太多。根据“This is the first time(这是我第一次)”可知本句表达的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，故在visited前加have。 31．考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将become改为becomes。 32．考查主谓一致。句意：凯特，我的好朋友之一，来自广州。one of my close fiends作主语Kate的同位语，谓语动词应用单数。故将come改为comes。 33．考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生而且老师都希望放假。Not only…but also…连接两个并列主语，谓语动词应遵循就近原则，与teacher 保持一致。故将wish改为wishes。 34．考查主谓一致。句意：那位作家兼翻译家现在正在我们学校做演讲。The writer and translator表示“那位作家兼翻译家”，指同一个人，谓语动词应用单形式。故将are改为is。 35．考查主谓一致。句意：由于洪水的严重影响，该地区有三分之二的建筑物需要修复。分数+名词/代词作主语，谓语动词应与名词或代词的数保持一致，此处的中心词为buildings，谓语动词应用复数。故将needs改为need。 36．考查主谓一致。句意：在过去的几天里，人们向洪水灾民运送了大量的食物。Large quantities of n.复数作主语，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，用复数形式。故将has改为have。 37．考查主谓一致。句意：地震发生时，这位老师以及6名女孩和8名男孩正在参观一家博物馆。as well as连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的数应遵循就远原则，与teacher保持一致。故将were改为was。 38．考查主谓一致。句意：除了汤姆和我，部门里没有人知道主任要辞职。主语后面是but, except等介词短语时，谓语动词的数应遵循就远原则，与No one保持一致。故将know改为knows。 39．考查主谓一致，句意：自1992年以来，这对老夫妇所习惯的乡村生活发生了很大的变化。the elderly couple was used to是定语从句，先行词是The country life，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词的数保持一致，所以此处谓语动词应用单数形式。故将have改为has。 40．考查主谓一致。句意：科学老师的言行对大学生来说是非常重要的。 主语为What引导的主语从句，主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。故将are改为is。 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is being restored B．is restored C．is restoring D．restores 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放，工程即将完工。A. is being restored正在被修复，现在进行时的被动语态；B. is restored被修复，一般现在时的被动语态；C. is restoring正在修复，现在进行时；D.restores修复，一般现在时。此句the wooden tower是先行词，做定语从句的主语，restore是定语从句的谓语动词，二者在逻辑上是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored，故选A项。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。 6．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 7．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。 8．（2021·天津·高考真题）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。 9．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 11．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。 12．（2020·天津·高考真题）—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A．have been practising B．was practising C．would practise D．had practised 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。 13．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）—The machine is working again！ —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A．has been fixed B．is being fixed C．had been fixed D．would be fixed 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。 15．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知，应用过去时，排除选项A和B；本句的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 16．（2019·天津·高考真题）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，所以发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。 17．（2019·天津·高考真题）I took notes during the meeting, but I a chance to write them into a report so far. A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．hadn’t had D．won’t have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：会议期间我做了笔记，但到目前为止我还没有机会把它们写进报告里。根据句中时间状语so far可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故B选项正确。 18．（2018·天津·高考真题）I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我一收到邮寄来的驾照，就高兴得跳了起来。the moment引导的时间状语从句，主句主语与从句主语几乎同时发生，且句子都为一般过去时。故选B项。 19．（2018·天津·高考真题）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A．was repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。 20．（2017·天津·高考真题）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012. A．are dropping B．is dropping C．have dropped D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：自2012年1月以来，该地区销售电脑的公司数量已经下降。A. are dropping现在进行时，复数形式；B. is dropping现在进行时，单数形式；C. have dropped现在完成时，复数形式；D. has dropped现在完成时，单数形式。根据句中时间状语since January 2012可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，又因短语The number of + n.作主语时视为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。综上，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，单数形式。故选D项。 21．（2017·天津·高考真题）One night, at about midnight, I ______ the sky for about an hour. The stars were shining like diamonds. A．have watched B．had watched C．watch D．watched 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：一天晚上，午夜时分，我看了大约一个小时的天空。星星像钻石一样闪闪发光。根据时间状语one night，可知此句描述的是在过去的时间里发生的事，和现在没有联系，也没有和过去的动作以及时间上的先后对比，所以用一般过去时，故选D。 22．（2017·天津·高考真题）I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A．was driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型和过去进行时。句意：我正开着车去伦敦的路上，这时我发现走错路了。be doing sth when 结构表示“正在做某事，这时…”。为固定句型。根据时态一致原则，可知这里用过去进行时，故选A。 23．（2017·天津·高考真题）（2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…“把……看作……”和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D。再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。 24．（2016·天津·高考真题）When walking down the street, I came across David, who I _____ for years. A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen C．hadn’t seen D．wouldn’t see 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。 25．（2015·天津·高考真题）Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A．will teach B．would teach C．has taught D．