内容正文:
Day 12状语从句精讲精练
【状语从句】
在主从复合句中充当状语的句子就是状语从句。常见的状语从句主要是时间,地点,条件,原因,结果,方式,让步等。
【1.时间状语从句】
(1)熟记时间状语从句连词
when,while,as,before,after,since,until,the moment/instant/minute ,as soon as等。
例句感知:
As dusk was approaching,I became anxious and worried.
随着夜幕的降临,我变得焦虑不安。
The instant I saw him , I realized I had forggtten to bring him the book.
我一看见他,我就意识到忘记给他带书了。
(2)注意
要注意时态一致,一般情况下,在含有时间状语从的主从复合句中,符合“主将从现”原则,即主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
例句感知:
I will hang out with you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我就和你出去逛。
【2.地点状语从句】
(1)熟记地点状语从句连词
where,wherever
例句感知:
After readig the book,please put it where it was.
书读完后,请将它们放回原处。
(2)注意
注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆,若是定语从句,where前必然有先行词。
例句感知:
Where there is a will there is a way. Where 引导___________从句
The bookshop where I bought the book is not far from here. Where 引导___________从句
答案:状语 定语
【3.条件状语从句】
(1)熟记条件状语从句连词
if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case等
例句感知:
A language learner cannot have a good command of the language unless he keeps practising speaking it.
一个语言学习者无法熟练掌握某种语言,除非他一直练习说这语言。
(2)注意
条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样,也符合“主将从现”原则,即主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
【4.条件状语从句】
(1)熟记条件状语从句连词
because,since,as,now (that)既然,for(表示原因的语气很弱,不直接表示原因,前多加逗号)
例句感知:
My mother doesn't allow me to go hiking,because it will be rainy these days.
我妈妈不允许我去远足,因为最近多雨。
Since he had broken the rule,he deserved punishing.
既然他违反了规则,他应该受到惩罚。
The ground is wet, for it rained last night.
地面是湿的,因为昨晚下雨了。
(2)注意
·because语气最强,回答why提出的问题;since次之;as最弱;
·as引导的从句往往放在主句前面;for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明。
例句感知:
As he is my best friend, I trust him more than anybody.
因为他是我最好的朋友,因此我最信任他。
【5.让步状语从句】
(1)熟记让步状语从句连词
although,though,while,as,even if/though(即使),whatever,whenever,wherever,however,whoever,no matter what/who/how/when/where
例句感知:
Whenever we have trouble with our studies,our teachers are always happy to help.
每当我们学习有困难时,我们的老师总是乐于帮助我们。
Even if pop music is not your cup of tea,that doesn't mean it is bad.
尽管流行音乐不是你喜欢的类型,但那并不意味着它就很差。
(2)注意
·当用though或 although引导从句时,后面的主句不能有but;
·as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前。
例句感知:
Child as he is, he knows quite a lot.
尽管他是一个孩子,但是他懂得很多。(此处为表语child 提前)
【6.结果状语从句】
(1)熟记结果状语从句连词
so...that...,such...that...
例句感知:
I'm so fluent in English that there is no trouble communicating with local people.
我的英语说得很流利,与当地人交流毫无障碍。
(2)注意
在so...that...和such...that...结构中,so为副词,后面跟形容词或副词,而such为限定词,后面只能跟名词或名词性短语。
so that 与 so...that ....的区别: so that 引导目的状语从句
例句感知:
He set an alarm clock so that he could cathch up the bus.
翻译:_________________________________________________________________
【7.方式状语从句】
(1)熟记方式状语从句连词
as,just as,as if,as though
例句感知:
As the saying goes, when in Rome do as the Romans do.
正如谚语所说,在罗马就要按照罗马人那样去做。(入乡随俗)
(2)注意
as if,as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况,常用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气遵循以下三个原则:
对现在的虚拟:从句谓语用 一般过去时
对过去的虚拟:从句谓语用 过去完成时
对将来的虚拟:从句谓语用 would/could/ might do
例句感知:
He talked about Rome as if he had been there before.
他谈论起罗马,就好像他曾经去过一样。(实际以前没去过)
She is chasing the butterflies on the field as if she were an happy angel.
她在原野上追蝴蝶,就好像是一个快乐的天使。
【8.比较状语从句】
(1)熟记比较状语从句连词
as...as...,not as/so...as,比较级+than
例句感知:
He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class.
他学习和班上其他人一样努力。
(2)注意
可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义:比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词/ 否定词+比较级
例句感知:
He is taller than any other boy in the class.
他是班里最高的男生。
I can not agree with you more.
