专题01 谓语动词的时态和语态（知识网络+考点考法+考点练透）-备战2025年高考英语语法填空专项训练

专题01 击破谓语动词的时态和语态 击破目录 第一部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的基础知识网络 1 一．近3年高考英语语法填空题中出现谓语动词的时态和语态考点统计表 1 二．谓语动词的时态和语态的基本知识 2 （一）各种时态的用法 2 （二）各种时态的被动语态 9 （三）主动语态表达被动意义 11 （四）主谓一致 12 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 15 一．时态 15 二．语态 15 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 16 一．高考真题54题 16 二．高考模拟试题37题 23 第1部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的基础知识网络 一．下面是近3年高考英语语法填空题中出现谓语动词的时态和语态考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 2024年 新高考I卷 the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey (答案为walks ) 1 新高考II卷 Some of the things_58_(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (答案为 were) a six-meter-tall pavilion__61_(build) at the Firs Garden (答案为was built ) 2 全国甲卷 They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party(答案为were) 1 全国乙卷 What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? (答案为be done) 1 北京卷 My heart went out to him, and I __20__ (jog) over to him. (答案为jogged) which helps us and __13__ (give) us the opportunity to ---(答案为gives) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood _15_ (name) the world’s oldest living man. (答案为was named) 3 浙江卷 if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs(答案为be offered) Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken(答案为have started) 2 2023年 新高考I卷 / 0 新高考II卷 As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper (答案为wished) 1 全国甲卷 a simple literal form can still_____70_____ (employ) today(答案为be employed) 1 全国乙卷 I __67__ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,(答案为was amazed) The remarkable development of this city__70_____(mean) there is always something new(答案为means) 2 北京卷 I __11__(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised(答案为threw) no other guest__13_(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (答案为had arrived) Up to now, China _16__(establish) a number of protected areas (答案为has established) 3 浙江卷 the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles(答案为surrounded) Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center(答案为were permitted) The large siheyuan 60 (feature) beautifully carved roof beams . (答案为featured) concentric (同心的) circles语法填空1月:featured 3 2022年 新高考I卷 areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected(答案为were/have been) The GPNP _____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle(答案为is designed) 2 新高考II卷 Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.(答案为was fixing) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running(答案为threw) 2 全国甲卷 In the last five years, Cao _____(walk) through 34 countries(答案为has walked) 1 全国乙卷 The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony.(答案为addressed) 1 北京卷 Gas naturally ___35___ (have) no recognizable smell.(答案为has) The use of those plastics _39_ (increase) by 300% since 2019. (答案为has increased) the man ___32____ (catch) up with her(答案为caught) 3 浙江卷 Travelling to conferences ___37_（view）as important (答案为is viewed/has been viewed) But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning(答案为are) climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly since the effort started two years ago. (答案为have promised) 二．谓语动词的时态和语态的基本知识 （一）各种时态的用法 1.一般现在时 构成： do/does 用法：(1)表示现在的情况、状态、客观事实或真理。 (2)表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，常与always , every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually，at …， in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,on Sunday(s), at seven 等连用。 (3)在时间、条件或让步状语从句中通常用一般现在时代 替一般将来时。 (4)表示按时间表、时刻表等将要发生的动作，常用动词为go, come, open, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, close,take off等。 I always drink coffee for breakfast.我总是喝咖啡当早餐。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 Our flight leaves at 11:45.我们的飞机11点45分起飞。 2.一般过去时 构成：did 用法：(1)表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 in the past, the other day,...ago,just now,yesterday, last week, last year,in 2011等表示过去的时间状语连用。 (2)表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。 (3)表示过去时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 I went shopping yesterday. 昨天我去购物了。 I saw him in the street three days ago. 三天前我在街上见到他。 We had a good time last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。 3.现在完成时 构成：have/has +过去分词 用法： (1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet (常位于否定句和疑问句句末）, already, before, ever（常用于疑问句), just, recently, lately, so far, up to now, in recent yeas, over the years, for+时间段 eg. ① We have known each other for twenty years. ② My father has lived here since 2000. ③ I have been there for two days. ④ We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad. (2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，常常带有twice, ever, never, before等状语。 (4)在“It/This is +the first/second/third/...time+that从句”句型中， that从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。 eg. ①This is the first (that) I have come here. ②This is the best tea (that)I have ever drunk (5)在“It/This is +the +形容词最高级+名词+从句”句型中， 从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。 (6)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。 4.现在进行时 构成：am/is/are+现在分词 用法： (1)表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等连用。 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 (2)表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。 (3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever,for over 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 (4)在表示此时此刻的语境中，如出现了listen，look之类的词。 Look, the boy is taking a photo. (5)注意：表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, stay, start, land, meet, move, begin, return, stop, do等）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。 I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 5.一般将来时 构成 用法 will/shall +动词原形 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态 表示说话人临时做出的决定 is/am/are going to+动词原形 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事 表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生 is/am/are about to+动词原形 表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用 is/am/are to+动词原形 表示按计划或安排要做的事情 表示按职责、义务将要发生的动作 一般将来时时间状语： before long 不久 in the future 在将来 in two weeks在两周后 the day after tomorrow 后天 some day 将来的某一天 next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/年/夏天 soon很快 this evening今天晚上 this afternoon今天下午 tomorrow 明天 She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 The play is going to be produced next month.这出戏下月开播。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 6.过去进行时 构成：was/were+现在分词 用法：(1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。 At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。 (2)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生 时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 7.将来进行时 构成：will/shall+be doing 用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 8.过去完成时 构成：had+过去分词 用法：(1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生 或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。 |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 过去的过去　 过去　 现在 She had learned some English before she came to the institute. (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的 动作，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/ by the end of +过去时间点(过去的某一时间), by + 过去时间点; by the time + 过去时间点; before + 过去时间点; by then (3)在宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。常在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said that she had seen the film before. (4)intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish 等动词可以用过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等. We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. (5)Hardly/ Scarcely/ Rarely/ Barely…when…; No sooner…than…句型位于句首时，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去式，且用倒装，译为：刚刚......就......; 一......就...... No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. (6)用在“It was the+序数词或最高级+that+…”； (7)用在It was high time that... 从句用过去完成时 但It is high time that ....从句用一般过去时或(should)+动词原形 9.现在完成进行时 构成：have/has been doing 用法：现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。 现在完成进行时可表示1.持续性 2.重复性 3.感情色彩 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语： all day / month this month / week / year these days recently / lately in the past few + 时间段 since +时间点 for + 时间段... 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时 He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成) He has been cleaning the window.  