专题02 非谓语动词（知识网络+考点考法+考点练透）-备战2025年高考英语语法填空专项训练

专题02 击破非谓语动词 击破目录 第一部分 非谓语动词基础知识网络 1 一．近3年高考题中出现非谓语动词的考点统计表 1 二．非谓语动词基本知识 2 （一）非谓语动词的句法功能 2 （二）动名词 3 （三）动词不定式 5 （四）分词 15 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 21 一．思路点拨 21 二．考点归纳 21 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 28 一．高考真题51题 29 二．高考模拟试题37题 43 第1部分 非谓语动词的基础知识网络 一．近3年高考题中出现的非谓语动词考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 20 24年 新高考I卷 These sepals open 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine.(答案为to give ) 1 新高考II卷 Two years later, a pavilion_60_ (inspire) by ..., was built (答案为 inspired) visitors were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection. (答案为to find ) ___64___ (recall) watching a version and meeting Chinese actors(答案为Recalling) 3 全国甲卷 the national parks tend 61 (catch) our attention(答案为to catch) 1 全国乙卷 无 0 北京卷 some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms.(答案为knocking) Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense(答案为to rest) 3 浙江 1月卷 buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense(答案为to benefit) supermarkets have started selling chicken in packs 63 (design) with two halves (答案为designed) . 2 20 23年 新高考I卷 you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole(答案为to bite) Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home(答案为recognized) allowing them ____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket (答案为to be lifted) I am always left ______65______ (want) more (答案为wanting) 4 新高考II卷 They talk to the tourists and to 60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers(答案为visiting) 1 全国甲卷 people have told fables ___61___ (teach) a lesson(答案为to teach) her fable begins, ___65___ (borrow) some familiar words. (答案为borrowing) is a serious message ___66___ (intend) for everyone.(答案为intended) 3 全国乙卷 the city keeping its carefully __62____ (build) system of ring roads.(答案为built) __66__ (visit) several times, I was amazed(答案为Having visited) 2 北京卷 She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles(答案为to address) She addressed the struggles of people around the world __20__(face) ...(答案为facing) 2 浙江卷 the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles(答案为surrounded) 1 20 22年 新高考I卷 ___________ (cover) an area, the GPNP (答案为Covering) bring many areas _____________ (increase) effectiveness (答案为to increase) 2 新高考II卷 Henry held out his arms to catch the _____ (fall) child(答案为falling) He pushed, and climbed up ________ (see) them.(答案为to see) 2 全国甲卷 as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (答案为to journey) Inspired by the Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing(答案为held) 2 全国乙卷 It can help to build a community with a __ (share) future for mankind.(答案为shared) ________ (strengthen) the connection with young people,(答案为To strengthen) One theory, increasingly _33__ (support) by experts, suggests that(答案为supported) 3 北京卷 he might have an intention ____31____ (harm) her(答案为to harm) 1 浙江卷 that idea pushing ---, and __39_（change) their personal behavior to(答案为changing) she plans ______45______（continue） the practice. (答案为to continue) 2 三．非谓语动词的基本知识 （一）非谓语动词的句法功能 语法特征：在句子中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词，包括不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词），他们没有人称和数的变化，但保留动词的某些特征：有时态和语态的变化，有否定式，可以带宾语，状语和补语；又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等成分。 （二）动名词 1.动名词的构成 动名词由“动词原形＋ing”构成，否定式为“not＋动名词”。     语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式     (not) doing  (not) being done  完成时 (not) having done  (not) having been done 2.动名词的作用 （1）作主语：表示一种概念、习惯或者经验。 Seeing is believing. Taking a cold shower every morning does him good. 可以直接把动名词放在句首，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词放在后面。 Talking about it is no use.＝ It is no use talking about it. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. 注意：it在动名词句型中作形式主语 A．It is no use/good/fun doing… 做……是没有用的/不好的/没趣的 B．It is useful/useless/enjoyable/tiring… 做……是有用的/没用的/令人高兴的/累人的 C．It is a waste of time of doing… 做……是浪费时间的 there be 句型中动名词作主语 , there is no doing … There is no denying that a good command of English gives you an edge. There is no telling / knowing who will win the championship. There is no point arguing with such a stubborn man. There is no joking about such serious matters. （2）作宾语：动名词可作动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。 ①下列动词后常带动名词作宾语：考虑(consider)，建议(suggest)，原谅(excuse)，承认(admit)，推迟(delay)，想象(fancy)，避免(avoid)，错过(miss)，继续(keep)，操练(practise)，否定(deny)，完成(finish)，欣赏(enjoy)，禁止(forbid)，想像(imagine)，冒险(risk)，不禁(can't help)，介意(mind)，准许(allow/permit)，逃亡(escape)。 ②作介词宾语 a.介词to后接动名词作宾语：be (get)used to / be accustomed to ; stick to ; object to/be opposed to；lead to/contribute to; devote / commit / dedicate oneself to ；refer to ; look forward to; get down to；pay attention to b.作for 和in 等其他介词的宾语。 句型1：Thank you for doing sth. 句型2：主语＋have(has, had)＋difficulty (trouble)＋(in)＋doing sth. 句型3：主语＋spend /waste＋时间/金钱＋(in)＋doing sth. 句型4：prevent/stop/prohibit…(from)＋doing sth.(阻止……) 句型5：主语＋feel like＋doing sth. *作形容词 worth, busy的宾语。 The book is worth reading． The teachers are busy correcting the students' exam papers. (3)作定语 动名词放在所修饰的词前面，表示一种用途或作用。 如：a waiting / drawing room This is a swimming pool.(a pool for swimming) (4)作表语 My hobby is playing basketball. In the UK，one of the queen's jobs is meeting guests from other countries. 3.动名词的时态与语态 语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式(动作与谓语动词同时发生) doing being done 完成式(动作发生在谓语动词之前) having done having been done (1)They are all interested in playing football. (2) She admitted having stolen the necklace. (3)You can't enter the office without being invited． (4)He is proud of not having been beaten in chess. 4.动名词的复合结构 “形容词物主代词/名词所有格＋动名词”构成动名词的复合结构，其用法与动名词一样。如： Thank you for your/you coming. His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. His/Tom’s not knowing English brought him a lot of trouble. She didn’t mind Jack/Jack’s/his/him coming here. （三）动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成 动词不定式“to + 动词原形do”构成，否定式为“not＋to do”。       语态时态 主动 被动 一般式    (not) to do    (not) to be done  进行时  (not) to be doing        /  完成时 (not) to have done  (not) to have been done 完成进行时 (not) to have been doing  / 可以带宾语或者状语，构成不定式短语； 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。 2.动词不定式的作用 （1）不定式作主语 To lose heart means failure. To do two things at a time is to do neither. To finish the job took me five minutes.=It took me five minutes to finish the job.(这里的It作形式主语) It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构 ①在“It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征 kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, considerate, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。 ②在“It is+形容词+ for sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质 important, possible, likely, impossible, necessary, essential, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 It is good of you to help me with my English. (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking. (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.) （2）不定式作表语 The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. He is to marry Rose. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. 和动名词作主语/表语的区别： Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will get yourself injured. My hobby is reading sci-fi. My plan is to read a sci-fi this afternoon. 注意项目的主动形式表示被动意义 She is to blame. A great deal is yet to do. Something is still to find out. （3）不定式作宾语 常用不定式作宾语的及物动词: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, help, hesitate, hope, intend, long, manage, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, prepare, promise, refuse, strive, swear, tend, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish, would love/like等等 ①如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to” He wants to go and have a swim with us. ②若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语 People of great achievement will find it important to maintain curiosity and discontent. ③既可以跟doing，又可以跟to do作宾语的动词： a. forget, remember, regret He has forgotten seeing me before. I must remember to remind him that the garden needs watering. I regret having told him the secret. I regret to say that we don’t have it in stock. regret to do 常接动词say, tell, inform等，表示公布坏消息 b. stop, pause, go on, cease He stopped arguing with that stubborn old man. We went on to approach another tricky problem. c. try He tried to hold back his tears. He tried masking his sadness with a smile. d. mean I mean to major in archaeology in my university. Missing the train means waiting for another forty minutes. e. propose She proposed to repay the loan as soon as possible. She proposed using the herbal medicine to treat the disease. f. love, like, dislike, hate He hate being treated like a child. I like to stay at home this afternoon. g. cannot help We couldn’t help bursting into laughter when he was singing. We couldn’t help (to) solve your problem for we are occupied. h. start, begin 总体上没分别，但是： He began to realize that he had committed a serious mistake. He is starting to understand his parents’ profound life. i.continue 没有区别 allow, advise, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend等+doing sth allow, advise, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend等+sb. +to do sth We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow allow you to smoke here. I recommend stepping out of the comfort zone. I recommend you to step out of the comfort zone. They encouraged learning English with Ivy. They encouraged me to learn English with Ivy. need, require, want等+to do sth. need, require, want等 +to be done deserve Gamblers deserve to lose everything. The murderer deserved hanging / the be hanged. (4)不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代词之后，与被修饰的名词 或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。动词不定式作定语大都表示将来的/即将发生的动作。 He is not a man to tell a lie. The future to greet us will be bright. We have a lot of work to do. I have some clothes to wash. I need a pen to write with. Give me some paper to write on. I have a wish to go to college. I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. We have no need to be afraid of them! The dog found out the way to open the door. I am sure of his ability to cope with this. 某些动词派生的名词后常接不定式： agreement, arrangement, attempt, claim, decision, desire, determination, failure, need, offer, pleasure, promise, refusal, tendency, threat, warning, wish 等 某些形容词派生的名词后常接不定式： ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, freedom, patience, readiness, willingness 等 用以说明名词的内容，常接动词不定式： appeal, campaign, chance, courage, effort, evidence, opportunity, power, reason, right, skill, struggle, talent等 We must have the courage to say no to school bullying. 用于某些名词或代词后，表示它们所起的作用： Have you anything to cure my bad cold? I need a box to hold my books. 在the only、序数词或最高级修饰的名词后用动词不定式作定语： Linda was the only one to take part in the rehearsal. Edison was the first man to invent electric light. He was the first man to arrive and the last to leave. The youngest person to enter the program was just 14. 注意： ① 不定式作定语要考虑与主语的关系，主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动式；反之用被动式。 He has many things to do . He has a bike to be repaired tomorrow. ② there be和have … 句型中用主动表示说话人的行为，被动表示说话人要别人做某事。 There are some clothes to wash / to be washed. Do you have some clothes to wash / to be washed? There is a lot of work to do / to be done. 主动强调人，被动强调事物本身 There is nothing to do. / There is nothing to be done. (5)不定式作宾语补足语 谓语动词+宾语+动词不定式,动词不定式中的动作由宾语发出 He asked me to go with him. ①常见动词+宾语+to do结构 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, direct, drive, enable, expect, encourage, forbid, force, get, inform, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prepare, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish hope demand ②感官动词： 一感 feel, 二听 listen to、hear, 三使役 make、let、have，五看 see, look at, watch, notice, observe,用不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即动词+宾语+do, 并表示动作已经完成或动作的全过程。 We often hear her sing the song at home. I saw a child fall down from the tree. 除let外，其余动词被动还原to ③believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词的宾语后面可带to be + adj./n. 结构，也可省略to be, 即动词+宾语+(to be) +adj./n. We think / consider him ( to be ) a wise leader. He declared himself to be a member of the club. ④此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，介词+宾语+to do With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. ⑤ask for, appeal to, call on, wait for, depend on, count on, prepare for等词组动词后面带to的不定式作宾补。 We are waiting for the rain to stop. (6) 不定式作状语 ①目的状语 I came here to see you. To gain the upper hand, you have to double your efforts. To save money, every means has been tried.=To save money, he has tried every means. 