我再同意你不过了。
【9.目的状语从句】
(1)熟记目的状语从句连词
so that,in order that,for fear that(以防),in case (that)
例句感知:
He spare no effort to study in order that he will have more choices in the future。
他不遗余力地学习,为的是未来能有更多选择。
(2)注意
从句中常用may,might,can,could,should等情态动词。
专项训练
一、单项选择
1.________ sharing economy can make use of resources more conveniently and cost-efficiently, the approach has become popular in society.
A.Unless B.Because C.If D.Although
2.________ we had lost a lot in the earthquake, warm moments gave us hope for the future.
A.Until B.Even though C.As though D.Before
3.I am determined to get a ticket for the concert ______ it means standing in a line all night.
A.now that B.even though C.as if D.so that
4.It is a good idea to put your goals ______ you can see them.
A.when B.if C.how D.where
5.______ there was not as much homework as I ______, it was still challenging.
A.Though; was used to B.Although; used to
C.Yet; was used D.However; had before
6.I have to work hard ________I can keep up with my classmates.
A.so…that B.in order to C.so as to D.so that
7.Engaging in sports offers a sense of accomplishment especially ______ new skills are mastered or personal bests are achieved.
A.while B.whether C.why D.when
8.I run along the road every morning ______ the weather is bad.
A.while B.after C.if D.unless
9.They went on working_________ it was late at night.
A.even if B.as if C.however D.as though
10.In our class, everybody is well taken care of, no matter_______ his position (is).
A.who B.where C.how D.what
二、语法填空
11.Los Angeles is such an attractive place_______everyone likes to visit it.
12.Though _______(treat) unfairly in the new company, Shelly always kept a positive mind. 13.The Great Wall is _______well-known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year.
14.I developed _______ a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it.
15.There is a discount for the cost of the 6week English course _______ (provide) that you pay in advance.
16.Many students lost marks in the exam simply _______ they didn’t read the questions carefully.
17.A change, no matter _______ badly it is needed, doesn’t just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible.
三、完成句子
18.Soldiers never gave in____________________________(不论敌人多么强大).
19.无论什么时间,你到了那儿就给我打电话。
Call me when you get there, ____________________________.
20._____________________, you become so absorbed with something that you are unaware of time passing.
当你忘记时间时,你就变得如此专注于某件事,以至于你没有意识到时间的流逝。
21.这个项目如此成功学生们还在一次大型的国际性比赛中获得第二名。
The project was ______________ successful ______________the students won second prize in a big international competition.
22.尽管我们的爱好各不相同,但我们还是好朋友。(even if/even though引导的让步状语从句)
__________________________________________, we’re still great friends.
23.正因为雪下得很大我才待在家里。(强调句型)
___________________________________ I stayed at home.
24.为了学好该国的语言,我们应该了解这个国家以及它的文化。(so that)
We should learn about the country as well as its culture________________________________ .
25.在她的鼓舞下,我学会了在遇到困难时不轻易承认失败。
_____________________ , I have learnt ____________________________ . (分词短语作状语)
26.虽然她每天工作时间很长,但她仍抽空做家务并花时间陪我。
______________, she finds time to do housework and spends time with me. (状语从句)
27.这是一个必去的地方,你到那里的时候,你会爱上它。(such...that...)
It’s __________________________________________ when you go there.
28.只要有节日存在,人们之间就会多些理解,少些抱怨,社会就会更加和谐。 (as long as引导状语从句)
_____________________people will understand more and _____________________ , and the society will be more harmonious.
29.他是一个意志非常坚定的人。无论遇到什么麻烦,他都不会放弃。(让步状语从句)
He is a very determined man. _____________________ he never gives up.
30.我每次去北京,都会去参观长城。(each time)
____________________________ I would visit the Great Wall.
31.阅读很重要,因为它能增加我们的词汇量并拓宽我们的知识面。(as引导原因状语从句)
Reading is very important .
32.____________________________ (每次我遇到困难时), I turn to him for help.
33.即使这个问题很难解决,我也没有放弃,因为我坚信“有志者,事竟成”。
_____________________ , I didn’t give it up because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way”.
34.Tell me the address _____________________(以便) I can go and see her.
35.Give it a try, ______________ (万一) you have a talent for it!
