英语（上海专用）-2024年新高二开学摸底考试卷

新高二开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英 语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．A policewoman. B．A judge. C．A reporter. D．A waitress. 2．A．Catch the train. B．Meet Jane. C．Get some stationery. D．Clean the backyard. 3．A．Amused. B．Embarrassed. C．Shocked. D．Sympathetic. 4．A．7:30 B．7:40 C．7:50 D．8:00 5．A．Work with her colleagues. B．Make coffee for others. C．Stay alone in the office. D．Socialize with her co-workers. 6．A．Have a job interview. B．Make ant advertisement. C．Open the letter box. D．Buy a copy of Daily Mail. 7. A．Salesman and customer. B．Father and daughter. C．Boss and secretary. D．Doctor and patient. 8. A．The restaurant wasn’t very crowded. B．The meal was very expensive. C．The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D．The food wasn’t very good. 9．A．The meeting was announced today. B．She’ll make the call later. C．There won’t be a meeting tomorrow. D．She has confirmed everything. 10． A．The membership of the gym is no longer valid. B．The woman is really tired of that gym. C．The woman went to that gym only once. D．The woman has never gone to that gym. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．70 B．20 C．25. D．75 12．A．The houses there can't be sold B．It is a place for work and holiday. C．the cabins and facilities are share. D．It is run by the residents themselves. 13．A．A skiing resort. B．A special community. C．A splendid mountain. D．A successful businesswoman. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Recognizing one’s abilities. B．Analyzing one’s strengths and weaknesses. C．Matching one’s abilities to job vacancies. D．Presenting one’s abilities to future employers. 15．A．Finding out what they can do about the employer. B．Avoiding asking unsure questions. C．Arriving as early as they can. D．Answering questions in a polite way. 16．A．Graduates from famous universities. B．Determined, skilled and able people. C．Capable and modest people. D．People with much work experience. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Running a coffee shop. B．Managing conferences. C．Writing articles for a magazine. D．Working for a restaurant. 18．A．To apply for a bank loan. B．To invest in his business. C．To find a place for his cafeteria. D．To enjoy a music concert with him. 19．A．£25,000. B．£12,500. C．£10,000. D．£50,000. 20．A．Have a talk with Rob. B．Look at the business plan. C．Learn how to set up a business. D．Calculate the profit Rob has made. II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 21 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 22 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 23 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 24 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 25 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 26 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 27 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 28 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 29 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 30 (fulfill). Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly             G. absorbing             H. participated         I. prohibited         J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 31 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 32 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 33 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 34 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 35 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 36 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 37 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 38 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 39 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 40 too much heat. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 41 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 42 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 43 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 44 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 45 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 46 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 47 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 48 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 49 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 50 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 51 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 52 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 53 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 54 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 55 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 41．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 42．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 43．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 44．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 45．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 46．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 47．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 48．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 49．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 50．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 51．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 52．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 53．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 54．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 55．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A AAVE Camp Camp Address: 2308 Fossil Trace, Colorado 80401, USA (800)2223-3595 Since 2016, AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language. Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet. Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address: PO. Box|568, Oregon 97883, USA (888) 4209-7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp. You will receive instructions on riding a horse, ride the high mountains, play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west. You’ll sleep in tents, eat western food and ride your horse all day, every day! Traditional Camp Camp Address: P. O. Box819/200, Arrowhead Rd. Hunt, Texas 78024. USA (886)6817-2173 Established in 2008, we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River. Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered. Our specialty is FUN! Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA (212) 6743-4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world. Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest. 56．AAVE Camp is designed for ________. A．adventure lovers B．foreign travellers C．creative teenagers D．professional sportsmen 57．Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere, so she can call ________ for more information. A．(800) 2223-3595 B．(888) 4209-7855 C．(886) 6817-2173 D．(212) 6743-4300 58．Lucy’s dream is to be a film actress, so she’d probably go to ________ to attend a camp. A．Colorado B．Oregon C．Texas D．