精品解析：四川省仁寿第一中学校（北校区）2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

22级高二下学期期末考试 英语试题 第I卷(共95分) 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 1. Where did the woman live in Paris? A. In a host family. B. In a rented flat. C. In a dormitory. 2. How will the speakers go to the library from Central Park? A. By taxi. B. On foot. C. By subway. 3. What was the weather like last Saturday afternoon? A. Cloudy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. 4. What is the woman doing? A. Driving a car. B. Going shopping. C. Drawing a map. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A teaching building. B. A historic event. C. A nice statue. 第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分 22.5分) 听第6段材料, 回答第 6、7题。 6. What will the speakers do tomorrow night? A. Go to a concert. B. Read some novels. C. Attend a birthday party. 7. Where are the speakers? A. At a library. B. At their home. C. At a clothing store. 听第7段材料, 回答第 8、9题。 8. What does Lily probably do? A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A lawyer. 9. Why is Lisa mentioned? A. She might pick up Tom. B. She is Tom’s close friend. C. She can help Lily with exercise. 听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。 10.Who is James speaking to? A. His workmate. B. His wife. C. His boss. 11Why did Mr. White want to change the marketing strategy? A. To get more customers. B. To meet the needs of kids. C. To save money for advertising. 12. What is the new deadline? A. May 5th. B. May 10th. C. May 15th. 13. How does James probably feel about the new deadline? A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Satisfied. 听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man greet the woman? A. To advertise. B. To shop. C. To rent. 15. What is the key feature of the Group Gatherer series? A. It's easy to set up. B. It's suitable for summer. C. It's designed for two people. 16. How much will be paid for a tent and four sleeping bags? A. $200. B. $400. C. $360. 17. What can we learn about the discount? A. It comes with a store's opening. B. It lasts for two weeks. C. It is a 20% discount. 听第10段材料, 回答第 18 至20题。 18. What was difficult for Emily at Tsinghua University? A. Building a new social circle. B. Learning the Chinese language.C. Comprehending local customs. 19. What help did Lisa offer to Emily? A. Introducing new friends. B. Lending money. C. Giving guidance. 20. What was Emily like in terms of job selection? A. Dependent. B. Competitive. C. Purposeful. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A The Best Bike Tours in Barcelona Street Art Tour Duration: 3 hours Your ride for the day is a beautiful handmade bamboo bicycle that will make you stand out among other cyclists! You can explore the colorful legacy (遗产) of street art and graffiti (涂鸦) in the Catalan capital, most of which can be found in the former industrial district of Poblenou. Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine Duration: 2.5 hours Fancy a glass of wine in the very bar where Picasso staged his first art exhibition and the Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca hung out with his friends? On this small-group tour, you’ll not only enjoy a wonderful bike ride around Barcelona’s Old Town but also get to stop for wine tasting at the famous Els 4Gats café restaurant, which first opened in 1897. Hidden Parks & Playas Tour Duration: 3 hours The Hidden Parks & Playas Tour is a relaxed trip through the fashionable and relaxing district in Barcelona, which is full of urban parks and enjoys a long stretch of golden beaches. It is perfect for a cool afternoon cycle. Gaudi E-Bike Tour Duration: 4 hours You can’t leave Barcelona without visiting Gaudi’s Park Guell. So why not jump on the only bike tour that takes you there? The park is packed with interesting features and the views over the city are exciting. That’s just the tip of the iceberg of this Gaudi Life & Legacy Tour that takes you to all of the architect’s greatest works, from his unfinished masterpiece, the Sagrada Família (unmissable!), to the UNESCO-listed mansions (大厦)Casa Milà and Casa Batlló. 1. What is special about the Street Art Tour? A. It has the shortest duration. B. It contains two different tour options. C. It offers wonderful natural landscapes. D. It provides handmade bicycles for riders. 2. What can you do during the Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine? A. Visit Picasso’ s art exhibition at any time. B. Tour the beautiful Spanish countryside. C. Stop at a historic restaurant for wine tasting. D. Attend the event honoring poet Federico. 3. Which tour may appeal to people crazy about impressive buildings? A. Street Art Tour. B. Gaudi E-Bike Tour. C. Hidden Parks & Playas Tour. D. Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个巴塞罗那最好的自行车之旅。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Street Art Tour部分中“Your ride for the day is a beautiful handmade bamboo bicycle that will make you stand out among other cyclists!(你当天的骑行是一辆美丽的手工竹制自行车，它将使您在其他骑自行车的人中脱颖而出！)”可知，街头艺术之旅的特别之处在于为骑行者提供手工制作的自行车。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine部分中“On this small-group tour, you’ll not only enjoy a wonderful bike ride around Barcelona’s Old Town but also get to stop for wine tasting at the famous Els 4Gats café restaurant, which first opened in 1897. (在这个小团体游中，您不仅可以在巴塞罗那老城区骑自行车，还可以在著名的Els 4Gats咖啡馆品尝葡萄酒，这家餐厅于1897年开业)”可知，在Tapas & Wine的亲密电动车之旅中，你可以在一家历史悠久的餐厅品尝葡萄酒。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Gaudi E-Bike Tour部分中“That’s just the tip of the iceberg of this Gaudi Life & Legacy Tour that takes you to all of the architect’s greatest works, from his unfinished masterpiece, the Sagrada Família (unmissable!), to the UNESCO-listed mansions (大厦)Casa Milà and Casa Batlló.(这只是高迪生活与遗产之旅的冰山一角，它将带您参观这位建筑师所有最伟大的作品，从他未完成的杰作Sagrada Família (不可错过!)到联合国教科文组织列入名录的豪宅Casa Milà和Casa Batlló)”可知，Gaudi E-Bike Tour可能会吸引那些对令人印象深刻的建筑着迷的人。故选B。 B Cai Lei used to be the vice president of a leading e-commerce company in China, but things are different now for him. Last year, he had no trouble holding a microphone to give talks on ALS (运动神经元病), a rare disease that leads to loss of muscle control. But now, within only one year, he cannot even hold a toothbrush. “After I was first diagnosed, I could still work as normal. Now, I can’t take care of myself — eating, getting dressed, or going to the toilet — I need help with all these things,” he said. Right after that, Cai went to as many experts as he could for treatment, only to hear that death was just a matter of time for patients like him. But he refused to wait for that day. “After the diagnosis, I decided to do something for ALS treatment. I started to read papers, look for scientists and form research teams. Through this process, I feel that it’s not a hopeless disease,” said Cai. So far, he has gathered about 10 researchers to specifically study the disease and is looking for more to join the team. Over the past few years, they have facilitated (促进) dozens of drug development pipelines. Cai has also established a research fund, a base for drug trials on animals, and an online platform for ALS patients to share their medical records so that his team can establish a database for scientists. Cai understands the disease better than most patients. He knows too well that growing signs of muscle atrophy (萎缩) are also a sign that his days are numbered. Despite that, he said, “Did you see the lily in my courtyard? Last night, when I checked, it had not bloomed yet. But this morning, I found it covered with many flowers!” 