精品解析：北京市第四十四中学2023-2024学年高三下学期开学练习英语试题

北京市第四十四中学2023—2024学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语试卷 2024. 2 试卷满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 第一部分：完形填空(共15分) I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some ____1____ station. The ____2____ moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus. Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband ____3____ it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny missing. She left before I could ____4____ make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith. Without ____5____, I called to thank her. She said she ____6____ my wallet on a bus seat. She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a ____7____ move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me.” she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my small____8____ but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I ____9____ tend to act. Looking back , I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely ____10____. 1. A. accessible B. unknown C. familiar D. convenient 2. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. heart-stopping D. eye-catching 3. A. ignored B. interrupted C. examined D. answered 4. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 5. A. delay B. question C. regret D. invitation 6. A. threw B. placed C. opened D. spotted 7. A. selfless B. risky C. delightful D. personal 8. A. crisis B. danger C. encounter D. failure 9. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 10. A. longing B. grateful C. concerned D. enthusiastic 第二部分：语法填空(共三节，15分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Gainsborough was an 18th-century English painter. One of his works, _____11_____ (title) A Portrait of a Young Gentleman, was shown at the National Gallery in London from January to March 2022. Painted in approximately 1770, the painting was nicknamed The Blue Boy because it shows a young boy _____12_____ (wear) a striking blue outfit. _____13_____ the major newspapers at the time said is that the painting was “the world’s most beautiful picture”. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.____14____ (dark) would make him more appreciatively of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. I who am blind can give one hint to those ____15____ see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can ____16____ (apply) to the other senses. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. The process of globalization is very controversial. Many people say globalization will help people communicate. Aid agencies can respond more quickly _____17_____ a natural disaster. Advanced medicines are more easily and _____18_____ (wide) available to people who may not have been able to afford them. Globalization _____19_____ (increase) the number of students studying abroad over the past few years. _____20_____ some people worry that Western culture will destroy local cultures around the world. What they fear is that everyone will end up eating hamburgers and pizza. 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A The Summer Science Program is an independent nonprofit, the only summer program operated, governed, and largely funded by its former participants and teachers, which is proof of its impact on young people for more than six decades. Many participants call it “the educational experience of a lifetime.” What can SSP offer? SSP offers teens an exciting and inspiring immersion into hands-on experimental science. Working in teams of three, 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages. In 2024 we will operate six programs: •three in Astrophysics: research in near-earth asteroid orbit determination at New Mexico State Univ., Univ. of Colorado Boulder, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. •two in Biochemistry: research in fungal crop pathogens at Purdue Univ. and Indiana Univ. •one in Genomics: research in evolution of antibiotic resistance, at Indiana Univ. Is SSP for you? SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program. Key Dates for 2024 Programs Thursday, December 14, 2023 Applications open. We can remind you. Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. Friday, March 1, 2024 Deadline for U. S. citizens and green card holders attending school in the U. S. Mid-March, 2024 International admission decisions released Mid-April, 2024 U. S. admission decisions released 2024 Programs will run mid June-end of July 21. In the 39-day program, participants will ______. A. create hands-on science projects for teens B. support a living and learning community C. collect and study data to carry out a project D. become part of a global alumni association 22. Which is a requirement for the applicants? A. Attending a U. S. school. B. Funding the program. C. Holding a green card. D. Finishing pre-requisites. 23. An overseas student had better submit the application before ______. A. February B. March C. April D. December B Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old. Mr. Durietz became interested in history after hearing stories from his father. He made up his mind about becoming a social studies teacher when he was just 11 years old, mainly because of his love of history. Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee, Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. Things have changed a lot since he began all those years ago. When he started he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards. Though technology has changed a lot, in Mr. Durietz’s eyes, the students are still pretty much the same-except that now they have cell phones. And with or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. To help his students learn about politics, he has even organized mock (模拟的) elections at school, which his students enjoyed most. For much of his 53 years as a teacher, Mr. Durietz has been in charge of the social studies program at Woodland. In that time, he has helped to guide over 20 other social studies teachers at the school. To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him. Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. He has no plans to retire any time soon. He hopes to break his own record. He also hopes to set another record as the teacher who’s worked the longest at the same school. “Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says. 24. Mr. Durietz received an award from Guinness for ______. A. being the oldest teacher in Illinois B. being the best social studies teacher C. having the longest years of teaching D. working 53 years at the same school 25. What has made Mr. Durietz most proud of his work? A. Sharing his knowledge of history. B. Students enjoying the mock elections. C. Guiding over 20 other teachers at Woodland. D. Students following his example to be teachers. 26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Mr. Durietz? A. Passionate. B. Generous. C. Ambitious. D. Confident. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. One is never too old to learn. B. Be famous as young as possible. C. You have got to like what you do. D. When work is a pleasure, life is joy. C Few would question that arts in its massive forms and media, are like a mirror that reflects the social, cultural, economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era. However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically. Without doubt, arts are important for the progress of society. They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create, experience and enjoy art together, which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performanccs. Beyond material wants and needs, human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts. Meanwhile, strong citizens’ participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation. Moreover, arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values. As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection, arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis, and call upon society to seek the common good. It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society. More often than not a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich-poor divide. It’s not hard to see that in a highly competitive world, it is essential for governments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries. However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country’s development, the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges. While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked. 28. What’s the first paragraph mainly about? A. The forms of arts. B. The functions of arts. C. The definition of arts. D. The development of arts. 29. How do arts influence human rights and values? A. By reflecting humans’ views. B. By pointing out the common good. C. By giving people a sense of fulfilment. D. By forming the moral standard of society. 30. Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To praise Albert Einstein’s achievements. B. To call on humans to remember our history. C. To stress the importance of arts in creativity. D. To show the necessity of knowledge and skills. 31. What will the author probably agree with? A. Arts serve as the major influence in values. B. Arts play a part in the progress of a country. C. Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds. D. Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor. D A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science. These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more detail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people. Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions. Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdalae just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep. Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic techniques. Compelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep. Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep. The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known. Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdalae are active during REM sleep. Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research. B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures. C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep. D. An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people. 33. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______. A. the entire brain B. REM sleep and cataplexy C. drugs affecting dopamine levels D. people suffering from sleep disorders 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals. B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice. C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people. D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) With offices slowly re-opening, we may soon be expected to go back to interviewing in the old-fashioned way—in person. During an interview, your main job is to sell yourself as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that? One thing you should do is think about your body language. ___35___ ● Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy. ___36___ You should avoid that. Instead, conduct a proper one to make both the interviewers