他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成) He has met the girl in the library again. He has been meeting a girl in the library lately. (1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的 延续和反复. Tom has been riding horses the whole morning. Tom has ridden horses three times this morning. . (2)现在完成进行时表示反复的，连续的动作，不与表示次数、频度的词连用 Who has been eating my apples？ Who has eaten my apples？ (3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果。 He has been painting for decades and he says he sees no possibility of quitting his job. (4)在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完 成进行时，但在明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。 10.过去将来时 would/should +动词原形 表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 was/were going to+动词原形 表示过去某时计划、打算做某事 was/were about to+动词原形 表示过去某时即将做某事 （二）各种时态的被动语态 概念：1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 如：We study English every day. 2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 如：English is studied all over the world. 构成: be(体现时态) + 过去分词 (1)一般现在时构成： am /is /are +过去分词 如:Rice is grown in South China. (2)一般过去时构成： was/were +过去分词 如:She was asked to sing a song. (3)一般将来时构成： will be +过去分词 或be going to be +过去分词 如:The conference will be held in Beijing. (4)过去将来时构成： would be +过去分词 如:He knew he would be punished for it. (5)现在进行时构成： am /is /are being +过去分词 如:The road is being widened. (6)过去进行时构成： was /were being +过去分词 如:The road was being repaired then. (7)现在完成时构成： have /has been +过去分词 如:All the tickets have been sold out. (8)过去完成时构成： had been +过去分词 如:All the tickets had been sold out when I arried. (9)含情态动词构成 情态动词+ be +过去分词 如:More space stations may be built. （三）主动语态表达被动意义 1. lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时 （且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。）例如： The poem translates well. 这首诗翻译得很好。 The cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗涤。 Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 那种自行车很难卖出。 2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen表示“称重”、“测量”、“花费”、“持续”、“发生”等状态动词或不及物动词。例如： The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。 What happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事？ 3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词。例如： The bamboo chair feels cool. 这竹椅摸起来很凉快。 His theory sounded reasonable. 他的理论听起来有些道理。 4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值 得），后面跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。例如： The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired). 那座旧房子需要修了。 This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典很值得买。 5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面，所跟的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义，该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry. 这个书包背起来似乎很重。 The water in the river is unfit to drink. 这条河里的水不宜饮用。 6. 不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时。例如： She has an old grandfather to look after. 她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照顾。 Please give the child a picture-book to read. 请给那孩子一本图画书看。 （四）主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语保持一致 基本概念: 谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 1.主谓一致的三个原则: （1）语法一致 概念：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 例句： ①谓语与主语的数一致： We take exercise every day. /Tom takes exercise every day. ②主语是“many a/an +单数名词”，谓语用单数： Many a person has read the novel. ③主语是“more than +单数名词”，谓语用单数： More than one teacher gets the flowers. ④主语是“neither +单数名词”, 谓语用单数： Neither boy is to blame. ⑤主语是复合不定代词, 谓语用单数： Everything around us is matter. （2）意义一致 概念: 谓语动词要和主语在意义上的单复数保持一致 例句： ①主语是people, the police, cattle等, 谓语用复数: Cattle eat grass. ②主语是family, audience, crew, crowd, class, group, company, committee等时，强调整体是单数，强调各个成员时是复数：The class were /was interested in his lecture. ③主语是“the+形容词或分词”， 如the rich, the poor, the dead, the living, the injured等表示某一类人时，谓语用复数：The rich are not always happier than the poor. ④主语是the Chinese (中国人), the British (英国人), the Irish (爱尔兰人)等时，谓语用复数：The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. ⑤主语是表示时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词，通常把它们看作一个整体，谓语用单数：Ten pounds is enough./Thirty years isn’t a long time. ⑥主语形式是复数但意义却是单数的news, plastics和表示学科的mathematics, physics, politics等时，谓语用单数：Mathematics is her favorite subject. ⑦主语是单复数同形的sheep, deer, means, works (工厂), species (种类)等，要与实际意义一致：Every means has been tried./ All possible means have been tried. （3）就近一致 概念：谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致 ①There be结构 There is a pen and several books on the desk. There are several books and a pen on the desk. ②平行结构 Either you or I am wrong. Either you or she is wrong. ③here, there引导 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. （4） 主谓一致的12个难点: ①动名词、不定式、从句作主语，谓语用单数： Remembering English words is difficult./ What he says is important. ②each of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数： Each of us has a new computer. ③either /neither of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数： Neither of the texts is /are interesting. ④ none of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数： None of the money here is mine. none of +复数名词或代词, 谓语用单数或复数： None of them speak(s) English. ⑤ half/most/all/the rest/thirty percent/one third of+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致： The rest of the bread was thrown away. /The rest of the eggs have gone bad. ⑥指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列结构，谓语动词用单数： The poet and writer is coming to our school tomorrow. ⑦有no, each, every, many a修饰的并列单数主语，谓语动词用单数形式：Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. ⑧one of +复数名词+who.... 谓语动词用复数： She is one of the students who have passed the exam. the only one of +复数名词+who... 谓语动词用单数： She is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. ⑨a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数: A number of foreigners are working in China. the number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数： The number of foreign visitors is increasing. ⑩ a quantity of+名词，谓语与所接名词的数一致： A large quantity of nuts are on the table. quantities of+名词，谓语一律用复数： Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. ⑪A + with/together with/along with/ like/ except/but/no less than/as well as +B,谓语与A一致： The teacher, together with some students, has gone to a nursing home. ⑫ all指the only thing或everything时, 是单数： All I want is peace and quiet. 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 一．时态 1.时状明示 Since 2011, the country ___________(grow) more corn than rice. (答案为has grown) 2.前后一致 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad..., the huge animal _______(mean) me no real harm. (答案为meant) 3.并列一致 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______ (be) too violent for use at the table. (were与would并列,答案为were ) 4.主谓一致 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable. （答案为is） 二．语态 1.主谓一致 Sarah_________________________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (答案为was told /has been told) 2.情后原形 Truly elegant chopsticks might ______ (make) of gold and silver. (答案为be made) 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一．近年高考真题 1.【2024新课标I卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2.【2024新课标II卷】Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 3.【2024新课标II卷】 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 4.【2024全国甲卷】They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 5.【2024全国甲卷】What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? 6.【2024年北京卷】My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. 7.【2024年北京卷】When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 8.【2024年北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 9.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. 10.【2024浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 11.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷·65) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still_____70_____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 13.(2023年全国乙卷·67) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 14.(2023年全国乙卷·70) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 15.【2023年北京卷】Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 16.【2023年北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 17.【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 18.【2023年浙江卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 19.【2023年浙江卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 20.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas. 21.