4. What can be known about the disease Cai suffers from? A. It gets worse very fast. B. It causes loss of all senses. C. It hasn’t stopped Cai from living normally. D. It is a common disease with many sufferers. 5. What did Cai learn from the experts in his initial treatment? A. It took too much time to recover. B. There was no cure for the disease. C. Cai had to wait for treatment patiently. D. A strong will was the key to his recovery. 6. What has Cai done in the past few years? A. He has helped send more patients to hospital. B. He has launched actions to do related research. C. He has persuaded scientists to build a database. D. He has enabled patients to consult experts online. 7. What kind of person is Cai? A. Passive but merciful. B. Suspicious but generous. C. Adventurous and modest. D. Determined and optimistic. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了前中国领先电商公司副总裁蔡雷对抗渐冻人症（ALS）的故事，包括他病情的快速恶化、面对绝症不放弃并积极投身于疾病研究、建立研究团队和基金等事迹，展现了人物的坚强与乐观。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Last year, he had no trouble holding a microphone to give talks on ALS (运动神经元病), a rare disease that leads to loss of muscle control. But now, within only one year, he cannot even hold a toothbrush. “After I was first diagnosed, I could still work as normal. Now, I can’t take care of myself — eating, getting dressed, or going to the toilet — I need help with all these things,” he said. (去年，他拿着麦克风就肌萎缩侧索硬化症发表演讲，这是一种导致肌肉失去控制的罕见疾病。但现在，不到一年的时间，他甚至不会拿牙刷。“在我第一次被确诊后，我仍然可以正常工作。现在，我不能照顾自己——吃饭、穿衣、上厕所——我需要别人帮我做所有这些事情。”)”可知，蔡雷所患的疾病在短时间内病情迅速恶化。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Right after that, Cai went to as many experts as he could for treatment, only to hear that death was just a matter of time for patients like him. But he refused to wait for that day. (在那之后，蔡先生去了尽可能多的专家那里寻求治疗，却只听到像他这样的病人死亡只是时间问题。但他拒绝等待那一天的到来。)”可知，在初期治疗时，蔡雷从专家那里了解到对于他这样的病人，这种疾病是无法治愈的。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““After the diagnosis, I decided to do something for ALS treatment. I started to read papers, look for scientists and form research teams. Through this process, I feel that it’s not a hopeless disease,” said Cai. (“确诊后，我决定为ALS治疗做点什么。我开始阅读论文，寻找科学家，组建研究团队。通过这个过程，我觉得这不是一个没有希望的疾病。”)”、第五段“So far, he has gathered about 10 researchers to specifically study the disease and is looking for more to join the team. Over the past few years, they have facilitated (促进) dozens of drug development pipelines. Cai has also established a research fund, a base for drug trials on animals, and an online platform for ALS patients to share their medical records so that his team can establish a database for scientists. (到目前为止，他已经召集了大约10名研究人员专门研究这种疾病，并正在寻找更多的人加入他的团队。在过去的几年里，他们促进了几十个药物开发管道。蔡还建立了一个研究基金，一个动物药物试验基地，以及一个ALS患者分享医疗记录的在线平台，这样他的团队就可以为科学家建立一个数据库。)”可知，在过去几年里，蔡雷发起了一系列相关研究的行动。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Right after that, Cai went to as many experts as he could for treatment, only to hear that death was just a matter of time for patients like him. But he refused to wait for that day. (在那之后，蔡先生去了尽可能多的专家那里寻求治疗，却只听到像他这样的病人死亡只是时间问题。但他拒绝等待那一天的到来。)”、第四段““After the diagnosis, I decided to do something for ALS treatment. I started to read papers, look for scientists and form research teams. Through this process, I feel that it’s not a hopeless disease,” said Cai. (“确诊后，我决定为ALS治疗做点什么。我开始阅读论文，寻找科学家，组建研究团队。通过这个过程，我觉得这不是一个没有希望的疾病。”)”可知，从蔡雷面对疾病的态度——拒绝等待那一天的到来，决定为ALS治疗做些事情，积极组建研究团队，设立研究基金等行动，以及他用院子里百合花绽放来比喻希望，可以看出他是一个既坚定又乐观的人。故选D。 C Phonetic (语音的) information — the smallest sound elements of speech, typically represented by the alphabet (字母) — is considered by many linguists (语音学家) to be the foundation of language. Infants (婴儿) are thought to learn these small sound elements and add them together to make words. But a new study suggests that phonetic information is learnt too late and slowly for this to be the case. Instead, rhythmic (节奏的) information helps babies learn language by emphasizing the boundaries of individual words and is effective even in the first few months of life. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Trinity College Dublin investigated babies’ ability to process phonetic information during their first year. The study found that phonetic information wasn’t successfully encoded (编码) until babies were seven months old, and was still rare for babies at 11 months old when they began to say their first words. A sister study has shown that rhythmic information was processed by babies at two months old — and individual differences predicted later language outcomes. Professor Giovanni Di Liberto said, “This is the first evidence we have of how brain activity relates to phonetic information changes over time in response to continuous speech.” Previously, studies have relied on comparing the responses to nonsense syllables, like “ bif ” and “ bof ” instead. “We believe that rhythmic information is the hidden glue underpinning (巩固) the development of a well-functioning language system,” said Cambridge neuroscientist, Professor Goswami. “Infants can use rhythmic information like a scaffold or skeleton to add phonetic information on to. For example, they might learn that the rhythm pattern of English words is typically strong-weak, as in ‘daddy’ or ‘mummy’, with the stress on the first syllable. They can use this rhythm pattern to guess where one word ends and another begins when listening to natural speech.” Goswami says that there is a long history in trying to explain dyslexia (阅读障碍) and developmental language disorder in terms of phonetic problems, but the evidence doesn’t add up. She believes that individual differences in children’s language originate with rhythm. 8. What is the key to babies language learning according to the new study? A. Nonsense syllables. B. Phonetic information. C. Rhythmic information. D. Parent-kid interaction. 9. What does the underlined phrase “add up” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Exist. B. Expand. C. Seem reasonable. D. Seem formal. 10. What does Giovanni Di Liberto think of the new study? A It is meaningful. B. It missed adult participants out. C. It needs further investigation. D. Its result proved the previous assumption. 11. What can be concluded from the study? A. It’s better for parents to use baby talk. B. Singing to babies may help them learn a language. C. It’s essential for babies to be exposed to phonetic information. D. Dyslexia results from poor response to continuous speech. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了婴儿学习语言的关键在于节奏信息，而非语音信息。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But a new study suggests that phonetic information is learnt too late and slowly for this to be the case. Instead, rhythmic (节奏的) information helps babies learn language by emphasizing the boundaries of individual words and is effective even in the first few months of life. (但一项新的研究表明，语音信息的学习太迟，而且速度太慢，因此情况并非如此。相反，节奏信息通过强调单词的边界帮助婴儿学习语言，甚至在生命的最初几个月就有效)”可知，新的研究认为婴儿学习语言的关键是节奏信息。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“Goswami says that there is a long history in trying to explain dyslexia (阅读障碍) and developmental language disorder in terms of phonetic problems, but the evidence (Goswami说，有很长的历史试图用语音问题来解释阅读障碍和语言发展障碍，但证据并不)”和“She believes that individual differences in children’s language originate with rhythm. (她认为，儿童语言的个体差异源于节奏)”可知，有很长的历史试图用语音问题来解释阅读障碍和语言发展障碍，但证据并不合理。故add up在此处的意思是“看起来合理”。A. Exist存在；B. Expand扩大；C. Seem reasonable看起来很合理；D. Seem formal看起来很正式。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Professor Giovanni Di Liberto said, “This is the first evidence we have of how brain activity relates to phonetic information changes over time in response to continuous speech.” (Giovanni Di Liberto教授说，“这是我们首次得到的证据，说明大脑活动如何随着时间的推移与连续语音中的语音信息变化有关。”)”可知，Giovanni Di Liberto认为这项新研究是有意义的。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Instead, rhythmic (节奏的) information helps babies learn language by emphasizing the boundaries of individual words and is effective even in the first few months of life. (相反，节奏信息通过强调单词的边界帮助婴儿学习语言，甚至在生命的最初几个月就有效)”可知，对婴儿唱歌可能有助于他们学习语言，因为唱歌中的节奏信息可以帮助他们理解和学习语言。故选B。 D Despite lacking a central brain, jellyfish (水母) learned to spot and avoid obstacles in a new study, which is the first evidence that these animals can do something called associative learning. “Maybe learning doesn’t need a very complicated nervous system,” says Jan Bielecki from Kiel University in Germany. Maybe any creature with even a simple nervous system can learn. Caribbean box jellyfish include four rhopalia (感觉棍) hanging off a jellyfish’s body. Each rhopalium has six “eyes” and has about 1,000 neurons (神经元) to process what those eyes see. To hunt food, these jellyfish must move between trees’ roots. They judge a root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water. In clear waters, nearby roots have high contrast. Only distant roots fade into the background. But in dark waters, even nearby roots can blend into their surroundings and have low contrast. So the researchers wondered if Caribbean box jellyfish could learn that low-contrast objects — which might at first seem distant — were actually close by. To find it out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条). Such stripes might appear to a jellyfish like distant roots in the clear water. Initially, the animals seemed to see the gray stripes as distant root and swam into the tank wall. But those collisions seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures knew how to avoid them. Next the researchers cut rhopalia off jellyfish and placed them in front of a screen that showed low-contrast, light gray bars. Meanwhile, the rhopalia were given a weak electrical pulse. This copied the nerve (神经) signal rhopalia would get if a jellyfish bumped into something. At first, the rhopalia ignored low-contrast bars. But receiving “bump” signals when they saw those bars made them start paying attention. Their nerves started sending out the types of signals they emit when a jellyfish moves away from something. This suggests the rhopalia alone can learn that seemingly distant, low-contrast objects are in fact close enough to avoid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean box jellyfish learning. 12. What is the focus of the research? A. The method of how jellyfish learn. B. The theory of associative learning. C. The composition of a nervous system. D. The special living habit of jellyfish. 13. How do jellyfish judge a root's distance? A. By judging its size. B. By looking at its contrast. C. By comparing its features. D. By analyzing its surroundings. 14. How did the researchers conduct their research? A. They coloured something to attract jellyfish. B. They exposed jellyfish to natural surroundings. C. They adjusted the distance between objects. D. They created jellyfish’s similar living conditions. 15. What can rhopalia be described as for jellyfish? A. A driving force. B. A learning center. C. A special inspiration. D. A source of knowledge. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了关于水母学习能力的研究，探讨了即使没有中央大脑，水母也能通过其感觉器官rhopalia学会识别和避开障碍物，这一发现提供了关联学习在简单神经系统中也可能存在的证据。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Despite lacking a central brain, jellyfish (水母) learned to spot and avoid obstacles in a new study, which is the first evidence that these animals can do something called associative learning. (尽管没有中央大脑，水母在一项新的研究中学会了发现和避开障碍物，这是第一个证明这些动物可以做一些叫做联想学习的事情的证据。)”可知，研究的重点是水母学习的方法。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“To hunt food, these jellyfish must move between trees’ roots. They judge a root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water. (为了觅食，这些水母必须在树根之间移动。他们根据树根相对于水的暗度来判断树根的距离。)”可知，水母根据树根相对于水的暗度判断根的距离。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“To find it out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条). Such stripes might appear to a jellyfish like distant roots in the clear water. Initially, the animals seemed to see the gray stripes as distant root and swam into the tank wall. But those collisions seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures knew how to avoid them. (为了找到答案，研究小组将12只水母放入一个圆形水箱中，水箱周围是低对比度的灰色和白色条纹(条)。这种条纹对水母来说可能就像清澈水中遥远的根。起初，这些动物似乎把灰色条纹视为遥远的根，并游进了水箱壁。但这些碰撞似乎让水母重新考虑了这些t条纹。很快，这些生物知道如何避开它们。)”可知，研究人员创造了类似水母的生活条件进行研究的。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Next the researchers cut rhopalia off jellyfish and placed them in front of a screen that showed low-contrast, light gray bars. Meanwhile, the rhopalia were given a weak electrical pulse. This copied the nerve (神经) signal rhopalia would get if a jellyfish bumped into something. At first, the rhopalia ignored low-contrast bars. But receiving “bump” signals when they saw those bars made them start paying attention. Their nerves started sending out the types of signals they emit when a jellyfish moves away from something. (接下来，研究人员从水母身上切下rhopalia，并将它们放在屏幕前，屏幕上显示低对比度的浅灰色条形图。与此同时，rhopalia被给予微弱的电脉冲。这复制了水母撞到什么东西时rhopalia会得到的神经信号。起初，rhopalia忽略了低对比度条。但当他们看到这些条形物时，接收到“碰撞”信号会让它们开始注意。它们的神经开始发出水母离开某物时发出的各种信号。)”可知，对于水母来说，rhopalia是一个学习中心。