四、翻译
36.我对周围的世界充满好奇,因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。
____________________________________________________________________________
37.虽然我们相隔很远,但我们立刻联系上了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
38.尽管我的新生活充满了挑战,但我还是对未来充满信心。(challenge, have confidence in)
_____________________________________________________________________________
39.当我们被告知我们获得第一名的时候,我们非常激动以至于开始唱歌跳舞。(so…that…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
40. 我的建议是,如果你想上你理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
1.B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:因为共享经济可以更方便、更经济地利用资源,所以这种方法在社会中已经变得很流行。A. Unless除非;B. Because因为;C. If如果;D. Although尽管。根据句意,此处需要一个表示因果关系的连词,because引导原因状语从句。故选B。
2.B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:尽管我们在地震中损失惨重,但温暖的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。A. Until 直到;B. Even though 尽管;C. As though 好像;D. Before在...前。分析句子可知,这里表示“尽管”我们在地震中损失惨重,所以应用Even though 引导让步状语从句。故选B项。
3.B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:我决心要买到音乐会的票,即使这意味着要通宵排队。A. now that既然;B. even though即使;C. as if好像;D. so that以便。结合语境可知,空格前后两句之间存在让步关系,即便需要通宵排队,也要决心买到票。因此,应使用even though来引导让步状语从句。故选B。
4.D
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意:把你的目标放在你能看到的地方是个好主意。A. when当……的时候;B. if如果;C. how如何;D. where在……的地方。设空处修饰前面的to put your goals作状语,表示地点,应用where连接地点状语从句。故选D。
5.A
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语。句意:虽然作业没有我习惯的那么多,但仍然具有挑战性。A. Though虽然;B. Although虽然;C. Yet然而;D. However然而。根据“ there was not as much homework as(作业与……一样多)”可知,前后两句为让步转折关系,空白处引导让步状语从句,排除D项;used to do sth含义为“过去常常做某事”,be used to doing sth的含义为“习惯于做某事”,根据“it was still challenging(但仍然具有挑战性)”可知,此处表示“习惯于”,故选A项。
6.D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:我必须努力学习,这样我才能跟上我的同学。A. so…that…如此……以至于……,引导结果状语从句;B. in order to为了,后接动词原形;C. so as to为了,后接动词原形;D. so that为了,引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。根据“I can keep up with my classmates.”可知,跟上同学是努力学习的目的,此处为目的状语从句。故选D。
7.D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:参加体育运动给人一种成就感,尤其是当掌握了新技能或达到个人最佳水平时。A. while当……时,尽管;B. whether是否;C. why为什么:D. when当……时。此空为连词引导的状语从句,结合句意可知,此处表示“当掌握了新技能或达到个人最佳水平时”,从句中的动作为短暂性动词,而while引导的时间状语从句中的动词应为延续性动词,所以此处使用when引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。
8.D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:除非天气不好,否则我每天早上都沿着这条路跑步。A. while当……时候;B. after在……之后;C. if如果;D. unless除非,如果不。本空引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”的含义,应用unless引导。故选D。
9.A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:即使很晚了,他们也继续工作。A. even if即使;B. as if好像;C. however无论如何;D. as though好像。引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”应用even if。故选A。
10.D
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:在我们班上,每个人都受到了很好的照顾,不管他的位置是什么。根据句意及no matter可知,这里考查no matter开头的让步状语从句,这里表示无论职位是“什么”,作be动词后的表语,所以应用what。故选D项。
11.that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:洛杉矶是一个非常有吸引力的地方,每个人都喜欢去参观。such...that...“如此……以至于……”,为固定句型,that引导结果状语从句。故答案是that。
12.treated
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然Shelly在新公司受到不公平的待遇,但她始终保持积极的心态。从句为though引导的让步状语从句,主、从句主语一致,且从句为一般过去时的被动语态,从句中有be动词,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是treated。故填treated。
13.so
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意:长城是一个如此闻名的旅游景点,每年都有很多游客来参观。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处是结果状语从句:so+adj.+名词+ that …,意为“如此……,以至于……”。故填so。
14.such
【详解】考查连词。句意:我对舞台设计产生了如此强烈的兴趣,以至于我意识到我想用我余生的时间来做这件事。分析句子结构,本句使用了“such a +名词+that”结构,表示“如此……的……”,符合句意,故填such。
15.provided/providing
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:如果你提前付款,6周的英语课程费用会有折扣。provided/providing that为固定搭配,意为“假如”,引导条件状语从句。故填provided/providing。
16.because
【详解】考查连词。句意:许多学生在考试中简单地丢了分,因为他们没有仔细阅读问题。分析句子结构和意思可知,两个句子之间是因果关系,第二句是原因,故用连词because。故填because。
