英语（北京专用）-2024年新高二开学摸底考试卷

新高二开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、本试卷共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。 2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节， 30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Boyce is a farmer’s son and he can’t see the world. But today, compared with him, even a large number of normal people have fallen behind. Boyce was born 1 and his family was very poor. His father used to do farm work to support his family. When he was born, the neighbors even advised Boyce’s parents to give him up because they thought that he would grow up to become a burden to them. Luckily his parents 2 him and decided to take good care of him. As Boyce grew older, his father began to worry about his son’s 3 . There was no school in their village, so his father tried his best to let his son attend a special school for the blind in the nearby city. After years of hard work, Boyce graduated with 4 grades, which surprised everyone. His parents were also very happy with his performance. The boy was then encouraged to work harder at his studies. However, Boyce was again faced with 5 when he applied for entrance exams of colleges. He was not allowed to take the exams because of his physical disability. His request was 6 by many local colleges. Even then. Boyce didn’t give up. He applied for some foreign universities online and 7 became the first international blind student in a world-famous university. After graduation, Boyce received many job offers, but he 8 to return to his motherland to start his career. He set up Boycy Industries, which accepted and trained disabled people to produce eco-friendly products. He really brought 9 changes to both the disabled and the environment. Boyce is a great 10 for all of us. He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely. 1．A．deaf B．blind C．healthy D．lame 2．A．accepted B．received C．refused D．forgave 3．A．courage B．work C．luck D．education 4．A．complete B．excellent C．usual D．terrible 5．A．support B．protection C．difficulty D．competition 6．A．cared about B．turned down C．called on D．handed in 7．A．likely B．commonly C．hardly D．successfully 8．A．chose B．afforded C．forgot D．refused 9．A．traditional B．positive C．limited D．natural 10．A．researcher B．partner C．example D．talent 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A After college, I tried for six months to get a job, but my luck was bad. Finally, one day I was in a downtown coffee shop, 11 (bury) in the newspaper, and my luck began to change. A young woman sitting next to me asked 12 she could read my newspaper. I said OK and we started talking. She told me she worked in a huge advertising company and 13 (look) for an assistant at the moment. I told her I was interested in mass communication and had studied it for four years at the university. Within one week, I was her assistant. B In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department 14 (close) because of the war. 15 (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen 16 (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. C Since Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) discovered two deep holes in Guanghan, Sichuan in 1986, and 17 (dig) thousands of precious cultural relics with a history of about 3000 years, the Sanxingdui site has always been a 18 (mystery) existence. As the largest and best-preserved pre-Qin site in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, the Sanxingdui site is an important evidence for 19 (study) the Chinese civilization. This year, the six newly discovered holes 20 (expect) to further reveal the origin and formation process of Chinese civilization. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Often, there is a false idea that one must be “in-the-know” to truly appreciate artworks. However, fine art opens the door to everyone. Learning how to look at and understand artworks requires us to take the time to view, identify and think. Look at the Art As the first step, it’s necessary to take a moment to identify the artwork’s general features: ● Is it a painting, sculpture or craftwork? ● Does it appear chaotic (混乱的) or organized? ● Are the colors bright or soft? Identify the Art and Artist Knowing when or how the artwork was made and learning something about the artist can reveal more context. We all know the famous painting Guernica is a masterpiece created by Picasso in 1937. However, if we can find out Picasso composed the painting to reflect a bombing during the Spanish Civil War, we’ll know more about its anti-war meaning. Even if the historical context of an artwork is not obvious, knowing the year of its creation offers more context. Think About the Meaning Use what you observed in the first two steps to think about meanings the artwork could have. Consider what the title, the subjects, or the symbols meant to the artist when he or she created the artwork. What do the colors say about the artist, and how do they apply to the subjects in the art? For example, the owls in Lebo’s works represent wisdom, but why are they so brightly colored? In addition, ask how the art makes you feel. Many artists have specific meanings behind their art, but also encourage viewers to come up with their own explanations. Still, every explanation is not automatically correct, which is why the techniques described above are helpful in finding clues. The next time you’re admiring a work of art, keep these techniques in mind, and its meaning may unfold before your eyes. 21．What is the first step when viewing art? A．Doing some research on the artist. B．Being “in-the-know” about the work C．Identifying the work’s general features D．Knowing the year of an artwork’s creation 22．When thinking about the meaning of an artwork, you should ________. A．explain it freely B．choose a title for it C．describe it to the viewers D．ask how it makes you feel 23．The passage is probably written for ________. A．museum staff B．gallery visitors C．professional artists D．exhibition organizers B Steph put some flowers “borrowed” from her neighbour Mrs Robinson’s garden next to her cold breakfast and costly plates, and took a photo. She wanted to brighten the colours on her picture. Choosing a filter (滤镜), she noticed TrueBeauty downloaded before. Her picture looked perfect with that filter. She posted it on the social media for her 15k followers, hoping they would wish to have the same life as she showed. Then she threw away the food now that it was cold. Steph was surprised to get so few likes and so many negative comments. She looked again at the picture she had posted. Her picture showed a horrible breakfast with flies all over them and the flowers were dead. She tried to delete (删除) the photo, but she couldn’t. Just then, she received a message. Steph read: Dear User,I know that each of you truly cares about showing yourself. Are you as beautiful on the inside as on the outside? If you want your pictures to show the real you, it’s time to be as beautiful in real life as on your social media. Love, True BeautyPS. You can’t remove the filter or delete the pictures you posted using it. After the first time you use TrueBeauty, it will change all your photos from that moment on! Steph made her account private to hide the ugly pictures. She didn’t want to do anything if she couldn’t post photos of her life. With nothing to do, she went downstairs, past Mrs Robinson’s garden. She noticed the smell of the flowers for the first time. Lovely! Then she saw Mrs Robinson watering the plants. She offered to help. A couple of hours later, they were done with the work. Steph had enjoyed herself a lot. They took a picture, standing together in front of the roses and smiling. Later that evening Steph looked at the picture on her phone. She changed the colours a little bit. The roses looked beautiful anyway, with or without any changes. Nothing could improve the smiles on her and Mrs Robinson’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She posted this picture. It looked exactly the same online! She made her account public again and added some text to the photo: Beauty in the garden. 