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5分,满分12.5分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine being able to update your wardrobe (衣橱) without spending a dollar. This seemingly too-good-to-be-true idea is entirely possible if you host a clothing swap (交换) party with friends. Here’s how to go about doing it. Send out an invitation Invite the right number of people of more than 10 and less than 20. ____16____ You can set minimum and maximum numbers of pieces guests need to bring, if you want. Be clear about what makes a piece swap-worthy, i. e. no stains, washed, ironed. ____17____ They can be women’s, children’s clothing, footwear, etc. Remind guests to bring a bag or box to carry their new finds home and to wear undergarments that facilitate changing. Set up your living room for the swap It’s more fun if the space looks like a store, so group like items with like. Fold jeans in a neat pile, clear a table and make a clothing rack (支架) using a long curtain bar. ____18____ Make snacks and cocktails I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while swapping clothing on a regular basis. ____19____ But stay away from red wine; you don’t want those stains all over your newfound treasures. Take turns shopping ____20____ Limit the number of items to three per turn to keep it fair and moving fast. Everybody goes home with the same number of items that they brought. If two friends have their eye on the same thing, have a model-off and let the group decide who wears it best. If you’re afraid of hurt feelings, flip a coin instead. A. Draw lots to pick who shops first. B. Take all the clothing you bought home. C. It is a common practice to invite guests in Britain. D Decide which categories of clothing will be swapped. E. Establish a changing room and provide full-length mirrors. F. Give guests at least two weeks to prepare clothing they want to swap. G. Whether or not your group has an established drink, a cocktail makes the experience more fun. 【答案】16 F 17. D 18. E 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了举办服装交换活动的流程。 【16题详解】 结合本段小标题“Send out an invitation(发出邀请)”可知，该项内容应属于邀请这个准备阶段做的事情，F项“给客人至少两周的时间来准备他们想要交换的衣服”符合语境，故选F。 【17题详解】 下文“They can be women’s, children’s clothing, footwear, etc.(可以是女装、童装、鞋类等)”列举了服装类别，D项“决定要交换哪种类别的服装”符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据本段小标题“Set up your living room for the swap(布置好你的客厅来交换)”可知，该段介绍服装交换场所布置事项，E项“建立更衣室并提供全身镜”属于这方面的内容，故选E。 【19题详解】 上文“I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while swapping clothing on a regular basis.(我最近读到一群不列颠哥伦比亚省的母亲，她们一边喝着Dirty Momma鸡尾酒，一边定期换衣服)”和下文“But stay away from red wine; you don’t want those stains all over your newfound treasures.(但是不要喝红酒；你不会希望这些污渍沾满你新发现的宝贝吧)”都在说饮品，G项“无论你的团队是否有既定的饮料，鸡尾酒都会让你的体验更有趣”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据本段小标题“Take turns shopping(轮流购物)”可知，该项是关于顺序问题，A项“抽签决定谁先购物”与小标题语义一致，也适合作为段首句，故选A。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ____21____ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ____22____. Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The windows were getting covered with snow, so I ____23____ and rolled down my driver’s side window, thinking I could better ____24____ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ____25____ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay____26____. I called 911. The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ____27____. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ____28____ my location online and explained what I was ____29____, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a _____30_____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more _____31_____. Then I saw a big _____32_____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, _____33_____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the _____34_____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of _____35_____. 21. A. turn B. shortcut C. look D. risk 22. A. soon B. lightly C. fast D. suddenly 23. A. shut down B. pulled up C. speeded up D. slowed down 24. A. cover B. follow C. mark D. remember 25. A. plan B. doubt C. clue D. problem 26. A. awake B. calm C. still D. warm 27. A. panic B. trouble C. embarrassment D. confusion 28. A. confirmed B. found C. checked D. posted 29. A. looking at B. searching for C. going through D. carrying out 30. A. message B. comment C. like D. tip 31. A. inspired B. convinced C. relieved D. amazed 32. A. figure B. creature C. shadow D. policeman 33. A. avoiding B. fighting C. checking D. reporting 34. A. direction B. danger C. depth D. goal 35. A. hope B. love C. pride D. gratitude 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公在遭遇暴风雪后迷路并最终获救的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我选择走捷径，因为暴风雪即将来临。 A. turn转弯；B. shortcut捷径；C. look看；D. risk风险。根据下文的“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知，主人公为了避免暴风雪的影响，应该是选择了尽快回家的方式，选择走捷径。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后开始下雪了，雪下得很快。 A. soon不久；B. lightly轻轻地；C. fast快速地；D. suddenly突然地。根据下文的“Within minutes I was in a whiteout”可知，几分钟后，就一片白茫茫，因此雪下得很快。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：车窗被雪覆盖了，所以我放慢了速度，摇下了驾驶座侧的车窗，想着我可以沿着路边走，保持直线行驶。 A. shut down关闭；B. pulled up停车；C. speeded up加速；D. slowed down减速。根据上文的“The windows were getting covered with snow”可知，考虑到需要清理视线以便观察路况，主人公应采取的安全措施是减速并打开窗户。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：车窗被雪覆盖了，所以我放慢了速度，摇下了驾驶座侧的车窗，想着我可以沿着路边走，保持直线行驶。 A. cover覆盖；B. follow跟随，沿着；C. mark标记；D. remember记住。根据下文的“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处意在表达通过打开窗户能更好地看清并沿循路边行驶。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但实际上，我对自己所处的位置没有任何线索。 A. plan计划；B. doubt怀疑；C. clue线索、迹象；D. problem问题。根据下文的“where I was”可知，主人公因暴风雪迷失方向，对自身位置没有线索。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我停下车并让车子继续运行以保持温暖的。 A. awake醒着的；B. calm平静的；C. still静止的；D. warm温暖的。根据下文的“I stopped and kept the car running to stay”可知，在寒冷的暴风雪中，保持车内温暖是非常必要的。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个电话让我陷入恐慌。 A. panic恐慌；B. trouble麻烦；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. confusion困惑。根据上文的“I called 911. The operator told me to wait things out for the night.”可知，接听完求救电话后，主人公可能感到无助和恐慌。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在线发布了我的位置，并解释了我正在经历的事情。 A. confirmed确认；B. found发现；C. checked检查；D. posted发布。根据上文的“my location online and explained what I was ____ , wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.”可知，主人公应是在网络上发布了求助信息。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。 A. looking at看；B. searching for寻找；C. going through经历；D. carrying out执行。根据上文的“I ____ my location online and explained what I was”可知，此处指主人公描述自己所“经历”的困境。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了一条消息，说会帮我联系附近的人。 A. message消息；B. comment评论；C. like点赞；D. tip提示。根据上文的“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a”可知，主人公在线发布了自己的位置，收到了能够提供帮助的消息。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未如此宽慰过。 A. inspired受到启发的；B. convinced确信的；C. relieved宽慰的、放心的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据上文的“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在危急时刻得到回应，主人公应感到宽慰。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我在黑暗中看到了一个高大的人影。 A. figure人影；B. creature生物；C. shadow阴影；D. policeman警察。根据下文的“in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，这里出现的是前来救援的人，因此主人公看到人影。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走了大约500米来接我，每一步都与风雪斗争。 