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity(原真) and integrity（完整性） of natural ecosystems preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations.” 22. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 23. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 24.(2022年全国甲卷·67) In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro. 25.（2022年全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. 26.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally __35___ (have) no recognisable smell. 27.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____39____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 28.【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____32____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 29.【2022年1月浙江卷】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 30.【2022年1月浙江卷】But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 31.【2022年1月浙江卷】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 32.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 33.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 34. (2021年全国甲卷·41) It (The Xi’an City Wall) __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 35. (2021年全国甲卷·46) We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 36.(2021·浙江, 语篇填空)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _____________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.  37.(2021·全国甲, 语篇填空)It _____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).  38.(2021·天津3月, 单项填空) We _____________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break.  39.(2020·全国Ⅰ, 语篇填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.   40.(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷·38) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. 41. (2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 42. (2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers __________________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 43. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·67&68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________________ (construct).” 44.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. 45.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63) The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 46.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river. 47. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 48. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 49.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 50. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years. 51. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 52. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·69) On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 53. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 54. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Since 2011, the country ___________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years. 二．高考模拟试题 1.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He performed well in the exam and 58 (admit) to Anhui Polytechnic University. 2.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】After entering the college, under the guidance of his professor, he, along with some classmates, 60 (form) a small scientific research team to design a set of wearable devices that help disabled people perform various daily activities. 3.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Your brain 38 (connect) to a super advanced computer which sends it electrical signals just like the ones you get from your senses when you are experiencing real life. 4.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】One legend goes that the first kite 37 (invent) by Mozi, who spent three years making a wooden hawk (鹰). 5.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】 In the Song Dynasty, kite flying 41 (become) a fashion. 6.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】Novels, for the most part, 59 （look）upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. 7.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】 It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing 63 （attract）audiences from all walks of life. 8.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】The pair of trains running between Chongqing and Zunyi city of Guizhou Province 37 (stop) at 20 stations on the 300-kilometer journey. 9.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Every time the slow train 43 (expect) to pull into the station, workers, the old, children and dogs all stand together on the platform 10.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】It’s meant as a nod to its demanding nature and a reminder of its high standards that ensure that any performance 33 (do)the way the forefathers wanted it. 11.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Peking Opera is demanding because of the extensive list of skills it 34 (require). 12.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】The item “Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China” 36 (pass) the examination at the 17th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee. 13.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Associated social practices, however, 44 (spread) throughout the country and shared by multiple ethnic groups. 14.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Xu tried his hand at translation in college, when he 37 (quote) “of the people, by the people, for the people” from Abraham Lincoln to explain Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People to foreigners. 15.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Among those objects, a huge bronze mask (面具) that 37 (discover) in 2021, measures 71 cm high by 131 cm wide, and dates back to around 1300-1100 BC． 16.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Among those objects, a huge bronze mask (面具) that was discovered in 2021, measures 71 cm high by 131 cm wide, and 38 (date) back to around 1300-1100 BC． 17.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】The specific types of incense_____65_____(choose) based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being. 18.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Over the past thousands of years, knots ____57____ (play) an important part in the life of Chinese. 19.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】The knots ____63____ (pull) tightly together and are strong enough to be used for binding or wrapping, making them very practical. 20.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ordinary people often use wood such as pine, elm, and beech, but the quality between the woods___39___ (different) greatly. 21.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】When I was little, dolls 64 (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls. " 22.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ever since, popcorn and movies 65 (continue)to be as iconic as any duo (二重奏) out there. 23.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials, actually 60 _______(throw) away her GPS watch midrace to avoid distraction. 24.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】Since its first publication in 1596, the book____41____(receive) world-wide recognition. 25.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】In 2011, the book____43____(list) on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. 26.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】Here ___40___(come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it on your own? 27.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】How you think and feel can ___43___(shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time. 28.【2024届广东省广州市下学期二模英语试卷】Visiting hilltop or cliff-top pagodas, or those hidden in deep forests, ___59___ (require) great determination, physical strength and even luck, so few people get to see them in person. 29.【2024届广东省广州市下学期二模英语试卷】In 2023, their weighty 960-page book___64___ (release), entitled The l,001 Chinese Ancient Pagodas You Must See Before You Die. 30.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】What many may not know is that she spent her childhood in Guangdong and ____37____ (call) China her home since the age of six. 31.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】Her popularity ____42____ (boost) further in 2023, thanks to My Guangdong Story, a six-episode documentary series that explored the lives of foreigners in Guangdong. 