可用in order to, so as to（不放句首）代替 不定式可加自己的逻辑主语 My father bought a book for me to read. ②结果状语 He hurried to the school to find nobody there. What have I done to offend you? 作结果状语的其他结构 He is so knowledgeable as to be respected by a lot of students. (such ..as to…) I’m afraid that there isn’t enough food to go around. The problem is too tricky for us to solve. She was too surprised to see him win the championship. 用在anxious, delighted, eager, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing之后 I’m only too glad to help you. It’s never too old to learn. 用在only, all, but, not, never, quite, really之后 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. They queued for hours, only to find the ticket had been sold out. ③条件状语 To look at him, you would like him. I should be happy to be of any service to you. ④原因状语 We were very excited to hear the news.. I could not but laugh to hear such a funny story. He’s anxious to go back straight to Beijing. (7)不定式作独立结构 To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 常见短语: to be frank / honest, to be exact, to be sure, to begin with, to say the least, needless to say, to say nothing of, to cut a long story short (8)不定式的变式，疑问词+不定式结构 常与who, which, when, where, how, what等词连用，相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等 He didn’t know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. Why do sth. ? / Why not do sth.? 3.不定式的时态 Nice to meet you. Nice to have met you. 一般式 I saw him go out.  I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow. 进行时 He pretended to be sleeping. The old man seems to be dying. 完成时 The novel is believed to have been translated into many  different languages. I’m happy to have lived with you  since I came to this school. I was to meet him at the airport. I was to have met him at the airport, but he didn’t come. be due to do be due to have done would like/love to do would like/love to have done intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等+不定式的完成时 I intended to have come to visit you. I had intended to come to visit you. (1)不定式主动表被动 sb./ sth. be to blame 用在attractive, bitter, boring, cheap, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, delicious, difficult, easy, expensive, hard, interesting, nice, simple, soft等之后 The coffee is bitter to taste. Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour out. The books are cheap enough to buy. (2)不带to的动词不定式 and连接的第二个动词不定式 感官动词后作宾补的动词不定式 why do / why not do would rather do…than do…, would sooner do…than do…, rather than do…, do nothing than do…, do (no) more than do…, do less than do… 下列结构，than后面跟不带to的动词不定式 In the course of a day, students do more than just attend classes. 下列结构，but(except, besides)后面跟不带to的动词不定式 cannot but do…, cannot help but do…, do nothing but do…, have nothing to do but do… I cannot but admire his courage. She could not help but sweep at the sad news. I have no choice but to accept the fact. He desired nothing but to succeed. (四) 分词 1.分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词 语态 时态 主动 被动 现在分词一般式   (not) doing (not) being done 现在分词完成时 (not) having done  (not) having been done 过去分词    (not) done 2.分词的作用 （1)分词作表语 出现在be动词或系动词的后面 appear, become, feel, go, get, grow, look, remain, rest, stay等 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特性，通常译为“令人…的” 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，通常译为“感到…的” disappointing/disappointed; amazing/amazed; troubling/troubled; annoying/annoyed; puzzling/puzzled… look tempting / remain aspiring appear touched / become acquainted / feel distressed / go unnoticed / look concerned / remain unsolved / rest assured / stay absorbed / grow exhausted / get caught (2)分词作定语 ①单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语 The sleeping baby seems to be having a nightmare. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. The man standing by the window is lost in his thought. The architecture designed by the famous artist attracted our attention. ②现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 boiling water / a falling star / a waiting crowd / increasing demand / lasting peace ③现在分词作定语，有时仅表示主动，不表示进行 a promising student / a tiring day / an embarrassing situation / guiding principles/neighboring countries / a walking dictionary ④现在分词的被动式作定语，只做后置定语，表示“正在被做” The house being built will be our library. Did you know the boy being questioned by the police? ⑤过去分词作定语，表示被动且完成 boiled water / fried eggs / a written report / furnished rooms ⑥过去分词作定语，有时仅仅表示完成;有时仅表示被动 an escaped prisoner / a retired worker / returned students / a departed friend the intended effect / the celebrated company falling / fallen leaves a sinking ship / a sunken ship ⑦现在分词-ing形容词和过去分词-ed形容词 the disappointing / disappointed look a frightening glance an excited scream a.有些单个词作定语，但也往往后置，如discussed, found, built, invited, made, mentioned, obtained, received, questioned, shown, told 等 Many of the people questioned refused to answer. The rules mentioned will come into effect in June. b.表示“迷路的、迷失的”，miss用现在分词，lose用过去分词 the missing / lost kid c. remain用现在分词，作前置；leave用过去分词，作后置 the remaining time the time left d.有些分词既可以前置也可以后置，含义不同 the adopted orphan / the proposal adopted concerned parents / authorities concerned the given time / the book given an involved explanation / the people involved ⑧完成时不作定语 The thief having taken her bag has been arrested. （错误） The thief who has taken her bag has been arrested. 翻译以下短语 昨晚发生的车祸the accident that happened last night 存在于唐朝的风俗the custom that existed in the Tang dynasty 上个月去世的总统the president who died last month 10分钟前到达的明星the star who arrived ten minutes earlier 表目的、结果、条件或原因 (3)分词作宾补 ①感官动词+宾语+分词作宾补 I saw the girl crossing the street. I saw the girl cross the street and run away. I saw them assembled. ②discover, find, consider 等心理状态词+宾语+宾补 I discovered him sitting near the fire, reading a book. We found the city greatly changed. I considered the problem settled. ③使役动词+宾语+宾补 动词 catch have keep get leave make send set start 现在分词 √ √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ 过去分词 X √ √ √ √ √ X X X The policeman caught the man shoplifting. We had the fire burning all day long. He had his foot injured in the match. Please keep me informed of the latest news. Can you give me some advice on how to get the conversation going? She will get the fence mended this afternoon. His words left me wondering what he meant. They left the tourists stranded at the airport. I try to make myself understood. The explosion sent things flying in all directions. The joke set us laughing. After repairing it, the mechanic managed to start the machine running again. ④ declare, need, order, want, wish等词+宾语+宾补 He declared the sports meeting closed. I need the problem (to be) approached immediately. The general ordered the army (to be) dismissed. I don’t want you (to be) involved in the scandal. Do you wish your goods (to be) delivered at once? ⑤won’t/can’t have 句型的特殊含义 用于第一人称的否定句中，表示“不允许，不能容忍” 过去分词（不允许） won’t/can’t have + 宾语 + 现在分词（不能让…做/不允许） 不带to的不定式（不能让…做） I won’t have anything said against me. I won’t have my instructions disobeyed in this way. I won’t have that sort of things happening again. I won’t have you teasing the kid. I won’t have him cheat me. I won’t have you blame it on me. (4)分词作状语 Hearing the news, they all danced for joy.时间 Heated, water changes into the steam.时间 / 条件 Being a student, I must study hard.原因 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.结果 United, we stand; divided, we fall.条件 Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.让步 The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.方式/伴随 Entering the room, he found a letter on the desk. When he entered the room, a letter was found on the desk. His entering the room, a letter was found on the desk. As we turned the corner, we saw the hospital in front of us. Turning the corner, we saw the … As he was exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep. Exhausted by the journey, he soon … It rained three days on end, so that it ruined our holiday. It rained three…, ruining our holiday. She will be unable to answer the question because she is not qualified. Not being qualified, she will be unable …. When I was reading, I fell asleep. Reading, I fell asleep. When reading, I fell asleep. If the cloth is left in the sun, it will lose its color. Left in the sun, the cloth will lose its color. If left in the sun, the cloth will lose its color. 可以直接加分词的连词： when, while, once，if, unless，although, even if，as if, as，after, before 3.分词的时态和语态 He ran up to her, breathing heavily. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. While being turned into water, ice takes in much heat. Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car. Not having met him, I can’t tell you what he is like. Having been criticized by the teacher, he corrected his error. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. considering, generally/frankly speaking, judging from / by 两个特别的介词： (1) on/upon doing Upon seeing her child get off the plane, she broke into a big smile. On reaching the age of 18, I received a precious gift from my parents. (2) with/without With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. With the authorities having arrived, the ceremony began. With her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. Without anyone noticing, he slipped into the room. They left without a single word spoken. 第2部分 非谓语动词的考点考法 一．思路点拨: 当句中已有谓语动词，空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词要填非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done, to do)。 二．考点归纳: （一）作主语 （1）作主语通常用动名词(一般情况)或不定式形式 (具体情况)。如： ① __________(smoke) may cause cancer, so you should give it up. 【解析】考查动名词。句意：抽烟可能会产生癌症，因此你应该放弃。在谓语may cause 前面一定是作主语, “吸烟可能导致癌症”是一般情况, 故填Smoking, 注意句 首第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。 ② It is clear that _________ (finish) this task will take a long time. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：很清楚这个任务要花很长的一段时间。完成这项任务是一次具体的情况，故用不定式，填to finish。 (2) 用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。此外，还需熟记下列固定句式： ① It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。 ② It’s very kind of you to tell me the truth. 你真好，告诉我真相。 ③ It’s no use quarrelling about it. We are all in the same boat. 为此事争吵是没有用的。 我们处境相同。 （二） 作宾语 (1) 在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。常考的有以下7个，请牢记： ① be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 ② be accustomed to doing sth 习惯做某事 ③ be devoted to doing sth 致力于做某事 ④ devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事 ⑤ look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 ⑥ object to doing sth 反对做某事 ⑦ be addicted to doing sth 沉迷于做某事; 专心致志于做某事 (2) 只能接不定式的动词或短语。 (3) 只能接动名词的动词或短语。 (4) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语也必须掌握。请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记： 汉语意思 英文搭配 1 记得去做某事 .remember doing sth 记得做过某事 .remember to do sth 2 忘记去做某事  .forget to do sth 忘记做过某事  .forget doing sth 3 遗憾做某事 .regret to do sth 后悔做过某事 .regret doing sth 4 尽力做某事 .try to do sth 尝试做某事 .try doing sth 5 有意/故意去做某事 .mean to do sth 意味着做某事 .mean doing sth 6 停下来去做某事 .stop to do sth 停止做某事 .stop doing sth 7 接着做另一事 .go on to do sth 继续做同一事 .go on doing sth 8 需要做某事 .need/require to do sth 某事需要被做 .need/require doing sth 9 想做某事 .want to do sth 某事需要被做 .want doing sth （三）作定语 单个分词作定语，如表示正在进行或经常发生的动作用现在分词，如表示已经完成的动作则用过去分词。如分词短语作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现 在分词，是被动关系就用过去分词。 若是表示未来的情况 (发生在谓语动词之后) 或表示“有……要……”用动词不定式，在最高级或“序数词(+名词)”后或在plan, ability, chance, way等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。又如： ① The conference ________ (take) place next month is bound to be a great success. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：下个月要举行的会议一定会成功的。由next month可知表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填to take。 ② Jack, a hard-working student, is always the first _________(come) to school and the last to leave. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：杰克，一个努力学习的学生，总是第一个来到学校最后一个离开学校。序数词后用不定式作定语，故填to come。 ③ Happiness is the ability __________ (make) the most of what we have. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：快乐是充分利用我们所拥有的能力。在抽象名词ability后，表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填to make。 （四）作状语 （1）在形容词后作状语用不定式。 (2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。 (3) 作伴随状语、原因状语、时间状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。如： ① __________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：因为老师对他所做的事情很满意，所以在班上表扬了他。 因satisfy(使……满意)与the teacher在逻辑上有动宾关系，即the teacher与satisfy是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示原因，填Satisfied。 ② _________ (hear) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当李雷听到母亲生病的消息后，马上赶回了家。 因Li Lei与hear在逻辑上有主谓关系，即Li Lei与hear是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，填Hearing。 （五）作补语 (1)要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。如： I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ________(sit) at the front. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：我登上了公共汽车，发现后面的一个座位，然后注意到一个人坐在前面。因a man与sit是主动关系， 故用现在分词作宾补，填sitting。也可由固定句式notice sb doing/do sth(注意到某人在做/做了某事)而知，也可填sit。这类句型还有： 这类句型还有： △ see/watch/observe/hear sb doing sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人正在做某事 △ see/watch/observe/hear sb do sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人做某事(全过程) △ find/feel/catch sb doing sth发现/感觉/撞见某人正在做某事 △ let/make/have sb do sth让/使某人做某事 △ have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 △ have sb/sth done 让别人做某事 （1）用不定式作主补或宾补的固定搭配很多，也常考。如［真题再练］第25题。 （2）用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词。如have(使)，let(让)，make(使)等使役动词和see,hear等感官动词。但变被动时，省略的to要补回来，如：make sb do sth的被动式为sb be made to do sth。 （六）情感类动词的分词形容词 作形容词用的情感类-ing分词(令人……的)与-ed分词(感到……的)的差别。 动词原形 中文意思 1 及物动词 surprise 使惊讶 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) surprising 令人惊讶的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) surprised 感到惊讶的 2 及物动词 astonish 使惊讶 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) astonishing 令人惊讶的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) astonished 感到惊讶的 3 及物动词 .shock 使震惊 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) shocking 令人震惊的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) shocked 感到震惊的 4 及物动词 amaze 使惊异 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) amazing 令人惊异的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) amazed 感到惊异的 5 及物动词 terrify 使恐惧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) terrifying 令人恐惧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) terrified 感到恐惧的 6 及物动词 frighten 使恐惧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) frightening 令人恐惧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) frightened 感到恐惧的 7 及物动词 threaten 恐吓；威胁 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) threatening 威胁的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) threatened 受到威胁的 8 及物动词 worry 使担忧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) worrying 令人担忧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) worried 感到担忧的 9 及物动词 please 使愉快 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) pleasing 令人愉快的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) pleased 感到愉快的 10 及物动词 excite 使兴奋 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) exciting 令人兴奋的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) excited 感兴奋到的 11 及物动词 satisfy 使满意 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) satisfying 令人满意的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) satisfied 感到满意的 12 及物动词 interest 使感兴趣 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) interesting 有趣的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) interested 感兴趣的 13 及物动词 move 使感动 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) moving 令人感动的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) moved 受感动的 14 及物动词 touch 感动（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) touching 感人的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) touched 受感动的 15 及物动词 inspire 鼓舞（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) inspiring 鼓舞人的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) inspired 受鼓舞的 16 及物动词 encourage 鼓励（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) encouraging 令人鼓舞的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) encouraged 鼓舞的 17 及物动词 relax 使轻松 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) relaxing 令人轻松的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) relaxed 感到轻松的 18 及物动词 convince 使确信 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) convincing 令人信服的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) convinced 确信的 19 及物动词 bore 使厌烦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) boring 枯燥乏味的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) bored 感到无聊的 20 及物动词 tire 使疲倦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) tiring 令人疲倦的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) tired 感到疲倦的 21 及物动词 disappoint 使失望 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) disappointing 令人失望的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) disappointed 感到失望的 22 及物动词 confuse 使迷惑 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) confusing 令人迷惑的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) confused 感到迷惑的 23 及物动词 puzzle 使困惑 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) puzzling 令人困惑的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) puzzled 感到困惑的 24 及物动词 annoy 使不悦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) annoying 令人生气的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) annoyed 生气的 25 及物动词 discourage 使气馁 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) discouraging 使人泄气的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) discouraged 气馁的 （七） 固定句式中的非谓语动词 1 中文意思 英文搭配 2 感谢某人做了某事 thank sb for doing sth 3 表扬某人做了某事 praise sb for doing sth 4 责备某人做了某事 scold sb for doing sth 5 责骂某人做了某事 blame sb for doing sth 6 处罚某人做了某事 punish sb for doing sth 7 原谅某人做了某事 excuse/forgive sb for doing sth 8 最好做某事 had better do sth 9 何不做某事呢？ Why not do sth? 10 ……怎么样？ How/What about doing sth? 11 一般说来 generally speaking 12 根据……来看 judging from 13 更糟糕的是 to make matters/things worse 14 阻止某人做某事 prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth/keep sb from doing sth 15 禁止某人做某事 ban/forbid sb from doing sth 16 在做某事方面花费时间 spend time (in) doing sth 17 在做某事方面浪费时间 waste time (in) doing sth 18 在做某事方面有困难 have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth （八）.其他：作形容词的特殊分词有gone(离去的，已去的，丢失的)；lost(迷失的，丢失的)；missing(不见的)等。作介词用的有concerning (关于), regarding (关于), respecting (关于, 鉴于), including (包括), given(考虑到)等。作介词或连词的有considering (考虑到，就……而论)。 第三部分 非谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一．高考真题37题 P16 二．高考模拟题37题 P28 一．高考真题 1.【2024新课标I卷】These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.【2024新课标II卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3.【2024新课标II卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 4.【2024新课标II卷】___64___ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 5.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 6.【2024年北京卷】Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. 7.【2024年北京卷】Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 8.【2024浙江1月卷】However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 9.【2024浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·57) To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 11.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. 12.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 13.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·65) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time. 14.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60__________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 15.(2023年全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___61___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 16.(2023年全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___65___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 17.(2023年全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___66___ (intend) for everyone. 18.(2023年全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____62____ (build) system of ring roads. 19.(2023年全国乙卷) ____66____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 20.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 21.【2023年北京卷】She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 22.【2023年浙江卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 23. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 24. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 25. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·56) Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _________ (fall) child. 26. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·59) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony (阳台), and climbed up ________ (see) them. 27. (2022年全国甲卷·61) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 28. (2022年全国甲卷·63) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 29.(2022年全国乙卷·66) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind. 30.(2022年全国乙卷·68) ______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 31.【2022年北京卷】One theory, increasingly ____33____  (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 32.【2022年北京卷】Fearful that he might have an intention ____31____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 33.【2022年1月浙江卷】But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 34.【2022年1月浙江卷】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ______45______（continue） the practice. 35.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ____________ (astonish). 36. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _____________(ache) legs. 37.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it is food. 38. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem. 39. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) I was so ________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. 40. (2021年全国甲卷·43) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 41. (2021年全国甲卷·44) After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action… 42. (2021年全国乙卷·61) It (Ecotourism) is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ____________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics… 43. (2021年全国乙卷·70) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 44. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth _________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 45. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·68) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents. 46.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·69) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 47. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______ (get) there. 48. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 49. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·70) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _________(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 50. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. 51. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·70) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch. 二．高考模拟题 1.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Have you ever wondered about those metal boxes, the ones with a heart and a lightning bolt, 56 ______(hang)on the wall at the airport, in your child's school or at the local mall? 2.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】An AED is a portable medical device 57______ (use) to evaluate a person's heart rhythm and automatically deliver an electric shock to return the heart to a normal rhythm if needed. 3.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Remember, the most important thing to do if you find someone in cardiac arrest is 65_______ (perform) CPR as soon as possible. 4.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】With the support of warm-hearted people, they finally completed the design 62 (use) the 3D printing technology. 5.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He hopes to use his professional knowledge and practical experience 65 (help) more disabled people with intelligent equipment. 6.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 Suppose a 36 (true) smart scientist takes your brain out of your body and puts it into a container 37 (fill) with a special liquid that keeps your brain alive. 7.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Imagine that with these signals, your brain thinks it’s still inside your body, 39 (live) your everyday life, even though it’s actually in a vat. 8.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】And there’s no way for your brain 43 (tell) it’s just in a vat, not in your body. 9.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】On the Tomb Sweeping Day and the Dragon Boat Festival, people would fly kites 42 (shake) off ill luck, so that family members could live long and healthy lives. 10.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】As a combination of physical activity and folk tradition, this heritage has been passed down, 45 (reflect) the lasting charm of Chinese civilization. 11.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels 56 （publish）in Britain. 12.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted 57 （do）it professionally. 13.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】 62 （remove）him from the pantheon（名人堂）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. 14.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 Running for nearly 30 years, the trains, with the lowest ticket price of only 6 yuan are still providing convenience for people 39 (live) in the Wumeng Mountain area. 15.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】They’re also expected 35 (apply) delicate make-up, put on heavy costumes and, 36 depending on their character, perform on stage in 15cm platform shoes. 