will be teaching 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o'clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。 26．（2015·天津·高考真题）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________so far by the two sides. A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。 27．（2014·天津·高考真题）We won’t start the work until all the preparations ___________. A．are being made B．will be made C．have been made D．had been made 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一切准备就绪后我们才开始工作。根据句意，preparations 与谓语make之间是被动关系，谓语动词应该用被动语态；分析句子结构可知，这是一个not...until引导的时间状语从句，主句中用一般将来时won’t ，从句中应该用现在时态的一种形式；结合句意，从句用现在完成时强调“做好准备”这个动作，对现在的影响就是可以“开始工作了”，符合语境及语法结构。综上分析，谓语动词应该用现在完成时的被动语态 have been made。故选C项。 28．（2013·天津·高考真题）The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes. A．had repaired B．have repaired C．repaired D．are repairing 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：水供应被暂时切断是因为工人们正在修主水管。由句意可知，用现在进行时（现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动），是因为正在修主水管，水供应才被暂时切断。故选D项。 29．（2012·天津·高考真题） The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer. A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年我们中的三个人在欧洲旅行了一个月。根据last summer可知，谓语动词需用过去式。故选A。 30．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss_______ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 【答案】A 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，谓语动词用were put, 故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 动词的时态语态及主谓一致（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 动词的时态语态及主谓一致 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】近5年天津卷对于动词的时态语态的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查： 1．动词的过去完成时及其被动语态 2．动词的现在完成时及其被动语态 3．动词的现在完成进行时 4．动词的现在进行时及其被动语态 5．动词的将来进行时 6．动词的一般过去时及其被动语态 7．动词的一般现在时及其被动语态 近5年天津卷对于主谓一致的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查：语法一致 【备考策略】 高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对动词时态的掌握情况，考点主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时，且常与主谓一致及被动语态搭配考查。考生要关注语境中表示时间的单词、短语或者动词时态标志词，必要时可通过句意判断动词的时态语态；要牢记主谓一致三原则，特别是语法一致原则。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择对动词的时态语态和主谓一致的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查进行时和完成时及其被动语态，以及主谓一致的语法一致原则。 必备基础知识： 动词的十六种时态及其基本形式（红字为天津卷非高考考纲内容） 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时 主动 do/does 被动 am/is/are done 一般过去时 主动 did 被动 was/were done 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do am/is/are about to do am/is/are to do 过去将来时 would do was/were going to do was/were about to do was/were to do 进行 现在进行时 主动 am/is/are doing 被动 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 主动 was/were doing 被动 was/were being done 将来进行时 主动 will be doing 被动 will be being done 过去将来进行时 完成 现在完成时 主动 have/has done 被动 have/has been done 过去完成时 主动 had done 被动 had been done 将来完成时 主动 will have done 被动 will have been done 过去将来完成时 完成 进行 现在完成进行时 主动 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时 重难点知识： 考点精讲01一般体 时态 意义 例句 一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语有always, usually, every day/year/morning/night, sometimes, often等。 I go to school every day. 我每天都去上学。 He is always like that. 他总是那样。 客观真理、科学事实、名言警句等 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围着太阳转。 表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。 The train leaves at 8 pm every Thursday. 这趟火车每周四晚上八点离开。 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表将来。（主将从现） Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.无论发生什么,你都要保持头脑冷静。 一般过去时 指过去的情况或所处的状态，或表示过去经常发生的动作。常见的时间状语有yesterday, just now, last night/ week/ year, in 2016, the other day, three days ago, the day before yesterday等。 He came here yesterday. 昨天他来这里了。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 He would be surprised when he came back. 等他回来的时候他会很惊讶。 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。 He will graduate from college next year. 他明年将大学毕业。 Spring will come again.春天还会再来。 will表示事先未经过计划就去做某事。 “be going to+动词原形”常表示“计划/打算/即将做某事”，也可以表示“根据现在的迹象，对未来进行判断”。 Tom is ill? I'll go to see him. 汤姆病了？我去看看他。 I am going to buy a new coat this winter. 今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。 “be about to do”表示即将发生的动作。 The talk is just about to begin.会谈即将开始。 “be to do”表示计划、安排或用来征求意见。 Am I to take over his work? 我是不是要接管他的工作？ 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的事,常用的这类动词有come、go、take、have、move、meet、arrive、leave、start等。 I'm meeting Jack at the station at four tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午四点去车站接杰克。 过去将来时 表示从过去某时看来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 1．（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left. A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves 2．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Assuming an earthquake ______what will we do? A．to happen B．happens C．happening D．will happen 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）The moment the final whistle blew, we crupted in cheers, knowing our team ______ the championship. A．won B．has won C．have won D．would win 4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）I know something about Johnson, for he ______ in my sister’s school for three months last year. A．