and you comfortable. ● Watch your posture(姿势)and maintain eye contact. ___37___ Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of confidence like a slouch (懒散的人). And remember that although it may feel uncomfortable at times, eye contact is also key—especially while the other person is talking. ● ___38___ If you keep putting your hands on or near your face, it can send the message that you’re not comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing, put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to smile—a smile not only conveys warmth, receptivity and positivity, it also helps reduce stress. ● Listen actively and try using the mirroring technique. Active listening is a key part of any interview. ___39___ Mirroring or copying someone’s body language is also a powerful way to convey connection. Face your interviewers directly, sit in the same position and try to match the pace and volume of their talk. A. Don’t gesture but smile. B. But there is such a thing as too firm. C. And here are some common red flags to avoid D. Keep your hands away from your face and smile. E. This may seem obvious but it bears repeating: Sit up straight. F. By doing so, you indicate to the interviewers that they have your full attention. G. Here are a few ways to use body language to your advantage in your job interview. 第四部分：阅读与表达(共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns. “I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D. Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.” For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents. Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation. 40. What happens after children regulate their emotion? _________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph? _________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. 43. Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________________ 第五部分：写作(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括： 1. 活动目的及形式; 2. 个人收获及后续计划。 注意：1 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第四十四中学2023—2024学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语试卷 2024. 2 试卷满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 第一部分：完形填空(共15分) I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some ____1____ station. The ____2____ moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus. Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband ____3____ it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny missing. She left before I could ____4____ make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith. Without ____5____, I called to thank her. She said she ____6____ my wallet on a bus seat. She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a ____7____ move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me.” she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my small____8____ but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I ____9____ tend to act. Looking back , I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely ____10____. 1. A. accessible B. unknown C. familiar D. convenient 2. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. heart-stopping D. eye-catching 3. A. ignored B. interrupted C. examined D. answered 4. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 5. A. delay B. question C. regret D. invitation 6. A. threw B. placed C. opened D. spotted 7. A. selfless B. risky C. delightful D. personal 8. A. crisis B. danger C. encounter D. failure 9. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 10. A. longing B. grateful C. concerned D. enthusiastic 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇记叙文。作者在乘坐公交车时不小心丢失了钱包，没想到一位女士亲自上门将捡到的钱包还给了他；与此同时，其他认识但不熟悉的朋友在得知这个事情后也试图帮助他，作者不禁有着深深的感激之情。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽车上了，车子正在黑暗中加速驶向某个未知的车站。A. accessible 可到达的、可进入的；B. unknown 未知的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. convenient 方便的。根据本句句意可知，作者把钱包落在公交车上了，而公交车现在还在行驶中，作者不知道车子下一站会在哪里停，所以是未知的车站。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个令人心悸的时刻之后，我心里很快就开始了算计。A. face-saving 保全面子的；B. brain-washing 洗脑的；C. heart-stopping 令人心悸的；D. eye-catching 夺人眼球的。根据第一段“when fear seized me”可知，作者发现钱包丢了时是很害怕的，所以这个时刻是令人害怕的、令人心悸的。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打电话时，我丈夫开了门。A. ignored 忽视；B. interrupted 打断、打扰；C. examined 测验、检查；D. answered 回答；answer the door 去开门。根据上一句“I heard a knock on the door”可知有人敲门，而本句的“it”指“door”，所以这里是我丈夫去开门。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还没来得及走到门口道谢，她就离开了。A. still 仍然；B. ever 曾经；C. yet 还、仍然；D. even 甚至。根据上一句“with not a penny missing”可知，钱包里的钱分文未少，而作者还没来得及道谢她就走了，这里应该是一种递进关系，进一步表现了这位女士做好事不图名利，用even（甚至）符合语境。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻打电话向她道谢。A. delay 延迟；without delay 立即、毫不耽搁；B. question 问题；without question 毫无疑问；C. regret 遗憾、后悔；D. invitation 邀请。根据前文“She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.”可看出作者未能道谢，心中是有遗憾的，所以在知道了这位女士是谁后，立即就打电话致谢。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在一辆公交车的椅子上发现了我的钱包。A. threw 扔；B. placed 放置；C. opened 打开；D. spotted 发现。根据前文“ I could only have left it on the G9 bus,”可知，作者应该是把钱包落在了公交车上，所以这名女士应该是在公交车上发现了钱包后上门来交给了他。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她盘算着去一个陌生人的家里是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险一试。A. selfless 无私的；B. risky 冒险的；C. delightful 令人愉快的；D. personal 个人的。根据句中“take the chance”（冒险）可知，作者认为去一个陌生人的家中是有风险的。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应。A. crisis 危机；B. danger 危险；C. encounter 偶遇；D. failure 失败。根据第二段“How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.”可知，丢了钱包会对作者造成很多困难，引起许多不便，对她而言是一次小的危机。