2024-2025学年初升高英语衔接专题三：名词性从句 导学案

专题三 名词性从句 I． 定义 在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括___________、____________ 、________和 _____________。 II． 引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句 的引导词 对应的句子 类型 作　用 连词______________ 对应陈述句 在从句中不作成分, 没有含义 连词______________ 对应一般疑问句 在从句中不作成分, 意为“是否” 连接代词_____ ______ _________ ____________ ________ _____________ ____________ ____________ 对应特殊疑问句 ______ _______在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。which译为“________”，必须有明确的选择范围才可使用 __________在从句中作定语, 后面与名词连用; who在从句中作_____、_______或______; whom在从句中作_______ 连接副词 ______ ________ _______ ________ 在从句中作状语。(在句中都有相应含义) IV. 名词性从句的种类及用法 （1） 主语从句 1. 主语从句是在复合句中充当______的从句，常放在主句_________之前或由形式主语_______代替。 (他在事故中幸存)____________________________________ is a wonder. = （It形式主语）_____________________________________________ 2. 常用it 作形式主语的结构 ①It+be+____________(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/ important/certain等)+that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. ②It+be+________________ (a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句 It is a pity that you didn’t come yesterday, ③It+be+___________________(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句 It is reported that over 100 people died in the earthquake. ④It+__________________(happens, matters)+that从句 It happened that she wasn’t at home. 【注意】在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中, 从句用“(should+)动词原形”。 建议学生在英语学习中要多多实践。__________________________________________ 3.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用__________ __________ _____________________________________________________你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。 __________________________________________________你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。 （2） 宾语从句 宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在______________或_____________后 1.作动词的宾语 I heard ______________ he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 She did not know ____________ had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。  She told me___________ she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。 2.作介词的宾语，如： Our success depends upon_______ well we can cooperate with one another. 3.作形容词的宾语，一般是表示人心情或情绪的形容词 I am afraid ___________I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。 4. it作形式宾语。 在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。 I find ______ necessary______ we should spend more time practicing spoken English.我发现我们应花更多时间练习英语口语。 【特别提示】 1．宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用________语序。如： He asked me _____ _______ _____set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 2．宾语从句的时态 (1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是_________。如： She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk． (从句是一般将来时) She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei． (从句是现在完成时) (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般______________。 He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon． (从句是一般过去时) He said that he was going to take care of the baby． (从句是过去将来时) (3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用____________。如： The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it． He said that light__________(travel) much faster than sound． [考题印证]　Scientists study __________ human brains work to make computers. A．when B．how C．that D．whether （3） 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，可以接表语从句的连系动词有______动词，_______，_______，______等。 常见的表语从句句型: (1)______________________. . . 好像……; 仿佛…… (2)_____________________________ 这是因为…… (3)____________________________ . . ……的原因是…… (4)_____________________________ 那就是……的原因 (5)_____________________________ 问题是…… (6)______________________________________________ 他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是…… [考题印证]　The reason for Tom's failure in the exam was __________ he didn't work hard. A．why B．because C．whether D．that （4） 同位语从句 1. 同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于_____之后，说明该名词的_______________。这些名词常见的有___，_____，______，______，______，_______，_____，________，_______，______等。________, ________, ________, ________, _________等名词的同位语从句需用“(should＋)动词原形”。 Yangliwei, China’s first astronaut, graduated from No.8 Aviation College. 对一名词在内容上进行补充说明的句子成分叫做同位语。 再比如：I’ll buy my father a gift, an imported computer. 其中的“an imported computer”就是“a gift”的同位语。 并不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，能跟同位语从句的是一些抽象名词。例如：idea, news, fact, promise, hope, belief, advice, suggestion, possibility, view, opinion, feeling, assumption（假设）, message, proposal, evidence, proof（证据）, question, doubt等等。 当名词含有疑问或怀疑的不确定意义时，常用疑问代词和疑问副词引导同位语从句；当名词不含有疑问或怀疑的不确定意义时常用that引导同位语从句。例如： ⑴. She had a feeling ___________she was being watched. ⑵. At the meeting she raised a question __________the project would be completed. ⑶．There is some doubt ________________ the project can be completed within three months. 2. 连词that引导同位语从句时，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用_________语序。 They expressed the hope ______ we would go and visit Shanghai again． The student asked me the question _______ the book was worth reading． 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作_____或______，而同位语从句中的that是连词，起______________作用，不充当句中任何成分。 