17.how
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:无论多么迫切需要改变,它都不会自动发生。需要像我们这样的人来使之成为可能。“how”表示“多么”,修饰形容词或副词,此处修饰副词“badly”。no matter how不管怎样,引导让步状语从句。故填 how。
18.no matter how strong the enemy was/however strong the enemy was
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:不论敌人多么强大,士兵们从不屈服。根据句意,表示“不论敌人多么强大”应是让步状语从句,表示“不论多么……”应用no matter how或者however引导从句,表示“强大”用形容词strong,所以,表示“无论多么强大”应为no matter how strong或者however strong,表示“敌人”应为the enemy作主语,看作整体,谓语动词用单数,由gave可知,用一般过去时,结合句意可知,此处省去了谓语动词。故填no matter how/however strong the enemy was。
19.no matter what the time is
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。中英文对比可知缺少“无论什么时间”,使用 no matter 加特殊疑问词引导让步状语从句,结合句子语意,“时间”是the time,结合前文的Call和get,可知句子时态是一般现在时,系动词用is,疑问词应用what在句中作表语。故填no matter what the time is。
20.When you lose track of time
【详解】考查时间状语从句和动词短语。对比中英文可知,空处表示“当你忘记时间时”,可用when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”,主语“你”用代词you,“忘记时间”可用动词短语lose track of time,结合“become”可知,从句时态应用一般现在时,且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填When you lose track of time。
21. so that
【详解】考查固定搭配:根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知,需翻译部分是“如此……以至于”,为固定搭配:so...that...。故填①so,②that。
22.Even if/Even though we have different hobbies
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”应用even if/even though;主语为we;表示“爱好各不相同”为have different hobbies,此处为主将从现。首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though we have different hobbies。
23.It was because it snowed heavily that
【详解】考查强调句型,时态和从句。结合stayed可知句子使用一般过去时,“因为”使用because引导原因状语从句,使用it作主语,表示天气,“下雪”使用动词snow,“很大”使用副词heavily,本句使用强调句型“It was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”,本句中被强调部分是原因状语从句,故填It was because it snowed heavily that。
24.so that we can learn its language well
【详解】考查目的状语从句和动词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,空处应用连词so that“以便,为了”引导的目的状语从句,在该从句中,主语“我们”we,使用情态动词can表示“能够”,后接动词原形形式,表示“学好该国的语言”应为动词短语learn its language well。故填so that we can learn its language well。
25. Inspired by her not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties
【详解】考查非谓语动词和从句。“鼓励”表达为inspire,题干要求用分词作状语,inspire和逻辑主语I之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,介词by引出施动者her;“学会(不)做某事”表达为learn (not) to do sth.,“承认失败”用动词短语acknowledge defeat表达,此处用其不定式作宾语;“在遇到困难时”可处理为when引导的时间状语从句,从句主语为I,“遇到”可用动词encounter表达,作谓语,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是I,谓语动词用原形,宾语“困难”表达为difficulties,可数名词复数表泛指。综上,故填①Inspired by her;②not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties。
26.Though she works long hours daily
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“虽然”应用though引导让步状语从句;主语为she;表示“每天工作时间很长”为work long hours daily;根据后文finds可知为一般现在时。故填Though she works long hours daily。
27.such a must-see place that you’ll fall in love with it
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“一个必去的地方”和“你会爱上它”。按照要求,此处使用固定句型such...that...“如此……以至于……”,such后接名词,that引导结果状语从句。表示“一个必去的地方”用a must-see place,作表语。that引导结果状语从句中:表示“你”用you,作主语;表示“爱上”用固定短语fall in love with,事情发生在将来,故时态用一般将来时;表示“它”用it,作宾语。故填such a must-see place that you’ll fall in love with it。
28. As long as there are festivals complain less
【详解】考查条件状语从句。分析句子和句意,空处①表示“只要有节日存在”,结合题目要求,可用连词as long as引导的条件状语从句来表达;根据主句谓语“will understand”和“will be”及句意可知,主将从现,从句应用一般现在时,there be句型,句首字母大写,故该句可译为As long as there are festivals;空处②表示“抱怨(complain)”,与“understand”为并列谓语动词,一般将来时,省略will,故应用动词原形,副词less作状语修饰complain,应译为complain less。故空①填As long as there are festivals;空②填complain less。
29.Whatever trouble he meets,
【详解】考查状语从句。根据句意和提示,表示“无论遇到什么麻烦”应为让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”应为whatever引导让步状语从句,表示“困难”应为trouble,所以,表示“无论什么困难”应为whatever trouble至于句首,其中whatever修饰名词trouble,whatever的首字母需大写,表示“遇到”应为meet,根据主句中的谓语动词gives up可知,此处应为一般现在时,主语he为第三人称单数,所以该句的谓语动词应为meets,所以,“无论遇到什么麻烦”应为Whatever trouble he meets,用逗号与主句隔开。故填Whatever trouble he meets,。
