2024-2025学年初升高英语衔接专题一 ：句子成分和句子结构导学案

专题一 句子成分和句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。 即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。 1. 主语（Subject）：是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当 于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。例如： 练习：找出下列句子的主语 1）Mr. Chen is an English teacher. 2）He teaches English in No. 5 Middle School. 3）To be a good teacher is not easy. 4）The accused was sentenced to death． 5）Her beloved died in the war. 6）What he said is reasonable. 7）It is necessary for me to learn English well. 8）It is clear that he doesn’t like me. 9） During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 10）We often speak English in class. 11）One-third of the students in this class are girls. 12）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 13）Smoking does harm to the health. 14）The rich should help the poor. 15）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 16）It is necessary to master a foreign language. 17）It is no use talking with him again. 18）It is important that we should learn English well. 19）Whether he will help us is unknown. 20）That we learn English well is very important. 2、谓语 (Verb)：是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里的主要词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须保持一致。例如： 练习：找出下列句子的谓语动词： 1) I am writing to ask for your help. 2) He told me the truth. 3) He went to the market and bought some eggs. 4) We have argued each other. 5) Posts shouldn’t give out personal information. 6) The experts will reply to you. 7) I will try talking with my parents. 8) Kate describes her senior high school as tiring. 3、表语(Predictive)：是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。例如： 练习：找出下列句子的表语： 1) Our teacher of English is an American. 2) We should keep healthy. 3) The weather has turned cold. 4) The speech seems exciting. 5) His job is to teach English. 6) The fish tastes salty. 7) The machine must be out of order. 8) His mother remains young. 9) The truth is that he has never been abroad. 10) My question is how we get enough money. 11) Mr. Chen is an English teacher. 12) He teaches English in No. 5 Middle School. 13) To be a good teacher is not easy. 14) What he said is reasonable. 15) It is necessary for me to learn English well. 16) It is clear that he doesn’t like me. 4、宾语（Object）：是表示动作行为的对象。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。例如： 注意：后面可以跟双宾的动词：give/show/make/buy/offer/pass/bring/lend/sell 练习：找出下列句子的宾语： 1) They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. 2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3) I have five dictionaries. 4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5) He pretended not to see me. 6) He believes it important to learn English. 7) I enjoy listening to popular music. 8) I think（that）he is fit for his office. 9) I wondered why he was late this morning. 10) I doubted whether he would come here on time. 11) I understand that they’re trying to protect me from getting hurt. 12) I consider it impossible to finish the task within two hours. 13) He often helps me. 14) We study English at school. 15) I wish to be a good teacher. 16) We enjoy sharing their work experience． 17) We seldom realize that many plants actually come from countries far away． 18) I find it hard to learn English. 19) He bought me a new bike. 20) My mother made me a new coat. 判断下列复合句中从句的类型： 1） What he said at the meeting is right. 2） Mary asked what he said at the meeting. 3） The question is what he said at the meeting. 4） Why she was angry made me confused. 5） I don’t know why she was angry. 6） That he is clever is clear.. 7） It is clear that he is clever. 8） I wonder how she will finish the task within two hours. 9） What made us excited was that our team had won the game. 10） I consider it important that we should learn English well. 11） The good news is that he has passed the exam. 5、宾语补足语(Object complement)：是用来对宾语进行补充说明。作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）。例如： 后面可以跟宾补的动词： *接to do作宾补的动词：ask/ tell /invite /force /want /teach / wish /remind / warn/ get /help... *接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：make / have / let / hear /see / watch / notice... *接doing、done作宾补的动词：make /have / keep/ leave / hear /see / watch / notice ... *接n.作宾补的动词：call /name /think / find/ consider /believe... *接介词短语作宾补的动词：find / think /consider /keep /leave... *接adj.作宾补的动词：make / leave /keep / think / find / believe/consider... 练习：找出下列句子的宾语补足语： 1) His father named him Dongming. 2) They painted their boat white. 3) Let the fresh air come in. [来m] 4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5) We saw her entering the room. 6) We found everything in the lab in good order. [来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K] 7) We will soon make our city more beautiful. 