2024年重庆中考英语完成句子专题复习之变否定句

完成句子专题复习 一、变否定句 （一）解题思维 1.含有be动词：be动词后直接加not (1) I am writing a book these days. (2) He is going to take part in a fashion show. (3) My parents as well as I are good at playing basketball. (4) It was cold yesterday. (5) The books were here ten minutes ago. 这五个例句的否定句分别是： (1) I am not writing a book these days. (am not一般不缩写) (2) He is not going to take part in a fashion show. (is not缩写为isn’t) (3) My parents as well as I are not good at playing basketball. (are not缩写为aren’t) (4) It was not cold yesterday. (was not缩写为wasn’t) (5) The books were not here ten minutes ago. (were not缩写为weren’t) 2.含有情态动词：情态动词后直接加not (1) You can come to the party. →You cannot come to the party. (can not一般要缩写成cannot) (2) She should study for her exam. →She should not study for her exam. (should not可以缩写为shouldn’t) (3) He will be at the meeting. →He will not be at the meeting. (will not可以缩写为won’t) (4) They might join us for dinner. →They might not join us for dinner. (might not通常不缩写) (5) We must finish the project by tomorrow. →We must not finish the project by tomorrow. (must not可以缩写为mustn’t) 3.含有助动词：助动词后直接加not 助动词是英语语法中用于构成时态、语态、疑问、否定以及加强语气的一类辅助性动词。它们不能单独作为动词使用，总是与其他动词一起构成谓语。 主要的助动词包括以下几个：(1) be (am, is, are, was, were)：用于构成进行时态和被动语态。(2) have (has, had)：用于构成完成时态。(3) do (does, did)：用于构成疑问句、否定句，或为了强调。(4) will (would)：用于构成将来时态。(5) shall (should)：传统上用于构成将来时态，现在通常被will取代；should还用于表示义务、建议或期望。(6) can (could)：表示能力或许可。may (might)：表示允许或许可。must：表示必须或强烈的推断。(7) used to：表示过去经常做某事。 可见助动词主要分为be动词类（不翻译为“是”，仅表示时态和语态）、情态动词类、have/has类（不翻译为“有”，仅构成完成时态）和used to（表示过去常常做某事）。前两种变化参考1、2两点；have/has也是直接加not在后面；但是used to do的否定句常常是： She used to play the piano. →She didn’t use to play the piano. 注意：usedn’t to do不是很常用（知道有这么回事即可）。 此外，助动词do也可以出现在肯定句中，表示强调意义，如： They do often play soccer after school. →They don’t often play soccer after school. 注意：do本身也可以是实义动词“做”，如： He does his homework every night. →He doesn’t do his homework every night. 【doesn’t为助动词表示否定意义，且与主语he保持人称一致，而do为实义动词，意为“做”】 （二）常见错误类型 1.缩写错误 be动词的否定的缩写在后面加n’t即可，一般不会错，但要注意am not一般不缩写；情态动词的否定的缩写也大多是加n’t，但要注意can的否定非缩写形为cannot，缩写为can’t；will not缩写为won’t；shall not缩写为shan’t。 如： I will come back home tomorrow. 否定句：I will not come back home tomorrow. = I won’t come back home tomorrow. 2.混淆do/does/did的实义动词用法与助动词用法，如： He did his homework yesterday. 否定句：He didn’t do his homework yesterday. [正确] He didn’t his homework yesterday. [错误!] 3.忽略不规则变化的动词，如： (1) He spent ten hours on his new work. 否定句：He didn’t spend ten hours on his new work. [正确] He doesn’t spent ten hours on his new work. [错误!时态错误，且spent未还原为spend]。 He doesn’t spend ten hours on his new work. [错误!虽然句子没有语法错误，但与原句的时态（一般过去 时不符合）。] （2）This dress cost her 1,000 dollars. 否定句：This dress didn’t cost her 1,000 dollars. [正确] This dress doesn’t cost her 1,000 dollars. [错误!虽然句子没有语法错误，但与原句的时态（一般过去 时不符合）。] 对比：This dress costs her 1,000 dollars. 否定句：This dress doesn’t cost her 1,000 dollars. [正确] 特别提醒：动词原形与过去式相同的不规则动词有：beat, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, spit, spread等。 4.否定转移 否定转移通常发生在表示感知、认知、信念、愿望、推测、假设、意图、请求或建议等意义的动词前面。当这些动词用于报告或转述一个包含否定意义的句子时，否定词可以从从句转移到主句的动词前面。以下是一些常见的触发否定转移的动词：think, believe, suppose, expect, figure, guess, imagine, seem, appear, feel, look, say, know, understand, figure out, realize, hope, wish, want, plan。 例子： I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。 She doesn’t believe they will come. 她不相信他们会来。 He didn’t expect we would agree. 他没有预料到我们会同意。 在这些例子中，否定词（如don’t, doesn’t, didn’t）原本可以放在从句中的主动词（is, will, would）前，但为了强调说话者的态度，否定词被转移到了表达认知或感知的主句动词（think, believe, expect）前。这种转移并不改变句子的整体意义，但影响了语气和侧重点。 5.助动词后实义动词还原错误 （1）未还原。如： He did his homework just now. →He didn’t do his homework just now. [正确] →He didn’t did his homework just now. [错误] （2）还原错误。如： ①He knew how to fly kites. →He didn’t know how to fly kites. [正确] →He didn’t knaw how to fly kites. [错误] ②He studies in my school. →He doesn’t study in my school. [正确] →He doesn’t studie in my school. [错误] 特别需要牢记动词的过去式、三单形式的变化规则。 6.情态动词must的用法混淆 （1）must表示肯定的推测，意为“肯定，一定”，其否定形式为can’t。如： You must be happy when you hear the news. →You can’t be happy when you hear the news. （2）must表示命令或要求，意为“必须”，其否定形式为mustn’t (must not)。如： You must do your homework at school. →You mustn’t do your homework at school. 7.句尾too与either用法错误 句尾too用于肯定句，意为“也”；either用于否定句，意为“也不”。如： He is interested in listening to music, too. 否定句：He isn’t interested in listening to music, either. 8.some与any用法错误 （1）some以及something等some-开头的不定代词，通常用于肯定句中，有时也用于表示征询意见的问句中（并非疑问句），如： ① I have some interesting books. ② I want something to eat. ③ Would you like something to eat? （2）any以及anything等any-开头的不定代词，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，如： ① I don’t have any food to eat. ② Is there anything wrong? 