16.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】They’re also expected to apply delicate make-up, put on heavy costumes and, 36 (depend) on their character, perform on stage in 15cm platform shoes. 17.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, 37 (continue) to be the most enlisted country in the world. 18.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 40 (base) on natural conditions and local customs, Chinese tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black. 19.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 33 (know) as “the only master in China who can translate classical Chinese poetry,” Xu translated over 120 publications in Chinese, English, and French. 20.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He won the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Literature in 2014 at the age of 93, 36 (make) him the first person in Asia to win the prize. 21.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Xu tried his hand at translation in college, when he quoted “of the people, by the people, for the people” from Abraham Lincoln 38 (explain) Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People to foreigners. 22.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Many of these treasures were intentionally ruined or burnt before being buried, 36 (raise) questions about what they were used for and how they met their end. 23.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】It seemed that this superb artistry was expressing a unique view of the world that developed in and around Sanxingdui, which lay in the Sichuan basin of the Yangtze River, a remote region 44 (surround) by high mountains. 24.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】____58____(make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars. 25.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】It is also believed ____62____(possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. 26.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process ____62____ (involve) tying knots, tightening them and adding the finishing touches. 27.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Skilled knot artists weave complex knots that you might see ____64____ (sell) as souvenirs that you can take back with you. 28.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】 Combining pieces of wood together, ___41___ (use) nothing more than the wood itself, is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China. 29.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】___45___ (achieve) that, skilled carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture. 30.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】However, 62 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup. 31.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】I wanted to create dolls 65 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication. 32.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】The mobile nature of the machine made 58 the perfect production machine to serve customers 59 (attend)outdoor sporting events, or circuses and fairs. 33.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when 62 (heat). 34.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】The challenge for athletes 58 ______(look) to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful. 35.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials, actually threw away her GPS watch midrace 61_______ (avoid) distraction. 36.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Dr. Ethan Weiss, a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item 65 _______ (attach)at your wrist, like a leash(狗绳), is more likely to pull you toward more activity. 37.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing ____44____(celebrate) Li’s 500th birthday. 38..【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, ___36___(remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side. 39.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】According to some research ___42___(conduct) lately, we can choose the former. 40.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】____39____ (film) in fluent Mandarin, occasionally with a Cantonese accent, her videos quickly captured the interest of many viewers. 41.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】With her passion, language skills, and genuine love for China, Rachel continues to inspire her vast online community, _____45_____ (bridge) cultures and building connections across borders. 42.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】The lantern show promises 　44． 　 (be) an immersive experience in the world of Chinese folklore (民俗) and lanterns. 43.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】Instead, he was woken by the regular pounding of tea leaves with a pot and wooden hammer, ___37___ (signal) the start of the day. 44.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】 Zhou, 47, is not only a national-level inheritor of intangible cultural heritage ___39___ (link) to the unique tea of his ethnic group in Gongcheng Yao autonomous county of Guilin, South China’s GuangxiZhuang autonomous region, but he is also the head of the local association for the traditional beverage. 45.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】In the center of Reykjavik, Iceland, stands a museum ___36___ (create) by Lillian Hopps, which symbolizes the friendship between Icelandic and Chinese people. 46.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】 Lillian’s work goes beyond just ___41___ (exhibit) these items; she brings the culture alive through highly interactive activities like tea performances, calligraphy classes, and traditional medicine talks, promoting the Icelandic understanding of China’s rich traditions. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 击破非谓语动词 击破目录 第一部分 非谓语动词基础知识网络 1 一．近3年高考题中出现非谓语动词的考点统计表 1 二．非谓语动词基本知识 2 （一）非谓语动词的句法功能 2 （二）动名词 3 （三）动词不定式 5 （四）分词 15 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 21 一．思路点拨 21 二．考点归纳 21 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 28 一．高考真题51题 29 二．高考模拟试题37题 43 第1部分 非谓语动词的基础知识网络 一．近3年高考题中出现的非谓语动词考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 20 24年 新高考I卷 These sepals open 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine.(答案为to give ) 1 新高考II卷 Two years later, a pavilion_60_ (inspire) by ..., was built (答案为 inspired) visitors were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection. (答案为to find ) ___64___ (recall) watching a version and meeting Chinese actors(答案为Recalling) 3 全国甲卷 the national parks tend 61 (catch) our attention(答案为to catch) 1 全国乙卷 无 0 北京卷 some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms.(答案为knocking) Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense(答案为to rest) 3 浙江 1月卷 buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense(答案为to benefit) supermarkets have started selling chicken in packs 63 (design) with two halves (答案为designed) . 2 20 23年 新高考I卷 you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole(答案为to bite) Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home(答案为recognized) allowing them ____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket (答案为to be lifted) I am always left ______65______ (want) more (答案为wanting) 4 新高考II卷 They talk to the tourists and to 60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers(答案为visiting) 1 全国甲卷 people have told fables ___61___ (teach) a lesson(答案为to teach) her fable begins, ___65___ (borrow) some familiar words. (答案为borrowing) is a serious message ___66___ (intend) for everyone.(答案为intended) 3 全国乙卷 the city keeping its carefully __62____ (build) system of ring roads.(答案为built) __66__ (visit) several times, I was amazed(答案为Having visited) 2 北京卷 She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles(答案为to address) She addressed the struggles of people around the world __20__(face) ...(答案为facing) 2 浙江卷 the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles(答案为surrounded) 1 20 22年 新高考I卷 ___________ (cover) an area, the GPNP (答案为Covering) bring many areas _____________ (increase) effectiveness (答案为to increase) 2 新高考II卷 Henry held out his arms to catch the _____ (fall) child(答案为falling) He pushed, and climbed up ________ (see) them.(答案为to see) 2 全国甲卷 as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (答案为to journey) Inspired by the Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing(答案为held) 2 全国乙卷 It can help to build a community with a __ (share) future for mankind.(答案为shared) ________ (strengthen) the connection with young people,(答案为To strengthen) One theory, increasingly _33__ (support) by experts, suggests that(答案为supported) 3 北京卷 he might have an intention ____31____ (harm) her(答案为to harm) 1 浙江卷 that idea pushing ---, and __39_（change) their personal behavior to(答案为changing) she plans ______45______（continue） the practice. (答案为to continue) 2 三．非谓语动词的基本知识 （一）非谓语动词的句法功能 语法特征：在句子中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词，包括不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词），他们没有人称和数的变化，但保留动词的某些特征：有时态和语态的变化，有否定式，可以带宾语，状语和补语；又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等成分。 （二）动名词 1.动名词的构成 动名词由“动词原形＋ing”构成，否定式为“not＋动名词”。     语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式     (not) doing  (not) being done  完成时 (not) having done  (not) having been done 2.动名词的作用 （1）作主语：表示一种概念、习惯或者经验。 Seeing is believing. Taking a cold shower every morning does him good. 可以直接把动名词放在句首，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词放在后面。 Talking about it is no use.＝ It is no use talking about it. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. 注意：it在动名词句型中作形式主语 A．It is no use/good/fun doing… 做……是没有用的/不好的/没趣的 B．It is useful/useless/enjoyable/tiring… 做……是有用的/没用的/令人高兴的/累人的 C．It is a waste of time of doing… 做……是浪费时间的 there be 句型中动名词作主语 , there is no doing … There is no denying that a good command of English gives you an edge. There is no telling / knowing who will win the championship. There is no point arguing with such a stubborn man. There is no joking about such serious matters. （2）作宾语：动名词可作动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。 ①下列动词后常带动名词作宾语：考虑(consider)，建议(suggest)，原谅(excuse)，承认(admit)，推迟(delay)，想象(fancy)，避免(avoid)，错过(miss)，继续(keep)，操练(practise)，否定(deny)，完成(finish)，欣赏(enjoy)，禁止(forbid)，想像(imagine)，冒险(risk)，不禁(can't help)，介意(mind)，准许(allow/permit)，逃亡(escape)。 ②作介词宾语 a.介词to后接动名词作宾语：be (get)used to / be accustomed to ; stick to ; object to/be opposed to；lead to/contribute to; devote / commit / dedicate oneself to ；refer to ; look forward to; get down to；pay attention to b.作for 和in 等其他介词的宾语。 句型1：Thank you for doing sth. 句型2：主语＋have(has, had)＋difficulty (trouble)＋(in)＋doing sth. 句型3：主语＋spend /waste＋时间/金钱＋(in)＋doing sth. 句型4：prevent/stop/prohibit…(from)＋doing sth.(阻止……) 句型5：主语＋feel like＋doing sth. *作形容词 worth, busy的宾语。 The book is worth reading． The teachers are busy correcting the students' exam papers. (3)作定语 动名词放在所修饰的词前面，表示一种用途或作用。 如：a waiting / drawing room This is a swimming pool.(a pool for swimming) (4)作表语 My hobby is playing basketball. In the UK，one of the queen's jobs is meeting guests from other countries. 3.动名词的时态与语态 语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式(动作与谓语动词同时发生) doing being done 完成式(动作发生在谓语动词之前) having done having been done (1)They are all interested in playing football. (2) She admitted having stolen the necklace. (3)You can't enter the office without being invited． (4)He is proud of not having been beaten in chess. 4.动名词的复合结构 “形容词物主代词/名词所有格＋动名词”构成动名词的复合结构，其用法与动名词一样。如： Thank you for your/you coming. His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. His/Tom’s not knowing English brought him a lot of trouble. She didn’t mind Jack/Jack’s/his/him coming here. （三）动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成 动词不定式“to + 动词原形do”构成，否定式为“not＋to do”。       语态时态 主动 被动 一般式    (not) to do    (not) to be done  进行时  (not) to be doing        /  完成时 (not) to have done  (not) to have been done 完成进行时 (not) to have been doing  / 可以带宾语或者状语，构成不定式短语； 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。 2.动词不定式的作用 （1）不定式作主语 To lose heart means failure. To do two things at a time is to do neither. To finish the job took me five minutes.=It took me five minutes to finish the job.(这里的It作形式主语) It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构 ①在“It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征 kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, considerate, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。 ②在“It is+形容词+ for sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质 important, possible, likely, impossible, necessary, essential, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 It is good of you to help me with my English. (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking. (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.) （2）不定式作表语 The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. He is to marry Rose. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. 和动名词作主语/表语的区别： Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will get yourself injured. My hobby is reading sci-fi. My plan is to read a sci-fi this afternoon. 注意项目的主动形式表示被动意义 She is to blame. A great deal is yet to do. Something is still to find out. （3）不定式作宾语 常用不定式作宾语的及物动词: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, help, hesitate, hope, intend, long, manage, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, prepare, promise, refuse, strive, swear, tend, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish, would love/like等等 ①如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to” He wants to go and have a swim with us. ②若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语 People of great achievement will find it important to maintain curiosity and discontent. ③既可以跟doing，又可以跟to do作宾语的动词： a. forget, remember, regret He has forgotten seeing me before. I must remember to remind him that the garden needs watering. I regret having told him the secret. I regret to say that we don’t have it in stock. regret to do 常接动词say, tell, inform等，表示公布坏消息 b. stop, pause, go on, cease He stopped arguing with that stubborn old man. We went on to approach another tricky problem. c. try He tried to hold back his tears. He tried masking his sadness with a smile. d. mean I mean to major in archaeology in my university. Missing the train means waiting for another forty minutes. e. propose She proposed to repay the loan as soon as possible. She proposed using the herbal medicine to treat the disease. f. love, like, dislike, hate He hate being treated like a child. I like to stay at home this afternoon. g. cannot help We couldn’t help bursting into laughter when he was singing. We couldn’t help (to) solve your problem for we are occupied. h. start, begin 总体上没分别，但是： He began to realize that he had committed a serious mistake. He is starting to understand his parents’ profound life. i.continue 没有区别 allow, advise, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend等+doing sth allow, advise, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend等+sb. +to do sth We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow allow you to smoke here. I recommend stepping out of the comfort zone. I recommend you to step out of the comfort zone. They encouraged learning English with Ivy. They encouraged me to learn English with Ivy. need, require, want等+to do sth. need, require, want等 +to be done deserve Gamblers deserve to lose everything. The murderer deserved hanging / the be hanged. (4)不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代词之后，与被修饰的名词 或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。动词不定式作定语大都表示将来的/即将发生的动作。 He is not a man to tell a lie. The future to greet us will be bright. We have a lot of work to do. I have some clothes to wash. I need a pen to write with. Give me some paper to write on. I have a wish to go to college. I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. We have no need to be afraid of them! The dog found out the way to open the door. I am sure of his ability to cope with this. 某些动词派生的名词后常接不定式： agreement, arrangement, attempt, claim, decision, desire, determination, failure, need, offer, pleasure, promise, refusal, tendency, threat, warning, wish 等 某些形容词派生的名词后常接不定式： ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, freedom, patience, readiness, willingness 等 用以说明名词的内容，常接动词不定式： appeal, campaign, chance, courage, effort, evidence, opportunity, power, reason, right, skill, struggle, talent等 We must have the courage to say no to school bullying. 用于某些名词或代词后，表示它们所起的作用： Have you anything to cure my bad cold? I need a box to hold my books. 在the only、序数词或最高级修饰的名词后用动词不定式作定语： Linda was the only one to take part in the rehearsal. Edison was the first man to invent electric light. He was the first man to arrive and the last to leave. The youngest person to enter the program was just 14. 注意： ① 不定式作定语要考虑与主语的关系，主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动式；反之用被动式。 He has many things to do . He has a bike to be repaired tomorrow. ② there be和have … 句型中用主动表示说话人的行为，被动表示说话人要别人做某事。 There are some clothes to wash / to be washed. Do you have some clothes to wash / to be washed? There is a lot of work to do / to be done. 主动强调人，被动强调事物本身 There is nothing to do. / There is nothing to be done. (5)不定式作宾语补足语 谓语动词+宾语+动词不定式,动词不定式中的动作由宾语发出 He asked me to go with him. ①常见动词+宾语+to do结构 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, direct, drive, enable, expect, encourage, forbid, force, get, inform, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prepare, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish hope demand ②感官动词： 一感 feel, 二听 listen to、hear, 三使役 make、let、have，五看 see, look at, watch, notice, observe,用不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即动词+宾语+do, 并表示动作已经完成或动作的全过程。 We often hear her sing the song at home. I saw a child fall down from the tree. 除let外，其余动词被动还原to ③believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词的宾语后面可带to be + adj./n. 结构，也可省略to be, 即动词+宾语+(to be) +adj./n. We think / consider him ( to be ) a wise leader. He declared himself to be a member of the club. ④此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，介词+宾语+to do With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. ⑤ask for, appeal to, call on, wait for, depend on, count on, prepare for等词组动词后面带to的不定式作宾补。 We are waiting for the rain to stop. (6) 不定式作状语 ①目的状语 I came here to see you. To gain the upper hand, you have to double your efforts. To save money, every means has been tried.=To save money, he has tried every means. 可用in order to, so as to（不放句首）代替 不定式可加自己的逻辑主语 My father bought a book for me to read. ②结果状语 He hurried to the school to find nobody there. What have I done to offend you? 作结果状语的其他结构 He is so knowledgeable as to be respected by a lot of students. (such ..as to…) I’m afraid that there isn’t enough food to go around. The problem is too tricky for us to solve. She was too surprised to see him win the championship. 用在anxious, delighted, eager, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing之后 I’m only too glad to help you. It’s never too old to learn. 用在only, all, but, not, never, quite, really之后 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. They queued for hours, only to find the ticket had been sold out. ③条件状语 To look at him, you would like him. I should be happy to be of any service to you. ④原因状语 We were very excited to hear the news.. I could not but laugh to hear such a funny story. He’s anxious to go back straight to Beijing. (7)不定式作独立结构 To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 常见短语: to be frank / honest, to be exact, to be sure, to begin with, to say the least, needless to say, to say nothing of, to cut a long story short (8)不定式的变式，疑问词+不定式结构 常与who, which, when, where, how, what等词连用，相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等 He didn’t know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. Why do sth. ? / Why not do sth.? 3.不定式的时态 Nice to meet you. Nice to have met you. 一般式 I saw him go out.  I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow. 进行时 He pretended to be sleeping. The old man seems to be dying. 完成时 The novel is believed to have been translated into many  different languages. I’m happy to have lived with you  since I came to this school. I was to meet him at the airport. I was to have met him at the airport, but he didn’t come. be due to do be due to have done would like/love to do would like/love to have done intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等+不定式的完成时 I intended to have come to visit you. I had intended to come to visit you. (1)不定式主动表被动 sb./ sth. be to blame 用在attractive, bitter, boring, cheap, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, delicious, difficult, easy, expensive, hard, interesting, nice, simple, soft等之后 The coffee is bitter to taste. Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour out. The books are cheap enough to buy. (2)不带to的动词不定式 and连接的第二个动词不定式 感官动词后作宾补的动词不定式 why do / why not do would rather do…than do…, would sooner do…than do…, rather than do…, do nothing than do…, do (no) more than do…, do less than do… 下列结构，than后面跟不带to的动词不定式 In the course of a day, students do more than just attend classes. 下列结构，but(except, besides)后面跟不带to的动词不定式 cannot but do…, cannot help but do…, do nothing but do…, have nothing to do but do… I cannot but admire his courage. She could not help but sweep at the sad news. I have no choice but to accept the fact. He desired nothing but to succeed. (四) 分词 1.分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词 语态 时态 主动 被动 现在分词一般式   (not) doing (not) being done 现在分词完成时 (not) having done  (not) having been done 过去分词    (not) done 2.分词的作用 （1)分词作表语 出现在be动词或系动词的后面 appear, become, feel, go, get, grow, look, remain, rest, stay等 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特性，通常译为“令人…的” 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，通常译为“感到…的” disappointing/disappointed; amazing/amazed; troubling/troubled; annoying/annoyed; puzzling/puzzled… look tempting / remain aspiring appear touched / become acquainted / feel distressed / go unnoticed / look concerned / remain unsolved / rest assured / stay absorbed / grow exhausted / get caught (2)分词作定语 ①单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语 The sleeping baby seems to be having a nightmare. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. The man standing by the window is lost in his thought. The architecture designed by the famous artist attracted our attention. ②现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 boiling water / a falling star / a waiting crowd / increasing demand / lasting peace ③现在分词作定语，有时仅表示主动，不表示进行 a promising student / a tiring day / an embarrassing situation / guiding principles/neighboring countries / a walking dictionary ④现在分词的被动式作定语，只做后置定语，表示“正在被做” The house being built will be our library. Did you know the boy being questioned by the police? ⑤过去分词作定语，表示被动且完成 boiled water / fried eggs / a written report / furnished rooms ⑥过去分词作定语，有时仅仅表示完成;有时仅表示被动 an escaped prisoner / a retired worker / returned students / a departed friend the intended effect / the celebrated company falling / fallen leaves a sinking ship / a sunken ship ⑦现在分词-ing形容词和过去分词-ed形容词 the disappointing / disappointed look a frightening glance an excited scream a.有些单个词作定语，但也往往后置，如discussed, found, built, invited, made, mentioned, obtained, received, questioned, shown, told 等 Many of the people questioned refused to answer. The rules mentioned will come into effect in June. b.表示“迷路的、迷失的”，miss用现在分词，lose用过去分词 the missing / lost kid c. remain用现在分词，作前置；leave用过去分词，作后置 the remaining time the time left d.有些分词既可以前置也可以后置，含义不同 the adopted orphan / the proposal adopted concerned parents / authorities concerned the given time / the book given an involved explanation / the people involved ⑧完成时不作定语 The thief having taken her bag has been arrested. （错误） The thief who has taken her bag has been arrested. 翻译以下短语 昨晚发生的车祸the accident that happened last night 存在于唐朝的风俗the custom that existed in the Tang dynasty 上个月去世的总统the president who died last month 10分钟前到达的明星the star who arrived ten minutes earlier 表目的、结果、条件或原因 (3)分词作宾补 ①感官动词+宾语+分词作宾补 I saw the girl crossing the street. I saw the girl cross the street and run away. I saw them assembled. ②discover, find, consider 等心理状态词+宾语+宾补 I discovered him sitting near the fire, reading a book. We found the city greatly changed. I considered the problem settled. ③使役动词+宾语+宾补 动词 catch have keep get leave make send set start 现在分词 √ √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ 过去分词 X √ √ √ √ √ X X X The policeman caught the man shoplifting. We had the fire burning all day long. He had his foot injured in the match. Please keep me informed of the latest news. Can you give me some advice on how to get the conversation going? She will get the fence mended this afternoon. His words left me wondering what he meant. They left the tourists stranded at the airport. I try to make myself understood. The explosion sent things flying in all directions. The joke set us laughing. After repairing it, the mechanic managed to start the machine running again. ④ declare, need, order, want, wish等词+宾语+宾补 He declared the sports meeting closed. I need the problem (to be) approached immediately. The general ordered the army (to be) dismissed. I don’t want you (to be) involved in the scandal. Do you wish your goods (to be) delivered at once? ⑤won’t/can’t have 句型的特殊含义 用于第一人称的否定句中，表示“不允许，不能容忍” 过去分词（不允许） won’t/can’t have + 宾语 + 现在分词（不能让…做/不允许） 不带to的不定式（不能让…做） I won’t have anything said against me. I won’t have my instructions disobeyed in this way. I won’t have that sort of things happening again. I won’t have you teasing the kid. I won’t have him cheat me. I won’t have you blame it on me. (4)分词作状语 Hearing the news, they all danced for joy.