had worked B．worked C．had been working D．would work 5．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 6．（2022·天津·模拟预测）—Have you decided which university are you going to apply for? —Not yet. Before I make the final decision, I ______ it with my parents and my teachers. A．discuss B．discussed C．was discussing D．will discuss 7．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 考点精讲02进行体 时态 意义 例句 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：now, right now, at present, at this moment, currently等。 --What are you doing? 你在干什么? --I'm not doing anything at present.我现在什么也没干。 always, continually, constantly与进行时连用，表达感情色彩，如高兴、赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等。 He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。 部分动词或动词词组的进行时表“将来”之意，这些动词或动词词组有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, take off等。 I'm coming! 我这就来！ The ambulance is arriving. 救护车马上就来。 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：then, at that time等。 I was practising the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.昨晚八点我在练小提琴。 My brother fell when he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时摔倒了，伤了自己。 将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作或所处的状态，常用的时间状语：then, at that time等。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Mount Huang this time next week. 下周的这个时候丹尼尔一家将正在黄山享受他们的假期。 1．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I ________ in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）—May I take the typewriter away? —Sorry, I ______ it. A．am using B．used C．have used D．was using 3．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 4．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）We ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectation to us. A．were observing B．have observed C．would observe D．observed 5．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 6．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 考点精讲03完成体 时态 意义 例句 现在完成时 用于强调过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响，说的是和现在有关的情况。常用的时间状语：in/over/ during the last/ past four years/months/days, since, lately, recently, up to now, so far, till now等。 In the last two years, we have learned 1,000 English words. 在过去的两年里，我们学了一千个英语单词。 So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. 为了构建低碳经济,到目前为止我们已经做了很多,但还远不够理想。 since引导一般过去时态的从句或后接过去的时间点时，主句/句子常用现在完成时。 It has been 3 years since he came here.他来这里三年了。 We have learned 1,000 words since 2019.从2019年至今，我们学了一千个单词了。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，主句用一般将来时，表示将来完成某事之后的情况。（主将从现） When you have finished your homework, I'll take you to the park. 你做完作业后,我就带你去公园。 过去完成时 表示在过去的一个动作或时间之前完成的事情。（简称“过去的过去”） She had learned some English before she came to the college. 她在来学院前学过一些英语。 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think、suppose等，其过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图，译为“本……”。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) I had thought you would come tomorrow.我本以为你明天才来。 “hardly/scarcely/barely…when…”“no sooner…than…”表示“一……就……”，hardly/no sooner后用过去完成时，when/than后用一般过去时 I had hardly got home when the rain poured down. I had no sooner got home than the rain poured down. 我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。 将来完成时 表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。 By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 现在完成进行时 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，且现在还在进行，常用的时间状语：the whole year, all day He has been looking for his lost child the whole year. 他这一整年一直在找他丢失的孩子。 其他与完成时连用的句式 “by+时间点”，主句用完成时 by+将来时间点，主句用将来完成时 By the end of next year, we'll have learned2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 by+现在时间点，主句用现在完成时 By now we have learned 1,500 English words. 到现在为止，我们学习了1,500个英语单词。 by+过去时间点，主句用过去完成时 By 2022, I had been abroad for 10 years. 到2022年，我已经在国外待10年了。 “by the time+时间状语从句”，主句用完成时 “by the time+时间状语从句（过去时）”，主句用过去完成时 By the time he came back, we had learned 1,000 English words. 他回来的时候，我们已经学习了1,000个英语单词了。 “by the time+时间状语从句（现在时）”，主句用将来完成时 By the time he comes back, we will have learned 1,000 English words. 他回来的时候，我们将会学习完1,000个英语单词了。 “这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”，从句用完成时 This/That/It is the first/second/… time that sb. has/have done sth. This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京。 This/That/It was the first/ second/… time that sb. had done sth. That was the first time that I had been to Beijing. 那是我第一次去北京。 1．（2023·天津·模拟预测）In the past decades, some number plates _______ extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. A．had become B．have become C．has become D．became 2．（22-23高三下·天津红桥·开学考试）—Are you waiting for a bus from the office of the City Government? —Yes. I arrived here at the bus stop ten minutes ago, but the bus _______. A．hadn’t come B．won’t come C．didn’t come D．hasn’t come 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 4．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The movie is boring. By the time the movie ended, I______ asleep. A．have fallen B．