2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是_____________，不涉及先行词的具体内容；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是_____________________________________。 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.( ) 从句 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（ ）从句 [考题印证]　Modern science has given clear evidence __________ smoking can lead to many diseases. A．what B．which C．that D．where 练习：找出下列句子中所含的从句，并用正确的符号标出来。 1. I’m surprised at what you said. 2. He asked the driver when the bus would leave. 3. Who will take place of Mr. Brown is still unknown. 4. The fact is that all of them lied in the test. 5. He came up with a idea that we hired someone to drive for us. 6. We are shocked at the news that he died of an accident. 7. Whichever you choose will make no difference to me. 8. Who can tell me how I can lose weight? 9. I wonder whether you mind me using your computer? 10. I have decided where I will go for a trip this summer. 11. When the meeting should be held is discussed now. 12. Pay attention to what the teacher said. 13. I didn’t realized how important the book was until I lost my first job. 14. Whether we will go for a picnic depends on the weather. 15. What was written in the history is untrue sometimes. 16. Nobody knows why he refused others’ help. 17. It seemed as if the country was covered with pink snow. 18. It is well-known that Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages in the world. 19. Whatever he did couldn’t win her love back. 20. It remains unknown where the amber room has gone. 21. When I left the house , I remembered the key. 22. The movie that we saw last week was very good. 23. I heard that your class took the first place in the relay race 24. They are talking about when they can put on the play. 25. What he told us was of great value. 26. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 27. One Problem was how many guests we should invite. 28. It looks as if it was going to rain. 29. The boss made a promise that he would gave us a rise soon. 30. Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Gaudi was a modern architect. V. 名词性从句的注意事项 1．whoever，whatever，whichever引导的从句。 (1)whoever相当于____________，表明泛指关系，表示“______________________”。 ___________________________________will be punished.无论是谁违反法律都将受到惩罚。 (2)whatever相当于____________，表示“____________________________”。 ______________________________________must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切都要保密。 (3)whichever意为“______________________”。既可指__，也可指___；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。 [考题印证]　__________the forest should be punished. A．Anyone sets fire to B．Whoever sets fire to C .Who sets fire to D．One sets fire to 2．that与what的区别; that在从句中_____________________； what可以在从句中____________________________意思是__________________________。如： The hope that he may recover is not gone yet． (that不充当成分，也无含义) What he said proved to be true． (what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“……的话”) 1) __________ he came late made the teacher angry. 2) I hear ____________she has gone abroad. 3) It is amazing ____________ he still composed music, even if he was deaf. 4) The fact is ____________ I’ve never been there. 5) We all share the belief ____________ diligence leads to success. 6)We talked about __________ caused the tree to die. 7)Please pay attention to ___________ he is saying. 8). I wonder __________ work you are doing. (which不可用！) 9）I don’t know impresses him about her painting. 10）I think ____ the colors he uses impress me most. 11）The exhibition tells us _____ we should do something to stop air pollution. 12） The exhibition tells us ______ we should do to stop air pollution. 13）David Beckham has _____ it takes to become a professional football player. 14）I know _____ it takes efforts and time to become a professional football player. Compare: I don’t know what what he said at the meeting meant. It is said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. 3. ①当名词性从句由一般疑问句转变而来时，用_______\_______引导，表示“是否”，注意它们在从句中不作任何成分，且从句中要将疑问句语序转换为陈述句语序。 ②whether/if 一般跟在doubt, wonder, want to know, have no idea等之后。如： I wonder whether/if you will like my English class. ③if 的使用范围小于whether。 ① whether可以引导所有的名词性从句，词义是：“是否”。 ② if通常只引导动词后的宾语从句，而不能引导其它的名词性从句(其它情况用whether)。③or not 只能与whether连用 当it做形式主语时，if可以代替whether引导主语从句。 if 表示“是否”时，仅用于动词后面的宾语从句中. We don’t know __________ he will sleep in class tomorrow. We don’t know __________ he will sleep in class tomorrow or not. __________ he will sleep in class tomorrow is unknown. I have no idea __________ he will sleep in class tomorrow. I wonder ___________she needs help. ____________ we can interview him is still unknown. Everything depends on __________we have experience. What we wonder is_________ the poem was written by him. It is still a question _____________the new comer is able to finish his task ahead of schedule. 4. 疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别 “疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导____________也可引导_________，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能用来引导____________。 The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。 Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。 [考题印证]　At the evening party the host said __________ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward. A．whoever B．who C．no matter who D．whomever 【名词性从句巩固练习】 一．用适当的连接词填空 1. We can learn _______ we do not know. 2. I think it necessary _______ you should read English aloud. 3. The teacher asked _______ we had finished the experiment. 4. I didn’t catch up with the train. That was _______ I missed the bus. 5. My problem is _______ I can go there, by train or by bus. 6. He doesn’t know _______ the post office is. 7. The question is _______ we will have our sports meet next week. 8. I don’t know _______ they are looking for. 9. The reason _______ he came late was that he missed the bus. 10. The young man with long hair looks _________ he were a girl. 11.________ he once lived was well preserved. 12._______ was responsible for the accident is not known yet. 13.I don’t know ______he left so abruptly(突然). 14.It is natural _______ we have different opinions on the matter. 15.______ he will come back depends on the means of transport he uses. 16.It’s a pity _________ you can’t swim. 17.________ he comes or not is none of my business. 18._________ he said at the meeting is very important. 19.Have ________ you like in the restaurant. It is my treat.(我请客) 20._________ breaks the rules must be punished. 21.We will never doubt ________ he is honest. 22.I am so glad ________ you’ve won the first prize in the competition. 23.I don’t care ________much money you have made. 24.It rained heavily this morning. That’s ________ I was late for work. 25.I gave in to my sister. That’s ________ she was so stubborn that nobody could change her mind. 26.It is reported _________ a new school will be built in our town. 27._________ she looks like surprises us. 28.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. It is not _______it used to be. 29.A new city will be built in ________ used to be wasteland(荒原). 30.When he woke up, he found himself lying on _________ seemed to be a huge rock, actually, it was the back of a huge dinosaur. 31.Tell me _________ room Henry Adams lives in. 32.They haven’t decide _________ the party will be held, at home or in the open air. 二. 单句改错 1. We think important that every citizen should obey the traffic rules. 　 2. That we were interested in was whether they managed to control the pollution here. 　　　　 3. We finally reached what the temple stood. 　 4. The members of his family are proud of that he has achieved in the past three years. 　 5. What the children want to do today is that they once did. 6. Several modern buildings are being built in where used to be a market. 　 7. The telephone is ringing. Answer it to see whoever is calling. 　　　　　 8. The reason for his success is because he worked very hard. 三. 根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. We _______ _______ _______ that he told a lie to everyone. 我们认为他对大家撒谎是错误的。 2. He asked _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 他问谁能回答这个问题。 3. His trouble is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 他的麻烦是他去哪儿能找到一份新工作。 4. We are worried about _______ _______ _______ _______. 我们担心他是否安全。 5. It looks _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 看起来天要下雨。 四． 用名词性从句翻译下列句子。 1. 每个人都知道钱不是树上长出来的。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 请告诉我这棵树多高。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3.这本书会告诉你接下来该做什么。 _____________________________________________________________________4.真遗憾你没看过这部电影。 ____________________________________________________________________ 5.我听不懂你在说什么。 _____________________________________________________________________ 五. 单项填空 1. (重庆模拟)Life is　　　happens to you while you’re busy making other plans. A. which　 B. where　 C. what　 　D. when 2. The reasonwhy I didn’t go to Shanghai was　　　I got a new job in Beijing. A. that B. why C. which D. because 3. 　　　surprised me most was　　　such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; which D. What; which 4. (温岭模拟)If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention, that is　　　 you have to stop studying too hard and to have a rest. A. because B. whether C. when D. what 5. (浙大附中模拟)I remember well that is　　　he parked his car that night. A. where B. why C. in which D. when 6. (原创)Stone is strong and can not be rotten. That is　　　stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. A. why B. because C. that D. what 7. At that time, it seemed　　　I couldn’t think of the right word to comfort her broken heart. A. even though B. as if C. which D. so that 8. His success was because of　　　he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 9. (宁波模拟)Anyone who applies for the position must meet the requirement 　　　he or she should have a good command of English. A. which B. whether C. how D. that 10. Three days later, word came　　　our country had sent up another man-made satellite. A. which B. when C. that D. where 11. (桐乡模拟)Evidence came up　　　specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A. what B. which C. that D. whose 12. I have no idea　　　or not he has finished the papers assigned by our teacher. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 13. News has been put forward　　　more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. when C. that D. as 14. 　　　　