New York B Beauty that can’t be seen In the serene town of Willowbrook resided the young maiden Lily. Her skin bore the intricate tapestry of a rare condition, a mosaic of scars and blemishes that danced across her face like a testament to the trials she had endured. Yet, within this canvas of imperfections, Lily’s heart radiated a warmth that enveloped all who crossed her path in a tender embrace. One fateful afternoon, as the sun descended in a cascade of golden hues, Lily’s path intertwined with that of Lucas, a young man whose world was veiled in eternal darkness. Drawn by the angelic voice of Lily and the kindness that exuded from her very being, Lucas found comfort in her presence. Their friendship blossomed like a delicate flower, each moment spent together a symphony of shared laughter and unspoken understanding. As the days bring more shared experiences, Lucas found himself fascinated by the world as perceived through Lily’s eyes. In her, he discovered a kaleidoscope (万花筒) of beauty that transcended the confines of sight, a beauty woven from threads of kindness, compassion, and unwavering attitude. Though his eyes could not behold the physical scars that adorned Lily’s form, his heart beheld the true essence of her being — a luminous spirit that lightened the darkest corners of his world. With each passing day, their bond deepened, evolving into a romance that defied the conventions of superficiality and embraced the profound connection that existed between their souls. Lily and Lucas found a beauty that transcended the limitations of physical form, a beauty that dwelled in the uncharted depths of their souls. Their love became a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit, a reminder that true beauty is not merely skin-deep but a radiant light that originates from the very core of our being, touching the hearts of all who dare to see beyond the surface. 59．How did Lucas, who was blind, come to appreciate beauty in Lily’s unique perspective? A．by restoring his eyesight through a series of surgeries B．by listening to her angelic voices describing her own beauty C．by spending time with her and seeing the world through her eyes D．by imagine the fascinating world in the eyes of Lily 60．What qualities in Lily did Lucas recognize as true beauty despite the physical scars he can’t see? A．Her commitment to comforting others with her beautiful voice B．Her kindness, compassion, and unwavering strength in difficult life C．Her sympathy and hopefulness for physically-challenged people like Lucas D．Her bravery in developing real friendship to romance despite social dispute 61．In Paragraph 4, the underlined word transcended is closest in meaning to _________? A．went beyond B．depended on C．broke through D．passed over 62．Which of the following definition of beauty best identifies with the essence of the story of Lily and Lucas? A．Beauty is a subjective preference for what might be unfavorable in others’ opinion B．Beauty is not skin-deep but a radiant light that grows from within and enlightens others C．Beauty is what provides pleasure to the senses, either in visual or audio way D．Beauty is something in good proportion that creates aesthetic harmony and appeal C The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 63．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 64．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 65．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 66．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 67 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 68 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 69 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 70 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Eleven-year-old Kristina shouted on the phone. Vera, her mother, packing lunches for her two children, heard the shouting and dashed to Kristina. Kristina gave her the phone. Kristina was talking to her father at his doctor’s office in Moscow, Russia. “Vlad, why is Kristina shouting?” began Vera in Russian. “Vera, this afternoon I must attend a conference at her school. But I cannot be there. I have an important meeting. Why don’t you attend it?” Vlad replied. “How can I go?” “You are not going to a forest. You’ll be fine!” “I know, but I can’t speak English properly. It’s a rule at her school.” “You can manage. GO!” Vera turned to Kristina, “Kristina, your father is busy. I will come instead of him.” Kristina shouted, “Mother, you can’t speak English. How can you come to the conference? NO!” She plowed through her mother and ran sobbing. But Vera convinced Kristina. As there was no option, she agreed and left for school. Vera was depressed. She felt that if only she knew English, she could avoid such situations. “But how is it possible for me to learn English while balancing so many tasks?” Suddenly, she realized that Andrei was getting late, so she got him ready and walked him to school. In the afternoon, Vera attended the conference at the school. All the teachers and staff gave a warm welcome to Vera. Kristina kept quieting her mother. All she said were phrases like, “You are embarrassing!” “Stop talking!” and “You do not know English!” Ignoring her daughter’s comments, Vera managed to keep her cool and finished the meeting. After delivering a cake to a customer, Vera went home to start dinner. At home, she asked her mother-in-law where Kristina was. She said that Kristina had gone to study with her friends. While they were talking, Kristina walked in. Vera asked, “Why did you go out? You can study at home, you know!” ”I have doubts about English Literature. Can YOU clarify them?” Kristina said in an arrogant (傲慢的) tone. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数要求70词左右； 2. 所续写内容要以上面段落为依据，前后衔接符合逻辑。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．这部纪录片旨在呼吁人们保护濒临灭绝的物种。(appeal)(汉译英) 73．聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) 74．你越多练习武术，你就越能理解为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝。（the more…the more）(汉译英) 75．少数民族服饰是一个国家的文化符号，在不同的历史时期用自己的方式绽放美丽，未来也将在树立民族形象方面起到越来越重要的作用。(way) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学的王磊，你班本学期剩余一笔总额三千元的班费class fee结余，目前有两个方案：1．为教室添加一台空气净化器；2．为每位同学订阅一份英语周报Shanghai Students’ Post。请你给班委会class committee写一封信，谈谈你的看法，必须包括： 1．你赞同的方案； 2．你赞同该方案的理由； 3．你对于执行此方案的建议。 Dear class committee, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 新高二开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语·答案及评分标准 I.Listening Comprehension Section A（每题1分，共10分） 1—5 ABCBD 6—10 ACDCC Section B（每题1.5分，共15分） 11—15 CDBCA 16—20 BCBDB II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A（每题1分，共10分） 21． recording 22．where 23．has been redefined 24．From 25．What 26．more flexible 27．it 28．which/that 29．satisfied 30．to fulfill Section B（每题1分，共10分） 31—35 ICHAD 36—40 BEJKG III.Reading Comprehension Section A（每题1分，共15分） 41-45 ABDCC 46-50 DBBDB 51-55 ACDAC Section B （每题2分，共22分） 56-60 ACDCB 61-65 ABBCC 66 A Section C（每题2分，共8分） 67-70 FACE IV. Summary Writing（共10分） After dinner, Vera complained about Kristina’s behavior to Vlad. Vera was tossing and turning when she thought about her hurt feelings. The next day, she saw an advertisement from LCC, the London Language Center, on the TV. They offered English classes to newcomers. Vera called their number and signed up for a four-week course. Every day, she managed to attend the class. She grasped every chance to communicate in English. In the last week, she announced the happy news to the family in English that she passed the test. V.Translation(共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72、This documentary aims to appeal to people to protect endangered species. 