24．Why did Steph post the filtered picture online? A．To show off her life. B．To try out a new filter. C．To share her tasty breakfast. D．To teach photography skills. 25．What can we learn about TrueBeauty? A．It improves the ugly pictures. B．It calls on us to behave honestly. C．It advises us to hide comments. D．It cares about its users’ feelings. 26．How did Steph feel about gardening with Mrs Robinson? A．Uplifted. B．Confused. C．Confident. D．Lucky. 27．What would the author most possibly write next? A．Steph no longer posted her life on social media. B．Steph successfully removed the TrueBeauty app. C．Steph learned to improve her appreciation of beauty. D．Steph inspired her followers to value their inner self. C Hibernation is not just sleep. While we sleep, our brains fire up and become highly active; in hibernation, on the contrary, brain activity completely slows down. The body temperature of hibernating animals also drops, in some cases close to the freezing point. Cells (细胞) stop dividing and heart rate decreases to two beats per minute. Yet, once it’s time to wake up, hibernating animals come back to life without any significant side effects like freezing, muscle loss, or loss of bone density during the long winter months. The same, however, can’t be said about people who wake up from long-term medical comas (昏迷), or even those who have to stay in bed for long periods of time. Such people, just like astronauts in microgravity, would suffer from a wide range of side effects that come from not actively using their bodies. Scientists are therefore looking into hibernation research with the aim of developing ways to cause hibernation in future space astronauts. Recently, Kelly Drew, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry, has been rewarded for his research. The idea is that rather than having astronauts sit for months in a tiny Mars-bound capsule, consuming food, water and air, and gradually wasting away from not doing much in microgravity, a part of the crew members could be placed into hibernation. The hibernating astronauts wouldn’t need any food or water and could manage with much less air — yet they would wake up with their bones and muscles in a much better condition than those of their awake counterparts. “This research could be used to help future missions, from the extreme of medically caused hibernation for long term space missions, protecting astronauts from cabin fever, radiation, and much more,” he said. “It could also prove effective in preventing muscle and bone loss in zero gravity.” The state of hibernation could also help in the medical setting to help protect patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. “This could mean that patients who have suffered from a stroke or heart attack could be placed in medically caused hibernation until they can be transported to a hospital to receive care, which could significantly improve medical outcomes,” the scientist said. 28．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1? A．The working principles of hibernation. B．The unique features of hibernation. C．The major reasons for hibernation. D．The side effects of hibernation. 29．What does the underlined word “counterparts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Bones and muscles. B．Brains. C．Astronauts. D．Patients. 30．What will scientists probably do in the future research? A．Study hibernating animals in space missions. B．Find ways to put people into hibernation. C．Improve medical treatments for patients. D．Seek cures for life-threatening diseases. D Is Space Exploration Necessary? We see space exploration updates in the news almost every week now. This is great for those who want a future like in science fiction movies. On the other hand, some believe space exploration is not necessary because there are a few reasonable cons to it. So, read further to see what the space exploration pros and cons are. It’s true that space exploration technologies are costly and consume many resources. Only launching space exploration satellites takes at least $ 40 million per launch and can go for as much as $ 400 million. Analyzing some space exploration facts, we are aware that space exploring costs a lot. While the UN says $ 30 billion could end world hunger, NASA is being offered a lot every year. And this is a good argument for those who are against space exploration. While space exploration is highly important for learning about who we are, some are worried about what it can do to humanity. Countries can use their space crafts and satellites to collect information about other countries they’re in conflict with. Obviously, this can lead to tensions between countries and eventually to wars. Another issue that space exploration brings is that it poses a great danger for astronauts involved in it. Nasa mentions in an article how damaging cosmic (外太空的) radiation is for the human body because it can damage the nervous system both severely and in the long run. Besides, cosmic radiation sickness causes extreme tiredness, nausea (呕吐感), anorexia, and vomiting. From this point of view, space exploration does put our astronauts at great risks. However, preventive measures are taken, and their health is kept in check through intensive training and daily checkups. While all previously mentioned observations are very good and make great points, space exploration still has more benefits than negative effects. It allows us to develop our technologies, which are already advanced thanks to space exploration. Moreover, by exploring space, we can discover new resources that we could use to better our lives here on Earth. And another thing is certain as well: we couldn’t build a better future for our children without space exploration. 31．Why does the author show the amount of money spent on Space exploration in Paragraph 2? A．To show the disadvantage of space exploration. B．To prove space exploration is highly important. C．To criticize NASA for spending too much money. D．To call on more money to be spent to stop world hunger. 32．What does the underlined word “poses” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Avoids. B．Provides. C．Causes. D．Prevents. 33．What is the writer’s attitude towards “space exploration”? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Opposed. D．Neutral. 34．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To stress the importance of space exploration. B．