have been fallen C．had fallen D．had been fallen 5．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 6．（23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）The Browns ________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to Australia two years ago. A．have been missing B．had been missing C．were missing D．will be missing 7．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 8．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 9．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ from my home for 5 months by next Sunday. A．am away B．will have been away C．have been away D．will be away 考点精讲04主动形式表被动意义 用法 例句 系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep, stay后接形容词或名词构成系表结构。 Steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。 It has gone bad. 这个东西已经变质了。 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如 read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash ,clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等，一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 The coat dries easily. 这件外衣容易干。 Your article reads well. 你的文章读起来不错。 有些动词的后面可以用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,如 want, deserve, need, require等。不及物动词的动词-ing形式后面还应该有适当的介词。 The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提及。 The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照看。 某些作表语的形容词后要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 The rock is hard to break. 这块巨石很难打碎。 1．（21-22高三上·天津·开学考试）The problems to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow are really hard ________. A．to be solved B．solved C．solving D．to solve 2．（2021·天津红桥·二模）— Excuse me, is the book Gone with the wind by Margaret Mitchell available now? — Sorry, but it ______ so well that we don’t have any in store. A．sells B．is sold C．has sold D．has been sold 考点精讲05主谓一致的语法一致原则 语法一致原则指主语和谓语通常要遵循语法基本原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 主语 谓语动词单复数 例句 every… and every… each… and each… no… and no… 单数 Every boy and every girl is here. Each teacher and each student has seen the film. many a / more than one + 可数名词单数 单数 Many a page in this book is missing. More than one student has failed the exam. a number of + 可数名词复数 复数 A number of students are from the south. the number of + 可数名词复数 单数 The number of students from the north is small. half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/ lots/ plenty/ 分数 + of + 可数名词复数 复数 One third of the books are worth reading. half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/ lots/ plenty/ 分数+ of + 不可数名词 单数 One third of the food was wasted. a kind/type/sort/species/series of + 名词 单数 This type of buses is now on show. kinds/types/sorts/species/series of + 名词 复数 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 2．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 3．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 4．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 5．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 考点精讲06主谓一致的意义一致原则 有些谓语动词的单复数形式应该与主语的意义保持一致。 主语 谓语动词单复数 例句 and连接两个单数名词，表示同一人或物 单数 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 这位歌手兼舞蹈演员要来参加我们的晚会。 When and where to go has not been decided yet.何时去和去哪里还未确定。 由无生命的集体名词clothing, furniture, traffic, jewelry, baggage, luggage, equipment, information等作主语 Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste. 现代家具有点过于简朴，我不大喜欢。 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等的复数名词表达一个整体概念作主语 Fifty years is not a long time. 五十年并不长。 Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4,000美元。 动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句作主语 Helping others means helping ourselves. 帮助他人意味着帮助我们自己。 Whether she comes or not is of no matter. 她来不来没关系。 由 and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念作主语 复数 Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 那家食品杂货店的面包和黄油都卖光了。 有生命的集体名词 people, police, cattle等作主语 The police are also looking for a second car. 警方也在寻找第二辆车。 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词goods, stairs, arms, scissors, trousers, customs, jeans, belongings等作主语 The goods are to be exported to Canada. 这些货物要出口到加拿大。 All his belongings were burnt in the fire. 他所有的财物都在大火中付之一炬。 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, minority, enemy, party, crowd, audience, committee, government, majority, group等作主语强调整体时谓语动词用单数，指个体成员时谓语动词用复数。 单复数视情况而定 The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口在迅速增长。 One third of the population here are workers. 这里的人口的三分之一是工人。 单复数同形的名词means, works, deer, fish, sheep等作主语时。 Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。 The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的通信手段都中断了。 all、none、some、any等不定代词作主语时。 None of the money in the pocket is his. 兜里的钱没有一分是他的。 None of the pens are/is mine. 没有一支钢笔是我的。 1．（23-24高三上·天津·期中）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 2．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）The police____to the spot____order immediately. A．was sent; to keep B．were sent; keeping C．was sent; keeping D．were sent; to keep 3．