A. avoiding避免；B. fighting与……斗争；C. checking检查；D. reporting报告。根据下文的“the wind and snow each step of the way”可知，在恶劣天气中行走，用fighting“与……斗争”形容与风雪抗争的情形最为贴切。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他转过身，开始在雪中艰难前行，对方向充满信心。 A. direction方向；B. danger危险；C. depth深度；D. goal目标。根据上文的“He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the”可知，此人前来救援，应是对前行的方向有把握。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他家时，我泪流满面，满心感激。 A. hope希望；B. love爱；C. pride骄傲；D. gratitude感激。根据下文的“When we reached his house, I burst into tears of ”可知，获救之后，主人公应是满怀感激。故选D。 第II卷（共55分） 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer ___36___ (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), ____37____ protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, ____38____ (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) ___39___ (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it ___40___ (believe) that a vaccine ___41___ HPV might work. ___42___ vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a ___43___ (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. ___44___ (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in ___45___ (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. 【答案】36. to develop 37. which 38. completing 39. brought 40. was believed 41. against 42. The 43. significant 44. Unfortunately 45. recognition 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了分子生物学家及病毒学家周健博士的生平事迹及其在HPV疫苗研发领域的贡献。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。who引导的定语从句的谓语为worked，此处为非谓语动词，这里使用develop“研制”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to develop。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词vaccines，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他在河南医科大学攻读博士学位，1987年毕业。本句谓语为studied，此处为非谓语动词，compelte与主语He是主动关系，这里使用complete“完成”的现在分词completing，作状语。故填completing。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：周博士对人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的兴趣使他于1990年来到澳大利亚，加入昆士兰大学伊恩·弗雷泽教授的免疫学和癌症研究中心。此处描述的是过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用bring“带……到某处”的过去式。故填brought。 【40题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，与believe“相信”之间是被动关系，且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was believed。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。介词against表示“对抗”，这里指疫苗能抵抗HPV。故填against。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：疫苗需要一个能刺激对病毒免疫反应的颗粒，但又不引起感染。这里特指研发中的疫苗，故使用定冠词The，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是周博士与弗雷泽教授合作的一个重要重点，1990年，周博士与他的妻子合作，成功地创造了一种病毒样颗粒，这种颗粒现在是“Gardasil”和“Cervarix”疫苗的基础。此处需用形容词significant“重要的”，修饰名词focus，作前置定语。故填significant。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，周博士于1999年去世，享年42岁。这里需要用副词unfortunately“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填a。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，澳大利亚健康与医学科学院很高兴设立奖项以表彰周博士。本空用名词recognition，in recognition of为固定搭配，意为“为了表彰”。故填recognition。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会的李华，你的外教Jim老师打算在学校举行一次英文诗歌创作大赛，他希望你能写一份公开信号召各位同学踊跃参加，内容包括： 1. 举行英文诗歌大赛目的 2. 参加比赛的好处 3. 期待大家的踊跃参与 注意: 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear my fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 【答案】Dear fellow students, Our English teacher, Jim, is organizing an exciting poetry contest at school. It’s an opportunity to express ourselves through poems and showcase our creativity. Participating in this contest will help us improve our English language skills and gain recognition for our talents. It will also bring us closer together as a community through our love for literature. Whether you’re an experienced poet or just starting out, I encourage all of you to join. Let’s unleash our imaginations, pour our hearts into our poems, and create something beautiful. Let’s make this contest a success and witness the magic of poetry. Best regards! Student Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的外教Jim老师打算在学校举行一次英文诗歌创作大赛，他希望你能写一份公开信号召各位同学踊跃参加，由此要求考生写一封倡议信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 比赛：contest→competition 组织： organize→conduct 参与：participate in→take part in 提高： improve→enhance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our English teacher, Jim, is organizing an exciting poetry contest at school.  拓展句：Our English teacher, Jim, is organizing an exciting poetry contest at school, which is greatly meaningful for everyone. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Participating in this contest will help us improve our English language skills and gain recognition for our talents. （运用了动名词作主语） 【高分句型2】Whether you’re an experienced poet or just starting out, I encourage all of you to join.（运用了whether...or引导的让步状语从句） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day, some young people from a local rehabilitation (康复) center visited a wildlife park. Tippi, a guide, stood before a cheetah (猎豹). “Her name is Subira. She’s a three-year-old cheetah,” she tole the audience. All the visitors sitting in the chairs were amazed by the cheetah’s beauty, except a teenage boy, Cory. He pulled a long face and made noises, showing his boredom. Tippi continued, “The cheetah is the fastest animal on earth.” “Aren’t you, honey?” She asked in a cheerful tone, looking at the cheetah lying atop a tree. Giving Subira a dirty look, Cory replied, “Oh, just a skinny cat. Next! Bring out the stupid tigers or whatever so we can get this over with!” However, the cheetah gently looked at Cory and make a happy sound. “I think she likes you,” Tippi told Cory. “I don’t care,” the boy just replied. What had happened to Cory? Why was he so angry? The boy had dreamed of someday playing Major League Baseball and having many fans. He knew he had a promising future. That was before the car accident. In it, he lost his leg and also lost his hope, joy and spirit. He felt useless and hopeless. Now he sat in a wheelchair, angry at the world. He was here today on another “boring field trip” from the rehabilitation program. Suddenly, the creature jumped down. Seeming to show her skills, she immediately ran fast forward. “Oh, she’s so beautiful,” the crowd said. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “She only has three legs!” someone suddenly said, surprised. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At last, Cory smiled, with his eyes shining with hope and confidence in his professional future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 “She only has three legs!” someone suddenly said, surprised. The other young people looked on in silence, also surprised, but no one was more surprised than Cory. Looking at this amazing animal running at full speed, with his face breaking into a smile, Cory had admiration and asked how she could run that fast with three legs. Tippi replied, “Subira was born disabled, and no one thought she could run. But she loves running and has kept practicing ...” The boy silently listened with interest as Tippi continued telling Subira’s inspiring life story. At last, Cory smiled, with his eyes shining with hope and confidence in his professional future. After that tour, Copy practiced playing baseball, sitting in his wheelchair. But it proved challenging. However, every time Cory wanted to give up, the image of that three-legged cheetah running rapidly hit his mind and encouraged him. So he kept on and his skills improved over time. Eventually, Cory joined the national baseball league for the disabled and inspired many unfortunate people. And he was so proud and grateful to Subira who encouraged him to reach his goals. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一些来自当地康复中心的年轻人参观了野生动物园。导游蒂皮是一名向导向人们介绍动物的情况，而男孩科里的表现让人不解。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘她只有三条腿!’有人突然惊讶地说。”可知，第一段可描写年轻人的惊讶，包括科里在内，紧接着导游向人们介绍这个生物的情况。 ②由第二段首句内容“最后，科里笑了，他的眼睛里闪烁着对自己职业前途的希望和信心。”可知，第二段可描写科里受到三条腿猎豹的鼓舞，开始坐在轮椅上练习打棒球，最后，科里加入了国家残疾人棒球联盟，激励了许多不幸的人。 2.续写线索：残疾猎豹——惊讶——受到鼓舞——坐轮椅打棒球——棒球联盟——激励他人 3.词汇激活 行为类 （1）鼓舞：encourage/inspire （2）证明：prove /turn out （3）实现：reach /realize 情绪类 （1）感到惊讶：surprised /amazed （2）感激的：grateful /thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Looking at this amazing animal running at full speed, with his face breaking into a smile, Cory had admiration and asked how she could run that fast with three legs.（运用了现在分词作状语和how引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2]. And he was so proud and grateful to Subira who encouraged him to reach his goals.（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句） [高分句型3]. After that tour, Copy practiced playing baseball, sitting in his wheelchair.（现在分词作伴随状语） 1-5 BBCAC 6-10 CBCAA 11-15 ACABA 16-20 CABCC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 22级高二下学期期末考试 英语试题 第I卷(共95分) 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 1. Where did the woman live in Paris? A. In a host family. B. In a rented flat. C. In a dormitory. 2. How will the speakers go to the library from Central Park? A. By taxi. B. On foot. C. By subway. 3. What was the weather like last Saturday afternoon? A. Cloudy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. 4. What is the woman doing? A. Driving a car. B. Going shopping. C. Drawing a map. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A teaching building. B. A historic event. C. A nice statue. 第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分 22.5分) 听第6段材料, 回答第 6、7题。 6. What will the speakers do tomorrow night? A. Go to a concert. B. Read some novels. C. Attend a birthday party. 7. Where are the speakers? A. At a library. B. At their home. C. At a clothing store. 听第7段材料, 回答第 8、9题。 8. What does Lily probably do? A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A lawyer. 9. Why is Lisa mentioned? A. She might pick up Tom. B. She is Tom’s close friend. C. She can help Lily with exercise. 听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。 10.Who is James speaking to? A. His workmate. B. His wife. C. His boss. 11.Why did Mr. White want to change the marketing strategy? A. To get more customers. B. To meet the needs of kids. C. To save money for advertising. 12. What is the new deadline? A. May 5th. B. May 10th. C. May 15th. 13. How does James probably feel about the new deadline? A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Satisfied. 听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man greet the woman? A. To advertise. B. To shop. C. To rent. 15. What is the key feature of the Group Gatherer series? A. It's easy to set up. B. It's suitable for summer. C. It's designed for two people. 16. How much will be paid for a tent and four sleeping bags? A. $200. B. $400. C. $360. 17. What can we learn about the discount? A. It comes with a store's opening. B. It lasts for two weeks. C. It is a 20% discount. 听第10段材料, 回答第 18 至20题。 18. What was difficult for Emily at Tsinghua University? A. Building a new social circle. B. Learning the Chinese language.C. Comprehending local customs. 19 What help did Lisa offer to Emily? A. Introducing new friends. B. Lending money. C. Giving guidance. 20. What was Emily like in terms of job selection? A. Dependent. B. Competitive. C. Purposeful. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A The Best Bike Tours in Barcelona Street Art Tour Duration: 3 hours Your ride for the day is a beautiful handmade bamboo bicycle that will make you stand out among other cyclists! You can explore the colorful legacy (遗产) of street art and graffiti (涂鸦) in the Catalan capital, most of which can be found in the former industrial district of Poblenou. Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine Duration: 2.5 hours Fancy a glass of wine in the very bar where Picasso staged his first art exhibition and the Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca hung out with his friends? On this small-group tour, you’ll not only enjoy a wonderful bike ride around Barcelona’s Old Town but also get to stop for wine tasting at the famous Els 4Gats café restaurant, which first opened in 1897. Hidden Parks & Playas Tour Duration: 3 hours The Hidden Parks & Playas Tour is a relaxed trip through the fashionable and relaxing district in Barcelona, which is full of urban parks and enjoys a long stretch of golden beaches. It is perfect for a cool afternoon cycle. Gaudi E-Bike Tour Duration: 4 hours You can’t leave Barcelona without visiting Gaudi’s Park Guell. So why not jump on the only bike tour that takes you there? The park is packed with interesting features and the views over the city are exciting. That’s just the tip of the iceberg of this Gaudi Life & Legacy Tour that takes you to all of the architect’s greatest works, from his unfinished masterpiece, the Sagrada Família (unmissable!), to the UNESCO-listed mansions (大厦)Casa Milà and Casa Batlló. 1. What is special about the Street Art Tour? A. It has the shortest duration. B. It contains two different tour options. C. It offers wonderful natural landscapes. D. It provides handmade bicycles for riders. 2. What can you do during the Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine? A. Visit Picasso’ s art exhibition at any time. B. Tour the beautiful Spanish countryside. C. Stop at a historic restaurant for wine tasting. D. Attend the event honoring poet Federico. 