73、At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic. 74、The more you practise martial arts, the better you will understand why it is a national treasure worth passing down. 75、Ethnic minority costumes serve as cultural symbols of a nation, blossoming in their own ways during different historical periods, and will also play an increasingly important role in shaping national identity in the future. VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Dear class committee, As we all know, there is a class fee balance of 3,000 yuan remaining for this semester. At present, there are two ways to spend it: one is to add an air purifier to the classroom; the other is to subscribe to the Shanghai Students’ Post for each student. I am in favor of subscribing to the Shanghai Students’ Post. For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read. Yours, Wang Lei 应用文写作评分标准 一、评分原则 1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3. 词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6. 如书写较差，以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 二、各档次的给分范围和要求 档次 描述 第五档 (21～25分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 覆盖所有内容要点。 - 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 - 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但因尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。 - 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档 (16～20分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 (11～15分) 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 (6～10分) 未适当完成试题规定的任务。 - 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。 - 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档 (1～5分) 未完成试题规定的任务。 - 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。 - 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。 信息未能传达给读者。 0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。 答案及评分标准 第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$学校 班级 姓名 准考证号 密 封… 线 IIII Section A a 抗 七 65 IAJ[BJIC]IDI 64 [AJIBIICIIDI IAJIBIICHIDI [AJ[BIICJID] 61 [AJIBIICIIDI [AJIBIICJIDI [AJIBIICIIDI [AJIBIICIIDI [AIIBIICI[DI IAJIBJICIIDI 5 [AJIBIICHD] 4 [AJIBIICHD] IAJIBICHDI IAJIBIICHDI 1 [AJ[BIICHD] 的 3 3 Grammar and Vocabulary 70 IAJIBIICIIDI[EJ[FI 69 IAJIBIICIIDIIEI[FI 68 IAJIBIICIIDIIEI[FI 67 [AJ[BIICI[DI[EJ[FI 66 IAJIBIICIIDI 50 [AJIBIICIIDI 49 [AI[B][CI[D] 48 [AJIBIICIID] 46 IAIIBIICI[D] 10 IAI[BJICHD] [AJIB]ICHD] 8 [AJ[BI[CHDI 7 IAJIBIICHDI 6 IAJIBIICHD] 海华障（请用2B帮专摄换） EE5 000 的 出 热括物！压食垫2味) 55 [AJIBJICIIDI 53 [AJ[BJICIID] IAJ[BJICJ[DI 51 [AJIBJICI[DI 15 IAJ[BIICHD] 14 [AJ[B]ICHD] 13 [AJ[B][CHD] 12 IAJIBJICHD] 11 [A][BJICID] 入。二锈锈标 话限利 0 著 出 空 海食用) 60 [AJIBJICJID] 59 [AJ[BI[CI[D] 58 [AJIBI[CI[D] 56 [AJIBIICI[DI 20 [AIIBJICID] 19 [AJ[B]ICHD] 18 [AJ[BI[CHD] 17 [AJIBJICHDI 16 [AJ[BIICHD] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Section B 31 32 33 34. 35 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing 71 V.Translation 72、 73、 74、 75、 VI Guided Writing 请在各题目的答题区域内作瓷，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第2页（共2页）■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ 新高二开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 ✉ 0 O 1 1 1 1 注意事项 2 2 1.答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 12345678 12345678 2345678 23456789 5 45678 2345678 2345678 3 123 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 5 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 白 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 -- 7 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 78 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 正确填涂 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) 1 IAIBIICHDI 6 IAIIBIICHD I IAIIBIICHDI 2 IAIIBIICIDI 7 IAIIBIICHDI 12 IAIIBIICIDI 17 IAIBIICHDI 3 IAIIBIICIDI 8 IAlIBIICIDI 13 1AJIBIICIDI 18 IAIIBIICIDI 製 4 IAlBIICIDI 9 1AIIBIICHDI 14 [AIIBJICMDI 19 1AIBICHD 5 IAIIBIICIDI 10 1AIIBIICHDI 151A11B11C1D 20 IAIIBIICIDI ! 41 IAIIBIICIIDI 46 1AIIBICIIDI 511A1IB11C11D1 56 IAIIBIICIIDI 421AIB11C11D1 47 AIIBIICIIDI 52 IAJIBIICIIDI 57 IAIIBIICIIDI 43 IAJIBIICIIDI 53 IAIIBIICIIDI 58 IAIIBIICIIDI 441A11B11C11D1 49 1AIIBIICIIDI 54 IAIIBIICIIDI 591A11B11C1ID1 ! 45 IAIIBIICIIDI 50 IAIIBIICIIDI 551A11B11C11DI 60 IAIIBIICIIDI ! 61 IAIIBIICIIDI 66 IAlIBIICIIDI 621A11B11C11D1 67 IAIIBIICIIDIEIIFI 63 IAIIBIICIIDI 64 IAIIBIICIIDI 69 IAIIBIICIIDIIEIIFI 651A1IB11C11D 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 、 Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 21. 22 23. 24. 25. 26 27 28 29 30 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第1页（共2页） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边据限定区域的答案无效！ Section B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing V.Translation 72、 73、 74、 75、 VL Guided Writing 请在各题日的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ ! 英语第2页（共2页） 新高二开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英 语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．A policewoman. B．A judge. C．A reporter. D．A waitress. 【答案】A 【原文】 W: What can I do for you, sir? M: I want to report a theft. My briefcase was stolen. Q: Who is most probably the woman? 2．A．Catch the train. B．Meet Jane. C．Get some stationery. D．Clean the backyard. 【答案】B 【原文】 W: Would you please help me clean the back yard today? M: Sure. I am picking Jane up from the railway station at 3, but I will help you as soon as I get back. Q: What will the man do first? 3．A．Amused. B．Embarrassed. C．Shocked. D．Sympathetic. 【答案】C 【原文】 W: I’ve declined their offer to exhibit some of my paintings in this gallery. M: Are you kidding? Any art student I know would die to have an exhibition here. Q: How does the man feel on hearing the woman’s decision? 4．A．7:30 B．7:40 C．7:50 D．8:00 【答案】B 【原文】 M: It’s already 7:30. Shall we go now? The play will start in half an hour. W: No worries. It just takes us 10 minutes to walk to the theatre. Q: According to the woman, when can they arrive at the theatre if they leave now? 5．A．Work with her colleagues. B．Make coffee for others. C．Stay alone in the office. D．Socialize with her co-workers. 【答案】D 【原文】 M: What do you usually do in the lunch hour? W: I used to have lunch alone, but now, I like to make it more social, to have a coffee, and things like that, so I often go with colleagues from work. Q: What does the woman usually do in the lunch hour? 6．A．Have a job interview. B．Make ant advertisement. C．Open the letter box. D．Buy a copy of Daily Mail. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: Hello, I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday’s Daily Mail. W: Yes. The position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us. Q: What will the man most probably do next? 7. A．Salesman and customer. B．Father and daughter. C．Boss and secretary. D．Doctor and patient. 【答案】C 【原文】 W: Shall I check the e-mails for you, Mr. Anderson? M: No, thanks. I did that myself this morning. Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 8. A．The restaurant wasn’t very crowded. B．The meal was very expensive. C．The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D．The food wasn’t very good. 【答案】D 【原文】 M: Are you going to trust the restaurant critic again? That didn't taste anything like the meal we had in Paris. W: It definitely wasn't worth the wait. Q: What does the woman imply? 9．A．The meeting was announced today. B．She’ll make the call later. C．There won’t be a meeting tomorrow. D．She has confirmed everything. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: Has tomorrow's meeting been confirmed? W: Ah, I was told it's been called off. Q: What does the woman mean? 10． A．The membership of the gym is no longer valid. B．The woman is really tired of that gym. C．The woman went to that gym only once. D．The woman has never gone to that gym. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: I hear that you have a membership in that gym. How is it? W: Sorry, to tell you the truth, I was tired out the first time there and never went back there again. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．70 B．20 C．25. D．75 12．A．The houses there can't be sold B．It is a place for work and holiday. C．the cabins and facilities are share. D．It is run by the residents themselves. 13．A．A skiing resort. B．A special community. C．A splendid mountain. D．A successful businesswoman. 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．B 【原文】 About 70 miles northeast of Vancouver is one of Canada’s most beautiful tourist regions. Visitors come to enjoy fishing, skiing or the splendid mountain scenery. Over 20 years ago, Christi bone, a successful businesswoman came here and founded Paradise Ridge, a cabin park. She said I wanted to live somewhere everybody knows everybody else and all your problems are shared. Paradise Ridge is now home to 25 families. Each family owns their own small cabin. But they share the ownership of the park and the common facilities. This is a really living community and residents aren’t allowed to use their cabin as a holiday home. The heart of the Paradise Ridge community is a large house. Shared meals take place 3 times a week and once a month there’s a meeting when important decisions are made. Families can sell their homes if they want to leave, but the whole community must vote on new families before they are allowed to join. “Keeping the community together is hard work” says Christi, “Everybody has to take responsibility for the day to day running of the community, but it seems there is no shortage of the families who want to join. There are 75 on the waiting list.” Questions: 11. How many families are living in the Paradise Ridge now? 12. What is special about Paradise Ridge? 13. What is the passage mainly about? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Recognizing one’s abilities. B．Analyzing one’s strengths and weaknesses. C．Matching one’s abilities to job vacancies. D．Presenting one’s abilities to future employers. 15．A．Finding out what they can do about the employer. B．Avoiding asking unsure questions. C．Arriving as early as they can. D．Answering questions in a polite way. 16．A．Graduates from famous universities. B．Determined, skilled and able people. C．Capable and modest people. D．People with much work experience. 【答案】14．C 15．A 16．B 【原文】 Most career organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to employers. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. After studying various  options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly. When additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. When graduates are asked to attend an interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the employer. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. There will be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of those people. Questions: 14. What is the second stage for graduates to follow in seeking a suitable career? 15. What is important for interviewees when attending an interview? 16. What kind of people can secure a good job according to the passage? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Running a coffee shop. B．Managing conferences. C．Writing articles for a magazine. D．Working for a restaurant. 18．A．To apply for a bank loan. B．To invest in his business. C．To find a place for his cafeteria. D．To enjoy a music concert with him. 19．A．£25,000. B．£12,500. C．£10,000. D．£50,000. 20．A．Have a talk with Rob. B．Look at the business plan. C．Learn how to set up a business. D．Calculate the profit Rob has made. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．B 【原文】 W: So, how did the conference go? Did they like your talk? M: Er, yes, I think so. Nobody walked out, anyway. W: Well, that’s good. So, urn, you said that you had something interesting to tell me. M: Er, yeah. I had dinner with Rob last night. W: Yes, you said. How’s he doing? M: Well, he’s self-employed now—a magazine columnist, that sort of thing. But Rob told me that he was planning to set up his own business. W: Really? What kind of business? M: He wants to open a coffee shop. You know, with sofas, newspapers, good music, healthy food, Wi-Fi—somewhere you can really relax. W: Oh, right. M: And here’s the thing. Rob asked me if I wanted to go into business with him. W: So why does he need you? M: He’s looking for someone to invest in the business. He said he could raise half of the money and he wanted to know whether I could come up with the other half. W: How much exactly? M: Twenty-five thousand pounds. W: What?! Where on earth are we going to get that kind of money? M: Well, we’ve got ten thousand saved up, and we could, urn, take out a bank loan for the rest. W: I’m not sure. It’s a huge risk. M: Well, I asked how long it would take for the business to make a profit. He thought about six months, maybe less. W: Does Rob know anything about setting up a business? M: I think so. Look, he’s given me a copy of his business plan. We can go through it together this evening, if you like. Questions 17.What is Rob doing to make a living? 18.What does Rob invite the man to do? 19.How much does Rob need in all to begin his own business? 20.What does the man suggest he and the woman do tonight? II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 21 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 22 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 23 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 24 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 25 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 26 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 27 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 28 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 29 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 30 (fulfill). 【参考答案】 21． recording 22．where 23．has been redefined 24．From 25．What 26．more flexible 27．it 28．which/that 29．satisfied 30．to fulfill 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 【详情解析】 21．考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recording device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recording。 22．