2025届新高考英语精准冲刺复习定语从句课件

定语从句 THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE 2025届新高考英语精准冲刺复习 ●限制性定语从句：主句从句中没有逗号。 oeg.It is the tree that I planted three years ago. ●非限制性定语从句：主句从句中常用逗号隔开。 oeg.Itis the tree,which I planted three years ago. 非限制性定语从句关系词中没有that 和why 定语从句分类 CHAPTER 1 基本概念和引导词 定语从句 THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE 引导词又称为关系词。 分关系代词和关系副词。 作用： 1.引导定语从句； 2.在从句中作一个成分； 3.代替先行词在从句中的 位置。 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰一个名词 或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 结构：先行词+引导词+从句 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的 名词或者代词。 引导词 关系代词 e。 。 。 关系代词在从句中充当主 语或者宾语。 关系代词后的谓语动词， 即从句的谓语动词，应与 先行词保持人称和数的 一 致，即主谓一致。 关系代词主要有以下几个词： who,that,whom,whose, :which,as 2 先行 词 关系词在 定语从句 中的成分 关系词 人 主 that/who 人 宾 that/who/ whom/ 物 主 that/which 物 宾 that/which 人物 定 whose 注：关系词在从句中做宾 语 时关系词可以 省略 。 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 词汇辨析 例 ：I met a girl who knew your sister. 从句 主句先行词 关系词 作主语 例：I met a girl who I want to marr. 主句先行词 从句 注 ：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 语 词 宾 系 作 关 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 词汇辨析 词汇辨析 用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通 常会被省略或用who 或that代之。如： The person is the manager. I complained to the person. The person to whom I complained is the manager. The person whom I complained to is the manager. who that whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词 为所属关系，可以指物也可以指人，可以与of which和 of whom互换使用。 例：Ilike the room whose window faces north. 主句 先行词 从句 语 词 定 系 作 关 词汇辨析 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 whose 人/物 定 语 词汇辨析 遇到以下情况只能用who, 不能用that。 1. 当先行词是one ,ones ,anyone , those 时，只能用who God helps those who help themselves. Those who have any difficulties with pronunciation should practice. 2.当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 which 物 主语/宾语 that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语 注： 一般在先行词为物体的时候，that 和which都可以互换。 例 ：She was not on the train that arrived just now. 从句 词汇辨析 关系词 作主语 先行词 主句 关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分 which 物 主语/宾语 that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语 注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 例 ：Is this the book that_you are lookingfor? 从句 词汇辨析 主句 先行词 关系词 作宾语 用法区别 在下列情况下，关系词用that 而不用which。 1. 当先行词是anything ,everything ,nothing Abby told me everything (that) she knew. All that can be done has been done. There is little (that) I can do for you. Any man that has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. (something 除 外 ) ,few ,all,none 时，或者是由any ,every ,all,some few,much,each 等修饰时： ,litle 等代词 ,no,little, 用法区别 在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。 2.当先行词被序数词修饰时： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时： This is the best movie that I have ever seen. 4. 当先行词被the very/only/same/last修饰时： This is the very good magazine that Ileft on the playground. After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned. 用法区别 在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。 5. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时： He talked happily of the things andpersons that he remembered studying in the school. 6. 当主句是who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句时： Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most? 7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时 ： The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 用法区别 在下列情况下，关系词只用which 而不用that。 1. 介词前置时 ，关系代词只能用which: I attend such activities regularly,from which I benefit a lot. 2 . 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能 用which Bruce doesn't listen to any advice, which makes his mother very annoyed. as 引导定语从句主要用于两种情况： 关系词as 一种是限定性定语从句，先行词通常被aS,s0,such,th ame修饰 Such people as have made great contributions to the world ●一种是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个 主 句 ，它在从句中作主语或宾语，此时as常译为“正如” As everybody knows,Shakespare was a great English writer. Tomis a brave boy,as is described in the report. should be greatly respected. ①as 可引导非限制性定语从句，常译 为“正如，正像”,as you know/as you see /as we planned/as we expected ②as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于 句首，而which 不可。 as与which的 区别 2. I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting. A.When B.After ★. As D.Since production plan. A.Which B.When 1. is often the case,we have worked out the C.What 两个句子— → 找出相同词，确定主从旬 句1: It is a beautiful song 句2: Most of us are very familiar with it. It is a beautiful song. Most of us are very familiar with it . 先行词 用词代替 >It is a beautiful song (that/which)most of us are very familiar with. 定语从句形成过程 me to"speak"with my hands. 3.Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring. Lucy is a smart girl.Her ideas are always inspiring.I sometimes 4.I sometimes have problems (that) I can't solve. When this happens,I always ask 5.Lucy is a good listener (that) Ienjoy sharing moments of my life with. imymcw 2.So Ilearnt a new language that allows me to “speak” with my hands. 1.Lucy is my friend that has a hearing problem. 2 Rewrite the underlined sentences with that,which,who,whom or whose. Lucy is my friend.She has a hearing problem.When she first came to my So I learnt a new language.It allows We want you to join us!The next walk that_ is open to new members is on 22 July You can also bring your friends.However Come along and join the fun! 4 Walk and Talk is a group¹ that _ meets every Sunday.It is free to join.Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone Whose weekends need some excitement.We are all teenagers 3 that love walking and making new friends. anyone5 who_you bing mut be over 12 yearsold. Complete the online forum post with that,which,who,whom or whose. Walking group welcomes new members! 一 找：定语从句和先行词 二 查：先行词在定语从句中充当什么 成分，即定语从句中的动词和先行 三选 词的搭配(主谓结构/动宾结构) :适合的关系词 解题方法：还原法 即 把先 行 词还原到定语从句中， 观察先行词在定语从句中做什么成分 . 判断关系词在定语从句中做什么成分 1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr.Wang.主语 2.The girl(whom/that/who)I metis Lucy.宾语 3.He lives in the room whose door is green.定语 4.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.宾语 5.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.定语 :6.I like the person to whom you just talked.宾语 考点 一 ：that和which 1.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2.This is the best book that I've ever read. 3.The only thing t hat matters is to find our way home. 4.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5.She heard a terrible noise, which_brought her heart into her mouth. .6,He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. 1.The earth is round, which/as is known to all. 2. As_is known to all,the earth is round. It _is known to all that the earth is round. 4.This is such an interesting book as we all like. This is so interesting a book as we all like. This is such an interesting book that we all like it. This is so interesting a book t hat we all like it. 考点二：as和which/that way 作先行词后跟定语从句的情况 way 作先行词且在从句中作状语时，关系词可填that/省略/in which 1 He managed to achieve his goal in a way 主语 that/which you thought was impossible. 2 The way thatin which/省略 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 状语 3 The way that/which _he explained to us was quite simple. 4 What surprised me was not what he said but the way that/in which/省略_he said it. 状语 关系副词在从句中引导状语从 句。 关系副词=介词+关系代词。 主要有以下几个词： where (=prep.+which) when (=prep.+which) why (=for which) 先行词 句中成分 地点地点状语 时间时间状语 原因原因状语 关系副词 where when why Q 3 关系副词 例 ：We reached apoint where a changeis needed. 主 先行词 作状语 从句 关系副词where 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 where 地点 地点状语 例：Shanghai is the city where Iwas born. 主句 先行词作状语从句 改 ：Shanghai is the city in which l was born. 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词+关系代词 where 地点 地点状语prep.+which 关系副词where 例：Thetime when we go toethe fnalycame. 先行词作状语 从句 主句 改 ：The time at which we got togetherfinally came. 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词+关系代词 when 时间 时间状语 prep.+which 关系副词when 例 ：Isillremember the daywhen Ifirst came to the school. 主句 先行词作状语 从句 改 ：I stillremember the day on whichl first came to the school. 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词+关系代词 when 时间 时间状语 prep.+which 关系副词when 例 ：Please tellme the reason why you are late. 主句 先行词 作状语 从句 改 ：Please tell me the reason for which you are late. 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词+关系代词 why 原因 原因状语 for which 关系副词why 1.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he dreamt coming back to for a long time. A.which B.where Jthat D.when 2.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A.which )where C.that D.when 从句不缺主宾表when/where/why 从句缺少主宾表 that/which 考点三：先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词 ‘The Magic Flute'are both museums now. A.where B.when C.there ★ which 2.Some pre-school children go to a day-center, they learn simple games and songs. A.which B.that C.while A. where 3.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a Practice makes perfect. 1.Mozart's birthplace and the house he composed 4.The reason he told me is funny. A.that B.as ★ why D.when day with my kids. A.who B.which C.why ★ when 从句不缺主宾表where 1.I think we have got to the point that we must insist on. 2.I think we have got to the point where a change is needed,or we would fail. 考点四：先行词是case /situation/point /condition/position 等抽象地点名词 从句缺少主宾表that/which Practice makes perfect. 1.Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A.which B.that C.when 右 .where 2.He's got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. A.which B.that C.when 度.where 3.I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. A.that B.as C./ 度 .where 4.Today,we'll discuss a number of cases happened in different regions. k.that B.as C./ D.where “介词+关系代词”结构也可 以引导定语从句。有以下几种 结构： 1.介词+whom/which The woman general still can remember the day on which she joined the army. 2.介词短语+whom/which The man has a house,in front of which is the sea. 3.不定代词或/数词+whom/which China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun. 4.名词+of which She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have writtenon my notebook. 介词+关系代词 介词的选用 1.选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配 I will never forget the day onwhich Ijoined the army. I will never forget the days duringwhich I worked in the school. I will never forget the year in which my son went to college. I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday, by which most people had had supper. 介词的选用 2. 选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯 Have you found the book for which I paid 29 dollars? Have you found the book on which I spent 29 dollars? Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot? Have you found the book about which she often talks? 3. 选用介词时要注意句意 1.The farm in which Ionce worked has taken on a new look. 2.Is this the house on which Shakespeare was born? 3.In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom _she could turn for help. 4.The English play in whichmy students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. 5.He was educated at the local high school,after which he went to Beijing University. 考点五：介词+关系代词(which/whom) 6.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on inside the house. 7.Luckily,we'd brought a road map without which we would have lost our way. 8.This is the teacher from whom we have learned a lot. 9.The gentleman about whom_you talked to me yesterday proved to be a thief. 10.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without_ whose help I would never have got this far. ①The new building th being built It is our new library. Trenew builing habuitistyerisorewlibrary. ③The new building that will be built next year is our new library. to be built ④ We will study in the house facing south. ⑤ The question discussed which faces southortant. which was discussed 定语从句与 非谓语动词 的转换 1.1)Mr Li has three daughters,none of whom is an engineer. 2)Mr Li has three daughters,but none of them is a dancer. 2.1)It was eleven o'clock when they went out of the cinema. 2)It was at eleven o'clock that _they went out of the cinema. 3.1)It was in the hospital that he came across a friend of his. 2)It was the hospital wherehe came across a friend of his. 4.1)We should go to the place where we are most needed. 2)We should go to the place that needs us most. 5.1)Mother didn't come back on December 25,whichwas my birthday. 2)Mother didn't come back home on December 25,whenshe was Ouoy Oi · 比练习 易错对 6.1)This is the room where he lived in his childhood. 2)This is the room which he lived in last year. 7.1)The teacher didn't know the reason _why_ she was absent yesterday? 2)The teacher couldn't accept the reason that _she explained yesterday? 8.1)We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things. 2)I don't like the way that he spoke to his mother. 3)This is the way that _he thought of to solve the problem. 9.1)He is such a good teacher a s _ we al like. 2)He is such a good teacher that we all like him. 3)He is a good teacher, which_ makes us respect him. 10.1)Rice doesn't grow well where there is not enough water. 2)I still remember the farm where my parents worked ten years ago. 11.1) As _we all know,China is rich in natural resources. 2) It _is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 3) What is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. 12.1)I'm surprised at all that he said at the meeting. 2)I'm surprised at whathe said at the meeting. 13.1) Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 2) Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 3) Those _ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. 14.1)This is one of the most interesting films that were shown last week. 2)This is the very one of the most interesting films that was shown last week. 15.1)He still lives in the room whose window faces to the east. 2)He stll lives in the room,the window of which faces to the east. 3)He stillives in the room that is in the north of the city. 4)He stillives in the room where there is a beautiful table. 16.1)Is this museum the one they visited yesterday? 2)Is this the museum that they visited yesterday? 3)Is this museum where they stayed yesterday? 4)Is this the museum where they stayed yesterday? 5)Is the museum that you visited yesterday beautiful? 6)It was the museum where you saw many treasures. 7)It was in the museum_ that you saw many treasures. 8)It was in the museum that you stayed in that you saw many treasures. 17.1) What_is known is that he has gone to college. 2) It _is known that he has gone to college. 3) As _is known,he has gone to college. 4)We all know that he has gone to college. 5)He has gone to college,whichmade us surprised. 6)He has gone to college and it _made us surprised. 7)He has gone to college, which surprised us. 8) What surprised us most was that he has gone to college. 18.1)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,where he became a manager years later. 2)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,which was important for him. 3)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,when he was already in his fifies. 4)It was in 1984 that_ he arrived in Beijing. 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