32.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】A lantern installation (灯组), the "A Night of Fish and Dragon Dance," 　36． 　 (light) up Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden malls on Friday. 33.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】More than just a lantern show, it also 　45． 　 (serve) as an opening activity to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 1964. 34.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】“Pounding the leaves to make our traditional ‘oil tea’___38___ (remain) part of our daily life,” he said. 35.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】 It ___41___ (observe) for thousands of years. 36.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】The museum ___39___ (house) an extensive collection of cultural relics, from ancient clothing to contemporary art, displaying thousands of years of Chinese civilization. 37.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】Lilian’s museum, attracting thousands of visitors annually from around the world, ___43___ (recognize) by the Icelandic government in 2021 for its impact. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 击破谓语动词的时态和语态 击破目录 第一部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的基础知识网络 1 一．近3年高考英语语法填空题中出现谓语动词的时态和语态考点统计表 1 二．谓语动词的时态和语态的基本知识 2 （一）各种时态的用法 2 （二）各种时态的被动语态 9 （三）主动语态表达被动意义 11 （四）主谓一致 12 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 15 一．时态 15 二．语态 15 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 16 一．高考真题54题 16 二．高考模拟试题37题 32 第1部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的基础知识网络 一．下面是近3年高考英语语法填空题中出现谓语动词的时态和语态考点统计表 时间 卷次 语法填空 合计 2024年 新高考I卷 the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey (答案为walks ) 1 新高考II卷 Some of the things_58_(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (答案为 were) a six-meter-tall pavilion__61_(build) at the Firs Garden (答案为was built ) 2 全国甲卷 They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party(答案为were) 1 全国乙卷 What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? (答案为be done) 1 北京卷 My heart went out to him, and I __20__ (jog) over to him. (答案为jogged) which helps us and __13__ (give) us the opportunity to ---(答案为gives) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood _15_ (name) the world’s oldest living man. (答案为was named) 3 浙江卷 if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs(答案为be offered) Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken(答案为have started) 2 2023年 新高考I卷 / 0 新高考II卷 As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper (答案为wished) 1 全国甲卷 a simple literal form can still_____70_____ (employ) today(答案为be employed) 1 全国乙卷 I __67__ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,(答案为was amazed) The remarkable development of this city__70_____(mean) there is always something new(答案为means) 2 北京卷 I __11__(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised(答案为threw) no other guest__13_(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (答案为had arrived) Up to now, China _16__(establish) a number of protected areas (答案为has established) 3 浙江卷 the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles(答案为surrounded) Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center(答案为were permitted) The large siheyuan 60 (feature) beautifully carved roof beams . (答案为featured) concentric (同心的) circles语法填空1月:featured 3 2022年 新高考I卷 areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected(答案为were/have been) The GPNP _____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle(答案为is designed) 2 新高考II卷 Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.(答案为was fixing) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running(答案为threw) 2 全国甲卷 In the last five years, Cao _____(walk) through 34 countries(答案为has walked) 1 全国乙卷 The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony.(答案为addressed) 1 北京卷 Gas naturally ___35___ (have) no recognizable smell.(答案为has) The use of those plastics _39_ (increase) by 300% since 2019. (答案为has increased) the man ___32____ (catch) up with her(答案为caught) 3 浙江卷 Travelling to conferences ___37_（view）as important (答案为is viewed/has been viewed) But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning(答案为are) climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly since the effort started two years ago. (答案为have promised) 二．谓语动词的时态和语态的基本知识 （一）各种时态的用法 1.一般现在时 构成： do/does 用法：(1)表示现在的情况、状态、客观事实或真理。 (2)表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，常与always , every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually，at …， in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,on Sunday(s), at seven 等连用。 (3)在时间、条件或让步状语从句中通常用一般现在时代 替一般将来时。 (4)表示按时间表、时刻表等将要发生的动作，常用动词为go, come, open, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, close,take off等。 I always drink coffee for breakfast.我总是喝咖啡当早餐。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 Our flight leaves at 11:45.我们的飞机11点45分起飞。 2.一般过去时 构成：did 用法：(1)表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 in the past, the other day,...ago,just now,yesterday, last week, last year,in 2011等表示过去的时间状语连用。 (2)表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。 (3)表示过去时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 I went shopping yesterday. 昨天我去购物了。 I saw him in the street three days ago. 三天前我在街上见到他。 We had a good time last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。 3.现在完成时 构成：have/has +过去分词 用法： (1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet (常位于否定句和疑问句句末）, already, before, ever（常用于疑问句), just, recently, lately, so far, up to now, in recent yeas, over the years, for+时间段 eg. ① We have known each other for twenty years. ② My father has lived here since 2000. ③ I have been there for two days. ④ We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad. (2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，常常带有twice, ever, never, before等状语。 (4)在“It/This is +the first/second/third/...time+that从句”句型中， that从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。 eg. ①This is the first (that) I have come here. ②This is the best tea (that)I have ever drunk (5)在“It/This is +the +形容词最高级+名词+从句”句型中， 从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。 (6)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。 4.现在进行时 构成：am/is/are+现在分词 用法： (1)表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等连用。 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 (2)表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。 (3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever,for over 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 (4)在表示此时此刻的语境中，如出现了listen，look之类的词。 Look, the boy is taking a photo. (5)注意：表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, stay, start, land, meet, move, begin, return, stop, do等）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。 I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 5.一般将来时 构成 用法 will/shall +动词原形 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态 表示说话人临时做出的决定 is/am/are going to+动词原形 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事 表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生 is/am/are about to+动词原形 表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用 is/am/are to+动词原形 表示按计划或安排要做的事情 表示按职责、义务将要发生的动作 一般将来时时间状语： before long 不久 in the future 在将来 in two weeks在两周后 the day after tomorrow 后天 some day 将来的某一天 next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/年/夏天 soon很快 this evening今天晚上 this afternoon今天下午 tomorrow 明天 She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 The play is going to be produced next month.这出戏下月开播。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 6.过去进行时 构成：was/were+现在分词 用法：(1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。 At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。 (2)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生 时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 7.将来进行时 构成：will/shall+be doing 用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 8.过去完成时 构成：had+过去分词 用法：(1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生 或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。 |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 过去的过去　 过去　 现在 She had learned some English before she came to the institute. (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的 动作，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/ by the end of +过去时间点(过去的某一时间), by + 过去时间点; by the time + 过去时间点; before + 过去时间点; by then (3)在宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。