To argue against the advance of space exploration. C．To show people’s concern about the astronauts’ health. D．To introduce the problems that space exploration brings to people. 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 35 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 36 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 37 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 38 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 39 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For most 12-year-olds, any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends, competing in sports, or playing video games. But Alejandro Buxton has another dream: making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall. The idea was inspired by his mother, who had to give up many of the scented candles she’d filled their home with after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies (过敏), causing her frequent headaches. So, in 2019, at just 9 years old, the boy started experimenting with making his own, mixing ingredients like soy and coconut waxes with essential oils. He called his first work “Jurassic Orange,” for its color and pleasant smell. Though his mother was a big fan, and the scent didn’t cause her head to ache, Buxton wanted to improve upon his work. Within the next few months, he’d developed a line of six uniquely scented candles. By the following year, during the worldwide lockdowns, he’d created his own online shop. Soon after, Alejandro began selling his products on his own website, “Smell of Love Candles,” where shoppers can find offerings with creative names like “Sage the Day!” and “Alexa, clean the house.” He also lists other products such as room sprays for sale. According to the site, his younger sister Valentina serves as assistant of operations while his mother takes the role of assistant to the CEO. Now, he is operating his business in a local mall as well. This past September, he opened a stand in D．C．’s Tysons Corner shopping center—making him the youngest leaseholder (承租人) at the mall. Besides inspiring fellow kids with his entrepreneurial spirit and talent, Alejandro is also a positive role model for giving back and making a difference: He donates a part of his profits to a local charity. With the experience and knowledge he’s gaining from running this business at such a young age, Alejandro hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business. 40．What is Alejandro’s dream? 41．Why did the boy come up with the idea? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. • Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age. 43．Among Alejandro’s qualities, which one do you think will be important for you? Why? (In about 40 words) 第二节(20 分) 假设你是红星中学学生会负责人李华。学校发起“减塑捡塑，共创美好家园”活动。为了号召更多学生参与该活动，请你用英文给国际部留学生写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1. 你对该口号的理解； 2. 具体倡议。 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 新高二开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语·答案及评分标准 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A D B C B D A B C 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C D B A B A D B C B 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 A C B D B C F D E 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11．buried 12．whether/if 13．was looking 14．was closed 15．Thinking 16．riding 17．dug 18．mysterious 19．studying 20．are expected 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 40． Making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall. 41． Because his mother had to give up many of the scented candles after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies, causing her frequent headaches. 42．Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age. Because he just hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business. 43．The entrepreneurial spirit. Because I’m always afraid of the trouble and obstacles possibly existing in the process of starting a business, which is the biggest problem for me to have my own business. （开放性回答） 第二节 (20 分) Dear fellow students,     With white pollution becoming increasingly serious, I am writing to invite all of you to participate in the “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” campaign initiated by our school. The slogan “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” emphasizes the importance of using less plastic, actively picking up plastic waste in our school and community, and contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable living environment. The following measures may help. First, we can carry reusable bags instead of single-use plastic ones. Additionally, say no to plastic straws and cutlery, and use alternative options like bamboo or stainless steel.     I urge you to join us in this campaign. Only with joint efforts can we make a difference!                                                                                                    Students’ Union 应用文写作评分标准 一、评分原则 1. 本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。 2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3. 词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6. 如书写较差，以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 二、各档次的给分范围和要求 档次 描述 第五档 (17～20分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 覆盖所有内容要点。 - 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 - 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但因尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。 - 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档 (13～16分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 (9～12分) 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 (5～8分) 未适当完成试题规定的任务。 - 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。 - 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档 (1～4分) 未完成试题规定的任务。 - 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。 - 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。 信息未能传达给读者。 0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高二开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 标 条码粘贴处 ▣ 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 1,答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考正号码填写清 1 楚 2 2 2.请将准考证条粘贴在右怕的条码粘处的方相 3 3 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选必须用05 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 4.请题号颜序在各题的客题区内作答，超出范围的 5 答案无效，在草纸，试卷上作答无效。 6 6 5.保尉特卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误【一-[Ⅱ灯 9 9 9999999■9 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A1[B][C][D] 2[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3[AJ[B][C][D] 8[AJ[B][C][D] 4[A][B][C1[D1 9[A1[B][C1[D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 1o[A][B][C][D] 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 12 13 14 15 16 17. 18 19. 20. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 2L.[A][B][CJ[D]26[AJ[B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D]35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22[A1[B][C][D]27.IA][B][C][D]32.[A1[B1[C1[D]36.[A1[B][C][D][E][F1[G] 23.[A][B][C][D128.[A1[B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C1[D][E][F][G] 24[A1[B][C][D]:29.[A][B][C][D]34.[A1[B][C][D]38.[A][B1[C]ID]IE][F][G] 25[A][B1[C][D]30.[A1[B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E1[F][G] 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-一节（满分12分） 40. 