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我理解人们比以往任何时候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是这样的。A. encounter 偶遇、邂逅；B. follow 跟随；C. consult 咨询、请教；D. accompany 陪伴。根据前文的“This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis.”和上一句“I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help”可知，这些愿意帮助别人的人很多都是作者偶然遇到的陌生人或是没有说过几句话的朋友，所以这里用encounter符合语境。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin做了几乎任何人都不会做的事，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到了我家，为此，我极其感激。A. longing 渴望的；B. grateful 感激的、感谢的；C. concerned 关心的；D. enthusiastic 热情的。根据第四段“ I called to thank her. ”并结合本句句意可知，作者对Erin的善行是非常感激的。故选B。 第二部分：语法填空(共三节，15分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Gainsborough was an 18th-century English painter. One of his works _____11_____ (title) A Portrait of a Young Gentleman, was shown at the National Gallery in London from January to March 2022. Painted in approximately 1770, the painting was nicknamed The Blue Boy because it shows a young boy _____12_____ (wear) a striking blue outfit. _____13_____ the major newspapers at the time said is that the painting was “the world’s most beautiful picture”. 【答案】11. titled 12. wearing 13. What 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。托马斯·庚斯伯勒是18世纪的英国画家。他的一幅名为《一位年轻绅士的肖像》的作品终于在100年后回到了英国。当时的主要报纸都说这幅画是“世界上最美的画”。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的作品之一，名为《一位年轻绅士的肖像》的作品，于2022年1月至3月在伦敦国家美术馆展出。本句主语为“One of his works”，谓语为“was shown”，空处填非谓语动词，所给词“title”在此处是动词，意为“给……加标题”One of his works与title在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语表被动。故填titled。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这幅画大约创作于1770年，因为画中是一个穿着醒目的蓝色衣服的小男孩，所以被称为“蓝色男孩”。空格所在句子主语为“it”，“shows”作谓语，“a young boy”为宾语，空处所给动词作定语修饰宾语“a young boy”，a young boy与wear在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语表主动。故填wearing。 【13题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：当时的主要报纸都说这幅画是“世界上最美的画”。“__3___the major newspapers at the time said”是主语从句，is后面是that引导的表语从句。空处填连接词，引导主语从句，作said的宾语。故填What。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.____14____ (dark) would make him more appreciatively of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. I who am blind can give one hint to those ____15____ see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can ____16____ (apply) to the other senses. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful. 【答案】14. Darkness 15. who 16. be applied 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇自传体散文。作者以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应热爱生活，珍惜生命。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：黑暗可以使他更加珍惜光明。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填Darkness。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我这个看不见的人可以给能看见的人一个提示。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为those。故填who。 【16题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：同样的方法也适用于其他感官。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语为被动关系，设空处前为can，设空处应用be done的形式。故填be applied。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. The process of globalization is very controversial. Many people say globalization will help people communicate. Aid agencies can respond more quickly _____17_____ a natural disaster. Advanced medicines are more easily and _____18_____ (wide) available to people who may not have been able to afford them. Globalization _____19_____ (increase) the number of students studying abroad over the past few years. _____20_____ some people worry that Western culture will destroy local cultures around the world. What they fear is that everyone will end up eating hamburgers and pizza. 【答案】17. to 18. widely 19. has increased 20. But 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了全球化的利弊，认为全球化有助于人们沟通，但也有人担忧其会导致西方文化摧毁世界各地的本土文化。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：援助机构可以更快地对自然灾害做出反应。respond to是固定搭配，意为“对……做出反应”，to是介词。故填to。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：先进的药物更容易、更广泛地提供给那些可能买不起的人。提示词修形容词available，用副词widely作状语，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 【19题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：过去几年，全球化增加了出国留学生的数量。increase(增加)是句中谓语动词，与主语Globalization(全球化)之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语over the past few years，描述从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，单数形式。故填has increased。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：但是一些人担心西方文化会摧毁世界各地的本土文化。根据句意，前文“Many people say globalization will help people communicate.”和下文“some people worry that Western culture will destroy local cultures around the world.”是转折关系，用连词but连接；句首单词首字母大写。故填But。 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A The Summer Science Program is an independent nonprofit, the only summer program operated, governed, and largely funded by its former participants and teachers, which is proof of its impact on young people for more than six decades. Many participants call it “the educational experience of a lifetime.” What can SSP offer? SSP offers teens an exciting and inspiring immersion into hands-on experimental science. Working in teams of three, 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages. In 2024 we will operate six programs: •three in Astrophysics: research in near-earth asteroid orbit determination at New Mexico State Univ., Univ. of Colorado Boulder, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. •two in Biochemistry: research in fungal crop pathogens at Purdue Univ. and Indiana Univ. •one in Genomics: research in evolution of antibiotic resistance, at Indiana Univ. Is SSP for you? SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program. Key Dates for 2024 Programs Thursday, December 14, 2023 Applications open. We can remind you. Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U. S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. Friday, March 1, 2024 Deadline for U. S. citizens and green card holders attending school in the U. S. Mid-March, 2024 International admission decisions released Mid-April, 2024 U. S. admission decisions released 2024 Programs will run mid June-end of July 21. In the 39-day program, participants will ______. A. create hands-on science projects for teens B. support a living and learning community C. collect and study data to carry out a project D. become part of a global alumni association 22. Which is a requirement for the applicants? A. Attending a U. S. school. B. Funding the program. C. Holding a green card. D. Finishing pre-requisites. 23. An overseas student had better submit the application before ______. A. February B. March C. April D. December 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个夏季科学项目的情况，包括申请要求和截止日期等信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Working in teams of three, 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages.(在39天的时间里，36名参与者和7名教师组成了一个支持性的“生活和学习社区”。每个小组完成一个真实的研究项目，收集和分析原始数据。之后，他们加入了一个由2500多名各年龄段的校友组成的全球网络)”以及“In 2024 we will operate six programs(到2024年，我们将运行六个项目)”可知，在为期39天的项目中，参与者将收集和研究数据以开展一个项目。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Is SSP for you?部分中“SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program.( SSP面向当前高中三年级学生（以及一些真正特殊的二年级学生）开放，他们在夏季之前完成了先决条件，并且在项目期间至少15岁，但还不到19岁)”可知，对申请人的要求是完成先决条件。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U. S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. (2024年2月2日星期五国际申请者截止日期。美国公民和在美国境外上学的美国公民)”可知，海外学生最好在二月前提交申请。故选A。 B Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old. Mr. Durietz became interested in history after hearing stories from his father. He made up his mind about becoming a social studies teacher when he was just 11 years old, mainly because of his love of history. Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee, Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. Things have changed a lot since he began all those years ago. When he started he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards. Though technology has changed a lot, in Mr. Durietz’s eyes, the students are still pretty much the same-except that now they have cell phones. And with or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. To help his students learn about politics, he has even organized mock (模拟的) elections at school, which his students enjoyed most. For much of his 53 years as a teacher, Mr. Durietz has been in charge of the social studies program at Woodland. In that time, he has helped to guide over 20 other social studies teachers at the school. To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him. Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. He has no plans to retire any time soon. He hopes to break his own record. He also hopes to set another record as the teacher who’s worked the longest at the same school. “Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says. 24. Mr. Durietz received an award from Guinness for ______. A. being the oldest teacher in Illinois B. being the best social studies teacher C. having the longest years of teaching D. working 53 years at the same school 25. What has made Mr. Durietz most proud of his work? A. Sharing his knowledge of history. B. Students enjoying the mock elections. C. Guiding over 20 other teachers at Woodland. D. Students following his example to be teachers. 26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Mr. Durietz? A. Passionate. B. Generous. C. Ambitious. D. Confident. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. One is never too old to learn. B. Be famous as young as possible. C. You have got to like what you do. D. When work is a pleasure, life is joy. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过描述社会学教师Paul Durietz的教育生涯、他的教学方法以及对教育的热情来展示他的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old. (9月1日，他创造了世界上最长的教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录。他从23岁开始教书53年。)”可知，Mr. Durietz因最长的教学年限获得了吉尼斯奖，故选C项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段中“To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him. (令他极度自豪的是，他甚至有学生回来告诉他，他们因为他而成为历史老师。)”可知，Mr. Durietz最自豪的是学生以他为榜样成为老师。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. (对他来说，教学从不无聊，因为每一天都不一样。他喜欢与学生分享他的历史知识。)”可知，Mr. Durietz是一个有充满热情的人，故选A项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第八段中“Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. (杜里茨并不是真的想创造纪录。他只是在做他喜欢的事情。)”以及““Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says. (“继续努力做你喜欢做的事情，”他总是说。)”可知，当工作是一种乐趣时，生活就是快乐的，故选D项。 C Few would question that arts, in its massive forms and media, are like a mirror that reflects the social, cultural, economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era. However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically. Without doubt, arts are important for the progress of society. They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create, experience and enjoy art together, which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performanccs. Beyond material wants and needs, human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts. Meanwhile, strong citizens’ participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation. Moreover, arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values. As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection, arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis, and call upon society to seek the common