在变否定句时，请千万记得some变any，如： There is something interesting in my room. 否定句：There isn’t anything interesting in my room. 9.had better do的否定错误 You had better wear your coat today. 否定句：You had better not wear your coat today. [正确] 10.动词不定式to do的否定错误 动词不定式“to do”的否定通常通过在“to”之前添加“not”来实现。这种结构广泛用于表达否定的意图、命令或目的。这种否定形式通常出现在句子中的不同位置，如在及物动词、形容词或名词之后。 例句： （1）用于及物动词后： I decided not to go to the party. 我决定不去参加聚会。 在这个例子中，“not to go”作为整体是“decided”的宾语。 He told me not to touch it. 他告诉我不要去碰它。 （2）用于形容词后： She seemed not to notice the problem. 她似乎没有注意到这个问题。 这里，“not to notice”作为整体是“seemed”的补语。 （3）用于名词后： His advice was not to invest in that company. 他的建议是不投资那家公司。 在这个例子中，“not to invest”作为整体是名词“advice”的补足语。 11.祈使句的否定错误 Go to see a doctor right now. 否定句：Don’t go to see a doctor right now. （三）及时练习 A.基础难度 1. I will come back home tomorrow. 否定句：I ________ ________ back home tomorrow. 2. He did his homework yesterday. 否定句：He ________ ________ his homework yesterday. 3. He spent ten hours on his new work. 否定句：He ________ ________ ten hours on his new work. 4. This dress cost her 1,000 dollars. 否定句：This dress ________ ________ her 1,000 dollars. 5. I think he is right. 否定句：I ________ ________ he is right. 6. She believes they will come. 否定句：She ________ ________ they will come. 7. He expected we would agree. 否定句：He ________ ________ we would agree. 8. He knew how to fly kites. 否定句：He ________ ________ how to fly kites. 9. He studies in my school. 否定句：He ________ ________ in my school. 10. You must be happy when you hear the news. 否定句：You ________ ________ happy when you hear the news. 11. You must do your homework at school. 否定句：You ________ ________ your homework at school. 12. He is interested in listening to music, too. 否定句：He ________ interested in listening to music, ________. 13. I have some interesting books. 否定句：I ________ have ________ interesting books. 14. There is something interesting in my room. 否定句：There ________ ________ interesting in my room. 15. You’d better wear your coat today. 否定句：You ________ better ________ wear your coat today. 16. I decided to go to the party. 否定句：I decided ________ ________ go to the party. 17. Go to see a doctor right now. 否定句：________ ________ to see a doctor right now. B. 提升难度 1. He was listening to music at that time yesterday. 否定句：He __________ __________ to music at that time yesterday. 2. Thomas hit the ball over the wall. 否定句：Thomas __________ __________ the ball over the wall. 3. We are going to have a school trip after the exam. 否定句：We __________ __________ going to have a school trip after the exam. 4. Alice does the shopping on Sundays. 否定句：Alice __________ __________ the shopping on Sundays. 5. The old man does morning exercise every day. 否定句：The old man __________ __________ morning exercise every day. 6. Jane went shopping with her friends last Sunday. 否定句：Jane __________ __________ shopping with her friends last Sunday. 7. She will go climbing with me next week. 否定句：She __________ __________ go climbing with me next week. 8. Bob sends emails to his friends every weekend. 否定句：Bob __________ __________ emails to his friends every weekend. 9. Peter will climb mountains this weekend. 否定句：Peter __________ __________ mountains this weekend. 10. We ate something delicious at the restaurant. 否定句：We __________ eat __________ delicious at the restaurant. 11. He hurt himself in the accident. 否定句：He __________ __________ himself in the accident. 12. There was something new in yesterday’s newspaper. 否定句：There __________ __________ new in yesterday's newspaper. 13. Your sister sent a message to me on the mobile phone. 否定句：Your sister __________ __________ a message to me on the mobile phone. 14. Jack cared for nobody. 否定句：Jack __________ care for __________. 15. Our teacher put off the class meeting. 否定句：Our teacher __________ __________ off the class meeting. 16. There used to be some lovely pigs at my grandma’s home. 否定句：There __________ use to be __________ lovely pigs at my grandma’s home. 17. John read a story to his sister last night. 否定句：John __________ __________ a story to his sister last night. 18. Arrive late for class, Linda. 否定句：__________ __________ late for class, Linda. 19. Susan did her homework carefully every day. 否定句：Susan __________ __________ her homework carefully every day. 20. She will have some children in the future. 否定句：She __________ have __________ children in the future. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$