41 42 43 第二节（满分20分） Dear fellow students. Students'Union 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！新高二开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 记 条码粘 贴处 ▣ 准考证号 注意事项 0 。 O 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 1 1 1 1 0123 楚 2 2 2 2 2,请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方框 3 3 4 2345 123 内。 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0S 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.请按题号顺序在各显的答题区内作答，超出范围的 答案无效，在草纸，试卷上作答无效。 6 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 > 7 7 7 67 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 8 8 8 8 8 678 678 8 8 6. 填涂样例正确■错误-【√1×] 9 a 9 a 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 1.A1[B][C1[D] 6.[A][B1[C][D 2.MA][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D 3.[A][B][C][D] 8.(A]IB][C][D] 4.[A][B][C1[D] 9.[A][B][C1[D] 5.[A1[B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 第二节共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 11 12. 13 15 16. 17. 18 19. 20. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A1[B1[C][D126.A][B][C1[D131HA][B1[C1[D135.A1[B1[C][D1[E][F][G] 22.[A][B1[C][D]27.IA1[B1[C1[D]32.A][B1[C][D136.[A1[B1[C][D][E1[FJ[G1 23.[A][B1[C1[D]28.A1[B]IC1[D]33.A][B][C]ID137.IA1[B][C1[D]IE1[F1[G] 24.[AJ[B1[C][D129.[A1[B][C1[D]34.A][B][C][D1 38.[A][B1[C][D][E1[F][G] 25.[AJ[B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 39[A][B][C1[D][E][FJ[G] 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（满分12分） 40. 41 42. 43 第二节（满分20分） Dear fellow students, Students'Union 请在各题日的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 新高二开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、本试卷共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。 2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节， 30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Boyce is a farmer’s son and he can’t see the world. But today, compared with him, even a large number of normal people have fallen behind. Boyce was born 1 and his family was very poor. His father used to do farm work to support his family. When he was born, the neighbors even advised Boyce’s parents to give him up because they thought that he would grow up to become a burden to them. Luckily his parents 2 him and decided to take good care of him. As Boyce grew older, his father began to worry about his son’s 3 . There was no school in their village, so his father tried his best to let his son attend a special school for the blind in the nearby city. After years of hard work, Boyce graduated with 4 grades, which surprised everyone. His parents were also very happy with his performance. The boy was then encouraged to work harder at his studies. However, Boyce was again faced with 5 when he applied for entrance exams of colleges. He was not allowed to take the exams because of his physical disability. His request was 6 by many local colleges. Even then. Boyce didn’t give up. He applied for some foreign universities online and 7 became the first international blind student in a world-famous university. After graduation, Boyce received many job offers, but he 8 to return to his motherland to start his career. He set up Boycy Industries, which accepted and trained disabled people to produce eco-friendly products. He really brought 9 changes to both the disabled and the environment. Boyce is a great 10 for all of us. He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely. 1．A．deaf B．blind C．healthy D．lame 2．A．accepted B．received C．refused D．forgave 3．A．courage B．work C．luck D．education 4．A．complete B．excellent C．usual D．terrible 5．A．support B．protection C．difficulty D．competition 6．A．cared about B．turned down C．called on D．handed in 7．A．likely B．commonly C．hardly D．successfully 8．A．chose B．afforded C．forgot D．refused 9．A．traditional B．positive C．limited D．natural 10．A．researcher B．partner C．example D．talent 【参考答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个名叫Boyce的盲人青年，他在贫困的家庭中长大，但是通过自己的努力和家人的支持，他成功地完成了学业，并成为了世界著名大学的第一位国际盲人学生。毕业后，他回到自己的祖国，创立了一个公司，为残疾人提供培训和工作机会，生产环保产品，为残疾人和环境带来了积极的变化。他的故事鼓舞了许多弱势群体，激励他们勇敢地克服困难，追求自己的梦想。 【详情解析】 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Boyce天生失明，家境贫寒。A. deaf聋的；B. blind瞎的；C. healthy健康的；D. lame瘸的。根据前文“Boyce is a farmer’s son and he can’t see the world.”可知，Boyce天生失明。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他的父母接受了他，决定好好照顾他。A. accepted接受；B. received收到；C. refused拒绝；D. forgave原谅。根据后文“decided to take good care of him”可知，他的父母接受他，并且好好照顾他。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他渐渐长大，他的父亲开始担心儿子的教育问题。A. courage勇气；B. work工作；C. luck运气；D. education教育。根据后文“There was no school in their village, so his father tried his best to let his son attend a special school for the blind in the nearby city.”可知，因为他们的村子里没有学校，所以Boyce的父亲想尽办法让他在附近城市的一所特殊的盲人学校上学，由此Boyce的父亲担心的是他的教育问题。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，Boyce以优异的成绩毕业了，这让每个人都感到惊讶。A. complete完全的；B. excellent极好的；C. usual通常的；D. terrible糟糕的。根据后文“which surprised everyone”可知，Boyce以优异的成绩毕业，这才能让所有人惊讶。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Boyce在申请大学入学考试时再次遇到了困难。A. support支持；B. protection保护；C. difficulty困难；D. competition竞赛。根据后文“He was not allowed to take the exams because of his physical disability.”可知，他在申请大学的时候，遇到了困难，由于眼睛失明他不被允许参加考试。故选C。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的请求被当地许多大学拒绝了。A. cared about担心；B. turned down拒绝；C. called on呼吁；D. handed in上交。根据前文“He was not allowed to take the exams”可知，由于失明，他被许多大学拒绝了。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他在网上申请了一些国外大学，并成功成为世界著名大学的第一位国际盲人学生。A. likely可能地；B. commonly常见地；C. hardly几乎不；D. successfully成功地。根据后文“After graduation”可知，他是成功地申请了一些国外大学。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，Boyce得到了许多工作机会，但他选择回到祖国开始自己的事业。A. chose选择；B. afforded负担得起；C. forgot忘记；D. refused拒绝。根据前文的“Boyce received many job offers”以及后文的“but”可知，前后两个句子构成转折关系，即虽然毕业后，Boyce得到了许多工作机会，但他选择回到祖国开始自己的事业。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他确实为残疾人和环境带来了积极的变化。A. traditional传统的；B. positive积极的；C. limited有限的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely.”可知，他激励了许多弱势群体克服困难，勇敢地追随梦想，由此他带来的是积极的影响。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyce是我们所有人的好榜样。A. researcher研究者；B. partner合作者；C. example例子，榜样；D. talent天赋。根据后文“He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely.”可知，他激励了许多弱势群体克服困难，勇敢地追随梦想，他为我们树立了一个良好的榜样。故选C。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A After college, I tried for six months to get a job, but my luck was bad. Finally, one day I was in a downtown coffee shop, 11 (bury) in the newspaper, and my luck began to change. A young woman sitting next to me asked 12 she could read my newspaper. I said OK and we started talking. She told me she worked in a huge advertising company and 13 (look) for an assistant at the moment. I told her I was interested in mass communication and had studied it for four years at the university. Within one week, I was her assistant. 【参考答案】 11．buried 12．whether/if 13．was looking 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者有一天在咖啡馆里幸运地找到工作的故事。 【详情解析】 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：终于，有一天，我在市中心的一家咖啡店里埋头看报纸，我的运气开始变了。分析句子可知，空处作句子的伴随状语，bury“把头或脸埋进”和I逻辑上是被动关系，应用bury的过去分词形式buried。故填buried。 12．考查宾语从句。句意：坐在我旁边的一位年轻女子问我能不能看一下我的报纸。