专题03 动词和动词短语, 动词的时态，语态和主谓一致-【好题汇编】五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)

专题03 动词和动词短语、动词的时态,语态和主谓一致 五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用) 第一部分 动词和动词短语 考点 考情 考查特定语境下动词和动词短语词义辨析 2020江苏卷—classify; 2020江苏卷—allow for; 命题趋向和技巧点拨 考查特定语境下动词和动词短语词义辨析，学会借助于词义、搭配、逻辑进行辨析。 五年真题 1.(2020江苏卷)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to ________ garbage in a short time. A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify 答案：D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。 2.(2020江苏卷)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ a new generation of virtual reality. A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。 第二部分：动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 考点 五年考情分布 考点1：动词的时态 2024浙江1月卷—have started 2022浙江1月卷—has promised 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2021浙江卷—sold 2023新课标II卷—wished 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2020新课标—formed; 考点2 动词的语态 2024新课标II卷—was built 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted; 2020新课标—are called。 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated; 考点3 主谓一致 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2021新课标II卷—was 2021新课标I卷--was 一. 命题趋向 高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查(常在语法填空)。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。1.考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示，尤其要掌握一般过去时，现在完成时的时间状语标志。2.考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示，如It is the first time that…等。3.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。4.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。5.考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 二. 技巧点拨 1. 掌握独特的时间状语标志 (1)题干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。 (2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等，用一般过去时。 (3)题干中如用tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。 (4)题干中如用now，at present等，用现在进行时。 (5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six o’clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。 (6)题干中如用at this time tomorrow，from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。 (7)题干中如用since，so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。 2. 熟记固定句型中的时态 (1)be doing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。 (2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。 (3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。 3. 分清主动被动，辨析语态 看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。 4.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。 5.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。 6.注意结合时态和语态。 一. 考查动词时态。 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 4.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 5.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 6.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 7.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 8.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 二. 动词语态 9.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 10.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP ________(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 答案：is designed 解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 11.(2022浙江卷)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________(appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 答案：be appreciated 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 12.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 13.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 14.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 答案：are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 考点三. 语法一致 15.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 16.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 17.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案：were 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 18.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 19.(2021新课标I卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 动词和动词短语、动词的时态,语态和主谓一致 五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用) 第一部分 动词和动词短语 考点 考情 考查特定语境下动词和动词短语词义辨析 2020江苏卷—classify; 2020江苏卷—allow for; 命题趋向和技巧点拨 考查特定语境下动词和动词短语词义辨析，学会借助于词义、搭配、逻辑进行辨析。 五年真题 1.(2020江苏卷)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to ________ garbage in a short time. A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify 2.(2020江苏卷)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ a new generation of virtual reality. A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for 第二部分 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 考点 五年考情分布 考点1：动词的时态 2024浙江1月卷—have started 2022浙江1月卷—has promised 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2021浙江卷—sold 2023新课标II卷—wished 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2020新课标—formed; 考点2 动词的语态 2024新课标II卷—was built 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted; 2020新课标—are called。 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated; 考点3 主谓一致 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2021新课标II卷—was 2021新课标I卷--was 一. 命题趋向 高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查(常在语法填空)。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。1.考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示，尤其要掌握一般过去时，现在完成时的时间状语标志。2.考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示，如It is the first time that…等。3.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。4.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。5.考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 二. 技巧点拨 1. 掌握独特的时间状语标志 (1)题干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。 (2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等，用一般过去时。 (3)题干中如用tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。 (4)题干中如用now，at present等，用现在进行时。 (5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six o’clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。 (6)题干中如用at this time tomorrow，from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。 (7)题干中如用since，so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。 2. 熟记固定句型中的时态 (1)be doing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。 (2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。 (3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。 3. 分清主动被动，辨析语态 看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。 4.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。 5.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。 6.注意结合时态和语态。 一. 考查动词时态。 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 3.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 4.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 5.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 6.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 7.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 8.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 二. 动词语态 9.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 10.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP ________(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 11.(2022浙江卷)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________(appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 12.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 13.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 14.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 考点三. 语法一致 15.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 16.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 17.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 18.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 19.(2021新课标I卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$