good. It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society. More often than not, a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich-poor divide. It’s not hard to see that in a highly competitive world, it is essential for governments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries. However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country’s development, the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges. While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked. 28. What’s the first paragraph mainly about? A. The forms of arts. B The functions of arts. C. The definition of arts. D. The development of arts. 29. How do arts influence human rights and values? A. By reflecting humans’ views. B. By pointing out the common good. C. By giving people a sense of fulfilment. D. By forming the moral standard of society. 30. Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To praise Albert Einstein’s achievements. B. To call on humans to remember our history. C. To stress the importance of arts in creativity. D. To show the necessity of knowledge and skills. 31. What will the author probably agree with? A. Arts serve as the major influence in values. B. Arts play a part in the progress of a country. C. Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds. D. Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor. 【答案】28 B 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了艺术在国家经济社会发展中的重要作用。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically. (然而，艺术不仅仅阐释了人类的境况，它在促进国家文化和经济发展方面也是非常重要的)”可知，此处总结上句说明了艺术能够阐释人类的境况，还引出艺术另一个重要的作用，就是促进经济文化发展。由此可知，第一段主要谈论了艺术的功能和作用。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society. (很明显，表达了人类价值观和情感的艺术，构成了提升人类尊严的深刻途径，形成了社会伦理和道德生活的屏障)”可知，艺术形成了社会道德生活的准则，以此来影响人权和价值观。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第三四句“However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. (然而，艺术可以很好地补充经济政策，因为艺术鼓励个人去发挥自己的创造力。正如爱因斯坦所说，想象力比知识更重要) ”可推知，引用爱因斯坦的话是为了说明艺术的重要性，因为它可以激发创造力。故选C项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked. (尽管艺术的重要性因为不同国家的经济，社会政治问题而有所不同，但是艺术对一个国家发展进步的重要性不应该被忽视)”可推知，作者认为艺术在国家发展中有重要作用。故选B项。 D A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science. These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more detail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people. Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions. Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdalae just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep. Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic techniques. Compelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep. Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep. The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known. Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdalae are active during REM sleep. Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research. B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures. C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep. D. An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people. 33. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______. A. the entire brain B. REM sleep and cataplexy C. drugs affecting dopamine levels D. people suffering from sleep disorders 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals. B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice. C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people. D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一片说明文。主要解释了多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器，并研究表明这可能有助于理解和治疗人类的睡眠障碍。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people. (更多地了解这些转变，最终可以指出治疗人们睡眠障碍的方法。)”可知，了解这种转变的细节可能最终会为治疗人类的睡眠障碍提供方法，即患有睡眠障碍的人可以从这项研究中受益。故选A项。 【33题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough. (改变人体多巴胺水平的药物似乎对快速眼动睡眠和猝倒没有太大影响。但这些药物会影响整个大脑，而且它们可能只是选择性不够。)”可知，they指代的是影响多巴胺水平的药物，故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science. (多巴胺的快速增加使小鼠进入梦幻般的睡眠阶段。研究人员在3月4日的《科学》杂志上报告说，在小鼠的大脑中，化学信使会触发快速眼动睡眠（REM）。)”及第二段“These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. (这些新结果是最早显示转变触发因素的。)”可知，文章的主要目的是解释多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器因素，故选B项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) With offices slowly re-opening, we may soon be expected to go back to interviewing in the old-fashioned way—in person. During an interview, your main job is to sell yourself as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that? One thing you should do is think about your body language. ___35___ ● Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy. ___36___ You should avoid that. Instead, conduct a proper one to make both the interviewers and you comfortable. ● Watch your posture(姿势)and maintain eye contact. ___37___ Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of confidence like a slouch (懒散的人). And remember that although it may feel uncomfortable at times, eye contact is also key—especially while the other person is talking. ● ___38___ If you keep putting your hands on or near your face, it can send the message that you’re not comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing, put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to smile—a smile not only conveys warmth, receptivity and positivity, it also helps reduce stress. ● Listen actively and try using the mirroring technique. Active listening is a key part of any interview. ___39___ Mirroring or copying someone’s body language is also a powerful way to convey connection. Face your interviewers directly, sit in the same position and try to match the pace and volume of their talk. A. Don’t gesture but smile. B. But there is such a thing as too firm. C. And here are some common red flags to avoid D. Keep your hands away from your face and smile. E. This may seem obvious but it bears repeating: Sit up straight. F. By doing so, you indicate to the interviewers that they have your full attention. G. Here are a few ways to use body language to your advantage in your job interview. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. E 38. D 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个有助于面试的肢体语言。 【35题详解】 根据空前“During an interview, your main job is to sell yourself as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that? One thing you should do is think about your body language.( 在面试中，你的主要工作是把自己推销成一个自信而有能力的人。但你怎么能做到呢?你应该做的一件事是考虑你的肢体语言)”及下文每段的主题句可知，空处承上启下，引出下文有关面试时肢体语言的一些建议。G项“下面是一些在面试中使用肢体语言的方法”符合语境。故选G。 【36题详解】 根据空前“Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy.(握手时要用力，但不要太用力。我们都听说过握手要有力，因为太软会让你显得软弱或害羞。)”及空后“You should avoid that.(你应该避免那些)”可知，空处应是在握手时需要避免的事情，承接上文，不要太用力的握手，因此推断B项“但是也有人握手握得太紧”符合语境。故选B。 【37题详解】 根据段落主题“Watch your posture(姿势)and maintain eye contact.( 注意你的姿势，保持眼神交流)”可知，此处讲述有关坐姿和眼神的情况，空后“Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of confidence like a slouch (懒散的人).( 没有什么比无精打采更能传达出不感兴趣和缺乏自信的了)”可知，不要显得无精打采，要坐直。因此推断E项“有一点似乎是显而易见的, 但依然需要重复，那就是‘坐直’”符合语境，说明坐姿要避免显得无精打采。故选E。 【38题详解】 空处为段落主题句。根据空后的内容, 尤其是“If you keep putting your hands on or near your face, it can send the message that you’re not comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing, put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to smile—a smile not only conveys warmth, receptivity and positivity, it also helps reduce stress.( 如果你一直把手放在脸上或靠近脸，这可能会传递出你对自己所说的话感到不舒服的信息。当你不做手势的时候，把你的手放在膝盖上。别忘了微笑——微笑不仅传达了温暖、接受和积极，还有助于减轻压力)”可知, 此处讲述手的位置，以及保持微笑的重要性。因此推断D项“手离脸远点并保持微笑”为最佳标题。故选D。 【39题详解】 根据空前“Active listening is a key part of any interview.(积极倾听是任何面试的关键部分) ”可知，积极倾听是重要的， F项“你的这种做法是在向面试官表明你的全部注意力都在他们身上”符合语境，说明积极倾听表明你得注意力集中在面试官身上，承上启下，so指代上文的Active listening。故选F。 第四部分：阅读与表达(共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns. “I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D. Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.” For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents. Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation. 40. What happens after children regulate their emotion? _________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph? _________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. 43. Besides changing thinking patterns do you have other way(s) to control your emotions? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. A greater sense of internal control arises. 41. To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. The author mentions the example of Sara to show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. 42. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. 43. Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief.(请根据学生答题情况酌情给分) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. (在孩子们学会使用一些基本的技巧来调节他们的情绪之后，一种更大的内在控制感就会产生。)”可知，孩子们调节情绪后一种更大的内在控制感就会产生，故填A greater sense of internal control arises. 【41题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第三段的“For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.(例如，14岁的“莎拉”对父母限制她使用社交媒体感到愤怒。在讨论父母这样做的原因时，萨拉意识到他们是在试图保护她免受过度使用社交媒体的一些不良影响。萨拉不生气了。她不再去想父母的限制给她带来的挫败感，而是把注意力集中在如何解决自己过度使用社交媒体的困境上。她能够认识到她的父母是她宝贵的朋友，而不是她的对手。)”可知，莎拉通过改变自己思考问题的方式和角度使自己消除了消极情绪，因此作者在第三段中提到了Sarah的例子是为了表明当我们改变思维时，我们可以更容易地创造新的、更健康的思维模式。故填To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.(人们经常向自己和他人解释，他们的坏心情与不幸的环境有关。在持有这种信念的同时，人们有时会从这样的想法中得到安慰：既然他们无法改变自己的环境，就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受。)”可知，人们有时会认为既然他们无法改变自己的环境，这样想的话就会得到安慰，因此就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受，则所给句子中的“so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood (所以他们会试图改变他们的情况，以便有一个好心情)”这个描述是错误的，故填People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. 【43题详解】 开放试题，言之有理即可。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是情绪调节和思维模式的关系。它强调了人们的思维如何影响情绪，并提出通过改变思维模式可以更好地控制情绪，并找到解决问题的新途径。文章通过一个案例展示了这一点，告诉读者改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。此外，也可以通过运动的方式来调节情绪，锻炼是控制情绪的另一个好方法。它可以在大脑中释放出天然的好化学物质，帮助我缓解紧张情绪，减少悲伤情绪。此外，锻炼可以分散我对负面想法和情绪的注意力，让我暂时逃离并找到解脱，故填Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief. 第五部分：写作(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括： 1. 活动目的及形式; 2. 个人收获及后续计划。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How are you doing? I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School. The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to develop the habit of reading and to enhance our critical thinking abilities. The activities include book sharing sessions, reading contests, book reviews, and discussions on various topics related to literature. Personally, I find this activity very meaningful and inspiring. I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading. After the activity, I plan to continue to read widely and to share my insights with my classmates. I would love to hear your thoughts on this. Looking forward to your reply. Best regards, Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim介绍学校组织的主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 活动：activity→event 鼓励：encourage→inspire 提高：enhance→improve 各种各样的：various→a variety of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School. 拓展句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” which was organized by my school, Red Star High School. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.(运用了过去分词作后置定语） 【高分句型2】I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$