考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。 23．考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memory is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。 24．考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately from each other意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词from。故填from。 25．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 26．考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previously thought”可知，此处应用形容词比较级more flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填more flexible。 27．考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。 28．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为environment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 29．考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“showing relaxed, normal behavior”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。 30．考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。become possible to do意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly             G. absorbing             H. participated         I. prohibited         J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 31 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 32 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 33 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 34 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 35 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 36 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 37 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 38 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 39 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 40 too much heat. 【参考答案】 31．I 32．C 33．H 34．A 35．D 36．B 37．E 38．J 39．K 40．G 【语篇解读】 本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章简洁明了地报道了一群威尔士高中生通过穿裙子来抗议学校校服政策，要求允许在炎热天气穿短裤的事件，以及事件的结果。 【详情解析】 31．考查动词时态。句意：对于威尔士的一群高中生来说，夏天的炎热已经到了极限，男孩们决定穿裙子去上学，以抗议学校严格的校服政策——无论什么天气都禁止穿短裤。此处为定语从句谓语动词，表示“禁止”穿短裤，且由上文谓语decided可知，事情发生在过去，which引导的定语从句时态用一般过去时，因此用prohibit“禁止”的过去式prohibited。故选I项。 32．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为时间状语从句谓语动词，根据语境，他们需要去洗手间换上全黑的裙子，因此应该是“逃到”洗手间去换衣服，且由主句谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，用escape“逃离”的过去式escaped。故选C项。 33．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为谓语动词，由in the campaign可知，他们参加了抵制传统校服裤子的运动，且由并列谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，因此用participate“参加”的过去式participated。participate in“参加”为固定搭配。故选H项。 34．考查名词。句意：男孩们的这一行为与其说是一场政治驱动的公民抗命行动，不如说是一种应对高温的方式。由The boys’可知，此处需要一个名词，作为句子的主语，表示“行为”或“示威”，因此用demonstration“示威”。故选A项。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们骄傲地走进校长办公室，喊着“我们要穿短裤”，但很快就被要求换回长裤。介词After后需要一个动名词形式，与“into the headmaster’s office”搭配，表示一种动态的进入方式，因此用march的动名词marching，march into“行进，进入”为固定搭配。故选D项。 36．考查名词。句意：校长琼斯·威廉姆斯说：“我们和一些男孩进行了交谈，现在他们已经穿回了长裤。”由空前的a可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“交谈”，作为had的宾语，因用名词conversation“交谈，谈话”。故选B项。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：抗议者Tyrone Evelyn，15岁，告诉Wales Online，这群人会继续为改变而运动。continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，且此处需要一个动名词形式，表示“参与活动，运动”，因此用campaign“参加运动”的动名词campaigning。故选E项。 38．考查副词。句意：男孩们完全同意给学生会写一封信，申请在明年夏天之前改变规定。这里需要一个副词来修饰“同意”，因此用completely“完全地”，作状语。故选J项。 39．考查名词。句意：热衰竭和中暑是气温升高时最常见的两种疾病。由空后的when temperature rises可知，这里表示由于高温而造成的疾病，heat exhaustion表示“热衰竭”，是一种因长时间暴露在高温环境中而引起的疾病，用名词exhaustion。故选K项。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Mayo Clinic的说法，穿宽松和浅色的衣服有助于保护人们不出汗或吸收过多的热量。protect...from...“保护……免受……的影响”。根据空前的or可知，本空用动名词，与空前的trapping并列，作from的宾语，用absorb“吸收”的动名词absorbing。故选G项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 41 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 42 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 43 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 44 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 45 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 46 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 47 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 48 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 49 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 50 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 51 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 52 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 53 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 54 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 55 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 41．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 42．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 43．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 44．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 45．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 46．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 47．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 48．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 49．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 50．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 51．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 52．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 53．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 54．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 55．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning 【参考答案】 41． A 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．B 49．D 50．B 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．C 【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了格林兄弟如何收集、编纂并最终出版《格林童话》的过程，以及这本书对后世的影响和重要性。 【详情解析】 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。A. Inspired受到启发；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Discouraged使泄气；D. Relieved使缓解。根据语境和前文“At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.”可知，在学校里，他们遇到了一位智者，他把他们带到了一个宝藏——一个装满古书的图书馆，里面的故事比他们听过的任何故事都要有趣。受到这位智者的启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事。故选A项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们创造了自己的宝藏——一本童话故事书，将世世代代吸引着遥远国度的数百万人。A. estimated估计；B. produced制作；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. stocked存有。根据语境和后文“their own treasure — a book of fairy tales”可知，兄弟俩创造了自己的宝藏，即一本童话故事书。故选B项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书至今已被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹。A. medium媒体；B. partnership合作关系；C. finding发现；D. wonder奇迹。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，这是出版界的奇迹。故选D项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的名声会让谦虚的格林兄弟感到震惊。A. quality质量；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声；D. benefit益处。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 　　43　　.”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹，这种名声让格林兄弟感到震惊。故选C项。 45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：早期的版本甚至不是针对儿童的。A. marked as标记为；B. robbed of抢夺；C. aimed at针对；D. prevented from阻止。根据语境和后文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此可见，早期的版本并不是针对儿童的。故选C项。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雅各布·格林和威廉·格林自认为是爱国的民俗学学生。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking努力的；C. peculiar奇怪的；D. patriotic爱国的。根据语境和后文“As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.”