时间 Heated, water changes into the steam.时间 / 条件 Being a student, I must study hard.原因 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.结果 United, we stand; divided, we fall.条件 Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.让步 The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.方式/伴随 Entering the room, he found a letter on the desk. When he entered the room, a letter was found on the desk. His entering the room, a letter was found on the desk. As we turned the corner, we saw the hospital in front of us. Turning the corner, we saw the … As he was exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep. Exhausted by the journey, he soon … It rained three days on end, so that it ruined our holiday. It rained three…, ruining our holiday. She will be unable to answer the question because she is not qualified. Not being qualified, she will be unable …. When I was reading, I fell asleep. Reading, I fell asleep. When reading, I fell asleep. If the cloth is left in the sun, it will lose its color. Left in the sun, the cloth will lose its color. If left in the sun, the cloth will lose its color. 可以直接加分词的连词： when, while, once，if, unless，although, even if，as if, as，after, before 3.分词的时态和语态 He ran up to her, breathing heavily. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. While being turned into water, ice takes in much heat. Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car. Not having met him, I can’t tell you what he is like. Having been criticized by the teacher, he corrected his error. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. considering, generally/frankly speaking, judging from / by 两个特别的介词： (1) on/upon doing Upon seeing her child get off the plane, she broke into a big smile. On reaching the age of 18, I received a precious gift from my parents. (2) with/without With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. With the authorities having arrived, the ceremony began. With her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. Without anyone noticing, he slipped into the room. They left without a single word spoken. 第2部分 非谓语动词的考点考法 一．思路点拨: 当句中已有谓语动词，空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词要填非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done, to do)。 二．考点归纳: （一）作主语 （1）作主语通常用动名词(一般情况)或不定式形式 (具体情况)。如： ① __________(smoke) may cause cancer, so you should give it up. 【解析】考查动名词。句意：抽烟可能会产生癌症，因此你应该放弃。在谓语may cause 前面一定是作主语, “吸烟可能导致癌症”是一般情况, 故填Smoking, 注意句 首第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。 ② It is clear that _________ (finish) this task will take a long time. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：很清楚这个任务要花很长的一段时间。完成这项任务是一次具体的情况，故用不定式，填to finish。 (2) 用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。此外，还需熟记下列固定句式： ① It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。 ② It’s very kind of you to tell me the truth. 你真好，告诉我真相。 ③ It’s no use quarrelling about it. We are all in the same boat. 为此事争吵是没有用的。 我们处境相同。 （二） 作宾语 (1) 在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。常考的有以下7个，请牢记： ① be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 ② be accustomed to doing sth 习惯做某事 ③ be devoted to doing sth 致力于做某事 ④ devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事 ⑤ look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 ⑥ object to doing sth 反对做某事 ⑦ be addicted to doing sth 沉迷于做某事; 专心致志于做某事 (2) 只能接不定式的动词或短语。 (3) 只能接动名词的动词或短语。 (4) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语也必须掌握。请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记： 汉语意思 英文搭配 1 记得去做某事 .remember doing sth 记得做过某事 .remember to do sth 2 忘记去做某事  .forget to do sth 忘记做过某事  .forget doing sth 3 遗憾做某事 .regret to do sth 后悔做过某事 .regret doing sth 4 尽力做某事 .try to do sth 尝试做某事 .try doing sth 5 有意/故意去做某事 .mean to do sth 意味着做某事 .mean doing sth 6 停下来去做某事 .stop to do sth 停止做某事 .stop doing sth 7 接着做另一事 .go on to do sth 继续做同一事 .go on doing sth 8 需要做某事 .need/require to do sth 某事需要被做 .need/require doing sth 9 想做某事 .want to do sth 某事需要被做 .want doing sth （三）作定语 单个分词作定语，如表示正在进行或经常发生的动作用现在分词，如表示已经完成的动作则用过去分词。如分词短语作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现 在分词，是被动关系就用过去分词。 若是表示未来的情况 (发生在谓语动词之后) 或表示“有……要……”用动词不定式，在最高级或“序数词(+名词)”后或在plan, ability, chance, way等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。又如： ① The conference ________ (take) place next month is bound to be a great success. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：下个月要举行的会议一定会成功的。由next month可知表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填to take。 ② Jack, a hard-working student, is always the first _________(come) to school and the last to leave. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：杰克，一个努力学习的学生，总是第一个来到学校最后一个离开学校。序数词后用不定式作定语，故填to come。 ③ Happiness is the ability __________ (make) the most of what we have. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：快乐是充分利用我们所拥有的能力。在抽象名词ability后，表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填to make。 （四）作状语 （1）在形容词后作状语用不定式。 (2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。 (3) 作伴随状语、原因状语、时间状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。如： ① __________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：因为老师对他所做的事情很满意，所以在班上表扬了他。 因satisfy(使……满意)与the teacher在逻辑上有动宾关系，即the teacher与satisfy是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示原因，填Satisfied。 ② _________ (hear) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当李雷听到母亲生病的消息后，马上赶回了家。 因Li Lei与hear在逻辑上有主谓关系，即Li Lei与hear是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，填Hearing。 （五）作补语 (1)要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。如： I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ________(sit) at the front. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：我登上了公共汽车，发现后面的一个座位，然后注意到一个人坐在前面。因a man与sit是主动关系， 故用现在分词作宾补，填sitting。也可由固定句式notice sb doing/do sth(注意到某人在做/做了某事)而知，也可填sit。这类句型还有： 这类句型还有： △ see/watch/observe/hear sb doing sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人正在做某事 △ see/watch/observe/hear sb do sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人做某事(全过程) △ find/feel/catch sb doing sth发现/感觉/撞见某人正在做某事 △ let/make/have sb do sth让/使某人做某事 △ have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 △ have sb/sth done 让别人做某事 （1）用不定式作主补或宾补的固定搭配很多，也常考。如［真题再练］第25题。 （2）用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词。如have(使)，let(让)，make(使)等使役动词和see,hear等感官动词。但变被动时，省略的to要补回来，如：make sb do sth的被动式为sb be made to do sth。 （六）情感类动词的分词形容词 作形容词用的情感类-ing分词(令人……的)与-ed分词(感到……的)的差别。 动词原形 中文意思 1 及物动词 surprise 使惊讶 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) surprising 令人惊讶的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) surprised 感到惊讶的 2 及物动词 astonish 使惊讶 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) astonishing 令人惊讶的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) astonished 感到惊讶的 3 及物动词 .shock 使震惊 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) shocking 令人震惊的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) shocked 感到震惊的 4 及物动词 amaze 使惊异 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) amazing 令人惊异的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) amazed 感到惊异的 5 及物动词 terrify 使恐惧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) terrifying 令人恐惧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) terrified 感到恐惧的 6 及物动词 frighten 使恐惧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) frightening 令人恐惧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) frightened 感到恐惧的 7 及物动词 threaten 恐吓；威胁 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) threatening 威胁的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) threatened 受到威胁的 8 及物动词 worry 使担忧 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) worrying 令人担忧的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) worried 感到担忧的 9 及物动词 please 使愉快 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) pleasing 令人愉快的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) pleased 感到愉快的 10 及物动词 excite 使兴奋 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) exciting 令人兴奋的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) excited 感兴奋到的 11 及物动词 satisfy 使满意 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) satisfying 令人满意的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) satisfied 感到满意的 12 及物动词 interest 使感兴趣 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) interesting 有趣的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) interested 感兴趣的 13 及物动词 move 使感动 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) moving 令人感动的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) moved 受感动的 14 及物动词 touch 感动（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) touching 感人的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) touched 受感动的 15 及物动词 inspire 鼓舞（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) inspiring 鼓舞人的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) inspired 受鼓舞的 16 及物动词 encourage 鼓励（某人） 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) encouraging 令人鼓舞的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) encouraged 鼓舞的 17 及物动词 relax 使轻松 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) relaxing 令人轻松的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) relaxed 感到轻松的 18 及物动词 convince 使确信 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) convincing 令人信服的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) convinced 确信的 19 及物动词 bore 使厌烦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) boring 枯燥乏味的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) bored 感到无聊的 20 及物动词 tire 使疲倦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) tiring 令人疲倦的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) tired 感到疲倦的 21 及物动词 disappoint 使失望 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) disappointing 令人失望的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) disappointed 感到失望的 22 及物动词 confuse 使迷惑 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) confusing 令人迷惑的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) confused 感到迷惑的 23 及物动词 puzzle 使困惑 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) puzzling 令人困惑的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) puzzled 感到困惑的 24 及物动词 annoy 使不悦 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) annoying 令人生气的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) annoyed 生气的 25 及物动词 discourage 使气馁 现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) discouraging 使人泄气的 过去分词形容词 (常形容人) discouraged 气馁的 （七） 固定句式中的非谓语动词 1 中文意思 英文搭配 2 感谢某人做了某事 thank sb for doing sth 3 表扬某人做了某事 praise sb for doing sth 4 责备某人做了某事 scold sb for doing sth 5 责骂某人做了某事 blame sb for doing sth 6 处罚某人做了某事 punish sb for doing sth 7 原谅某人做了某事 excuse/forgive sb for doing sth 8 最好做某事 had better do sth 9 何不做某事呢？ Why not do sth? 10 ……怎么样？ How/What about doing sth? 11 一般说来 generally speaking 12 根据……来看 judging from 13 更糟糕的是 to make matters/things worse 14 阻止某人做某事 prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth/keep sb from doing sth 15 禁止某人做某事 ban/forbid sb from doing sth 16 在做某事方面花费时间 spend time (in) doing sth 17 在做某事方面浪费时间 waste time (in) doing sth 18 在做某事方面有困难 have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth （八）.其他：作形容词的特殊分词有gone(离去的，已去的，丢失的)；lost(迷失的，丢失的)；missing(不见的)等。作介词用的有concerning (关于), regarding (关于), respecting (关于, 鉴于), including (包括), given(考虑到)等。作介词或连词的有considering (考虑到，就……而论)。 第三部分 非谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一．高考真题37题 P16 二．高考模拟题37题 P28 一．高考真题 1.【2024新课标I卷】These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 2.【2024新课标II卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 3.【2024新课标II卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国.际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 4.【2024新课标II卷】___64___ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 5.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 6.【2024年北京卷】Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 7.【2024年北京卷】Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 8.【2024浙江1月卷】However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 9.【2024浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 10.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·57) To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：如果要吃，你必须决定先在饺子上咬一个小洞，释放汤汁，但有可能会溢出，或者将整个饺子放入口中，让热汤在舌尖爆炸。结合句意可知，此处表达“决定是否做某事”，需用whether to do sth，故填to bite。 11.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但美食学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。因home和非谓语动词recognize之间为被动关系，表示“上海可能是被认可的汤包的家乡”，故填recognized。 12.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包应该有一层薄饺子皮，可以使它们从蒸锅中被提起并且不会破裂或泄漏内容。设空处考固定搭配allow sb to do sth， to do sth作宾语补足语，而且是被动的，故填to be lifted。 13.