3. Which tour may appeal to people crazy about impressive buildings? A. Street Art Tour. B. Gaudi E-Bike Tour. C. Hidden Parks & Playas Tour. D. Intimate E-Bike Tour with Tapas & Wine. B Cai Lei used to be the vice president of a leading e-commerce company in China, but things are different now for him. Last year, he had no trouble holding a microphone to give talks on ALS (运动神经元病), a rare disease that leads to loss of muscle control. But now, within only one year, he cannot even hold a toothbrush. “After I was first diagnosed, I could still work as normal. Now, I can’t take care of myself — eating, getting dressed, or going to the toilet — I need help with all these things,” he said. Right after that, Cai went to as many experts as he could for treatment, only to hear that death was just a matter of time for patients like him. But he refused to wait for that day. “After the diagnosis, I decided to do something for ALS treatment. I started to read papers, look for scientists and form research teams. Through this process, I feel that it’s not a hopeless disease,” said Cai. So far, he has gathered about 10 researchers to specifically study the disease and is looking for more to join the team. Over the past few years, they have facilitated (促进) dozens of drug development pipelines. Cai has also established a research fund, a base for drug trials on animals, and an online platform for ALS patients to share their medical records so that his team can establish a database for scientists. Cai understands the disease better than most patients. He knows too well that growing signs of muscle atrophy (萎缩) are also a sign that his days are numbered. Despite that, he said, “Did you see the lily in my courtyard? Last night, when I checked, it had not bloomed yet. But this morning, I found it covered with many flowers!” 4. What can be known about the disease Cai suffers from? A. It gets worse very fast. B. It causes loss of all senses. C. It hasn’t stopped Cai from living normally. D. It is a common disease with many sufferers. 5. What did Cai learn from the experts in his initial treatment? A. It took too much time to recover. B. There was no cure for the disease. C. Cai had to wait for treatment patiently. D. A strong will was the key to his recovery. 6 What has Cai done in the past few years? A. He has helped send more patients to hospital. B. He has launched actions to do related research. C. He has persuaded scientists to build a database. D. He has enabled patients to consult experts online. 7. What kind of person is Cai? A. Passive but merciful. B. Suspicious but generous. C. Adventurous and modest. D. Determined and optimistic. C Phonetic (语音的) information — the smallest sound elements of speech, typically represented by the alphabet (字母) — is considered by many linguists (语音学家) to be the foundation of language. Infants (婴儿) are thought to learn these small sound elements and add them together to make words. But a new study suggests that phonetic information is learnt too late and slowly for this to be the case. Instead, rhythmic (节奏的) information helps babies learn language by emphasizing the boundaries of individual words and is effective even in the first few months of life. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Trinity College Dublin investigated babies’ ability to process phonetic information during their first year. The study found that phonetic information wasn’t successfully encoded (编码) until babies were seven months old, and was still rare for babies at 11 months old when they began to say their first words. A sister study has shown that rhythmic information was processed by babies at two months old — and individual differences predicted later language outcomes. Professor Giovanni Di Liberto said, “This is the first evidence we have of how brain activity relates to phonetic information changes over time in response to continuous speech.” Previously, studies have relied on comparing the responses to nonsense syllables, like “ bif ” and “ bof ” instead. “We believe that rhythmic information is the hidden glue underpinning (巩固) the development of a well-functioning language system,” said Cambridge neuroscientist, Professor Goswami. “Infants can use rhythmic information like a scaffold or skeleton to add phonetic information on to. For example, they might learn that the rhythm pattern of English words is typically strong-weak, as in ‘daddy’ or ‘mummy’, with the stress on the first syllable. They can use this rhythm pattern to guess where one word ends and another begins when listening to natural speech.” Goswami says that there is a long history in trying to explain dyslexia (阅读障碍) and developmental language disorder in terms of phonetic problems, but the evidence doesn’t add up. She believes that individual differences in children’s language originate with rhythm. 8. What is the key to babies language learning according to the new study? A. Nonsense syllables. B. Phonetic information. C. Rhythmic information. D. Parent-kid interaction. 9. What does the underlined phrase “add up” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Exist. B. Expand. C. Seem reasonable. D. Seem formal. 10. What does Giovanni Di Liberto think of the new study? A. It is meaningful. B. It missed adult participants out. C. It needs further investigation. D. Its result proved the previous assumption. 11. What can be concluded from the study? A. It’s better for parents to use baby talk. B. Singing to babies may help them learn a language. C. It’s essential for babies to be exposed to phonetic information. D. Dyslexia results from poor response to continuous speech. D Despite lacking a central brain, jellyfish (水母) learned to spot and avoid obstacles in a new study, which is the first evidence that these animals can do something called associative learning. “Maybe learning doesn’t need a very complicated nervous system,” says Jan Bielecki from Kiel University in Germany. Maybe any creature with even a simple nervous system can learn. Caribbean box jellyfish include four rhopalia (感觉棍) hanging off a jellyfish’s body. Each rhopalium has six “eyes” and has about 1,000 neurons (神经元) to process what those eyes see. To hunt food, these jellyfish must move between trees’ roots. They judge a root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water. In clear waters, nearby roots have high contrast. Only distant roots fade into the background. But in dark waters, even nearby roots can blend into their surroundings and have low contrast. So the researchers wondered if Caribbean box jellyfish could learn that low-contrast objects — which might at first seem distant — were actually close by. To find it out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条). Such stripes might appear to a jellyfish like distant roots in the clear water. Initially, the animals seemed to see the gray stripes as distant root and swam into the tank wall. But those collisions seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures knew how to avoid them. Next the researchers cut rhopalia off jellyfish and placed them in front of a screen that showed low-contrast, light gray bars. Meanwhile, the rhopalia were given a weak electrical pulse. This copied the nerve (神经) signal rhopalia would get if a jellyfish bumped into something. At first, the rhopalia ignored low-contrast bars. But receiving “bump” signals when they saw those bars made them start paying attention. Their nerves started sending out the types of signals they emit when a jellyfish moves away from something. This suggests the rhopalia alone can learn that seemingly distant, low-contrast objects are in fact close enough to avoid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean box jellyfish learning. 12. What is the focus of the research? A. The method of how jellyfish learn. B. The theory of associative learning. C. The composition of a nervous system. D. The special living habit of jellyfish. 