30.Each time I went to Beijing
【详解】考查时间状语从句。翻译“我每次去北京的时候”可以使用“each time”引导时间状语从句,根据主句“I would visit the Great Wall.”可知,“each time”引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时,主语“我”为“I”,“去北京”为“go to Beijing”,故填Each time I went to Beijing。
31.as it can increase our vocabulary and broaden our knowledge
【详解】考查as引导原因状语从句。句意:主语“它”为“it ”,指代reading,“能”为“can”,“增加”为“ increase”,“我们的词汇量”为“our vocabulary”,“并”为“and”,“拓宽”为“broaden”,“我们的知识面”为“our knowledge”,使用as引导原因状语从句,故填as it can increase our vocabulary and broaden our knowledge。
32.Each time I come across a difficulty
【详解】考查时间状语从句、动词短语和时态。句意:每次我遇到困难,我都向他求助。根据汉语意思提示以及句子结构可知,此处为Each time“每次”引导的时间状语从句,句子用一般现在时,在该从句中,表示“遇到”应为动词短语come across;表示“困难”为名词difficulty。故填Each time I come across a difficulty。
33.Even though the problem was difficult to solve
【详解】考查时态,让步状语从句和固定句型。根据didn’t和believed可知,该句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。“即使”可翻译为even though,表示“某事是……”应用固定句型“主语+adj.+to do”,“这个问题很难解决”可翻译为the problem was difficult to solve。句首单词首字母应大写,故填Even though the problem was difficult to solve。
34.so that
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意:告诉我地址,我好去看她。“以便”是so that,引导目的状语从句,故填so that。
35.in case
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意:试试看,万一你有这方面的天赋呢!根据汉语提示可知,空处需要固定短语in case“如果,万一”,此处引导条件状语从句。故填in case。
36.I’m curious about the world around me because I think that curiosity is the best teacher.
【详解】考查固定短语、原因状语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知,此句描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。表示“对……好奇”应用固定短语be curious about;表示“周围的世界”应用固定短语the world around me;表示“因为”应用连词because,引导原因状语从句;表示“我认为”应用I think;表示“好奇心”应用名词curiosity;表示“是”应用is,主语为curiosity,谓语动词为单数;表示“最好的老师”应用the best teacher,作表语。表示“我认为好奇心是最好的老师”应用I think that curiosity is the best teacher,that引导think的宾语从句,that无意义,只起引导作用,也可以省略。故可翻译为I’m curious about the world around me because I think that curiosity is the best teacher。
37.Even though we’re far apart, we connected instantly.
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。根据句意可知,用even though引导让步状语从句。从句陈述现在的事实,所以用一般现在时,“我们相隔很远”译为 we’re far apart,主句“我们立刻联系上了”描述过去的事情用一般过去时,译为we connected instantly.故答案为Even though we’re far apart, we connected instantly.
38.Although my new life is full of challenges, I have confidence in the future.
【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。“尽管”可使用连词although在句中引导让步状语从句,“我的新生活”可翻译为my new life,在句中作主语,为单数形式,“充满了”可使用固定短语be full of,“挑战”可翻译为challenge,为可数名词,此处表示复数的含义,应使用其复数形式。“我充满信心”可翻译为I have confidence in sth.,“未来”可翻译为the future,根据语境可知,该句陈述一般事实,可使用一般现在时。故翻译为:Although my new life is full of challenges, I have confidence in the future.。
39.When we were told that we got the first place, we were so excited that we began to sing and dance.
【详解】考查结果状语从句及时间状语从句。分析句子可知,整个句子是一个大的时间状语从句,其中主句部分包含一个小的程度状语从句。“第一名”翻译为the first place,“唱歌跳舞”翻译为sing and dance。so...that之间应该添加形容词或副词,根据题意,这里应该添加的是“激动”,翻译为excited。句子陈述过去发生的事情,整个句子应该使用一般过去时,故可翻译为When we were told that we got the first place, we were so excited that we began to sing and dance.
40.My advice is that you should study hard from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
【详解】考查时态、表语从句和条件状语从句。用一般现在时描述现在的情况,主句主语My advice为单数,后跟that引导表语从句(that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用),表语从句为虚拟语气,谓语应用“(should)+动词原形”;study hard (努力学习),from now on (从现在开始),if引导条件状语从句,want to do sth. (想要做某事),go to your ideal university (上你理想的大学),再根据其他汉语提示,故翻译为:My advice is that you should study hard from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
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