8) I think my son clever. 9) We made him monitor. 10) He often makes his mother angry. 11) When he came to life, he found himself in hospital. 12) I heard her singing just now. 13) He had his hair cut yesterday. 14) The teacher told us to study hard. 6、定语(Attributive)：是用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等。 练习：找出下列句子的定语： 1) Guilin is a beautiful city. 2) China is a developing country. 3) There are thirty women teachers is our school. 4) His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 5) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 6) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 7) He is reading an article about how to learn English. 8) I like the book which my father bought me. 9) The woman who you saw just now is my mother. 10) The party held last night was a success. 11) The book lying on the teachers’ desk was bought by my father. 12) This is the school where I studied English ten years ago. 13) I can’t support his opinion on education. 14) Do you know the boy coming towards us? 15) The red bike is mine. 16) The book on the desk is mine. 17) The standing boy is Mike. 18) The boy standing under the tree is Tom. 19) Who is the boy blamed by Miss Li? 20) Would you like something to drink? 21) Will you attend the party to be held tomorrow? 22) What about the book your father bought you? 23) This is the desk whose leg is broken. 24) The girl who wears glasses is Mary. 25) He is always the first to get to the classroom. 7、状语(Adverbial)：是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、程度、原因、条件、方式等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等来充当状语。例 练习：找出下列句子中的状语： 1) How about meeting again at six? 2) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5）She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6）She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9）She works very hard though she is old. 10) I am taller than he is. 11）We are working hard. 12）She is very beautiful. 13）They had a meeting this afternoon. 14）He comes to study English every day. 15）He sings very well. 16）There are lots of sheep where I live. 17）When I was young, I dreamed of becoming a teacher. 18）I will buy you a new bike if you pass the exam. 19）I met Tom in Shanghai last year. 20）Although he was ill, he got to school as usual. 8.同位语（Appositive）：对名词做进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。例如: 练习;找出下列句子中的同位语： 1） I will help Mary, my best girl friend. 2） Mr Wang, our head teacher, is kind to us. 3） China, a developing country, is getting stronger and stronger. 4） The news that our team had won the game excited us. 5） Mao Zedong, a great leader, led the Chinese in founding the People’s Republic of China. 6） A student of mine, Mary, works hard at Chinese. 7） He asked me a question whether I liked English. 8） I can’t believe the fact that he stole my money. 9） I二、句子的基本结构 1）主语 + 动词 (S+V) She cried. She is swimming . My room is cleaned . 2)主语 + 系词 + 表语 (S+V+P) They are busy. He looks happy today. His mother remains young. 3）主语 + 动词 + 宾语 (S+V+O) She studies English . He looked at me . 4）主语 + 动词 + 间宾 + 直宾 (S+V+O+O) Mum bought me a new dress. He showed me many new stamps. 5）主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 (S+V+O+C) We asked him to come back. They invited me to go to the cinema. I found him swimming in the river at that time. We must keep our classroom clean. 6） 主语 + 动词 + 状语 （S+V+A） He succeeded in the end. He is studying in his room. My room is cleaned every day. He has left already. I will be helped at once. 7） 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 +状语 （S+V+O+A） I can’t help you now. He is doing his homework in his room. He lost the game because of his carelessness. She studies English at school. He looked at me angrily. 练习 指出下列句子的句型结构： 1. The students asked me many questions.来源:学科网ZXXK] 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. I find it hard to learn English. 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His dirty shoes were washed by his mother yesterday. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. I find English easy. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He believes it possible to finish the work in two hours. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. He made some dumplings yesterday. 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16.He asked me to stay in the room. 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 21.Tom showed me a new watch last night. 22. His being late made his teacher very angry. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$