常在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said that she had seen the film before. (4)intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish 等动词可以用过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等. We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. (5)Hardly/ Scarcely/ Rarely/ Barely…when…; No sooner…than…句型位于句首时，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去式，且用倒装，译为：刚刚......就......; 一......就...... No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. (6)用在“It was the+序数词或最高级+that+…”； (7)用在It was high time that... 从句用过去完成时 但It is high time that ....从句用一般过去时或(should)+动词原形 9.现在完成进行时 构成：have/has been doing 用法：现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。 现在完成进行时可表示1.持续性 2.重复性 3.感情色彩 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语： all day / month this month / week / year these days recently / lately in the past few + 时间段 since +时间点 for + 时间段... 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时 He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成) He has been cleaning the window.  他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成) He has met the girl in the library again. He has been meeting a girl in the library lately. (1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的 延续和反复. Tom has been riding horses the whole morning. Tom has ridden horses three times this morning. . (2)现在完成进行时表示反复的，连续的动作，不与表示次数、频度的词连用 Who has been eating my apples？ Who has eaten my apples？ (3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果。 He has been painting for decades and he says he sees no possibility of quitting his job. (4)在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完 成进行时，但在明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。 10.过去将来时 would/should +动词原形 表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 was/were going to+动词原形 表示过去某时计划、打算做某事 was/were about to+动词原形 表示过去某时即将做某事 （二）各种时态的被动语态 概念：1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 如：We study English every day. 2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 如：English is studied all over the world. 构成: be(体现时态) + 过去分词 (1)一般现在时构成： am /is /are +过去分词 如:Rice is grown in South China. (2)一般过去时构成： was/were +过去分词 如:She was asked to sing a song. (3)一般将来时构成： will be +过去分词 或be going to be +过去分词 如:The conference will be held in Beijing. (4)过去将来时构成： would be +过去分词 如:He knew he would be punished for it. (5)现在进行时构成： am /is /are being +过去分词 如:The road is being widened. (6)过去进行时构成： was /were being +过去分词 如:The road was being repaired then. (7)现在完成时构成： have /has been +过去分词 如:All the tickets have been sold out. (8)过去完成时构成： had been +过去分词 如:All the tickets had been sold out when I arried. (9)含情态动词构成 情态动词+ be +过去分词 如:More space stations may be built. （三）主动语态表达被动意义 1. lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时 （且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。）例如： The poem translates well. 这首诗翻译得很好。 The cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗涤。 Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 那种自行车很难卖出。 2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen表示“称重”、“测量”、“花费”、“持续”、“发生”等状态动词或不及物动词。例如： The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。 What happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事？ 3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词。例如： The bamboo chair feels cool. 这竹椅摸起来很凉快。 His theory sounded reasonable. 他的理论听起来有些道理。 4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值 得），后面跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。例如： The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired). 那座旧房子需要修了。 This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典很值得买。 5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面，所跟的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义，该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry. 这个书包背起来似乎很重。 The water in the river is unfit to drink. 这条河里的水不宜饮用。 6. 不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时。例如： She has an old grandfather to look after. 她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照顾。 Please give the child a picture-book to read. 请给那孩子一本图画书看。 （四）主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语保持一致 基本概念: 谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 1.主谓一致的三个原则: （1）语法一致 概念：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 例句： ①谓语与主语的数一致： We take exercise every day. /Tom takes exercise every day. ②主语是“many a/an +单数名词”，谓语用单数： Many a person has read the novel. ③主语是“more than +单数名词”，谓语用单数： More than one teacher gets the flowers. ④主语是“neither +单数名词”, 谓语用单数： Neither boy is to blame. ⑤主语是复合不定代词, 谓语用单数： Everything around us is matter. （2）意义一致 概念: 谓语动词要和主语在意义上的单复数保持一致 例句： ①主语是people, the police, cattle等, 谓语用复数: Cattle eat grass. ②主语是family, audience, crew, crowd, class, group, company, committee等时，强调整体是单数，强调各个成员时是复数：The class were /was interested in his lecture. ③主语是“the+形容词或分词”， 如the rich, the poor, the dead, the living, the injured等表示某一类人时，谓语用复数：The rich are not always happier than the poor. ④主语是the Chinese (中国人), the British (英国人), the Irish (爱尔兰人)等时，谓语用复数：The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. ⑤主语是表示时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词，通常把它们看作一个整体，谓语用单数：Ten pounds is enough./Thirty years isn’t a long time. ⑥主语形式是复数但意义却是单数的news, plastics和表示学科的mathematics, physics, politics等时，谓语用单数：Mathematics is her favorite subject. ⑦主语是单复数同形的sheep, deer, means, works (工厂), species (种类)等，要与实际意义一致：Every means has been tried./ All possible means have been tried. （3）就近一致 概念：谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致 ①There be结构 There is a pen and several books on the desk. There are several books and a pen on the desk. ②平行结构 Either you or I am wrong. Either you or she is wrong. ③here, there引导 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. （4） 主谓一致的12个难点: ①动名词、不定式、从句作主语，谓语用单数： Remembering English words is difficult./ What he says is important. ②each of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数： Each of us has a new computer. ③either /neither of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数： Neither of the texts is /are interesting. ④ none of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数： None of the money here is mine. none of +复数名词或代词, 谓语用单数或复数： None of them speak(s) English. ⑤ half/most/all/the rest/thirty percent/one third of+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致： The rest of the bread was thrown away. /The rest of the eggs have gone bad. ⑥指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列结构，谓语动词用单数： The poet and writer is coming to our school tomorrow. ⑦有no, each, every, many a修饰的并列单数主语，谓语动词用单数形式：Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. ⑧one of +复数名词+who.... 谓语动词用复数： She is one of the students who have passed the exam. the only one of +复数名词+who... 谓语动词用单数： She is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. ⑨a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数: A number of foreigners are working in China. the number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数： The number of foreign visitors is increasing. ⑩ a quantity of+名词，谓语与所接名词的数一致： A large quantity of nuts are on the table. quantities of+名词，谓语一律用复数： Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. ⑪A + with/together with/along with/ like/ except/but/no less than/as well as +B,谓语与A一致： The teacher, together with some students, has gone to a nursing home. ⑫ all指the only thing或everything时, 是单数： All I want is peace and quiet. 第二部分 谓语动词的时态和语态的考点考法 一．时态 1.时状明示 Since 2011, the country ___________(grow) more corn than rice. (答案为has grown) 2.前后一致 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad..., the huge animal _______(mean) me no real harm. (答案为meant) 3.并列一致 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______ (be) too violent for use at the table. (were与would并列,答案为were ) 4.主谓一致 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable. （答案为is） 二．语态 1.主谓一致 Sarah_________________________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (答案为was told /has been told) 2.情后原形 Truly elegant chopsticks might ______ (make) of gold and silver. (答案为be made) 第三部分 谓语动词的时态和语态考点练透 一．近年高考真题 1.【2024新课标I卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2.【2024新课标II卷】Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 3.【2024新课标II卷】 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4.【2024全国甲卷】They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5.