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作asked的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合句意可知，空处需表达“是否”，应用连接词whether或if作引导词。故填whether/if。 13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她告诉我她在一家大型广告公司工作，目前正在寻找一名助理。分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句的谓语，时间状语为at the moment，且文章整体描述的是过去发生的事情，此处时态应用过去进行时，且主语是she，be动词用was。故填was looking。 B In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department 14 (close) because of the war. 15 (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen 16 (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 【参考答案】 14．was closed 15．Thinking 16．riding 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了林医生在北京协和医学院妇产科关闭后，依然尽自己所能去帮助人们。 【详情解析】 14．考查主谓一致、动词时态和语态。句意：1941年，林医生成为有史以来第一位被任命为北京协和医学院妇产科主任的中国女性，但仅仅几个月后，该科因战争而关闭。空处but作后面分句的谓语。close意为“停业，关闭”时既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时，close和the department之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据时间状语“In 1941”可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填was closed。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：想到所有仍然需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。think和逻辑主语Dr Lin之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词的一般式，作原因状语。故填Thinking。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时甚至有人看到她骑着驴子去遥远的村庄提供医疗服务。see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示看到动作的全过程，其被动形式为sb. be seen to do sth.，不定式作主语补足语；see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示看到动作正在进行，其被动形式为sb. be seen doing sth.，现在分词作主语补足语。根据句意，这里是说看到她当时骑着驴子的瞬间，应用现在分词。故填riding。 C Since Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) discovered two deep holes in Guanghan, Sichuan in 1986, and 17 (dig) thousands of precious cultural relics with a history of about 3000 years, the Sanxingdui site has always been a 18 (mystery) existence. As the largest and best-preserved pre-Qin site in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, the Sanxingdui site is an important evidence for 19 (study) the Chinese civilization. This year, the six newly discovered holes 20 (expect) to further reveal the origin and formation process of Chinese civilization. 【参考答案】 17．dug 18．mysterious 19．studying 20．are expected 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了三星堆遗址是中国长江上游规模最大、保存最完好的先秦遗址，是研究中华文明的重要证据。今年，新发现的6个孔洞有望进一步揭示中国文明的起源和形成过程。 【详情解析】 17．考查动词时态。句意：自从中国考古学家1986年在四川广汉发现了两个深洞，并挖掘了数千件珍贵的文物，距今约3000年的历史以来，三星堆遗址一直是一个神秘的存在。在since引导的状语从句中，in1986是表示过去的时间状语，and并列前后两个谓语动词，都是用一般过去时。故填dug。 18．考查形容词。句意：自从中国考古学家1986年在四川广汉发现了两个深洞，并挖掘了数千件珍贵的文物，距今约3000年的历史以来，三星堆遗址一直是一个神秘的存在。形容词修饰名词existence，作定语。故填mysterious。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：三星堆遗址是中国长江上游规模最大、保存最完好的先秦遗址，是研究中华文明的重要证据。介词后用动名词形式作宾语。故填studying。 20．考查动词时态语态。句意：今年，新发现的6个孔洞有望进一步揭示中国文明的起源和形成过程。时间状语This year，用一般现在时。孔洞和希望是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are expected。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Often, there is a false idea that one must be “in-the-know” to truly appreciate artworks. However, fine art opens the door to everyone. Learning how to look at and understand artworks requires us to take the time to view, identify and think. Look at the Art As the first step, it’s necessary to take a moment to identify the artwork’s general features: ● Is it a painting, sculpture or craftwork? ● Does it appear chaotic (混乱的) or organized? ● Are the colors bright or soft? Identify the Art and Artist Knowing when or how the artwork was made and learning something about the artist can reveal more context. We all know the famous painting Guernica is a masterpiece created by Picasso in 1937. However, if we can find out Picasso composed the painting to reflect a bombing during the Spanish Civil War, we’ll know more about its anti-war meaning. Even if the historical context of an artwork is not obvious, knowing the year of its creation offers more context. Think About the Meaning Use what you observed in the first two steps to think about meanings the artwork could have. Consider what the title, the subjects, or the symbols meant to the artist when he or she created the artwork. What do the colors say about the artist, and how do they apply to the subjects in the art? For example, the owls in Lebo’s works represent wisdom, but why are they so brightly colored? In addition, ask how the art makes you feel. Many artists have specific meanings behind their art, but also encourage viewers to come up with their own explanations. Still, every explanation is not automatically correct, which is why the techniques described above are helpful in finding clues. The next time you’re admiring a work of art, keep these techniques in mind, and its meaning may unfold before your eyes. 21．What is the first step when viewing art? A．Doing some research on the artist. B．Being “in-the-know” about the work C．Identifying the work’s general features D．Knowing the year of an artwork’s creation 22．When thinking about the meaning of an artwork, you should ________. A．explain it freely B．choose a title for it C．describe it to the viewers D．ask how it makes you feel 23．The passage is probably written for ________. A．museum staff B．gallery visitors C．professional artists D．exhibition organizers 【参考答案】 21．C 22．D 23．B 【语篇解读】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了一些欣赏艺术品的步骤和方法。 【详情解析】 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the first step, it’s necessary to take a moment to identify the artwork’s general features(作为第一步，有必要花点时间来确定美术作品的一般特征)”可知，看艺术品的第一步是确定作品的一般特征。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition, ask how the art makes you feel.(此外，询问美术作品给你的感觉如何)”可知，在思考一件艺术品的意义时，你应该问问它给你带来了什么感觉。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Often, there is a false idea that one must be “in-the-know” to truly appreciate artworks. However, fine art opens the door to everyone. Learning how to look at and understand artworks requires us to take the time to view, identify and think.(通常，有一种错误的想法，认为一个人必须“懂行”才能真正欣赏艺术品。然而，美术向每个人敞开了大门。学习如何看待和理解艺术作品需要我们花时间去观看、识别和思考)”以及最后一段“The next time you’re admiring a work of art, keep these techniques in mind, and its meaning may unfold before your eyes.(下次当你欣赏一件艺术品时，记住这些技巧，它的意义就会在你眼前展现出来)”结合文章主要说明了一些欣赏艺术品的步骤和方法。可推知，这篇文章可能是为参观画廊的人写的。故选B。 B Steph put some flowers “borrowed” from her neighbour Mrs Robinson’s garden next to her cold breakfast and costly plates, and took a photo. She wanted to brighten the colours on her picture. Choosing a filter (滤镜), she noticed TrueBeauty downloaded before. Her picture looked perfect with that filter. She posted it on the social media for her 15k followers, hoping they would wish to have the same life as she showed. Then she threw away the food now that it was cold. Steph was surprised to get so few likes and so many negative comments. She looked again at the picture she had posted. Her picture showed a horrible breakfast with flies all over them and the flowers were dead. She tried to delete (删除) the photo, but she couldn’t. Just then, she received a message. Steph read: Dear User,I know that each of you truly cares about showing yourself. Are you as beautiful on the inside as on the outside? If you want your pictures to show the real you, it’s time to be as beautiful in real life as on your social media. Love, True BeautyPS. You can’t remove the filter or delete the pictures you posted using it. After the first time you use TrueBeauty, it will change all your photos from that moment on! Steph made her account private to hide the ugly pictures. She didn’t want to do anything if she couldn’t post photos of her life. With nothing to do, she went downstairs, past Mrs Robinson’s garden. She noticed the smell of the flowers for the first time. Lovely! Then she saw Mrs Robinson watering the plants. She offered to help. A couple of hours later, they were done with the work. Steph had enjoyed herself a lot. They took a picture, standing together in front of the roses and smiling. Later that evening Steph looked at the picture on her phone. She changed the colours a little bit. The roses looked beautiful anyway, with or without any changes. Nothing could improve the smiles on her and Mrs Robinson’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She posted this picture. It looked exactly the same online! She made her account public again and added some text to the photo: Beauty in the garden. 