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·65) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸就够了，两蒸就就显得太贪心了，所以我下次总是想要更多。因so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.句中已有谓语动词am always left，want应作为非谓语动词， 又因I和want之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填wanting。 14.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60__________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们与潮水般涌来的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。设空处作定语修饰Chinese zookeepers， 且为逻辑上的主动关系，故填visiting。 15.(2023年全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___61___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们将寓言是为了教人一堂课或传递智慧。分析句子结构并相据空后的or可知，61____________(teach) a lesson和to pass on wisdom是邦列结构，空处也应用动同不是式。故填to teach。 16.(2023年全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___65___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处。她的寓言从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处应用非谓语动词形式。borrow与其逻辑主语her fable为主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语，表主动。故填borrowing。 17.(2023年全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___66___ (intend) for everyone. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。分析句子 结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is, 所以空处应填非谓语动词形式。此句为倒装句，正常语序为： However, a serious message intended for everyone is behind the simple style. 66______________ (intend) for everyone作定语，空处与a serious message之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填intended。 18.(2023年全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____62____ (build) system of ring roads. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，its carefully 62 (build) system是一个名词短语，结合空前的副词carefully可知，空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式，作定语，修饰名词system; build与其逻辑主语system之间为动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词形式。故填built。 19.(2023年全国乙卷) ____66____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式，作状语。visit与其逻辑主语I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用动词的现在分词形式；由over the last 10 yeas可知，应用完成时态；空处位于句首，单词的首字母应大写。故填Having visited。 20.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 21.【2023年北京卷】She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 22.【2023年浙江卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：在明朝，中心是紫禁城，由内城和外城被同心圆包围。分折向于结构可知，如，动词surround与逻辑主语“the Forbidden City”之间是动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作定语，故填surrounded. 23. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为美国首批国家公园之一。因句中已有谓语will be，故cover应作为非谓语动词，又因cover和其逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用v.-ing形式作状语，首字母大写，故填Covering。 24. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量区域，将众多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理混乱。设空处在句中作非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用动词的不定式，故填to increase。 25. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·56) Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _________ (fall) child. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：他跑了一百米，跳过了一个1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂抓住了坠落的孩子。因句中已有谓语动词hold out，fall应作为非谓语动词， 又因child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义，故用现在分词作定语，故填falling。 26. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·59) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony (阳台), and climbed up ________ (see) them. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：埃里克醒了一会儿，听到孩子们在外面玩耍。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。因句中已有谓语动词climb up，see应作为谓语动词。根据句意可知，他爬到阳台是为了看他们 (外面玩闹的孩子们)，故用不定式作目的状语，故填to see。 27. (2022年全国甲卷·61) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：最近，一名来自北京的视力障碍男子徒步40天到达西安，这是他徒步“一带一路”的第一步。因step为抽象名词且前面有序数词修饰，故用不定式作后置定语，故填to journey。 28. (2022年全国甲卷·63) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作论坛的启发，曹决定徒步旅行，向古丝绸之路致敬。因句中已有谓语动词decided，故hold应作为非谓语动词，又因hold与International Cooperation之间在逻辑上为动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填held。 29.(2022年全国乙卷·66) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：中国有责任与各国一道，共同促进茶产业健康发展，推动构建人类命运共同体。因future和非谓语动词share之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示“共享的”，故填shared。 30.(2022年全国乙卷·68) ______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括多项在社交媒体上的公众推广活动。结合句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需用不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母应大写，故填To strengthen。 31.【2022年北京卷】One theory, increasingly ____33____  (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 32.【2022年北京卷】Fearful that he might have an intention ____31____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 33.【2022年1月浙江卷】But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但科布和其他人现在质疑这一想法，即推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会，并改变他们的个人行为，以在应对气候变化危机中发挥自己的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处与pushing并列，故填changing。 34.【2022年1月浙江卷】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ______45______（continue） the practice. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这种方法使科布去年的航空旅行减少了75%，她计划继续这种做法。plan to do sth.计划做某事，故填to continue。 35.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ____________ (astonish). 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：很奇怪，不是吗？但大自然就是这样—总是让我们感到惊讶。此处为“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，表示“感到惊讶的”用astonished。 36. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _____________(ache) legs. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的东西，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并为你提供了一个可以坐下来休息疼痛的腿的地方。修饰名词legs作定语，用aching或achy，表示“疼痛的”，故填aching或achy。 37.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it is food. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物把塑料垃圾当食物吃时，我感到很不安。因句中已有谓语动词was，故think应作为非谓语动词，又因think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故填thinking。 38. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知，此处用作目的状语，故用不定式。当然，此处也可以理解为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰something，故填to educate。 39. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) I was so ________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。他说他将确保该公司将塑料吸管的使用量减少一半。在系动词was后作表语用形容词，修饰人，用-ed形式的形容词，故填excited。 40. (2021年全国甲卷·43) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：可以步行或骑自行车走完14公里。因it is possible to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”，故填to walk。 41. (2021年全国甲卷·44) After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action… 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：在花了一些时间看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取行动了。在介词after后用动词-ing形式，故填spending。 42. (2021年全国乙卷·61) It (Ecotourism) is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ____________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics… 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：它（生态旅游）与传统旅游不同，因为它允许旅行者在地理条件和文化特征方面对该地区进行教育……。在系动词become后应用形容词作表语，表示“受过……教育(或训练)的”，故填educated。 43. (2021年全国乙卷·70) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿，旨在对自然环境产生较小的影响。因aim to do sth为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”，故填to have。 44. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth _________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：它们代表着地球的复苏和对新开始的最美好的祝愿。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词represent，故come作为非谓语动词；又因此处为动名词的复合结构与best wishes并列作represent的宾语，其逻辑主语the earth与come在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式表主动关系，即coming。 45. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·68) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：它们很容易照顾，而且是很棒的礼物。此处为“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构，此结构中用动词不定式主动表被动，故填to care。 46.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·69) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当他看到河上升起的薄雾和山顶周围柔软的云时，他流下了眼泪。作动词saw的宾语补足语，因clouds和surround在逻辑上存在主谓关系，用surrounding。且前文的rising也有提示。故填surrounding。 47. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______ (get) there. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里。此处为it takes/took + 时间 + to do sth 固定句型，表示“花费时间做某事”。其中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to get。 48. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：在我们为期一周的停留的最后一天，我们被邀请去一个美丽的农场参加一场私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，结识有趣的当地人。句中已有谓语invite，故listen应作为非谓语动词；又由we与listen在逻辑上存在着主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语，同时与meeting构成并列关系，故填listening。 49. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·70) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _________(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：世界银行的尤尔根，沃格勒（Juergen voegeled)说，中国在保护环境的同时养活其公民的做法“为全世界的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的经验”。因feed与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，构成“连词+现在分词”结构，故填feeding。 50. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我赶紧低下头，避免直视他的眼晴，这样他就不会觉得受到了挑战。因avoid后习惯上用动名词作宾语，即avoid doing sth，意为“避免做某事”，故填looking。 51. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·70) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他的信息传达出去后，他允许我留下来观察。因allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，故填to stay。 二．高考模拟题 1.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Have you ever wondered about those metal boxes, the ones with a heart and a lightning bolt, 56 ______(hang)on the wall at the airport, in your child's school or at the local mall? 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你有没有想过那些金属盒子，那些有心形和闪电的盒子，挂在机场、你孩子的学校或当地购物中心的墙上？hang和逻辑主语boxes之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填hanging。 2.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】An AED is a portable medical device 57______ (use) to evaluate a person's heart rhythm and automatically deliver an electric shock to return the heart to a normal rhythm if needed. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：AED是一种便携式医疗设备，用于评估人的心律，并在需要时自动提供电击以使心脏恢复正常心律。use和device之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填used。 3.【浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Remember, the most important thing to do if you find someone in cardiac arrest is 65_______ (perform) CPR as soon as possible. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：记住，如果你发现有人心脏骤停，最重要的是尽快进行心肺复苏术。此处使用动词不定式作表语，故填to perform。 4.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】With the support of warm-hearted people, they finally completed the design 62 (use) the 3D printing technology. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在热心人士的支持下，他们最终利用3D打印技术完成了设计。此处在句中作状语，主语they和动词use是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填using。 5.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He hopes to use his professional knowledge and practical experience 65 (help) more disabled people with intelligent equipment. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望利用自己的专业知识和实践经验，用智能设备帮助更多的残疾人。此处是非谓语动词作目的状语，应用不定式作目的状语，故填同to help。 6.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 Suppose a 36 (true) smart scientist takes your brain out of your body and puts it into a container 37 (fill) with a special liquid that keeps your brain alive. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：假设一个非常聪明的科学家把你的大脑从你的身体里取出来，放进一个容器里，里面装满了一种特殊的液体，让你的大脑保持活力。此处fill与container构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填filled。 7.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Imagine that with these signals, your brain thinks it’s still inside your body, 39 (live) your everyday life, even though it’s actually in a vat. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，有了这些信号，你的大脑认为它仍然在你的身体里，过着你的日常生活，尽管它实际上是在一个大桶里。此处live与句子主语构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填living。 8.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】And there’s no way for your brain 43 (tell) it’s just in a vat, not in your body. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的大脑无法分辨它只是在缸里，而不是在你的身体里。句型there’s no way for sb. to do sth.表示“没有办法做某事”。故填to tell。 9.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】On the Tomb Sweeping Day and the Dragon Boat Festival, people would fly kites 42 (shake) off ill luck, so that family members could live long and healthy lives. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在清明节和端午节，人们会放风筝来摆脱厄运，这样家人就能健康长寿。此处shake在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to shake。 10.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】As a combination of physical activity and folk tradition, this heritage has been passed down, 45 (reflect) the lasting charm of Chinese civilization. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为体育活动和民间传统的结合，这一遗产一直流传下来，反映了中华文明的持久魅力。此处reflect与heritage构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填reflecting。 11.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels 56 （publish）in Britain. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1812年，查尔斯狄更斯出生的那一年，英国出版了66部小说。句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词；publish与novel之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填published。 12.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted 57 （do）it professionally. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们写小说已经有一个世纪了——大多数专家认为第一部小说是1719年的《鲁滨逊漂流记》——但没有人想把它作为职业。want to do sth. 想要做某事。故填to do。 13.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】 62 （remove）him from the pantheon（名人堂）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：把他从英国文学的万神殿中除名，就像卢浮宫卖掉《蒙娜丽莎》一样没有意义。空格处与后面的短语构成句子的主语，此处表示“把他从英国文学的万神殿中除名”, 所以用动名词。故填Removing。 14.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 Running for nearly 30 years, the trains, with the lowest ticket price of only 6 yuan are still providing convenience for people 39 (live) in the Wumeng Mountain area. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这趟列车已运行了近30年，最低票价仅为6元，仍然为生活在乌蒙山区的人们提供着便利。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“people”和动词“live”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。 15.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】They’re also expected 35 (apply) delicate make-up, put on heavy costumes and, 36 depending on their character, perform on stage in 15cm platform shoes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她们还需要化精致的妆，穿上厚重的服装，根据角色的不同，还需要穿着15厘米厚的厚底鞋登台表演。be expected to do sth.被期望做某事。故填to apply。 16.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】They’re also expected to apply delicate make-up, put on heavy costumes and, 36 (depend) on their character, perform on stage in 15cm platform shoes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她们还需要化精致的妆，穿上厚重的服装，根据角色的不同，还需要穿着15厘米厚的厚底鞋登台表演。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。逻辑主语They与depend之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填depending。 17.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, 37 (continue) to be the most enlisted country in the world. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国共有43项非物质文化遗产列入名录，继续成为世界上被列入非物质文化遗产最多的国家。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用continue的现在分词形式。故填continuing。 18.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 40 (base) on natural conditions and local customs, Chinese tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据自然条件和当地习俗，中国茶叶生产者开发了六种茶：绿茶、黄茶、黑茶、白茶、乌龙茶和红茶。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，固定短语be based on意为“以……为基础”，因此用过去分词based作方式状语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Based。 19.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】 33 (know) as “the only master in China who can translate classical Chinese poetry,” Xu translated over 120 publications in Chinese, English, and French. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被誉为“中国唯一能翻译中国古典诗词的大师”,他翻译了120多篇中、英、法出版物。此处为非谓语，动词know和主语之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Known。 20.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He won the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Literature in 2014 at the age of 93, 36 (make) him the first person in Asia to win the prize. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2014年，93岁高龄的他获得了北极光杰出翻译文学奖，成为亚洲第一位获得该奖项的人。此处为非谓语，动词make和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作状语，表示结果。故填making。 21.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Xu tried his hand at translation in college, when he quoted “of the people, by the people, for the people” from Abraham Lincoln 38 (explain) Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People to foreigners. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大学时，他曾尝试过翻译，在向外国人解释孙中山的三民主义时，他引用林肯的“民有、民治、民享”。quote sth to do sth“引用某事去做某事”,此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to explain。 22.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Many of these treasures were intentionally ruined or burnt before being buried, 36 (raise) questions about what they were used for and how they met their end. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些宝藏中的许多在被埋葬之前被故意破坏或烧毁，引发了关于它们被用来做什么以及它们是如何结束的问题。句子谓语是were ruined or burnt, raise用非谓语动词形式作状语，表示自然而然的结果用现在分词形式。故填raising。 23.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】It seemed that this superb artistry was expressing a unique view of the world that developed in and around Sanxingdui, which lay in the Sichuan basin of the Yangtze River, a remote region 44 (surround) by high mountains. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种高超的艺术似乎在表达一种独特的世界观，这种世界观在三星堆及其周边地区发展起来，三星堆位于长江流域的四川盆地，一个被高山环绕的偏远地区。surround要用作非谓语动词，修饰名词region, region和surround为被动关系，surround用过去分词形式作定语。故填surrounded。 24.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】____58____(make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：香由种子、叶子和花朵制成，一直是学者们追求的一种享受。分析句子，句中has been used为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，同时incense与make之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Made。 25.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】It is also believed ____62____(possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它还被认为具有平衡气的能力，气是人体内的一种重要能量。句中it is believed to do为固定短语，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语。故填to possess。 26.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process ____62____ (involve) tying knots, tightening them and adding the finishing touches. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：制作中国结有三个步骤，包括打结、系紧和收尾。分析句子结构可知involve与逻辑主语process构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填involving。 27.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Skilled knot artists weave complex knots that you might see ____64____ (sell) as souvenirs that you can take back with you. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：熟练的结艺术家编织复杂的结，你可能会看到作为纪念品出售，你可以带回去。分析句子结构可知sell与逻辑主语knots构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填sold。 28.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】 Combining pieces of wood together, ___41___ (use) nothing more than the wood itself, is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：将木块组合在一起，只用木头本身，是中国古代所有木匠的基本技能。本句已有谓语动词is，所以use用非谓语形式，use的逻辑主语是“combining pieces of wood together”这件事，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词形式using。故填using。 29.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】___45___ (achieve) that, skilled carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做到这一点，熟练的木匠正确地匹配了家具的曲线和直线。本句已有谓语动词matched，所以achieve用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母引大写。故填To achieve。 30.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】However, 62 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，为了给娃娃增添精致和工艺感，她保留了一些手工制作的发型和妆容。本句已有谓语动词preserved, 所以lend用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to lend。 31.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】I wanted to create dolls 65 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想制作与中国人有文化联系的娃娃，以及具有丰富历史内涵的绢人。本句已有谓语动词wanted, 所以bear用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语doll之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语。故填bearing。 32.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】The mobile nature of the machine made 58 the perfect production machine to serve customers 59 (attend)outdoor sporting events, or circuses and fairs. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。动词attend意为“参加”, 和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填attending。 33.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when 62 (heat). 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：它在其他零食中占据主导地位的另一个原因是它在加热时散发出诱人的气味。动词heat意为“加热”, 和逻辑主语“爆米花”构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作状语。故填heated。 34.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】The challenge for athletes 58 ______(look) to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于想要用数据提升比赛水平的运动员而言，面临的挑战是找到最有帮助的信息类型。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“athlete”和动词“look”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填looking。 35.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials, actually threw away her GPS watch midrace 61_______ (avoid) distraction. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：本月早些时候，参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员Sara Hall为了避免分心，竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to avoid。 36.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Dr. Ethan Weiss, a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item 65 _______ (attach)at your wrist, like a leash(狗绳), is more likely to pull you toward more activity. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：加州大学的内科医生Ethan Weiss博士告诉他的病人，在手腕上系一条不同的东西，比如皮带，更有可能把你拉向更多的活动。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a different item”和动词“attach”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填attached。 37.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing ____44____(celebrate) Li’s 500th birthday. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，一场国际会议在北京举行，以庆祝李时珍的500岁生日。本句已有谓语动词was held，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 38..【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, ___36___(remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种时候，你可能会试图改变你的心态，提醒自己这种心态不会永远持续下去，或者专注于光明的一面。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处用非谓语动词作状语，动词remind是句子主语you主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填reminding。 39.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】According to some research ___42___(conduct) lately, we can choose the former. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近进行的一些研究，我们可以选择前者。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词conduct和被修饰的名词some research是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动。故填conducted。 40.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】____39____ (film) in fluent Mandarin, occasionally with a Cantonese accent, her videos quickly captured the interest of many viewers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她用流利的普通话拍摄视频，偶尔还会带有广东话的口音，这些视频迅速吸引了众多观众的兴趣。此处作状语，主句主语“her videos”和动词“film”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Filmed。 41.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】With her passion, language skills, and genuine love for China, Rachel continues to inspire her vast online community, _____45_____ (bridge) cultures and building connections across borders. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：凭借她的热情、语言能力和对中国真挚的热爱，Rachel继续激励着她的广大在线社区，跨越文化界限，建立联系。此处担当状语，表示主动关系，应用现在分词，和下文的“building”保持一致。故填bridging。 42.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】The lantern show promises 　44． 　 (be) an immersive experience in the world of Chinese folklore (民俗) and lanterns. 【解析】考查谓语动词不定式。句意：灯笼展有望成为中国民间传说和灯笼世界的沉浸式体验。此处不定式作宾语，故填 to be。 43.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】Instead, he was woken by the regular pounding of tea leaves with a pot and wooden hammer, ___37___ (signal) the start of the day. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：取而代之的是，他被茶壶和木锤敲打茶叶的声音吵醒，这标志着一天的开始。“(signal) the start of the day”作后置定语，signal(标志)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the regular pounding of tea leaves with a pot and wooden hammer之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填signaling/signalling。 44.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】 Zhou, 47, is not only a national-level inheritor of intangible cultural heritage ___39___ (link) to the unique tea of his ethnic group in Gongcheng Yao autonomous county of Guilin, South China’s GuangxiZhuang autonomous region, but he is also the head of the local association for the traditional beverage. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现年 47 岁的周某不仅是中国南方广西壮族自治区桂林市恭城瑶族自治县其族群特有茶叶相关的国家级非物质文化遗产传承人，还是当地传统饮料协会的会长。“(link) to the unique tea of his ethnic group...”作后置定语，link(与……有关联)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语intangible cultural heritage之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填linked。 45.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】In the center of Reykjavik, Iceland, stands a museum ___36___ (create) by Lillian Hopps, which symbolizes the friendship between Icelandic and Chinese people. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在冰岛雷克雅未克市中心，矗立着一座由Lillian Hopps创建的博物馆，象征着冰岛和中国人民之间的友谊。本句的谓语是stands，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a museum和create之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。 46.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】 Lillian’s work goes beyond just ___41___ (exhibit) these items; she brings the culture alive through highly interactive activities like tea performances, calligraphy classes, and traditional medicine talks, promoting the Icelandic understanding of China’s rich traditions. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Lillian的作品不仅仅是展示这些物品；她通过茶艺表演、书法课和传统医学讲座等高度互动的活动，使文化鲜活起来，促进冰岛人对中国丰富传统的理解。空处应用动名词，作介词beyond的宾语。故填exhibiting。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$