可知，作为年轻的学者，格林兄弟为了拯救德国濒临灭绝的口头讲故事的传统，就开始着手编写童话故事集。由此推知，他们是爱国的。故选D项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在格林时代之前，讲故事就在小旅馆、谷仓和农民家里发展起来了。A. collection收藏品；B. storytelling讲故事；C. entertainment娱乐；D. meeting会议。根据语境和后文“During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic.”可知，在冬天的夜晚，当他们坐着纺柴时，女人们彼此作伴，用冒险、浪漫和魔法的故事来娱乐彼此。由此推知，早在格林时代之前，讲故事就发展起来了。故选B项。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林兄弟讲故事，其中许多人去了他们在卡塞尔的家。A. Besides另外；B. Altogether总共；C. However然而；D. Similarly类似地。根据语境和后文“40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms”可知，总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林夫妇讲故事。故选B项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事，但威廉对这些故事进行了润色和修改，直到1857年的最终版本。A. creating创造；B. developing发展；C. reviewing回顾；D. recording记录。根据语境和前文“the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them”可知，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。由此推知，两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事。故选D项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。A. accustomed习惯的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cruel残酷的；D. compared比较的。根据语境和前文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此推知，为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。故选B项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照格林兄弟的说法，这本书是一本“礼仪手册”。A. manners礼仪；B. parentship为人父母；C. publishing出版；D. adaptation适应。根据语境和后文“To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.”可知，直到今天，父母还会把这些书读给孩子听，因为他们认同故事中的教训：遵守诺言，不要和陌生人说话，努力工作，听父母的话。由此推知，两兄弟说这个故事集是教给了孩子们礼仪，起到了“礼仪手册”的作用。故选A项。 52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了它们的流行呢？A. results from由……引起；B. depends on依靠；C. accounts for导致；D. responds to回应。根据语境和后文“Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness.”可知，有些人认为这是因为人物总是在为幸福而奋斗。由此推知，此处是问到底是什么导致了这些故事的流行。故选C项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但真相可能在于它们的起源。A. appeal呼吁；B. flexibility灵活性；C. availability可用性；D. origin起源。根据语境和后文“The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition”可知，格林兄弟的故事诞生于一个讲故事的传统，因此这些故事流行的原因在于它们的起源。故选D项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《格林童话》诞生于一种讲故事的传统，没有年龄和文化的界限。A. boundaries界限；B. influences影响；C. indications迹象；D. distributions分布。根据语境和后文“The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing”可知，兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种通用的写作风格，因此《格林童话》是没有年龄和文化的界限的。故选A项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种普遍的写作风格，似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时所带来的任何情绪或兴趣。A. writing写；B. sharing分享；C. reading读；D. beginning开始。根据常识和后文“of them”可知，我们阅读《格林童话》里的故事。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A AAVE Camp Camp Address: 2308 Fossil Trace, Colorado 80401, USA (800)2223-3595 Since 2016, AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language. Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet. Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address: PO. Box|568, Oregon 97883, USA (888) 4209-7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp. You will receive instructions on riding a horse, ride the high mountains, play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west. You’ll sleep in tents, eat western food and ride your horse all day, every day! Traditional Camp Camp Address: P. O. Box819/200, Arrowhead Rd. Hunt, Texas 78024. USA (886)6817-2173 Established in 2008, we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River. Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered. Our specialty is FUN! Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA (212) 6743-4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world. Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest. 56．AAVE Camp is designed for ________. A．adventure lovers B．foreign travellers C．creative teenagers D．professional sportsmen 57．Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere, so she can call ________ for more information. A．(800) 2223-3595 B．(888) 4209-7855 C．(886) 6817-2173 D．(212) 6743-4300 58．Lucy’s dream is to be a film actress, so she’d probably go to ________ to attend a camp. A．Colorado B．Oregon C．Texas D．New York 【参考答案】 56．A 57．C 58．D 【语篇解读】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个夏令营的主要内容。 【详情解析】 56．细节理解题。根据AAVE Camp部分中“Since 2016, AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language.(从2016年开始，AAVE夏令营以冒险旅行、领导力和学习为主题。AAVE激发青少年的责任感。在我们的冒险中，我们露营、攀岩、骑山地自行车、冲浪、航海，或者学习一门外语。)”可知，AAVE是为冒险爱好者而设计的。故选A项。 57．细节理解题。根据Traditional Camp部分中“Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered.(我们的使命是为女孩们提供一个安全和积极的氛围，通过提供的许多活动，培养她们的自信和才能。)”以及“(886)6817-2173((886)6817 - 2173)”可知，Catherine想要在一个安全和积极的氛围中培养她的自信，所以她可以致电Traditional Camp的联系电话获取更多信息。故选C项。 58．细节理解题。根据Filmmaking and Acting Camp部分中“The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world.(纽约电影学院是一个独特的教育机构，致力于提供世界上最专注的电影制作指导。)”以及“Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA(营地地址：100东17街，纽约10003，美国)”可知，Lucy的梦想是成为一名电影演员，所以她可能会去纽约参加一个夏令营。故选D项。 B Beauty that can’t be seen In the serene town of Willowbrook resided the young maiden Lily. Her skin bore the intricate tapestry of a rare condition, a mosaic of scars and blemishes that danced across her face like a testament to the trials she had endured. Yet, within this canvas of imperfections, Lily’s heart radiated a warmth that enveloped all who crossed her path in a tender embrace. One fateful afternoon, as the sun descended in a cascade of golden hues, Lily’s path intertwined with that of Lucas, a young man whose world was veiled in eternal darkness. Drawn by the angelic voice of Lily and the kindness that exuded from her very being, Lucas found comfort in her presence. Their friendship blossomed like a delicate flower, each moment spent together a symphony of shared laughter and unspoken understanding. As the days bring more shared experiences, Lucas found himself fascinated by the world as perceived through Lily’s eyes. In her, he discovered a kaleidoscope (万花筒) of beauty that transcended the confines of sight, a beauty woven from threads of kindness, compassion, and unwavering attitude. Though his eyes could not behold the physical scars that adorned Lily’s form, his heart beheld the true essence of her being — a luminous spirit that lightened the darkest corners of his world. With each passing day, their bond deepened, evolving into a romance that defied the conventions of superficiality and embraced the profound connection that existed between their souls. Lily and Lucas found a beauty that transcended the limitations of physical form, a beauty that dwelled in the uncharted depths of their souls. Their love became a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit, a reminder that true beauty is not merely skin-deep but a radiant light that originates from the very core of our being, touching the hearts of all who dare to see beyond the surface. 59．How did Lucas, who was blind, come to appreciate beauty in Lily’s unique perspective? A．by restoring his eyesight through a series of surgeries B．by listening to her angelic voices describing her own beauty C．by spending time with her and seeing the world through her eyes D．by imagine the fascinating world in the eyes of Lily 60．What qualities in Lily did Lucas recognize as true beauty despite the physical scars he can’t see? A．Her commitment to comforting others with her beautiful voice B．Her kindness, compassion, and unwavering strength in difficult life C．Her sympathy and hopefulness for physically-challenged people like Lucas D．Her bravery in developing real friendship to romance despite social dispute 61．In Paragraph 4, the underlined word transcended is closest in meaning to _________? A．went beyond B．depended on C．broke through D．passed over 62．Which of the following definition of beauty best identifies with the essence of the story of Lily and Lucas? A．Beauty is a subjective preference for what might be unfavorable in others’ opinion B．Beauty is not skin-deep but a radiant light that grows from within and enlightens others C．Beauty is what provides pleasure to the senses, either in visual or audio way D．Beauty is something in good proportion that creates aesthetic harmony and appeal 【参考答案】 59．C 60．B 61．A 62．B 【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了少女莉莉虽然脸上有伤疤，但是盲人卢卡斯看到了她的内在美。莉莉和卢卡斯发现了一种超越形体限制的美，一种存在于他们灵魂深处的美。 【详情解析】 59．细节理解题。根据第二段“Drawn by the angelic voice of Lily and the kindness that exuded from her very being, Lucas found comfort in her presence. Their friendship blossomed like a delicate flower, each moment spent together a symphony of shared laughter and unspoken understanding. (被莉莉天使般的声音和从她身上散发出来的善良所吸引，卢卡斯在她的面前找到了安慰。他们的友谊像娇嫩的花朵一样绽放，在一起度过的每一刻都是共同欢笑和无言理解的交响乐。)”以及第三段“As the days bring more shared experiences, Lucas found himself fascinated by the world as perceived through Lily’s eyes. (随着日子一天天过去，卢卡斯发现自己被莉莉眼中的世界迷住了。)”可知，盲人卢卡斯通过花时间和她在一起，通过她的眼睛看世界，来从莉莉独特的视角来欣赏美。故选C。 60．细节理解题。根据第三段“In her, he discovered a kaleidoscope (万花筒) of beauty that transcended the confines of sight, a beauty woven from threads of kindness, compassion, and unwavering attitude. (在她身上，他发现了一种超越视觉界限的万花筒般的美，一种由善良、同情和坚定不移的态度交织而成的美。)”可知，尽管莉莉身上有他看不见的伤疤，卢卡斯还是认为她美丽是因为她的善良、同情和在困难生活中坚定不移的力量。故选B。 61．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“a beauty woven from threads of kindness, compassion, and unwavering attitude”以及“Though his eyes could not behold the physical scars that adorned Lily’s form, his heart beheld the true essence of her being — a luminous spirit that lightened the darkest corners of his world. (虽然他的眼睛看不到莉莉身体上的伤疤，但他的心看到了她存在的真正本质——一个明亮的灵魂，照亮了他世界最黑暗的角落。)”可知，卢卡斯发现了一种超越视觉界限的万花筒般的美，一种由善良、同情和坚定的态度编织而成的美。故划线词意思是“超越”。故选A。 62．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Their love became a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit, a reminder that true beauty is not merely skin-deep but a radiant light that originates from the very core of our being, touching the hearts of all who dare to see beyond the surface. (他们的爱证明了人类精神的持久力量，提醒我们真正的美不仅仅是肤浅的，而是一种来自我们生命核心的光芒，触动了所有敢于看穿表面的人的心。)”可知，美不是肤浅的，而是一种从内心发出的光芒，它能照亮他人对美的定义最符合莉莉和卢卡斯故事的本质。故选B。 C The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 63．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 64．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 65．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 66．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars 【参考答案】 63．B 64．C 65．C 66．A 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。 【详情解析】 63．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream”以及后文“Well, the future is apparently now.(好吧，未来显然就是现在)”可知，上文提到自动驾驶机器人汽车的可能性常常看起来像是未来主义者的梦想，暗示距离自动驾驶机器人汽车开始在现实中存在还有很多年时间，然而如今已经实现了。故划线词意思是“开始存在”。故选B。 64．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.(我们是想用无人驾驶汽车复制——甚至更糟——今天的交通状况吗?想象一下，大多数成年人拥有个人自动驾驶汽车的未来。他们可以忍受在拥挤的高速公路上漫长而缓慢的上下班旅程，因为他们可以在路上工作、娱乐或睡觉，这鼓励了城市的传播。他们开着无人驾驶汽车去约会，让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或去干洗衣服，而是派出了自动驾驶的小巴。这种便利甚至导致乘坐公共交通工具的人更少——研究人员已经在叫车服务中发现了一个不受欢迎的副作用)”可知，第3段主要讨论了自动驾驶汽车可能产生的不良影响。故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.(政策制定者现在应该开始考虑如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们今天汽车控制的交通系统的最坏方面。即将到来的技术进步为城市和州提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，旨在运送更多的人，更实惠。未来的汽车即将到来。我们只需要做好计划)”可知，我们应该让自动驾驶汽车成为更好的交通工具。故选C。 66．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.(今年4月，加州机动车辆管理局开始批准公司在公共道路上测试真正的自动驾驶汽车。该州还为公司出售或出租自动驾驶汽车以及公司运营无人驾驶出租车服务扫清了道路。应该指出的是，加州在这方面并没有走在前面。公司已经在全国各地的城市测试了他们的汽车。很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时会在我们的道路上随处可见。但无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市，是好是坏，这取决于如何监管这种转变)”结合文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。可知，A选项“让城市为自动驾驶汽车做好准备”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 67 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 68 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 69 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 70 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. 【参考答案】 67．F 68．A 69．C 70．E 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明拥有权力会引起人脑损伤。 【详情解析】 67．空前说“Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury (加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授Dacher Keltner在长达20年的研究中发现，受权力影响的受试者表现得就像遭受了脑损伤一样)”，空前有个冒号，说明空格处要解释说明这些受试者像遭受了脑损伤一样的具体表现是什么，F选项“They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. (他们变得更冲动，更缺乏风险意识，至关重要的是，更无法从别人的角度看问题。)”陈述的是像脑损伤一样的表现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 68．空前说“Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. (麦克马斯特大学的神经科学家Sukhvinder Obhi最近也描述了类似的情况。)”，空格处应该介绍Sukhvinder Obhi是干什么的，A选项“Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. (与研究行为的Keltner不同，Obhi研究的是大脑。)”说明了Obhi是研究大脑的人，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 69．空前说“Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. (一旦我们拥有了权力，我们就会失去一些最初获得权力所需的能力。)”，空格处应该说这种能力的丧失会有什么影响，C选项“That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. (这种能力的丧失已经以各种创造性的方式表现出来。)”中的“That loss in capacity”和空前的“we lose some of the capacities”呼应，且说明了这种能力的丧失有各种表现，因此承接上文，引出下文具体的实验和研究结果，符合语境。故选C。 70．空前说“People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. (人们倾向于模仿上级的表情和肢体语言，但有权有势的人不会模仿别人。)”，说明有权有势的人不会模仿别人，空后说“It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. (它有助于触发其他人正在经历的同样的感觉，并提供了一个窗口，了解它们来自哪里。)”，说明了某个事情的好处，而这个事情应该出现在空格处，因此空格处应该会说其实模仿他人是有好处的，E选项“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. (别人笑的时候笑，别人紧张的时候紧张，这很重要。)”