【2024全国甲卷】What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6.【2024年北京卷】My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. 【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 7.【2024年北京卷】When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 8.【2024年北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 9.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 10.【2024浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 11.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷·65) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意: 作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。根据前面的时间状语As a little girl 可知,希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作，故填wished。 12.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still_____70_____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【解析】考查谓语动词的语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。employ和其逻辑主语a simple literary form之间是动宾关系，故句子应用被动语态；上文已有情态动词can,助动词应为be, 故填be employed。 13.(2023年全国乙卷·67) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里，我参观了几次，我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断发展的同时能够保留着这么丰富的遗产感到惊讶。.be amazed by----对-------感到惊讶，故填was amazed。 14.(2023年全国乙卷·70) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是没有什么新的发现，我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，设空处为主句的谓语，主语为The remarkable development of this city，是第三人称单数，因此设空处应用一般现在时的单数形式，故填means。 15.【2023年北京卷】Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 16.【2023年北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 17.【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 18.【2023年浙江卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一政。句意：较高阶层的公民被允许住在离圆圈中心更近的地方。根据上文中的时间状语“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时；分折句子结构可知，动词permit和主语“Citizens of higher social classes”之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语“Citizens of higher social classes”是复数，be动词应用were。故填were permitted。 19.【2023年浙江卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：这些高级官员和富商的大型四合院通常以雕刻精美的屋顶横梁和柱子为特色。根据上文的时间状语“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填featured。 20.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas. 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，为大熊猫带来了许多现有的保护区。分析句子成分可知，设空处为定语从句的谓语，先行词为areas，再根据“previously (以前，先前)”可知，动作发生在过去，因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式，故填were或have been。 21.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity(原真) and integrity（完整性） of natural ecosystems preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations.” 【解析】考查动词的语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产资产的指导原则。因主语The GPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态，be designed to do sth也可看作固定搭配 (目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事)；此处陈述客观事实，且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is designed。 22. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:亨利听到尖叫声时正在修车。此处为be doing sth when sb did sth句型，意为“正在做某事，这时某人(突然)做某事”，此处描述过去的事情，故填was fixing。 23. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他赶紧把工具扔到一边，伸开双臂跑了起来。与空后的started构成并列关系，故应用一般过去时，故填threw。 24.(2022年全国甲卷·67) In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的五年里，曹走过了六大洲的34个国家，并于2016年登上了乞力马扎罗山的顶降。由时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，故填has walked。 25.（2022年全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. 【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会主席在开幕式上致辞。分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作谓语。由文章内容可知，整篇文章描述的都是过去发生的事情，故该句应用般过去时。故填addressed。 26.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally __35___ (have) no recognisable smell. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 27.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____39____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 28.【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____32____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 29.【2022年1月浙江卷】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：经常乘坐飞机前往会议、讲座、研讨会等，这对科学家们聚集并交流信息非常重要。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以用现在完成时强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词短语作主语，且与view之间构成被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 30.【2022年1月浙江卷】But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但科布和其他人现在质疑这一想法，即推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会，并改变他们的个人行为，以在应对气候变化危机中发挥自己的作用。根据语境可知，此处应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 31.【2022年1月浙江卷】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个名为“禁飞气候科学”的网站上，大约有40名（粗略）200名学者——其中许多气候科学家承诺，自两年前开始这项工作以来，他们将尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since.”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 32.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:接下来是无穷无尽的一系列步骤。你不禁会想，当时的人们要把这些石头放到位有多难。由then可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很艰难, 故填was。 33.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:每当我听说有企业使用塑料，我就会发电子邮件。我写信给最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空巴黎公司。由前文的heard及从句的谓语wrote可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；又因在“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，故填was。 34. (2021年全国甲卷·41) It (The Xi’an City Wall) __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:它(西安城墙)最初是在唐朝为了保护城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。因主语it (The Xi’an City Wall)与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的时间状语in the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，故填was built。 35. (2021年全国甲卷·46) We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，不能胜任这项工作。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，故填hired。 36.(2021·浙江, 语篇填空)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _____________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.  【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:我它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河上的种植园那样令人印象深刻，但林肯位于伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据后面的时间状语since it opened to the public可判断, 用现在完成时。故填has proved/has proven。 37.(2021·全国甲, 语篇填空)It _____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).  【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:它最初是在唐朝为保护城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复。根据in the Tang dynasty判断, 用一般过去时, 又因该处表示被动含义, 主语为it, 所以填was built。 38.(2021·天津3月, 单项填空) We _____________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break.  【解析】句意: 今天上午我们做的工作够多的了, 现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句 “now let’s take a break” 可知, 做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在, 应用现在完成时。故填have done。 39.(2020·全国Ⅰ, 语篇填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.   【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器探测器)，这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的月亮女神，于上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知, 主语为The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe, 设空处为谓语动词, 根据空后的last week可知, 此处应用一般过去时，故填touched。 40.(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷·38) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士(Sir Hans Sloane)收集的8万件藏品，构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆(British Museum)的核心藏品。formed由前文的时间状语In the 18th and 19th centuries可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填formed。 41. (2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:博物馆向公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。通常，博物馆的藏品中只有一小部分是展出的。其中大部分被储存起来或用于研究。因主语The parts of a museum与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且此处陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填are called。(被动语态、时态前后一致)因“a part of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后名词的数，根据collection为单数可知，谓语动词应用单数形式，本句陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。 42. (2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers __________________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:由于可能的主题的数量实际上是无限的，因此我们将重点放在最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的示例上，并解释技术的基本原理。因“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，结合下文的focus和explain可知，本句应用一般现在时，故填is。因readers与encourage之间是被动关系，且结合上文时态可知用一般现在时，主语readers为复数，故填are encouraged。 43. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·67&68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________________ (construct).” 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:布朗大学的科学家卡尔·彼得斯说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构成的信息。”