13. How do jellyfish judge a root's distance? A. By judging its size. B. By looking at its contrast. C. By comparing its features. D. By analyzing its surroundings. 14. How did the researchers conduct their research? A. They coloured something to attract jellyfish. B. They exposed jellyfish to natural surroundings. C. They adjusted the distance between objects. D. They created jellyfish’s similar living conditions. 15. What can rhopalia be described as for jellyfish? A. A driving force. B. A learning center. C. A special inspiration. D. A source of knowledge. 第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5分,满分12.5分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine being able to update your wardrobe (衣橱) without spending a dollar. This seemingly too-good-to-be-true idea is entirely possible if you host a clothing swap (交换) party with friends. Here’s how to go about doing it. Send out an invitation Invite the right number of people of more than 10 and less than 20. ____16____ You can set minimum and maximum numbers of pieces guests need to bring, if you want. Be clear about what makes a piece swap-worthy, i. e. no stains, washed, ironed. ____17____ They can be women’s, children’s clothing, footwear, etc. Remind guests to bring a bag or box to carry their new finds home and to wear undergarments that facilitate changing. Set up your living room for the swap It’s more fun if the space looks like a store, so group like items with like. Fold jeans in a neat pile, clear a table and make a clothing rack (支架) using a long curtain bar. ____18____ Make snacks and cocktails I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while swapping clothing on a regular basis ____19____ But stay away from red wine; you don’t want those stains all over your newfound treasures. Take turns shopping ____20____ Limit the number of items to three per turn to keep it fair and moving fast. Everybody goes home with the same number of items that they brought. If two friends have their eye on the same thing, have a model-off and let the group decide who wears it best. If you’re afraid of hurt feelings, flip a coin instead. A. Draw lots to pick who shops first. B. Take all the clothing you bought home. C. It is a common practice to invite guests in Britain. D. Decide which categories of clothing will be swapped. E. Establish a changing room and provide full-length mirrors. F. Give guests at least two weeks to prepare clothing they want to swap. G. Whether or not your group has an established drink, a cocktail makes the experience more fun. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ____21____ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ____22____. Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The windows were getting covered with snow so I ____23____ and rolled down my driver’s side window, thinking I could better ____24____ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ____25____ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay____26____. I called 911. The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ____27____. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ____28____ my location online and explained what I was ____29____, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a _____30_____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more _____31_____. Then I saw a big _____32_____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, _____33_____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the _____34_____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of _____35_____. 21. A. turn B. shortcut C. look D. risk 22. A. soon B. lightly C. fast D. suddenly 23. A. shut down B. pulled up C. speeded up D. slowed down 24. A. cover B. follow C. mark D. remember 25. A. plan B. doubt C. clue D. problem 26. A. awake B. calm C. still D. warm 27. A. panic B. trouble C. embarrassment D. confusion 28. A. confirmed B. found C. checked D. posted 29. A. looking at B. searching for C. going through D. carrying out 30. A. message B. comment C. like D. tip 31. A. inspired B. convinced C. relieved D. amazed 32. A. figure B. creature C. shadow D. policeman 33. A. avoiding B. fighting C. checking D. reporting 34. A. direction B. danger C. depth D. goal 35. A. hope B. love C. pride D. gratitude 第II卷（共55分） 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer ___36___ (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), ____37____ protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, ____38____ (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) ___39___ (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it ___40___ (believe) that a vaccine ___41___ HPV might work. ___42___ vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a ___43___ (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. ___44___ (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in ___45___ (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会的李华，你的外教Jim老师打算在学校举行一次英文诗歌创作大赛，他希望你能写一份公开信号召各位同学踊跃参加，内容包括： 1. 举行英文诗歌大赛的目的 2. 参加比赛好处 3. 期待大家的踊跃参与 注意: 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear my fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day, some young people from a local rehabilitation (康复) center visited a wildlife park. Tippi, a guide, stood before a cheetah (猎豹). “Her name is Subira. She’s a three-year-old cheetah,” she tole the audience. All the visitors sitting in the chairs were amazed by the cheetah’s beauty, except a teenage boy, Cory. He pulled a long face and made noises, showing his boredom. Tippi continued, “The cheetah is the fastest animal on earth.” “Aren’t you, honey?” She asked in a cheerful tone, looking at the cheetah lying atop a tree. Giving Subira a dirty look, Cory replied, “Oh, just a skinny cat. Next! Bring out the stupid tigers or whatever so we can get this over with!” However, the cheetah gently looked at Cory and make a happy sound. “I think she likes you,” Tippi told Cory. “I don’t care,” the boy just replied. What had happened to Cory? Why was he so angry? The boy had dreamed of someday playing Major League Baseball and having many fans. He knew he had a promising future. That was before the car accident. In it, he lost his leg and also lost his hope, joy and spirit. He felt useless and hopeless. Now he sat in a wheelchair, angry at the world. He was here today on another “boring field trip” from the rehabilitation program. Suddenly, the creature jumped down. Seeming to show her skills, she immediately ran fast forward. “Oh, she’s so beautiful,” the crowd said. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “She only has three legs!” someone suddenly said, surprised. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At last, Cory smiled, with his eyes shining with hope and confidence in his professional future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 BBCAC 6-10 CBCAA 11-15 ACABA 16-20 CABCC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $