精品解析：福建省福建师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

福建师大附中2023-2024学年下学期期末考试 高二英语试卷 时间：120分钟 满分：150分 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） 第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. Where does the conversation take place? A. At the man’s home. B. In a restaurant. C. In an office. 2 What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Contact the company. B. Cancel the order. C. Wait for several days. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A valuable gift. B. Life experiences. C. Jane’s close friend. 4. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Disappointed. 5. Why does Julie talk to Dr. Brian? A. To ask for leave. B. To hand in her paper. C. To get some advice. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man care most about running shoes? A. The brand. B. The color. C. The quality. 7. What color shoes may the man take? A. Orange. B. Blue. C. White. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. What is the man looking tor? A. Car keys. B. A ticket. C. A bus schedule. 9. When did the man have a car accident? A. Yesterday morning. B. Last week. C. Last month. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a program. C. Conducting an interview. 11. What was Miles’ mother’s attitude toward his plan? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. 12. What does the non-profit organization do? A. Donate money from sales. B. Clean up plastics in the ocean. C. Call on kids to clean waterways. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why is Eric mentioned in the conversation? A. He has an extra ticket. B. He won’t watch the game. C. He will play in the Big Game. 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Brother and sister. 15. When will the speakers meet? A. At 1:30 p. m. B. At 1:00 p. m. C. At 12:30 p. m. 16. How will the speakers go to the stadium? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By subway. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How should the first notebook be used? A. Record the difficult questions. B. Make notes as much as possible. C Copy key points for the next lecture. 18. What does the speaker say about sleep? A. Sleep in on weekends. B. Take a 40-minute nap daily. C. Maintain a regular sleep schedule. 19. Which is the speaker’s third piece of advice? A. Learning with music. B. Staying away from video games. C. Participating in more school activities. 20. What is the point of doing a part-time job according to the research? A. Pay for school fees. B. Gain work experience. C. Enhance time management ability. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 1. What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A. Making them look more beautiful. B. Spotting potential dangers. C. Helping them identify the direction. D. Protecting them from being attacked. 2. How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A. They attacked immediately. B. They turned away in seconds. C. They reacted cautiously. D. They became very excited. 3. What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A. The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B. The experiment needs further proof. C. The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D. Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 4. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B. To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C. To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D. To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. B Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade. Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. 5. What does the AI jailbreak refer to? A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C. The capability of AI models improving themselves. D. The process of AI models learning new information. 6. What can we know about the persona modulation? A. It can help AI models understand emotions. B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas. 7. What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs? A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative. 8. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach C As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out, public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices. The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect, requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus. By representing these values in a discrepant way — using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods — businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food, according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University. In their study, Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups. In the first group, calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together. In the second group, the size became larger as the calorie count fell. Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness. Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option. Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food. This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study. “Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.” 9. What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2mean? A. Creative. B. Relative C. Conflicting D. Misleading 10. Which of the following type of customers would be affected most from the research? A. Strict diet followers. B. Convenience food fans. C. Homema de meal lovers. D. Health magazine readers. 11. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The significance of research results. B. The measurement of response delays. C. The psychological basis of the study design. D. The influential variations of the Stroop effect. 12. Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants? A. Use font magic to drive healthier choices. B. Pay more attention to the taste of the food. C. Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers. D. Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading books can exercise your brain. Kids who started reading at an earlier age go on to perform better on certain intelligence tests. As one gets older, it might help slow down or even stop cognitive (认知的) decline. ____13____ Many Americans don’t read frequently. It’s time to change this trend to give your brain gray matter a good workout. ____14____ When you have some leisure time — you’re waiting for a friend, sleeping lightly on the way from or to work, or doing a task that doesn’t require your full attention—you can open your text instead of playing your favorite smartphone game. ____15____ While paper is still the clear winner in the court of public opinion, science hasn’t proven that physical books are better than digital ones. Academic research has mostly focused on the ability to remember. A study took place in a laboratory setting: students all read the same text, but some looked at the words on paper and others viewed an on-screen PDF file. It turned out that no meaningful difference between the two media existed. As for audiobooks, they affected the brain gray matter somewhat differently. ____16____ Ultimately, if you hope to get a reading habit going, you shouldn’t dismiss (摒弃) paper, electronic, or audio books. ____17____ Don’t be afraid to change things depending on the occasion. A. Audiobooks (有声书) still affect your thoughts and feelings. B. Choose what is the most suitable for your needs. C. Words on a page can improve emotional intelligence. D. This brings about a great debate: pages vs screens vs audio. E. Keep a book, an e-reader, or an audiobook app on you as you go about the day. F. Despite this, the overall book reading time for Americans is on the decline. G. However, they stimulated the brain just as deeply as black-and-white pages 第三部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） A week ago, in search of an extremely ___18___ flower called the tagimoucia, I travelled to Taveuni, where the plant only grows. My host Vagoni told me that many locals may have only seen the flower in pictures. He also told me that I’d be ___19___ to climb the mountain without a ___20___. “You’ll be on the steep (陡峭的) service road before you ___21___ the rainforest on an unmarked track to have any chance of finding the tagimoucia. There’s thick ____22____and it’s always raining,” he said. “At best, you don’t find the ___23___. At worst, you get completely ___24___.” I asked Vagoni ___25___ this worst case had happened before. “___26___!” he said. “Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. What a _____27_____!” Soon, we set out up the service road with a guide. I’d hiked Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and made it _____28_____ the Everest Base Camp. _____29_____, I quickly discovered that Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness make the climbing astonishingly _____30_____. I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes. An hour later, we were in the forest, ducking under fallen trees and climbing over other obstacles. Suddenly, the guide pointed up with _____31_____. “Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. I couldn’t believe we’d found it — I also couldn’t see a thing, as my glasses _____32_____ up in the mist. 18. A. delicate B. beautiful C. tiny D. rare 19. A. slow B. funny C. foolish D. weak 20. A. guide B. rope C. walking stick D. sleeping bag 21. A. cut into B. search for C. look around D. make out 22. A. forest B. grass C. fog D. snow 23. A. way B. water C. shelter D. flower 24. A. mad B. lost C. exhausted D. defeated 25 A. when B. how C. whether D. why 26. A. Accidentally B. Basically C. Frequently D. Rarely 27. A. chance B. coincidence C. schedule D. mess 28. A. with B. to C. for D. at 29. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 30. A. impressive B. urgent C. unique D. tough 31. A. curiosity B. interest C. excitement D. fear 32. A. straightened B. steamed C. pushed D. broken 第Ⅱ卷（共81分） （请将你的答案填写在答案卷上） Ⅰ.根据所给首字母或所给提示，写出正确的单词来完成句子或单句语法填空。（共16小题；每小题1分，共16分）注意：将首字母一起填写到答题卷上，即答案卷上要写出完整的单词。 33. Most of employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of reducing the staff in r__________ to the economic depression.（根据首字母单词拼写） 34. Believing that knowledge changes destiny, though l__________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. （根据首字母单词拼写） 35. The n__________ experience of losing his job led to a positive transformation as he finally pursued his passion for creativity and founded a successful startup. （根据首字母单词拼写） 36. When you finish your essay, you’d better have it p__________ to make it more readable. （根据首字母单词拼写） 37. The space station is c__________ of several units, including living quarters, a laboratory, and a docking port for visiting vehicles. （根据首字母单词拼写） 38. Word came that the introduction of the new system, s__________ for a certain reason, would not be carried out until the next year. （根据首字母单词拼写） 39. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more s______ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems. （根据首字母单词拼写） 40. The researcher selected participants for the study at r__________ to ensure a representative sample. （根据首字母单词拼写） 41. To ensure s__________ development, the company has made a decision to use recycled materials in its packaging to reduce environmental impact. （根据首字母单词拼写） 42. __________ (abandon) himself to the flow of the music, the dancer lost himself in the rhythm and moved with effortless grace. （根据首字母单词拼写） 43. It’s high time that we healed the deep __________ (divide) between the rich and the poor. (根据所给词的适当形式填空) 44. Paris has played a __________ (dominate) role in France, not just in political terms but also in economic power. (根据首字母单词拼写) 45. In the modern city, the __________ (harmony) blend of diverse cultures created a vibrant and dynamic atmosphere that attracted people from all over the world. （所给词的适当形式填空） 46. The professor gave the class a series of challenging __________ (assign) to complete throughout the semester. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. Young people should be led to believe that anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and _________ (persevere).(所给词的适当形式填空) 48. In the recent regional mathematics competition, the two contestants from different schools, John and Sarah, scored 90 and 85 __________ (respective). （所给词的适当形式填空） Ⅱ.根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分） 根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。 give off; restore... to; wear... out; correspond to; qualify... for; take over; starve to death; tease... about 49. __________ his disability by classmates made Lipson wonder why he couldn’t be blessed with a healthy body. 50. Phytoplankton (浮游植物) live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while __________ oxygen. 51 It was not until the new computer virus was removed that the system __________ its normal operation. 52. The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, went back home, absolutely __________. 53. __________ the job, she was confident in her ability to handle the responsibilities that came with it. 54. Considered to be a less dangerous alternative to tobacco, “e-cigarettes” __________ the West in the past few years as more and more people try to kick the habit. 55. The design of the new office space was carefully planned __________ the company’s growth, ensuring that it could accommodate the increasing number of employees. 56. Over 20,000 Somali children across nine districts risk __________ unless the international community continues to provide life-saving aid to them. Ⅲ.课文背诵填空。（每小题1分，共13分） 57. The results have been fantastic. I __________ __________ __________ and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.（根据课文内容填空） 58. These bad habits, __________ __________ __________, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. （根据课文内容填空） 59. We as individuals can also reduce out “carbon footprint” by __________ __________ __________ __________ carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. （根据课文内容填空） 60. The local government __________ __________ __________ __________ regarding further industrial development. （根据课文内容填空） 61. At the same time, they started to __________ __________ __________ __________ and fine tourist organizations for abuses. （根据课文内容填空） 62. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for __________ __________ __________.（根据课文内容填空） 63. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to __________ __________ __________ __________.（根据课文内容填空） 64. Our __________ __________ __________ __________ Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. （根据课文内容填空） 65. Some people tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to __________ __________ __________ such as joy and sorrow. (根据课文内容填空) 66. The __________ __________ of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. （根据课文内容填空） 67. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to hers. She __________ __________ __________ that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.（根据课文内容填空） 68. My niece came in __________ __________ __________, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me. （根据课文内容填空） 69. __________ __________ __________ was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilitates improved the water quality and water conservation. （根据课文内容填空） Ⅳ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, once struggling to sustain its ___70___(survive), has undergone a remarkable turnaround. It has become a popular destination ___71___ visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life. The man behind ___72___ U-turn is Shen Zhijun, an animal welfare advocate. Last August, Shen took to the Internet ___73___(publicize) his decade-long reform efforts—an overall campaign transforming the conventional zoo into a conservation-focused sanctuary(保护区). During his 30-minute speech ___74___(title) A Zoo’s Pursuit, Shen showcased the successful changes that he had performed. After witnessing the helpless and hopeless ___75___(expression) of the animals, Shen’s team set about making changes. Initially, they removed animal shows, which traditionally serve as the financial backbone of zoos. Subsequently, they transformed the park’s landscape, cleverly using the ___76___(exist) mountainous terrain of Hongshan to reproduce the natural habitats of animals in the wild. Plus, they introduced “multi-level villas” where animals belonging to the same ecological zone but not occupying the base of the food chain can ___77___(house) together, based on their ecological and geographical distribution. This zoo has emerged ___78___ the most animal-friendly zoo in China. Striking a balance between respecting animals’ dignity and providing visitors with _____79_____(enjoy) experiences is a challenging task, but Shen’s team has successfully achieved it. Ⅴ.读后续写（共25分） 80. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。 When I was seven years old, my family moved from Mexico to America. In Mexico, I was a cheerful girl who loved making people laugh with my jokes and inventing fun games to play with my friends. However, when I arrived in America, I found it hard to fit in, and I became quieter. We lived in a small house with a modest yard where we grew vegetables—my responsibility. While I took pride in watching them grow, there were times when I dreamed of having a beautiful garden like my schoolmate Luella’s, with its delicate tulips (郁金香). Although Luella lived in the same neighborhood as me, we barely knew each other. It was after a tornado that Luella and I finally became close friends. The tornado struck on a Sunday afternoon.The gentle breeze transformed into a strong wind, and thick gray clouds filled the sky. Gradually, the tornado took shape, starting as a thin rope and growing into a large black funnel (漏斗). My entire family gathered in the bathroom, seeking shelter from the storm. Terrified, I sat close to my mom, knees in my chest. After the storm had passed, our worries and fears were replaced by relief that we were unharmed and that our house had remained undamaged. As I stepped outside, I witnessed the extent of the damage the tornado had caused to our neighborhood. Across the street, a tall tree had fallen, crushing Luella’s garden in front of her yellow house. We hurried over to check on it. Fortunately, her family seemed to be away at the time, and no one was injured. However, her once-beautiful garden was in ruins, with the fallen tree destroying the tulips and debris (碎片) spread everywhere. I could only imagine how heartbroken they must feel seeing this. Then my mom’s usual words rang in my ear, “It is more blessed to give than to receive,” and my family started to think about how we could help. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just at that moment, Luella’s family returned in their car. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Even after the debris was cleared, I could still sense Luella’s sorrow for her lost garden. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力答案1-5 CACAC 6-10 CBABC 11-15 BABAB 16-20 ABCAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 福建师大附中2023-2024学年下学期期末考试 高二英语试卷 时间：120分钟 满分：150分 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） 第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. Where does the conversation take place? A. At the man’s home. B. In a restaurant. C. In an office. 2. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Contact the company. B. Cancel the order. C. Wait for several days. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A valuable gift. B. Life experiences. C. Jane’s close friend. 4. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Disappointed. 5. Why does Julie talk to Dr. Brian? A. To ask for leave. B. To hand in her paper. C. To get some advice. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man care most about running shoes? A. The brand. B. The color. C. The quality. 7. What color shoes may the man take? A. Orange. B. Blue. C. White. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. What is the man looking tor? A. Car keys. B. A ticket. C. A bus schedule. 9. When did the man have a car accident? A. Yesterday morning. B. Last week. C. Last month. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a program. C. Conducting an interview. 11. What was Miles’ mother’s attitude toward his plan? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. 12. What does the non-profit organization do? A. Donate money from sales. B. Clean up plastics in the ocean. C. Call on kids to clean waterways. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why is Eric mentioned in the conversation? A. He has an extra ticket. B. He won’t watch the game. C. He will play in the Big Game. 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Brother and sister. 15. When will the speakers meet? A. At 1:30 p. m. B. At 1:00 p. m. C. At 12:30 p. m. 16. How will the speakers go to the stadium? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By subway. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How should the first notebook be used? A. Record the difficult questions. B. Make notes as much as possible. C. Copy key points for the next lecture. 18. What does the speaker say about sleep? A. Sleep in on weekends. B. Take a 40-minute nap daily. C. Maintain a regular sleep schedule. 19. Which is the speaker’s third piece of advice? A. Learning with music. B. Staying away from video games. C. Participating in more school activities. 20. What is the point of doing a part-time job according to the research? A. Pay for school fees. B. Gain work experience. C. Enhance time management ability. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 1. What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A. Making them look more beautiful. B. Spotting potential dangers. C. Helping them identify the direction. D. Protecting them from being attacked. 2. How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A. They attacked immediately. B. They turned away in seconds. C. They reacted cautiously. D. They became very excited. 3. What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A. The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B. The experiment needs further proof. C. The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D. Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 4. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B. To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C. To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D. To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，蝴蝶身上的同心圆状的类似瞳孔的图案可以起到保护蝴蝶的作用，让捕食者畏惧，并给以蝴蝶足够多的逃生时间。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.（这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。）”可知，这种视觉上的假象，可以吓走那些潜在的攻击者，给以蝴蝶足够多的时间逃生。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking.（当眼状斑点的瞳孔特别指向小鸟的方向时，这些鸟会反复朝纸跑去，然后后退，等几分钟再攻击。）”可知，当瞳孔直接对着这些小鸟时，他们会重复的跑过去又退回来，在攻击之前会等上几分钟。这是谨慎的表现。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句““These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes.（Monteiro说：“这些蝴蝶可以从任何角度看到，所以把瞳孔放在中心位置就很好了。”不过，她说，研究中使用的眼状斑点甚至比自然界中常见的最大斑点还要大几毫米，这增加了一种可能性，即雏鸟可能被纸眼睛的大小吓坏了。）”可知，生物学家Monteiro认为，这个类似瞳孔的图案形状是可以吓到雏鸟的，对蝴蝶来讲，可以起到有力的保护作用的。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段的“ This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.(这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。)”，最后一句“National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots.（新加坡国立大学的进化生物学家Antonia Monteiro没有参与这项研究，但他说这项研究是对眼状斑点进化理论的一个“很酷”的证明。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蝴蝶背上的瞳孔图案的作用，因此推断文章的目的是揭示蝴蝶身上隐藏的生物学秘密。故选B。 B Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. Many publicly available large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade. Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. 5. What does the AI jailbreak refer to? A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C. The capability of AI models improving themselves. D. The process of AI models learning new information. 6. What can we know about the persona modulation? A. It can help AI models understand emotions. B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas. 7. What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs? A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative. 8. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能领域面临的一项新挑战——AI“越狱”。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种AI‘jailbreaks’比看起来要困难得多。)”以及第二段“Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. (许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或者用非法或有问题的答案回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令，阻止这些保护措施，即所谓的‘jailbreaks’，使人工智能模型不遵守规则。)”可知，许多公开可用的大型语言模型都有硬编码规则阻止非法、歧视等内容，但是人工智能模型可以突破保护限制措施，互相欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的指令；由此可知，AI“jailbreak”指的是打破人工智能模型限制，使人工智能模型违反规则的技术。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. (Tagade表示，这种方法之所以有效，是因为大型模型消耗的大部分训练数据来自在线对话，模型学会以特定的方式响应不同的输入。通过与模型进行正确的对话，可以使其采用特定的角色，从而使其采取不同的行动。)”可知，“角色调节（the persona modulation）”可以通过与人工智能模型进行正确的对话让其采用特定的角色，采取不同的行动。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. (伦敦帝国理工学院的Yinzhen Li表示，目前的模型可能会被滥用，这令人担忧，但开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLM的潜在好处。‘就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，’她说。)”可知，Yinzhen Li认为，目前的模型可能会被滥用，但是开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLMs的潜在好处，由此可知，Yinzhen Li对LLMs持谨慎的态度。故选B。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种人工智能“越狱”比看起来更困难。)”以及下文内容可知本文介绍了人工智能“越狱”、研究者们发现的一个“越狱”过程——“角色调节”以及专家对其态度；由此可知，本文主要阐述人工智能发展面临的人工智能“越狱”这一新的挑战；C选项“AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge (AI越狱：一个新的挑战)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。 C As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out, public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices. The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect, requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus. By representing these values in a discrepant way — using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods — businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food, according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University. In their study, Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups. In the first group, calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together. In the second group, the size became larger as the calorie count fell. Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness. Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option. Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food. This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study. “Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.” 9. What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2mean? A. Creative. B. Relative C. Conflicting D. Misleading 10. Which of the following type of customers would be affected most from the research? A. Strict diet followers. B. Convenience food fans. C. Homema de meal lovers. D. Health magazine readers. 11. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The significance of research results. B. The measurement of response delays. C. The psychological basis of the study design. D. The influential variations of the Stroop effect. 12. Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants? A. Use font magic to drive healthier choices. B. Pay more attention to the taste of the food. C. Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers. D. Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究——菜单上标记热量多少的数字大小是如何影响顾客对食物的选择的。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后的内容“using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods”（在页面上使用较大的数字表示低卡路里的选项，而使用较小的数字表示高卡路里的食物）可知，这是对 discrepant way的解释，用大数字表示低卡路里，小数字表示高卡路里，这是一种相冲突的方式，故推知discrepant应表示“矛盾的，相差的”，与Conflicting同义。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.”（此外，健康意识较弱的参与者受影响最大，而健康意识较强的人受影响较小，因为他们已经喜欢更健康的食物。）说明健康意识较弱的人受影响最大，而健康意识较弱的人通常是方便食物的爱好者。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study.”（本研究通过创造斯特鲁普效应来调整顾客行为。以心理学家J. Ridley Stroop的名字命名，斯特鲁普效应指的是对不匹配的反应延迟。例如，如果单词“紫色”是用绿色书写的，那么受访者识别颜色的时间要比单词和颜色匹配的时间长。同样，在本研究中，当数字的实际大小与其数字不匹配时，也会观察到这种效应。）可知，本段主要介绍了该研究应用斯特鲁普效应来研究顾客行为，该效应是设计该研究的心理学基础。故选C项。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.””（“餐馆有兴趣鼓励顾客做出更健康的选择，”Cai说。然而，仅仅给食品贴上健康标签可能不会产生预期的效果。她解释说:“健康食品可以为餐馆带来利润，但只要贴上‘健康’的标签，人们就会认为它味道不好。”“我们试图为餐厅提供间接的建议，而不是大声说出来。”）可知，她认为给食物贴上‘健康’的标签反而会适得其反，并不能鼓励顾客去选择它，餐馆应该寻求间接的方法。再根据第四段第一句“Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option.”（结果显示，第二组看到印有大尺寸低卡路里标签的参与者更有可能选择更健康的食物。）说明了食物标签上字体的大小会影响人们对健康食物的选择。由此推测，Cai提到的“indirect suggestions”指的就是餐馆可以利用字体的魔力来推动顾客更健康的食物选择。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading books can exercise your brain. Kids who started reading at an earlier age go on to perform better on certain intelligence tests. As one gets older, it might help slow down or even stop cognitive (认知的) decline. ____13____ Many Americans don’t read frequently. It’s time to change this trend to give your brain gray matter a good workout. ____14____ When you have some leisure time — you’re waiting for a friend, sleeping lightly on the way from or to work, or doing a task that doesn’t require your full attention—you can open your text instead of playing your favorite smartphone game. ____15____ While paper is still the clear winner in the court of public opinion, science hasn’t proven that physical books are better than digital ones. Academic research has mostly focused on the ability to remember. A study took place in a laboratory setting: students all read the same text, but some looked at the words on paper and others viewed an on-screen PDF file. It turned out that no meaningful difference between the two media existed. As for audiobooks, they affected the brain gray matter somewhat differently. ____16____ Ultimately, if you hope to get a reading habit going, you shouldn’t dismiss (摒弃) paper, electronic, or audio books. ____17____ Don’t be afraid to change things depending on the occasion. A. Audiobooks (有声书) still affect your thoughts and feelings. B. Choose what is the most suitable for your needs. C. Words on a page can improve emotional intelligence. D. This brings about a great debate: pages vs screens vs audio. E. Keep a book, an e-reader, or an audiobook app on you as you go about the day. F. Despite this, the overall book reading time for Americans is on the decline. G. However, they stimulated the brain just as deeply as black-and-white pages 【答案】13. F 14. E 15. D 16. G 17. B 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读对大脑的益处，以及不同形式的书籍对大脑的影响。 【13题详解】 上文“Reading books can exercise your brain. Kids who started reading at an earlier age go on to perform better on certain intelligence tests. As one gets older, it might help slow down or even stop cognitive (认知的) decline.(读书可以锻炼你的大脑。在较早年龄开始阅读的孩子在某些智力测试中表现得更好。随着年龄的增长，它可能有助于减缓甚至阻止认知能力的下降。)”提出阅读带给我们的好处，下文“Many Americans don’t read frequently.(许多美国人不经常阅读。)”却讲尽管阅读有很多好处，但美国人不经常阅读，上下文有转折关系。F项“Despite this, the overall book reading time for Americans is on the decline.(尽管如此，美国人的整体读书时间却在减少。)”承上启下，引出下文美国人的现状，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【14题详解】 下文“When you have some leisure time — you’re waiting for a friend, sleeping lightly on the way from or to work, or doing a task that doesn’t require your full attention — you can open your text instead of playing your favorite smartphone game.(当你有一些闲暇时间——你在等朋友，在上下班的路上睡个小觉，或者做一件不需要你全部注意力的任务——你可以打开你的文本，而不是玩你最喜欢的智能手机游戏。)”提出在闲暇时间打开文本阅读，这正是E项“Keep a book, an e-reader, or an audiobook app on you as you go about the day.(随身携带一本书，一个电子阅读器，或者一个有声读物应用。)”中提出携带书、电子阅读器或有声读物的目的，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 【15题详解】 下文“While paper is still the clear winner in the court of public opinion, science hasn’t proven that physical books are better than digital ones.(虽然纸质书在公众舆论中仍然是明显的赢家，但科学并没有证明纸质书比电子书更好。)”提出纸质书与电子书的比较，承接D项“This brings about a great debate: pages vs screens vs audio.(这就带来了一个巨大的争论：书页vs屏幕vs音频。)”中提出的纸质书页与电子屏幕的对比，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 【16题详解】 上文“As for audiobooks, they affected the brain gray matter somewhat differently.(至于有声读物，它们对大脑灰质影响有所不同)”提出有声读物与其它阅读媒介有所不同，G项“However, they stimulated the brain just as deeply as black-and-white pages (然而，它们对大脑的刺激就像黑白页面一样深刻)”承接上文，指出有声读物与其它黑白页面阅读媒介的共同点，上下文构成转折关系。句中“they”指代上文“audiobooks”。故选G项。 【17题详解】 上文“Ultimately, if you hope to get a reading habit going, you shouldn’t dismiss (摒弃) paper, electronic, or audio books. (最后，如果你希望养成阅读习惯，你不应该放弃纸质书、电子书或有声书。)”提出不要摒弃纸质书、电子书或有声书中的任一一种，B项“Choose what is the most suitable for your needs.(选择最适合您需求的产品。)”进一步提出建议：要从中选择最适合自己的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 第三部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） A week ago, in search of an extremely ___18___ flower called the tagimoucia, I travelled to Taveuni, where the plant only grows. My host Vagoni told me that many locals may have only seen the flower in pictures. He also told me that I’d be ___19___ to climb the mountain without a ___20___. “You’ll be on the steep (陡峭的) service road before you ___21___ the rainforest on an unmarked track to have any chance of finding the tagimoucia. There’s thick ____22____and it’s always raining,” he said. “At best, you don’t find the ___23___. At worst, you get completely ___24___.” I asked Vagoni ___25___ this worst case had happened before. “___26___!” he said. “Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. What a _____27_____!” Soon, we set out up the service road with a guide. I’d hiked Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and made it _____28_____ the Everest Base Camp. _____29_____, I quickly discovered that Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness make the climbing astonishingly _____30_____. I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes. An hour later, we were in the forest, ducking under fallen trees and climbing over other obstacles. Suddenly, the guide pointed up with _____31_____. “Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. I couldn’t believe we’d found it — I also couldn’t see a thing, as my glasses _____32_____ up in the mist. 18. A. delicate B. beautiful C. tiny D. rare 19. A. slow B. funny C. foolish D. weak 20. A. guide B. rope C. walking stick D. sleeping bag 21. A. cut into B. search for C. look around D. make out 22. A. forest B. grass C. fog D. snow 23. A. way B. water C. shelter D. flower 24. A. mad B. lost C. exhausted D. defeated 25. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 26. A. Accidentally B. Basically C. Frequently D. Rarely 27. A. chance B. coincidence C. schedule D. mess 28. A. with B. to C. for D. at 29. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 30. A. impressive B. urgent C. unique D. tough 31. A. curiosity B. interest C. excitement D. fear 32. A. straightened B. steamed C. pushed D. broken 【答案】18. D 19. C 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者去塔维乌尼寻找一种名为塔吉莫西亚的极其罕见的花的经历。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一周前，为了寻找一种名为塔吉莫西亚的极其罕见的花，我去了塔维乌尼，那里只生长这种植物。A. delicate精致的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. tiny小的；D. rare稀有的。根据下文“where the plant only grows”可知，这种花只生长在塔维乌尼，所以很稀有。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他还告诉我，没有向导爬山是愚蠢的。A. slow慢的；B. funny可笑的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. weak弱的。根据下文“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission.”可知，没有向导登山是很愚蠢的行为。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. guide引导；B. rope绳子；C. walking stick拐杖；D. sleeping bag睡袋。根据下文“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission.”可知，这里强调登山需要向导。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你沿着一条没有标记的轨道切入热带雨林之前，你会先走上陡峭的便道，才有机会找到塔吉莫西亚。A. cut into切入；B. search for寻找；C. look around环顾四周；D. make out弄清楚。根据下文“the rainforest on an unmarked track”可知，此处指要进入热带雨林。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里有浓雾，而且总是下雨。A. forest森林；B. grass草；C. fog雾；D. snow雪。根据下文“it’s always raining”以及“as my glasses were _______ up in the mist”可知，这个地方老下雨，会有雾。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：充其量，你找不到花。A. way方法；B. water水；C. shelter避难所；D. flower花。根据上文“A week ago, in search of an extremely ___1___ flower called the tagimoucia”可知，作者是去找花的。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最坏的情况是，你完全迷路了。A. mad疯的；B. lost丢失的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. defeated被打败的。根据下文“a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud.”可知，最坏的情况是会在森林里完全迷路。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词性从句连接词词义辨析。句意：我问Vagoni，这种最糟糕的情况以前是否发生过。A. when何时；B. how如何；C. whether是否；D. why为何。根据下文“this worst case had happened before”可知，作者想知道的是这种最糟糕的情况以前是否发生过。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“经常！”他说。A. Accidentally意外地；B. Basically根本地；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Rarely几乎不。根据下文“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud.”可知，2周前刚刚发生一次迷路的情况，所以发生的很频繁。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：真是一团糟！A. chance机会；B. coincidence巧合；C. schedule安排；D. mess混乱。根据上文“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission.”可知，有游客迷路，同时还有其他搜救任务，所以乱作一团。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我徒步攀登了非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，并到达了珠穆朗玛峰大本营。A. with和；B. to到；C. for为了；D. at在某地。根据上文“I’d hiked Kilimanjaro”可知，这里指作者曾经到过乞力马扎罗山和珠穆朗玛峰大本营。make it to“成功到达某地”符合语境。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，塔沃尼的极端湿度和步道的陡峭使攀登变得异常艰难。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Besides此外。根据上文“I’d hiked Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and made it ___11___ the Everest Base Camp.”与下文“ I quickly discovered that Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness make the climbing astonishingly ___13___. I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes.”之间构成转折关系。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. impressive给人印象深刻的；B. urgent急迫的；C. unique独特的；D. tough艰苦的。根据上文“Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness”可知，极端的湿度和步道的陡峭会使攀登变得异常艰难。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，导游兴奋地向上指了指。A. curiosity好奇心；B. interest兴趣；C. excitement兴奋；D. fear害怕。根据下文““Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. I couldn’t believe we’d found it”可知，他们找到了要找的花，所以会很兴奋。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也什么也看不见，因为我的眼镜在雾中蒙上了水汽。A. straightened变直；B. steamed蒸发，散发蒸汽；C. pushed推；D. broken打破。根据上文“I also couldn’t see a thing”可知，作者什么也看不见了，应该是因为他的眼镜在雾中蒙上了水汽；steam up意为“（使）蒙上水汽”符合语境。故选B。 第Ⅱ卷（共81分） （请将你的答案填写在答案卷上） Ⅰ.根据所给首字母或所给提示，写出正确的单词来完成句子或单句语法填空。（共16小题；每小题1分，共16分）注意：将首字母一起填写到答题卷上，即答案卷上要写出完整的单词。 33. Most of employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of reducing the staff in r__________ to the economic depression.（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】response##esponse 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数雇主正计划降低工资而不是裁员以应对经济萧条。结合句意和首字母可知本空用名词response“回应，反应”，作介词in的宾语，构成短语in response to“对……做出反应”，表示对经济萧条的反应。故填response。 34. Believing that knowledge changes destiny, though l__________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】lacking##acking 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他的父母相信知识可以改变命运，尽管缺钱，但还是设法送他上了大学。本句为让步状语从句的省略句，his parents与空处为主动关系，完整的从句为though they were lacking money，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，省略从句中的主语和be动词。故填lacking。 35. The n__________ experience of losing his job led to a positive transformation as he finally pursued his passion for creativity and founded a successful startup. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】negative##egative 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：失去工作的负面经历导致了一个积极的转变，因为他最终追求了对创造性的热情，并创立了一个成功的初创公司。本空用形容词negative“消极的，负面的”作定语修饰名词experience ，来描述失去工作这一经历的性质。尽管这个经历是负面的，但结果却是积极的“positive”，这两个词相对，符合题意。故填negative。 36. When you finish your essay, you’d better have it p__________ to make it more readable. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】polished##olished 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：当你完成论文的时候，你最好把它润色一下，以使其更易阅读。本空用过去分词polished“润色，打磨”，作have的宾语补足语，构成have sth done结构，表示“使某事被做”。故填polished。 37. The space station is c__________ of several units, including living quarters, a laboratory, and a docking port for visiting vehicles. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】composed/comprised 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：空间站由几个单元组成，包括生活区、实验室和一个供来访飞船对接的港口。结合句意可知本空使用动词短语be composed of或be comprised of来表示“由……组成”。故填composed/comprised。 38. Word came that the introduction of the new system, s__________ for a certain reason, would not be carried out until the next year. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】suspended##uspended 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：消息传来，由于某种原因，新系统引入被暂停，直到下一年才会实施。本空用过去分词suspended“暂停”，作后置定语，修饰the introduction of the new system，表示该系统的引入被暂停这一状态。故填suspended。 39. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more s______ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】sensitive##ensitive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：与妹妹相比，Jerry对情感和关系问题更加敏感，也更容易受到困扰。根据单词首字母以及句意“敏感的”，可知应填形容词sensitive，作表语。故填sensitive。 40. The researcher selected participants for the study at r__________ to ensure a representative sample. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】random##andom 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：研究人员随机选择参与者进行研究，以确保有代表性的样本。结合首字母及句意可知使用短语at random“随机”符合句意，故填random。 41. To ensure s__________ development, the company has made a decision to use recycled materials in its packaging to reduce environmental impact. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】sustainable##ustainable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了确保可持续发展，公司已决定在其包装中使用回收材料以减少对环境的影响。结合句意和首字母提示可知本空用形容词sustainable“可持续的”，作定语，修饰名词development。故填sustainable。 42. __________ (abandon) himself to the flow of the music, the dancer lost himself in the rhythm and moved with effortless grace. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】Abandoning 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：舞者沉浸在音乐的流动中，迷失在节奏中，毫不费力地优雅地移动。abandon oneself to为固定短语，表示“沉溺于”，句子主干为the dancer lost himself in the rhythm and moved with effortless grace，谓语为lost，逗号前为状语，空处应为非谓语动词，abandon与the dancer之间为主动关系，空处应为现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Abandoning。 43. It’s high time that we healed the deep __________ (divide) between the rich and the poor. (根据所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】division 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在是我们解决贫富之间深刻分歧的时候了。根据空前定冠词the和形容词deep可知，空处应用名词形式division，作healed的宾语，用单数形式特指贫富之间这一分歧。故填division. 44. Paris has played a __________ (dominate) role in France, not just in political terms but also in economic power. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】dominant 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：巴黎在法国发挥了主导作用，不仅在政治方面，而且在经济实力方面。此处使用形容词dominant“占支配地位的，首要的”，作前置定语，修饰名词role。故填dominant。 45. In the modern city, the __________ (harmony) blend of diverse cultures created a vibrant and dynamic atmosphere that attracted people from all over the world. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】harmonious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在现代城市中，多元文化的和谐融合创造了一种充满活力和生机的氛围，吸引了来自世界各地的人们。设空处位于名词前，使用形容词作定语，故填harmonious。 46. The professor gave the class a series of challenging __________ (assign) to complete throughout the semester. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】assignments 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：教授给全班布置了一系列具有挑战性的作业，要求他们在整个学期完成。设空处用作宾语，需要名词，表示“作业”，是可数名词assignment，根据句意应使用复数形式。故填assignments。 47. Young people should be led to believe that anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and _________ (persevere).(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】perseverance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该引导年轻人相信，一切皆是可能的，只要有决心和毅力，没有什么能阻碍他们。根据空前的and可知，此处应用名词perseverance与determination并列，作介词with的宾语，故填perseverance。 48. In the recent regional mathematics competition, the two contestants from different schools, John and Sarah, scored 90 and 85 __________ (respective). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】respectively 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：在最近的区域数学比赛中，来自不同学校的两名参赛者约翰和萨拉分别得了90分和85分。此处使用副词respectively“各自，分别地”，作状语，修饰动词scored。故填respectively。 Ⅱ.根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分） 根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。 give off; restore... to; wear... out; correspond to; qualify... for; take over; starve to death; tease... about 49. __________ his disability by classmates made Lipson wonder why he couldn’t be blessed with a healthy body. 50. Phytoplankton (浮游植物) live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while __________ oxygen. 51. It was not until the new computer virus was removed that the system __________ its normal operation. 52. The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, went back home, absolutely __________. 53. __________ the job, she was confident in her ability to handle the responsibilities that came with it. 54. Considered to be a less dangerous alternative to tobacco, “e-cigarettes” __________ the West in the past few years as more and more people try to kick the habit. 55. The design of the new office space was carefully planned __________ the company’s growth, ensuring that it could accommodate the increasing number of employees. 56. Over 20,000 Somali children across nine districts risk __________ unless the international community continues to provide life-saving aid to them. 【答案】49. Being teased about 50. giving off 51. was restored to 52. worn out 53. Qualified for 54. have taken over 55. to correspond to 56. starving to death 【解析】 【49题详解】 考查动名词。句意：被同学们嘲笑他的残疾让Lipson想知道为什么他不能拥有一个健康的身体。结合句意可知本空使用tease... about“取笑……关于……”的适当形式，该短语与其逻辑主语Lipson之间是被动关系，用动名词Being teased about“被嘲笑关于……”，作句子的主语，表示被动的动作。故填Being teased about。 【50题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：浮游植物生活在海洋表面，它们将二氧化碳带入海洋同时释放氧气。结合句意可知本空使用give off“释放”的适当形式，结合While引导的时间状语从句的主语和where引导的定语从句的主语都是they，且时间状语从句中含有be动词，省略主语+be动词，填入现在分词giving off构成状语从句的省略。故填giving off。 【51题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：直到新的计算机病毒被清除，系统才恢复了正常运行。结合was 可知句子时态是一般过去时，本空使用 restore... to“恢复……到……”的适当形式，与其逻辑主语system之间是被动关系，本空用was restored to“被恢复到”，表示过去发生的被动动作。故填was restored to。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所有的孩子们都玩了一整天，回家时完全筋疲力尽。结合句意可知本空使用wear... out“使筋疲力竭”的适当形式，需要用形容词worn out“筋疲力尽的”，作状语，描述孩子们的状态。故填worn out。 【53题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她胜任这份工作，对自己处理随之而来的责任的能力充满信心。结合句意可知本空使用qualify... for“有资格做”的适当形式，可用形容词短语Qualified for“有资格做”，作原因状语，表示她有资格胜任这份工作。故填Qualified for。 【54题详解】 考查时态。句意：“电子烟”被认为是一种危害较小的烟草替代品，随着越来越多的人试图戒烟，“电子烟”在过去几年风靡西方。结合句意可知本空使用take over“接管，接手”的适当形式，结合时间状语in the past few years，可知句子时态是现在完成时，句子主语是“e-cigarettes”，助动词用have。故填have taken over。 【55题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：新办公室空间的设计是经过仔细规划的，以应对公司的增长，确保它能够容纳不断增加的员工数量。结合句意可知本空使用correspond to“匹配、相似或相等”的适当形式，本空用不定式作目的状语，表示设计的目的。故填to correspond to。 【56题详解】 考查动名词。句意：在九个地区超过2万名索马里儿童面临饿死的风险，除非国际社会继续向他们提供救命的援助。结合句意可知本空使用starve to death“饿死”的适当形式，结合risk doing sth，可知本空用动名词starving to death，作risk的宾语。故填starving to death。 Ⅲ.课文背诵填空。（每小题1分，共13分） 57. The results have been fantastic. I __________ __________ __________ and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.（根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. feel ②. more ③. dynamic 【解析】 【详解】考查时态及比较级。句意：结果太棒了。我感觉自己比以往任何时候都更有活力和力量，无论是在身体还是精神上。结合课文内容可知，此处缺少感觉更有活力“feel more dynamic”，陈述现阶段所发生的事情使用一般现在时，and前后并列连接两个比较级作表语，故填①feel②more③dynamic。 58. These bad habits, __________ __________ __________, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. if ②. left ③. unchecked 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。句意：这些坏习惯，如果任其发展不受控制，在他们成年后可能会导致更严重的问题。本空使用了条件状语从句的省略，完整的句子应该是 If these bad habits are left unchecked...，但当主句和从句的主语一致时，且从句含有be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，从而形成了 if left unchecked的结构。故填 if left unchecked。 59. We as individuals can also reduce out “carbon footprint” by __________ __________ __________ __________ carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. restricting ②. the ③. amount ④. of 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by doing sth. (通过做某事)，结合句意可知缺少“限制……的数量”，“限制”用动词restrict，“……的数量”为： the amount of；作介词by的宾语用动名词形式restricting，表示减少碳足迹的方式。故填restricting the amount of。 60. The local government __________ __________ __________ __________ regarding further industrial development. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. set ②. up ③. strict ④. regulations 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：当地政府就进一步的工业发展制定了严格的规定。结合句意可知空格处填入“制定了严格的规定”，句子陈述过去发生的事实，用一般过去时，可以用动词短语set up“建立，设立”，set的过去式是set，加上形容词strict“严格的”，以及名词regulations“规定，规则”，构成set up strict regulations，表示建立严格的规定。故填set up strict regulations。 61. At the same time, they started to __________ __________ __________ __________ and fine tourist organizations for abuses. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. carry ②. out ③. inspections ④. regularly 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对旅游组织的违规行为进行罚款。本空使用动词短语 carry out inspections regularly“定期进行检查”，其中副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语，来描述他们为了确保旅游市场的合规性和安全性，而持续执行的监督活动。结合start to do sth“开始干某事”，可知填入原形与fine并列。故填 carry out inspections regularly。 62. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for __________ __________ __________.（根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. generations ②. to ③. come 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和动词不定式。句意：有了这些措施，相信漓江的美丽将被世世代代保存下来。根据课本内容可知，空处填generations to come作宾语，动词不定式作generations的后置定语。故填generations to come。 63. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to __________ __________ __________ __________.（根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. keep ②. our ③. spirits ④. up 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西留下他的班卓琴。赫西经常放这首歌给我们打气。结合句意可知空格处需要填入“给我们打气”，“给某人打气”为keep one’s spirits up，结合“我们”可知用形容词性物主代词our符合题意，可以译为keep our spirits up，用动词原形形式和to一起构成动词不定式，作目的状语。故填keep our spirits up。 64. Our __________ __________ __________ __________ Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. optimism ②. and ③. faith ④. in 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和介词。句意：我们对沙克尔顿的信任和乐观精神帮助我们坚持活下去。根据课文内容，空1用不可数名词optimism“乐观精神”，空3和空4用不可数名词faith“信任”和介词“in”构成短语faith in，表示对某人的信任，空2用并列连词and连接空1和空3的名词，共同作句子的主语。故填optimism and faith in。 65. Some people tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to __________ __________ __________ such as joy and sorrow. (根据课文内容填空) 【答案】 ①. convey ②. certain ③. feelings 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：有些人讲故事或描述读者脑海中的某个形象。其他人则试图传达某些感受，如快乐和悲伤。根据句意可知此处缺少的意思是“传达某些感受”，“传达，表达”的英语是动词convey，此处用作动词try的宾语，使用不定式形式；“感受”的英语是名词feeling，根据句意应使用复数形式feelings；“某些”使用形容词certain，修饰feelings，故填convey；certain；feelings。 66. The __________ __________ of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. distinctive ②. characteristics 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：诗歌的独特特点通常包括用词的简练，生动的语言，完整的意象，明喻和隐喻等文学手法，以及词语、线条、押韵和节奏的排列。本空用名词短语distinctive characteristics“独特的特征”，作句子的主语，表示描述诗歌独特属性的一系列特点。故填distinctive characteristics。 67. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to hers. She __________ __________ __________ that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.（根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. heard ②. him ③. declare 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在那一刻，托尼把她抱在怀里，把他的脸靠近她的脸。她听到他说他第二天不想离开她，他不仅仅是想取悦她。根据句意可知，空处表示“听到他说”，hear sb do sth为固定短语，表示“听到某事做某事”，结合上一句took可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，hear的过去式为heard，“说”为declare，此处应为动词原形，故填①heard②him③declare。 68. My niece came in __________ __________ __________, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. to ②. fetch ③. something 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我的侄女进来拿东西，也许是她的手绢，显然她没有看到我。根据空前的“came in”以及空后的“maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me”可知，侄女进来是要拿东西，所以可用动词fetch“去拿，去取”。fetch something“拿点东西”。该动词短语在句中作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填①to②fetch③something。 69. __________ __________ __________ was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilitates improved the water quality and water conservation. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 ①. A ②. comprehensive ③. initiative 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：一项全面的倡议开始实施，采取了一系列措施来解决这些问题。污水处理设施的建设改善了水质和水资源保护。本空用名词短语A comprehensive initiative“一项全面的倡议”，作句子的主语，表示一个具体行动或计划的启动。故填A comprehensive initiative。 Ⅳ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, once struggling to sustain its ___70___(survive), has undergone a remarkable turnaround. It has become a popular destination ___71___ visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life. The man behind ___72___ U-turn is Shen Zhijun, an animal welfare advocate. Last August, Shen took to the Internet ___73___(publicize) his decade-long reform efforts—an overall campaign transforming the conventional zoo into a conservation-focused sanctuary(保护区). During his 30-minute speech ___74___(title) A Zoo’s Pursuit, Shen showcased the successful changes that he had performed. After witnessing the helpless and hopeless ___75___(expression) of the animals, Shen’s team set about making changes. Initially, they removed animal shows, which traditionally serve as the financial backbone of zoos. Subsequently, they transformed the park’s landscape, cleverly using the ___76___(exist) mountainous terrain of Hongshan to reproduce the natural habitats of animals in the wild. Plus, they introduced “multi-level villas” where animals belonging to the same ecological zone but not occupying the base of the food chain can ___77___(house) together, based on their ecological and geographical distribution. This zoo has emerged ___78___ the most animal-friendly zoo in China. Striking a balance between respecting animals’ dignity and providing visitors with _____79_____(enjoy) experiences is a challenging task, but Shen’s team has successfully achieved it. 