24．Why did Steph post the filtered picture online? A．To show off her life. B．To try out a new filter. C．To share her tasty breakfast. D．To teach photography skills. 25．What can we learn about TrueBeauty? A．It improves the ugly pictures. B．It calls on us to behave honestly. C．It advises us to hide comments. D．It cares about its users’ feelings. 26．How did Steph feel about gardening with Mrs Robinson? A．Uplifted. B．Confused. C．Confident. D．Lucky. 27．What would the author most possibly write next? A．Steph no longer posted her life on social media. B．Steph successfully removed the TrueBeauty app. C．Steph learned to improve her appreciation of beauty. D．Steph inspired her followers to value their inner self. 【参考答案】 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经爱慕虚荣的斯蒂芬收到了TrueBeauty的信息，要求她展示真实的自我，于是她和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神，玩的很高兴。 【详情解析】 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her picture looked perfect with that filter. She posted it on the social media for her 15k followers, hoping they would wish to have the same life as she showed. Then she threw away the food now that it was cold.(她的照片用那个滤镜看起来很完美。她在社交媒体上为她的1.5万名粉丝发布了这张照片，希望他们也能过上和她一样的生活。然后她扔掉了食物，因为它已经冷了)”可知，斯蒂芬把这张添加滤镜的照片上传到网上是为了炫耀她的生活。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据表格中“PS. You can’t remove the filter or delete the pictures you posted using it. After the first time you use TrueBeauty, it will change all your photos from that moment on!( PS：你不能删除滤镜，也不能删除你用它发布的照片。在你第一次使用TrueBeauty之后，它将从那一刻起改变你所有的照片！)”可知，TrueBeauty要求我们诚实行事。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Then she saw Mrs Robinson watering the plants. She offered to help. A couple of hours later, they were done with the work. Steph had enjoyed herself a lot. They took a picture, standing together in front of the roses and smiling.(然后她看见罗宾逊太太在给植物浇水。她主动提出帮忙。几个小时后，他们完成了工作。斯蒂芬玩得很开心。他们一起站在玫瑰前，微笑着照了相)”可知，斯蒂芬觉得和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Later that evening Steph looked at the picture on her phone. She changed the colours a little bit. The roses looked beautiful anyway, with or without any changes. Nothing could improve the smiles on her and Mrs Robinson’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She posted this picture. It looked exactly the same online! She made her account public again and added some text to the photo: Beauty in the garden.(那天晚上晚些时候，斯蒂芬看着手机里的照片。她稍微改变了一下颜色。不管有没有变化，玫瑰看起来都很漂亮。什么也不能使她和罗宾逊太太脸上的笑容更加灿烂。真是一幅美丽的画！她发了这张照片。在网上看起来一模一样!她再次公开了自己的账户，并在照片上加上了一些文字：花园里的美人)”可知，作者接下来最有可能写斯蒂芬鼓励她的追随者重视内心的自我。故选D。 C Hibernation is not just sleep. While we sleep, our brains fire up and become highly active; in hibernation, on the contrary, brain activity completely slows down. The body temperature of hibernating animals also drops, in some cases close to the freezing point. Cells (细胞) stop dividing and heart rate decreases to two beats per minute. Yet, once it’s time to wake up, hibernating animals come back to life without any significant side effects like freezing, muscle loss, or loss of bone density during the long winter months. The same, however, can’t be said about people who wake up from long-term medical comas (昏迷), or even those who have to stay in bed for long periods of time. Such people, just like astronauts in microgravity, would suffer from a wide range of side effects that come from not actively using their bodies. Scientists are therefore looking into hibernation research with the aim of developing ways to cause hibernation in future space astronauts. Recently, Kelly Drew, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry, has been rewarded for his research. The idea is that rather than having astronauts sit for months in a tiny Mars-bound capsule, consuming food, water and air, and gradually wasting away from not doing much in microgravity, a part of the crew members could be placed into hibernation. The hibernating astronauts wouldn’t need any food or water and could manage with much less air — yet they would wake up with their bones and muscles in a much better condition than those of their awake counterparts. “This research could be used to help future missions, from the extreme of medically caused hibernation for long term space missions, protecting astronauts from cabin fever, radiation, and much more,” he said. “It could also prove effective in preventing muscle and bone loss in zero gravity.” The state of hibernation could also help in the medical setting to help protect patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. “This could mean that patients who have suffered from a stroke or heart attack could be placed in medically caused hibernation until they can be transported to a hospital to receive care, which could significantly improve medical outcomes,” the scientist said. 28．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1? A．The working principles of hibernation. B．The unique features of hibernation. C．The major reasons for hibernation. D．The side effects of hibernation. 29．What does the underlined word “counterparts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Bones and muscles. B．Brains. C．Astronauts. D．Patients. 30．What will scientists probably do in the future research? A．Study hibernating animals in space missions. B．Find ways to put people into hibernation. C．Improve medical treatments for patients. D．Seek cures for life-threatening diseases. 【参考答案】 28．B 29．C 30．B 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。与睡觉不同，冬眠的动物在醒来时就会恢复活力，没有任何明显的副作用，因此，科学家们正在进行冬眠研究，目的是找到让未来的太空宇航员冬眠的方法，并且，在医疗环境中，冬眠状态也可以帮助保护那些患有心脏病和中风等危及生命的疾病的病人。 【详情解析】 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段前五句“Hibernation is not just sleep. While we sleep, our brains fire up and become highly active; in hibernation, on the contrary, brain activity completely slows down. The body temperature of hibernating animals also drops, in some cases close to the freezing point. Cells (细胞) stop dividing and heart rate decreases to two beats per minute. Yet, once it’s time to wake up, hibernating animals come back to life without any significant side effects like freezing, muscle loss, or loss of bone density during the long winter months.(冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑兴奋起来，变得高度活跃；相反，在冬眠中，大脑活动完全减慢。