结合上文的excites及空后的have可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时，且主语it为第三人称单数，故填means(时态前后一致、主谓一致)；从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系，且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，the moon为单数概念，故填is constructed。 44.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。分析句子成分可知，本句包含why引导的表语从句，设空处为从句的谓语动词；且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句的主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。 45.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63) The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:画家确信自己会被选中，但当他把自己的杰作拿给皇帝的首席大臣时，老人笑了。从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系, 且位于情态动词would后, 故填be chosen。46.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民在哪里可以找到传说中的（传奇的）艺术家，他们微笑着指着河的下游。设空处与and前的smiled并列, 叙述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时，故填pointed。 47. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:近年来，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，在人类定居点附近看到熊的情况有所增加。由时间状语in recent years可知, 此处用现在完成时态, 故填have reported。 48. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在已确认的19个北极熊亚群中，3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据空格前的are及空格后的is可知, 本句是一般现在时; 又由six可知要用复数, 故填are。 49.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:拿起她的“终身成就奖”，艾琳自豪地宣布她没有退休的计划从她36年的生意中。由后文的had和said 可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填declared。 50. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:艾琳说：“我看不出有任何理由放弃工作。考查考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:。由时间状语“over the years”可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填have made。 51. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:我们的主人分享了许多他们的经历，并推荐了一些很棒的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。因and并列两个谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故填recommended。 52. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·69) On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在我们为期一周的停留的最后一天，我们被邀请去北岸一个美丽的农场参加一场私人音乐会，在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏，并结识有趣的当地人。句意:。因主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系；再结合文章时态可知，应用一般过去时。主语是we，故填were invited。 53. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老，但该评论称，在延长寿命方面，跑步比散步、骑自行车或游泳更有效。此处在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。 54. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Since 2011, the country ___________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:自2011年以来，该国种植的玉米超过了水稻。玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%。由Since 2011可知用现在完成时，且主语country是单数名词，故用has grown。 二．高考模拟试题 1.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】He performed well in the exam and 58 (admit) to Anhui Polytechnic University. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他在考试中表现出色，被安徽工程大学录取。此处做谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，be admitted to固定搭配，意为“被录取”, 故填was admitted。 2.【浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】After entering the college, under the guidance of his professor, he, along with some classmates, 60 (form) a small scientific research team to design a set of wearable devices that help disabled people perform various daily activities. 【解析】考查时态。句意：进入大学后，在教授的指导下，他和一些同学组成了一个小型科研团队，设计了一套可帮助残疾人进行各种日常活动的可穿戴设备。此处在句中作谓语，句中描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填formed。 3.【浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Your brain 38 (connect) to a super advanced computer which sends it electrical signals just like the ones you get from your senses when you are experiencing real life. 【解析】考查时态。句意：你的大脑连接到一台超级先进的计算机，它向你的大脑发送电信号，就像你在体验现实生活时从你的感官得到的信号一样。此处陈述事实用一般现在时，且可理解为主动语态，谓语用三单形式；也可理解为be connected to表示“与……连接”，谓语用单数。故填is connected/connects。 4.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】One legend goes that the first kite 37 (invent) by Mozi, who spent three years making a wooden hawk (鹰). 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：有一种传说说，第一只风筝是墨子发明的，他花了三年时间制作了一只木鹰。主语kite与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文who spent three years making a wooden hawk可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was invented。 5.【浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（B卷）】 In the Song Dynasty, kite flying 41 (become) a fashion. 【解析】考查时态。句意：在宋代，放风筝成了一种时尚。根据上文In the Song Dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填became。 6.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】Novels, for the most part, 59 （look）upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：小说，在很大程度上，被认为是愚蠢的，不道德的，或者就是纯粹的坏。此处是被看作，所以需要使用被动语态；本句中描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数，所以be动词用were。故填were looked。 7.【浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末考试英语试题】 It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing 63 （attract）audiences from all walks of life. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上是对的。空格处需要填入谓语动词；此处描述的事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故填attracted。 8.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】The pair of trains running between Chongqing and Zunyi city of Guizhou Province 37 (stop) at 20 stations on the 300-kilometer journey. 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：这对往返于重庆市和贵州省遵义市之间的列车，在300公里的行程中共停靠20站。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“The pair of trains running between Chongqing and Zunyi city of Guizhou Province”，单数，和动词“stop”之间为主动关系。故填stops。 9.【广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Every time the slow train 43 (expect) to pull into the station, workers, the old, children and dogs all stand together on the platform 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：每次慢火车到站时，工人、老人、孩子和狗都会一起站在站台上。这里为从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the slow train”，单数，和动词“expect”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is expected。 10.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】It’s meant as a nod to its demanding nature and a reminder of its high standards that ensure that any performance 33 (do)the way the forefathers wanted it. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这是对其苛刻性质的认可，也是对其高标准的提醒，以确保任何表演都以祖先希望的方式进行。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语performance与do之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is done。 11.【广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Peking Opera is demanding because of the extensive list of skills it 34 (require). 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：京剧要求很高，因为它需要大量的技巧。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 12.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】The item “Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China” 36 (pass) the examination at the 17th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”项目通过联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第17届常会评审。空处作句子的谓语，结合上一句中的“was added”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填passed。 13.【广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Associated social practices, however, 44 (spread) throughout the country and shared by multiple ethnic groups. 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，相关的习俗在全国各地传播，并由多个民族群体共享。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，spread“传播”和主语practices之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are spread。 14.【广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Xu tried his hand at translation in college, when he 37 (quote) “of the people, by the people, for the people” from Abraham Lincoln to explain Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People to foreigners. 【解析】考查时态。句意：大学时，他曾尝试过翻译，在向外国人解释孙中山的三民主义时，他引用林肯的“民有、民治、民享”。根据前后文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填quoted。 15.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Among those objects, a huge bronze mask (面具) that 37 (discover) in 2021, measures 71 cm high by 131 cm wide, and dates back to around 1300-1100 BC． 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在这些物体中，在2021年，一个巨大的青铜面具被发现，量起来71厘米高131厘米宽，追溯到公元前1300-1100年左右。that引导限制性定语从句，discover作从句谓语，由时间状语in 2021可知，用一般过去时，从句主语that指代先行词a huge bronze mask, 是单数，discover与a huge bronze mask是被动关系，注意主谓一致。故填was discovered. 16.【广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题】Among those objects, a huge bronze mask (面具) that was discovered in 2021, measures 71 cm high by 131 cm wide, and 38 (date) back to around 1300-1100 BC． 【解析】考查时态。句意：在这些物体中，在2021年，一个巨大的青铜面具被发现，量起来71厘米高131厘米宽，追溯到公元前1300-1100年左右。date back to作主句谓语，无被动形式，主语a huge bronze mask是单数，描述一般事实用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故填dates。 