is a fact　　　　quite a few people in China are growing rich on their hard work. A. It; that B. It; which C. This; that D. That; that 15. (成都模拟)　　　is known to us all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. A. It B. What C. As D. That 【变式题】 We thought ______ strange that Tom didn’t come to school yesterday. 16. 　　　the PX project will be called off depends, for it still needs more research and discussion. A. That B. Whether C. Where D. What 【变式题】_____ is going to do the job will be decided by the Party. A. That B. Why C. How D. Who 17. 　　　made his mother angry that the boy didn’t take medicine. A. It B. What C. That D. Which[来源:学科网] ( 挑 战 高 考 )18. It is uncertain　　　side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 19. Eating is so important to Chinese　　　we have the term “food culture”. But recent reports have the public worried about　　　is on our tables. A. what; that B. which; that C. that; which D. that; what 20. You can’t imagine　　　　when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 21. 　　　　is expected, according to the online survey, is　　　　the price of housing will not go up any more. A. As; what B. It; that C. What; that D. What; which 22. They discussed　　　they could settle the problem without others’ help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 23. We should get prepared for dealing with　　　　problems arise from our work and life. A. any B. whichever C. whatever D. however 24. It was not until dark　　　he found　　　he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that 25. (2014·合肥模拟)If you wake up at 3: 00 a. m. , don’t count sheep. Instead, focus on 　　you can feel and touch. A. that B. how C. whether D. what 挑战高考 第一组 1.（北京）The best moment for the football star was ___________ he scored the winning goal. 2.（北京） Some people believe __________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 3.（山东） It is difficult for us to imagine _________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 4.（湖南）As John Lennon once said, life is _________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 5.（四川）Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ That’s ___________, I was born.” 6.（全国）Exactly __________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 7.（天津） I think __________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 8.（重庆）--- Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday ? --- Yeah, but I have no idea ______ he did it ; that’s one of his favorite universities. 9.（福建）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do. 第二组 1. （重庆）We must find out __________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 2. （福建）---I wonder ___________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. --- By working out every day. 3. （湖南）You have to know _____ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 4. （安徽）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not __________ ships are built for. 5. （北京）I truly believe __________ beauty comes from within. 6. （北京）___________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 7. （陕西）Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ___________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 8. （四川）The exhibition tells us ___________ we should do something to stop air pollution. 9. （浙江）If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate __________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 第三组 1. （全国Ⅰ卷）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live .___________ 2. （全国Ⅰ卷）We now realize ___________ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children. 3. （全国Ⅱ卷）The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. 4. （全国Ⅱ卷）Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. _________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 5. （全国Ⅱ卷）The journey was intended to achieve more than _________ Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 6. （北京卷）Your support is important to our work, __________ you can do helps.[来源:学科网ZXXK] 7. （北京卷）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ___________ one can be entirely free from dust. 8. （天津卷）The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 9. （江苏卷）It is often the case _________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 第四组：改错 1. It has been proved when eating vegetables helps build up strength. 2. That he did impressed me a lot. 3. I’ll help who is in need of help most. 4. Could you show me what the nearest hospital is ? 5. Could you tell me what I can solve the problem. 6. He believed that he was right and his brother was wrong. 7. I appreciate that if you help me with the harvest. 8. I don’t doubt it Shenzhou X will be launched successfully. 9. See the trees on the top of the mountain? That was how we did this morning. 10. Our hometown is not that it used to be five years ago. 11. He was lazy and stubborn. That’s because he couldn’t succeed in achieving anything. 12. The shop is when the two roads meet. 13. My doubt is that he can recover from the disease. 14. There is some doubt among people that $749 is too much for an iPhone4. 15. A rumor goes where another big earthquake will strike Wen-chuan. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$