中的“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense”就是模仿，说明模仿别人是有好处的，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Eleven-year-old Kristina shouted on the phone. Vera, her mother, packing lunches for her two children, heard the shouting and dashed to Kristina. Kristina gave her the phone. Kristina was talking to her father at his doctor’s office in Moscow, Russia. “Vlad, why is Kristina shouting?” began Vera in Russian. “Vera, this afternoon I must attend a conference at her school. But I cannot be there. I have an important meeting. Why don’t you attend it?” Vlad replied. “How can I go?” “You are not going to a forest. You’ll be fine!” “I know, but I can’t speak English properly. It’s a rule at her school.” “You can manage. GO!” Vera turned to Kristina, “Kristina, your father is busy. I will come instead of him.” Kristina shouted, “Mother, you can’t speak English. How can you come to the conference? NO!” She plowed through her mother and ran sobbing. But Vera convinced Kristina. As there was no option, she agreed and left for school. Vera was depressed. She felt that if only she knew English, she could avoid such situations. “But how is it possible for me to learn English while balancing so many tasks?” Suddenly, she realized that Andrei was getting late, so she got him ready and walked him to school. In the afternoon, Vera attended the conference at the school. All the teachers and staff gave a warm welcome to Vera. Kristina kept quieting her mother. All she said were phrases like, “You are embarrassing!” “Stop talking!” and “You do not know English!” Ignoring her daughter’s comments, Vera managed to keep her cool and finished the meeting. After delivering a cake to a customer, Vera went home to start dinner. At home, she asked her mother-in-law where Kristina was. She said that Kristina had gone to study with her friends. While they were talking, Kristina walked in. Vera asked, “Why did you go out? You can study at home, you know!” ”I have doubts about English Literature. Can YOU clarify them?” Kristina said in an arrogant (傲慢的) tone. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数要求70词左右； 2. 所续写内容要以上面段落为依据，前后衔接符合逻辑。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 After dinner, Vera complained about Kristina’s behavior to Vlad. Vera was tossing and turning when she thought about her hurt feelings. The next day, she saw an advertisement from LCC, the London Language Center, on the TV. They offered English classes to newcomers. Vera called their number and signed up for a four-week course. Every day, she managed to attend the class. She grasped every chance to communicate in English. In the last week, she announced the happy news to the family in English that she passed the test. 【语篇解读】 本文以人物为线索展开，因为远在莫斯科的父亲Vlad无法出席女儿Kristina学校的会议，Kristina在电话里大喊大叫，母亲Vera听到后询问了情况，虽然担心自己英语说得不好，但是Vera被Vlad说服代替他参加Kristina学校的会议。Kristina得知这个消息后很不满，不希望说不好英语的Vera去参加会议，但因为没有选择只能妥协。下午Vera参加会议的时候，Kristina一直在让Vera安静，说Vera的英语很难听，Vera没有理会Kristina，尽力结束了会议。晚上Vera和婆婆交谈的时候，Kristina从同学家回来，用傲慢的语气回答Vera的问题，挖苦她不懂英国文学。 【详情解析】 1. 段落续写： 根据文中女儿Kristina不满的情绪、伤人的话语和傲慢的语气可推知，母亲Vera被伤害了，因此续写部分可描写Vera被伤害后的反应和心理活动，她如何采取行动改变自己英语不好的情况，以及最后的结果。 2. 续写线索：Kristina的不满——Vera受伤的反应和心理活动——Vera采取的行动——Vera行动的结果 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①抱怨：complain/moan/grumble ②想：think bout/give though to, deliberate about ③看到：see/spot/notice/catch sight of ④提供：offer/provide/give/present ⑤抓住：grasp/seize/catch/hold ⑥交流：communicate/talk/speak/converse/chat ⑦宣布：announce/declare/give out/set forth 情绪类 ①受伤的：hurt/grieved/sad ②令人高兴的：happy/joyful/pleasant 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Vera was tossing and turning when she thought about her hurt feelings.（从属连词when引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] In the last week, she announced the happy news to the family in English that she passed the test.（连接词that引导名词性从句作news的同位语） V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．这部纪录片旨在呼吁人们保护濒临灭绝的物种。(appeal)(汉译英) 【答案】This documentary aims to appeal to people to protect endangered species. 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。表示“旨在”应用动词短语aim to do，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式；表示“呼吁某人做某事”短语为appeal to sb. to do sth；“保护”可翻译为protect，“濒临灭绝的物种”可翻译为endangered species。故翻译为This documentary aims to appeal to people to protect endangered species. 73．聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) 【答案】At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic. 【详解】考查名词短语和固定句式。本句描述发生在过去的一般事实，用一般过去时。表示“聚会上”的介词短语为at the party；表示“回忆”的名词为memories，名词复数作主语；表示“为了理想而奋斗的岁月”可用名词短语the years of striving for ideals；表示“的”应用介词of；表示“似乎成为”固定句式appeared to be，谓语动词应用过去式，作谓语；表示“大家的共同话题”应用名词短语a common topic。句首字母大写，故翻译为At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic。 74．你越多练习武术，你就越能理解为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝。（the more…the more）(汉译英) 【答案】The more you practise martial arts, the better you will understand why it is a national treasure worth passing down. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据提示，“the more…the more”为固定短语，意为“越……就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，引导比较状语从句。根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“练习武术”可译为practise martial arts；“你就越能理解”翻译为the better you will understand，使用一般将来时；“为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝”翻译为：why it is a national treasure worth passing down，why引导宾语从句，be worth doing是固定结构，表示“值得做某事”，pass down是固定短语，表示“传承”。故答案为The more you practise martial arts, the better you will understand why it is a national treasure worth passing down. 75．少数民族服饰是一个国家的文化符号，在不同的历史时期用自己的方式绽放美丽，未来也将在树立民族形象方面起到越来越重要的作用。(way) (汉译英) 【答案】Ethnic minority costumes serve as cultural symbols of a nation, blossoming in their own ways during different historical periods, and will also play an increasingly important role in shaping national identity in the future. 【详解】考查短语、现在分词和时态。“少数民族服饰”为“ethnic minority costumes”，“用作”为“serve as”，“一个国家的文化符号”为“cultural symbols of a nation”，“少数民族服饰是一个国家的文化符号”描述的为科学事实，使用一般现在时，则翻译为“Ethnic minority costumes serve as cultural symbols of a nation.”；动词“绽放美丽”为“blossom”，它与主语“ethnic minority costumes”为主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，短语“用它们自己的方式”为“in their own ways”，短语“在不同的历史时期”为“during different historical periods”，则“在不同的历史时期用自己的方式绽放美丽”翻译为“blossoming in their own ways during different historical periods”；“在某方面起到越来越重要的作用”为“play an increasingly important role in”，“树立民族形象”为“shape national identity”，shape使用动名词形式作宾语，“在未来”为“in the future”，“也”为“also”，翻译“未来也将在树立民族形象方面起到越来越重要的作用”使用一般将来时，则翻译为“will also play an increasingly important role in shaping national identity in the future”，它和“Ethnic minority costumes serve as cultural symbols of a nation.”为并列关系，使用并列连词and连接。故翻译为：Ethnic minority costumes serve as cultural symbols of a nation, blossoming in their own ways during different historical periods, and will also play an increasingly important role in shaping national identity in the future. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学的王磊，你班本学期剩余一笔总额三千元的班费class fee结余，目前有两个方案：1．为教室添加一台空气净化器；2．为每位同学订阅一份英语周报Shanghai Students’ Post。请你给班委会class committee写一封信，谈谈你的看法，必须包括： 1．你赞同的方案； 2．你赞同该方案的理由； 3．你对于执行此方案的建议。 Dear class committee, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Dear class committee, As we all know, there is a class fee balance of 3,000 yuan remaining for this semester. At present, there are two ways to spend it: one is to add an air purifier to the classroom; the other is to subscribe to the Shanghai Students’ Post for each student. I am in favor of subscribing to the Shanghai Students’ Post. For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read. Yours, Wang Lei 【语篇解读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给班委会写一封信，谈谈对如何使用本学期剩余班费方案的看法。 【详情解析】 1.词汇积累 学期：semester → term 目前：at present → now 支持：be in favor of → support 机会：opportunity → chance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. 拓展句：Not only is the Shanghai Students’ Post a good journal for our English studies, but also it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons.(运用了关系代词which 引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read.(运用了连接代词what引导宾语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$