【答案】70. survival 71. where 72. the 73. to publicize 74. titled 75. expressions 76. existing 77. be housed 78. as 79. enjoyable 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了在动物福利倡导者沈志军的努力下京红山森林动物园经历了令人瞩目的转折。 【70题详解】 考查名词。句意：曾经为生存而挣扎的南京红山森林动物园经历了令人瞩目的转折。空格处位于形容词性物主代词之后，所以需要填入名词；survive的名词为survival；意为“生存”。故填survival。 【71题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它已成为一个受欢迎的目的地，游客可以在这里瞥见各种动物，欣赏生命的美丽和意义。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的关系词，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入关系副词；此处表示的是地点，所以用where。故填where。 【72题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这一180度大转弯背后的人是动物福利倡导者沈志军。空格处位于单数可数名词前，所以需要用冠词；此处特指动物园的转折，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 【73题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：去年8月，沈在互联网上宣传了他长达十年的改革努力——一场将传统动物园转变为以保护为重点的避难所的全面运动。分析句子结构可知，本句中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式。故填to publicize。 【74题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：在他30分钟的题为《动物园的追求》的演讲中，沈展示了他所做的成功改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填titled。 【75题详解】 考查名词。句意：在目睹了动物们无助和绝望的表情后，沈的团队开始着手做出改变。此处指的是动物们的表情，所以需要用复数。故填expressions。 【76题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后，他们改造了公园的景观，巧妙地利用洪山现有的山地地形，重现了野生动物的自然栖息地。空格处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词；exist的形容词为existing，意为“现有的”。故填existing。 【77题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：此外，他们还引入了“多层别墅”，根据动物的生态和地理分布，属于同一生态区但不占据食物链底部的动物可以住在一起。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入定语从句的谓语动词，house作动词时，意为“提供住处”；句子的主语与动词之间为被动关系，所以需要填入被动语态；空格前为情态动词can，所以为be动词加动词过去分词。故填be housed。 【78题详解】 考查介词。句意：这个动物园已经成为中国最善待动物的动物园。此处指的是“被看作为中国最善待动物的动物园”；as作介词，意为“作为”。故填as。 【79题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在尊重动物的尊严和为游客提供愉快的体验之间取得平衡是一项具有挑战性的任务，但沈的团队成功地做到了这一点。空格处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词，enjoy的形容词为enjoyable，意为“愉快的”。故填enjoyable。 Ⅴ.读后续写（共25分） 80. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was seven years old, my family moved from Mexico to America. In Mexico, I was a cheerful girl who loved making people laugh with my jokes and inventing fun games to play with my friends. However, when I arrived in America, I found it hard to fit in, and I became quieter. We lived in a small house with a modest yard where we grew vegetables—my responsibility. While I took pride in watching them grow, there were times when I dreamed of having a beautiful garden like my schoolmate Luella’s, with its delicate tulips (郁金香). Although Luella lived in the same neighborhood as me, we barely knew each other. It was after a tornado that Luella and I finally became close friends. The tornado struck on a Sunday afternoon.The gentle breeze transformed into a strong wind, and thick gray clouds filled the sky. Gradually, the tornado took shape, starting as a thin rope and growing into a large black funnel (漏斗). My entire family gathered in the bathroom, seeking shelter from the storm. Terrified, I sat close to my mom, knees in my chest. After the storm had passed, our worries and fears were replaced by relief that we were unharmed and that our house had remained undamaged. As I stepped outside, I witnessed the extent of the damage the tornado had caused to our neighborhood. Across the street, a tall tree had fallen, crushing Luella’s garden in front of her yellow house. We hurried over to check on it. Fortunately, her family seemed to be away at the time, and no one was injured. However, her once-beautiful garden was in ruins, with the fallen tree destroying the tulips and debris (碎片) spread everywhere. I could only imagine how heartbroken they must feel seeing this. Then my mom’s usual words rang in my ear, “It is more blessed to give than to receive,” and my family started to think about how we could help. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just at that moment, Luella’s family returned in their car. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Even after the debris was cleared, I could still sense Luella’s sorrow for her lost garden. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Just at that moment, Luella’s family returned in their car. Empathy surged within me as I saw the shock and disbelief on their faces. I couldn’t help but approach Luella, tightly holding her hands and saying, “I’m so sorry for your loss, but thankfully you’re all right.” She weakly nodded at me, still appearing puzzled by the devastating sight. My family volunteered to help hers clean up the mess, cutting down the branches and removing the fallen trees from the yard. To uplift Luella’s spirits and bring her comfort, I tried my best to cheer her up while tidying the garden with her, during which my own joyful personality seemed to revive a bit. Even after the debris was cleared, I could still sense Luella’s sorrow for her lost garden. My heart went out to her, knowing how much she had cherished those tulips that she had devoted so much energy to. Yet now, they were all gone. Determined to restore the beauty that once thrived, I suggested that we rebuild the garden. Luella agreed delightedly. With each bulb carefully planted and watered, the new tulip seedlings once again filled the garden, which symbolized the sprouting of a new friendship between us, as well as the turning that I finally got embraced by this new environment. My mom was right: it’s more blessed to give than to receive because when you give. You may receive something unexpected in return. 【解析】 【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了作者七岁时从墨西哥搬到美国的生活经历。在墨西哥时，她是一个开朗的女孩，喜欢和朋友开玩笑和发明有趣的游戏。但到了美国后，她发现很难融入新环境，变得安静了许多。她和同学Luella住在同一个社区，但几乎不认识对方。直到一次龙卷风袭击后，作者和Luella才成为亲密的朋友。龙卷风造成了严重的破坏，特别是Luella美丽的花园被一棵倒下的树摧毁。作者受到妈妈“给予比接受更幸福”的话的启发，开始思考如何帮助Luella。 详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，Luella的家人开着车回来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者安慰Luella并努力帮助它振作起来的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“即使在废墟被清理干净之后，我仍然能感觉到露埃拉对她失去的花园的悲伤。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Luella一起重建花园的经过以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：安慰Luella——帮忙收拾残局——建议重建花园——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 帮助：help/assist 自愿做某事：volunteer to do sth./be willing to do sth. 尽力做某事：try one’s best to do sth./spare no effort to do sth. 决定做某事：be determined to do sth./make up one’s mind to do sth. 情绪类 感谢地：thankfully/gratefully 高兴地：delightedly/cheerfully 【点睛】[高分句型1] My heart went out to her, knowing how much she had cherished those tulips that she had devoted so much energy to.（运用了现在分词作状语，how much引导宾语从句，that引导定语从句） [高分句型2] With each bulb carefully planted and watered, the new tulip seedlings once again filled the garden, which symbolized the sprouting of a new friendship between us, as well as the turning that I finally got embraced by this new environment.（运用了with的复合结构，which引导非限制性定语从句，that引导限制性定语从句） 听力答案1-5 CACAC 6-10 CBABC 11-15 BABAB 16-20 ABCAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$