17.【2024届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷】The specific types of incense_____65_____(choose) based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being. 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：具体类型的香是根据个人的情况选择的，旨在恢复平衡和促进健康。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。同时the specific types of incense与choose之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are chosen。 18.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】Over the past thousands of years, knots ____57____ (play) an important part in the life of Chinese. 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几千年里，结在中国人的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据上文Over the past thousands of years可知为现在完成时，主语为knots，助动词用have。故填have played。 19.【2024届南通暨苏北七市（扬泰徐淮连宿）高三第二次调研测试英语试题】The knots ____63____ (pull) tightly together and are strong enough to be used for binding or wrapping, making them very practical. 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：结紧紧地拉在一起，足够牢固，可以用来捆绑或包裹，使它们非常实用。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为knots，谓语用复数。故填are pulled。 20.【2024届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ordinary people often use wood such as pine, elm, and beech, but the quality between the woods___39___ (different) greatly. 【解析】考查动词和主谓一致。句意：一般人常用的木材有松木、榆树、山毛榉等，但这些木材的质量差别很大。本句是but引导的并列句，后句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，different的动词形式是differ，根据前文use可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语the quality为第三人称单数。故填differs。 21.【2024届浙江省台州市高三下学期二模英语试题】When I was little, dolls 64 (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls. " 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我还小的时候，娃娃被称为yangwawa, 意思是西方娃娃。call作本句谓语，和主语dolls之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据前文的was, 可知用一般过去时。故填were called。 22.【2024届浙江省湖州市、丽水市、衢州市三地市高三下学期二模英语试题】Ever since, popcorn and movies 65 (continue)to be as iconic as any duo (二重奏) out there. 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：从那以后，爆米花和电影就像任何一对搭档一样，一直是标志性的。根据ever since可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语popcorn and movies是复数，助动词用have。故填have continued。 23.【2024届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题】Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials, actually 60 _______(throw) away her GPS watch midrace to avoid distraction. 【解析】考查时态。句意：本月早些时候，参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员Sara Hall为了避免分心，竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“earlier this month”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填threw。 24.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】Since its first publication in 1596, the book____41____(receive) world-wide recognition. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自1596年首次出版以来，这本书得到了全世界的认可。receive作本句谓语，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语是the book为第三人称单数。故填has received。 25.【2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模英语试题】In 2011, the book____43____(list) on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. 【解析】考查动词语态和时态。句意：2011年，《本草纲目》被列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。list作本句谓语，和主语the book之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语In 2011，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数。故填was listed。 26.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】Here ___40___(come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it on your own? 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：问题来了：在重新思考一个负面事件时，征求朋友的意见比自己重新思考更有力吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是一般的情况，用一般现在时，句子为Here开头的倒装句，主语是the question，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 27.【2024届浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期4月二模英语试题】How you think and feel can ___43___(shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time. 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你的想法和感受可以通过从朋友的角度来塑造，无论是在当下还是随着时间的推移。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处为谓语，动词shape和主语How you think and feel是动宾关系，用被动语态结构，前面有情态动词can，be动词用原形。故填be shaped。 28.【2024届广东省广州市下学期二模英语试卷】Visiting hilltop or cliff-top pagodas, or those hidden in deep forests, ___59___ (require) great determination, physical strength and even luck, so few people get to see them in person. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：参观山顶或悬崖顶部的宝塔，或隐藏在森林深处的宝塔，需要极大的决心，体力甚至运气，很少有人能亲眼看到它们。描述事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为动名词短语Visiting hilltop or cliff-top pagodas，or those hidden in deep forests，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填requires。 29.【2024届广东省广州市下学期二模英语试卷】In 2023, their weighty 960-page book___64___ (release), entitled The l,001 Chinese Ancient Pagodas You Must See Before You Die. 【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2023年，他们出版了一本厚达960页的书，名为《有生之年一定要看的1001座中国古塔》。根据时间状语，可知用一般过去时态，release和主语book之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为名词单数book，所以be动词为was，故填was released。 30.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】What many may not know is that she spent her childhood in Guangdong and ____37____ (call) China her home since the age of six. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多人可能不知道的是，她的童年是在广东度过的，并且自六岁起就把中国当作自己的家。此处是从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since the age of six”可知，从句时态为现在完成时；主语为“she”，单数，助动词用has。故填has called。 31.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期二模考试英语试题】Her popularity ____42____ (boost) further in 2023, thanks to My Guangdong Story, a six-episode documentary series that explored the lives of foreigners in Guangdong. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：到了2023年，她的知名度进一步提升，这要归功于一部名为《我的广东故事》的六集纪录片系列，该系列深入探索了外籍人士在广东的生活。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2023”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“her popularity”，单数，和动词“boost”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，be动词使用was。故填was boosted。 32.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】A lantern installation (灯组), the "A Night of Fish and Dragon Dance," 　36． 　 (light) up Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden malls on Friday. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：周五，一个名为"一夜鱼龙舞"的灯笼组合点亮了上海豫园的商场。此处是谓语动词，讲述的是已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填 lit/lighted。 33.【2024届广东省汕头市高三下学期二模英语试题】More than just a lantern show, it also 　45． 　 (serve) as an opening activity to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 1964. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：它不仅仅是一场灯会，也是1964年中法建交60周年的开幕活动。此处是谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是it，故填 serves 。 34.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】“Pounding the leaves to make our traditional ‘oil tea’___38___ (remain) part of our daily life,” he said. 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他说：“捣碎茶叶制作传统的‘油茶’仍然是我们日常生活的一部分。”。remain(仍然)是句中谓语动词，与主语Pounding the leaves to make our traditional ‘oil tea’之间是主动关系，描述当前的状态，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单个动名词短语，视为单数，谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态，单数形式。故填remains。 35.【2024届广东省茂名市高三下学期二模考试英语试卷】 It ___41___ (observe) for thousands of years. 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种传统文化已经有几千年的历史了。observe (遵从)是句中谓语动词，与主语It之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语for thousands of years，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是单数代词，谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，单数形式。故填has been observed。 36.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】The museum ___39___ (house) an extensive collection of cultural relics, from ancient clothing to contemporary art, displaying thousands of years of Chinese civilization. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该博物馆收藏了大量文物，从古代服装到当代艺术，展示了数千年的中华文明。空处作句子的谓语。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语The museum为单数，谓语应用单数。故填houses。 37.【2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期二模英语试题】Lilian’s museum, attracting thousands of visitors annually from around the world, ___43___ (recognize) by the Icelandic government in 2021 for its impact. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Lillian的博物馆每年吸引来自世界各地的数千名游客，2021年因其影响力而获得冰岛政府的认可。空处作句子的谓语。根据句中的“in 2021”可知，这里是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语Lilian’s museum和recognize之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was recognized。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$