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Each means ______to solve the problem, but none is effective. A．have been tried out B．were tried out C．is tried out D．has been tried out 考点精讲07主谓一致的就近原则、就远原则 原则 意义及用法 例句 就近原则 主语由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only… but also, not… but…, there be句型等连接两个或以上的并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来。 Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他都不该受责备。 There are two books, a pen and a computer on the table. 桌子上有两本书，一支笔和一台电脑。 就远原则 主语后跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, including, but, except, in addition to, rather than, instead of等结构时，谓语动词的单复数要与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 老师和学生都喜欢这幅画。 1．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 2．（2020·天津·一模）We have decided that either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting tomorrow. A．is handing out B．are to hand out C．are handing out D．is to hand out 3．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 4．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 2．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 4．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 5．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 6．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 7．（2024·天津南开·一模）Tom, along with his assistants, ________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A．work B．have been working C．is working D．are working 8．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 9．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 10．（2024·天津·一模）May Day is approaching. At this time next month I ______ to Hainan for holiday. A．will be flying B．will fly C．have been flying D．have flown 11．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 12．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 13．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 14．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 15．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 16．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 17．（2024·天津红桥·二模）—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? —Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. A．didn’t see B．wouldn’t see C．hasn’t seen D．hadn’t seen 18．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? —I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. A．had started B．started C．have started D．was starting 19．（2024·天津河西·二模）Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A．have developed B．had developed C．will have developed D．developed 20．（2024·天津河西·一模）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 21．（2024·天津河西·一模）This amusement park with all the exciting rides and other fun activities _____also home to  outdoor concerts every summer. A．are B．have been C．is D．has been 22．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 23．（2024·天津·二模）When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 24．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 25．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 26．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 27．（2024·天津·一模）Many a house ______ in the powerful earthquake. Fortunately, large amounts of money ______ so far for those homeless in the disastrous earthquake in Gansu Province. A．was damaged; have been collected B．were damaged; has been collected C．has been damaged; was collected D．have been damaged; were collected 28．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends ____ into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 29．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 30．（2022·天津·一模）—Tom, how are you doing with the job hunting? —To be frank. I’m still hesitating whether to accept the position I _______ at the job fair. A．had been offered B．was offered C．offered D．had offered 31．（2024·天津·二模）Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 32．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 33．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 34．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 35．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 36．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 37．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A．is B．are C．was D．were 38．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 39．（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left. A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves 40．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The movie is boring. By the time the movie ended, I______ asleep. A．have fallen B．have been fallen C．had fallen D．had been fallen 单句改错 1．When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2．Tony was scared and begun to cry. 3．My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. 4．As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. If you are me, would you talk to him? 5．In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. 6．It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 7．Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. 8．However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 9．We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. 10．He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. 11．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 12．Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 13．When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 14．During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 15．They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 16．At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” 17．I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 18．One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 19．Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. 20．My dad don’t like the bow of soup and I don’t enjoy apples. 21．His first novel received good reviews since it came out last month. 22．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has reached so far by the two sides. 23．Unless extra money found, the theatre will close. 24．Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. 25．Large quantities of money have spent in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far. 26．I read half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 27．I wonder if it will snow tomorrow. If it snow tomorrow, I will go skiing. 28．As we all know, the Olympic Games held every four years. 29．You are always surf the net! Why not finish your homework first? 30．This is the first time I visited your hometown, so I know little about it. 31．In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 32．Kate, one of my close friends, come from Guangzhou. 33．Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday. 34．The writer and translator are delivering a speech in our school now. 35．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing. 36．Large quantities of food has been sent to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days. 37．The teacher, as well as 6 girls and 8 boys, were visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 38．No one in the department but Tom and I know that the director will resign. 39．The country life the elderly couple was used to have changed greatly since 1992. 40．What the science teacher does and says are of great importance to college students. 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is being restored B．is restored C．is restoring D．restores 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 6．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 7．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 8．（2021·天津·高考真题）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing 9．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 11．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 12．（2020·天津·高考真题）—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A．have been practising B．was practising C．would practise D．had practised 13．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）—The machine is working again！ —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A．has been fixed B．is being fixed C．had been fixed D．would be fixed 15．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 16．（2019·天津·高考真题）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope 17．（2019·天津·高考真题）I took notes during the meeting, but I a chance to write them into a report so far. A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．hadn’t had D．won’t have 18．（2018·天津·高考真题）I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive 19．（2018·天津·高考真题）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A．was repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 20．（2017·天津·高考真题）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012. A．are dropping B．is dropping C．have dropped D．has dropped 21．（2017·天津·高考真题）One night, at about midnight, I ______ the sky for about an hour. The stars were shining like diamonds. A．have watched B．had watched C．watch D．watched 22．（2017·天津·高考真题）I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A．was driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove 23．（2017·天津·高考真题）（2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 24．（2016·天津·高考真题）When walking down the street, I came across David, who I _____ for years. A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen C．hadn’t seen D．wouldn’t see 25．（2015·天津·高考真题）Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A．will teach B．would teach C．has taught D．will be teaching 26．（2015·天津·高考真题）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________so far by the two sides. A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached 27．（2014·天津·高考真题）We won’t start the work until all the preparations ___________. A．are being made B．will be made C．have been made D．had been made 28．（2013·天津·高考真题）The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes. A．had repaired B．have repaired C．repaired D．are repairing 29．（2012·天津·高考真题） The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer. A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel 30．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss_______ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$