冬眠动物的体温也会下降，在某些情况下接近冰点。细胞停止分裂，心率下降到每分钟两次。然而，一旦醒来，冬眠的动物就会恢复活力，没有任何明显的副作用，比如在漫长的冬季里冻死、肌肉损失或骨密度损失)”可知，第一段主要是讲冬眠的独特特点。故选B。 29．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“yet they would wake up with their bones and muscles in a much better condition than(然而，当他们醒来时，他们的骨骼和肌肉状况要比……好得多)”和awake(醒着的)可知，此处是指进入冬眠状态的宇航员在醒来时会比他们醒着的同伴的骨骼和肌肉状况好得多，所以counterparts是指“宇航员”。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists are therefore looking into hibernation research with the aim of developing ways to cause hibernation in future space astronauts.(因此，科学家们正在进行冬眠研究，目的是找到让未来的太空宇航员冬眠的方法)”和倒第二段“The state of hibernation could also help in the medical setting to help protect patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.(在医疗环境中，冬眠状态也可以帮助保护那些患有心脏病和中风等危及生命的疾病的病人)”可推知，在未来的研究中，科学家可能会想办法让人们进入冬眠状态。故选B。 D Is Space Exploration Necessary? We see space exploration updates in the news almost every week now. This is great for those who want a future like in science fiction movies. On the other hand, some believe space exploration is not necessary because there are a few reasonable cons to it. So, read further to see what the space exploration pros and cons are. It’s true that space exploration technologies are costly and consume many resources. Only launching space exploration satellites takes at least $ 40 million per launch and can go for as much as $ 400 million. Analyzing some space exploration facts, we are aware that space exploring costs a lot. While the UN says $ 30 billion could end world hunger, NASA is being offered a lot every year. And this is a good argument for those who are against space exploration. While space exploration is highly important for learning about who we are, some are worried about what it can do to humanity. Countries can use their space crafts and satellites to collect information about other countries they’re in conflict with. Obviously, this can lead to tensions between countries and eventually to wars. Another issue that space exploration brings is that it poses a great danger for astronauts involved in it. Nasa mentions in an article how damaging cosmic (外太空的) radiation is for the human body because it can damage the nervous system both severely and in the long run. Besides, cosmic radiation sickness causes extreme tiredness, nausea (呕吐感), anorexia, and vomiting. From this point of view, space exploration does put our astronauts at great risks. However, preventive measures are taken, and their health is kept in check through intensive training and daily checkups. While all previously mentioned observations are very good and make great points, space exploration still has more benefits than negative effects. It allows us to develop our technologies, which are already advanced thanks to space exploration. Moreover, by exploring space, we can discover new resources that we could use to better our lives here on Earth. And another thing is certain as well: we couldn’t build a better future for our children without space exploration. 31．Why does the author show the amount of money spent on Space exploration in Paragraph 2? A．To show the disadvantage of space exploration. B．To prove space exploration is highly important. C．To criticize NASA for spending too much money. D．To call on more money to be spent to stop world hunger. 32．What does the underlined word “poses” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Avoids. B．Provides. C．Causes. D．Prevents. 33．What is the writer’s attitude towards “space exploration”? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Opposed. D．Neutral. 34．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To stress the importance of space exploration. B．To argue against the advance of space exploration. C．To show people’s concern about the astronauts’ health. D．To introduce the problems that space exploration brings to people. 【参考答案】 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了太空探索的利弊，包括成本高、可能引发国际冲突、对宇航员健康的危害等。尽管存在一些负面影响，但太空探索仍然有更多的好处，可以促进技术发展、发现新资源等，对人类的未来也有重要意义。 【详情解析】 31．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s true that space exploration technologies are costly and consume many resources.(诚然，太空探索技术成本高昂，消耗大量资源。)”以及“Only launching space exploration satellites takes at least $ 40 million per launch and can go for as much as $ 400 million. (仅发射太空探索卫星，每次发射至少需要4000万美元，最高可达4亿美元。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是太空技术成本高昂，消耗大量资源，由此后文通过具体事例即发射太空探索卫星至少需要4000万美元，最高可达4亿美元来对此问题进行说明。故举出该例子的目的是为了展示太空探索的缺点。故选A。 32．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Another issue that space exploration brings(太空探索带来的另一个问题)”以及划线词后面的内容“ a great danger for astronauts involved in it(这对参与其中的宇航员来说是极大的危险)”可知，太空探索带来另外的一个问题，划线词所在的表语从句是对该问题进行解释说明，即太空探索所导致的问题对宇航员来说是极大的危险。故推断划线词pose的意思为“产生，带来”与C选项为同义词。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“space exploration still has more benefits than negative effects. It allows us to develop our technologies, which are already advanced thanks to space exploration. Moreover, by exploring space, we can discover new resources that we could use to better our lives here on Earth.(太空探索仍然利大于弊。它使我们能够发展我们的技术，这些技术由于太空探索而已经很先进了。此外，通过探索太空，我们可以发现新的资源，我们可以用来改善我们在地球上的生活。)”可知，作者认为太空探索利大于弊。故作者对太空探索的态度是积极和支持的。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据本文的标题“Is Space Exploration Necessary?(太空探索是必要的吗？)”以及第一段的内容“So, read further to see what the space exploration pros and cons are.(所以，请继续阅读，看看太空探索的利弊。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讨论了太空探索的利和弊（弊占文章篇幅三分之二），包括成本高、可能引发国际冲突、对宇航员健康的危害等。尽管存在一些负面影响，但太空探索仍然有更多的好处，可以促进技术发展、发现新资源等，对人类的未来也有重要意义。故文章的目的介绍太空探索中给人们带来的问题。故选D。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 35 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 36 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 37 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 38 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 39 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. 【参考答案】 35．B 36．C 37．F 38．D 39．E 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国筷子的起源和文化意义，以及使用筷子的一些礼仪规则。文章指出，筷子是中国人因为饮食习惯而发明的，代表着团结的力量和温和的品德。同时，使用筷子也有一些禁忌和规矩需要遵守。文章最后强调了筷子所代表的团结精神，鼓励人们共同努力创造更美好的未来。 【详情解析】 35．根据前文“In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money.(17世纪，一位英国商人听说中国有一亿人口，就下决心去中国卖勺子。他想，即使一个勺子能挣一分钱，他也会赚很多钱)”可知，后文应该强调该事情的结果。B选项“But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons.( 但令他惊讶的是，中国人用筷子，而不是勺子)”承接前文。故选B。 36．根据前文“When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. (当我们蒸或煮食物时，我们很难用勺子把蔬菜浸在汤里)”可知，此处应该强调解决该问题的方式。C选项“Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food.(因此，中国人聪明地发明了筷子来挑选食物)”承接前文。故选C。 37．根据前文“Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. (筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱)”可知，筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱。后文应该继续对该主题进行强调。F选项“So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. (因此，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则)”指出，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则。these virtues指代前文的gentleness and kindness。故选F。 38．根据后文“It means you lay the blame on others.(这意味着你把责任推给别人)”可知，此处指出用筷子指着别人意味着把责任推给别人。D选项“Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them.(此外，不要用筷子指着别人)”与下文的it呼应，且First和Besides是并列关系。故选D。 39．根据前文“Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity.(如今，筷子已成为中国文化的典型组成部分，象征着团结的力量)”可知，此处强调筷子象征着团结的力量。同时根据后文“However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. (然而，十双筷子代表力量，这意味着它们在任何情况下都不会折断)”可知，前文应该与此处构成转折关系。E选项“Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. (事实上，一根筷子是没有用的，它是如此脆弱，很容易被折断)”指出一根筷子容易折断，与后文构成转折关系。故选E。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For most 12-year-olds, any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends, competing in sports, or playing video games. But Alejandro Buxton has another dream: making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall. The idea was inspired by his mother, who had to give up many of the scented candles she’d filled their home with after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies (过敏), causing her frequent headaches. So, in 2019, at just 9 years old, the boy started experimenting with making his own, mixing ingredients like soy and coconut waxes with essential oils. He called his first work “Jurassic Orange,” for its color and pleasant smell. Though his mother was a big fan, and the scent didn’t cause her head to ache, Buxton wanted to improve upon his work. Within the next few months, he’d developed a line of six uniquely scented candles. By the following year, during the worldwide lockdowns, he’d created his own online shop. Soon after, Alejandro began selling his products on his own website, “Smell of Love Candles,” where shoppers can find offerings with creative names like “Sage the Day!” and “Alexa, clean the house.” He also lists other products such as room sprays for sale. According to the site, his younger sister Valentina serves as assistant of operations while his mother takes the role of assistant to the CEO. Now, he is operating his business in a local mall as well. This past September, he opened a stand in D．C．’s Tysons Corner shopping center—making him the youngest leaseholder (承租人) at the mall. Besides inspiring fellow kids with his entrepreneurial spirit and talent, Alejandro is also a positive role model for giving back and making a difference: He donates a part of his profits to a local charity. With the experience and knowledge he’s gaining from running this business at such a young age, Alejandro hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business. 40．What is Alejandro’s dream? 41．Why did the boy come up with the idea? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. • Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age. 43．Among Alejandro’s qualities, which one do you think will be important for you? Why? (In about 40 words) 【参考答案】 40． Making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall. 41． Because his mother had to give up many of the scented candles after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies, causing her frequent headaches. 42．Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age. Because he just hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business. 43．The entrepreneurial spirit. Because I’m always afraid of the trouble and obstacles possibly existing in the process of starting a business, which is the biggest problem for me to have my own business. 【语篇解读】 这是一篇新闻报道。12岁的亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿自己制作了香味独特的纯天然蜡烛，并成功地拥有了自己的事业。 【详情解析】 40．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“But Alejandro Buxton has another dream: making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall.(但亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿还有另一个梦想：制作纯天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地一家商场出售。)”可知，亚历杭德罗的梦想是制作纯天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地一家商场出售。故答案为Making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall。 41．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The idea was inspired by his mother, who had to give up many of the scented candles she’d filled their home with after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies (过敏), causing her frequent headaches.(这个想法的灵感来自于他的母亲，在意识到香薰蜡烛中的化学物质会加剧她的过敏，导致她经常头痛后，她不得不放弃家里满满当当的许多香薰蜡烛。)”可知，这个男孩有了这个想法是因为他的母亲在意识到香薰蜡烛中的化学物质会加剧她的过敏，导致她经常头痛后，不得不放弃了许多香薰蜡烛。故答案为Because his mother had to give up many of the scented candles after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies, causing her frequent headaches。 42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“With the experience and knowledge he’s gaining from running this business at such a young age, Alejandro hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business.(亚历杭德罗在这么年轻的时候就经营这家公司，积累了丰富的经验和知识，他希望有一天能创办一家工程公司。)”可知，亚历杭德罗只是希望，却还没有创办一家工程公司。所以“and started an engineering business”这部分是错误的。故答案为Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age. Because he just hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business.。 43．考查开放性回答。考生需要挑选文章中亚历杭德罗的一个品质，并解释为什么这一品质对自己很重要，并注意答案应控制在40个单词之内。答案为The entrepreneurial spirit. Because I’m always afraid of the trouble and obstacles possibly existing in the process of starting a business, which is the biggest problem for me to have my own business。 第二节(20 分) 假设你是红星中学学生会负责人李华。学校发起“减塑捡塑，共创美好家园”活动。为了号召更多学生参与该活动，请你用英文给国际部留学生写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1. 你对该口号的理解； 2. 具体倡议。 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【参考答案】 Dear fellow students,     With white pollution becoming increasingly serious, I am writing to invite all of you to participate in the “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” campaign initiated by our school. The slogan “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” emphasizes the importance of using less plastic, actively picking up plastic waste in our school and community, and contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable living environment. The following measures may help. First, we can carry reusable bags instead of single-use plastic ones. Additionally, say no to plastic straws and cutlery, and use alternative options like bamboo or stainless steel.     I urge you to join us in this campaign. Only with joint efforts can we make a difference!                                                                                                    Students’ Union 【语篇解读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校发起的“减塑捡塑，共创美好家园”活动这一事，给国际部留学生写一封倡议书，陈述对该口号的理解，以及具体倡议。 【详情解析】 1.词汇积累 参与：participate in → take part in 首先：first → first and foremost 比赛：emphasize the importance of… → highlight the significance of… 另外：additionally → in addition 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Additionally, say no to plastic straws and cutlery, and use alternative options like bamboo or stainless steel. 拓展句：Additionally, we can replace plastic straws and cutlery with alternative options like bamboo or stainless steel. 【点睛】【高分句型1】With white pollution becoming increasingly serious, I am writing to invite all of you to participate in the “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” campaign initiated by our school. （运用了现在分词作补语，动词不定式作目的状语、补语，过去分词作后置定语） 【高分句型2】The slogan “Reduce Plastic, Collect Plastic, Create a Beautiful Home” emphasizes the importance of using less plastic, actively picking up plastic waste in our school and community, and contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable living environment.（运用了动名词作宾语） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$