精品解析：福建省福州市第三中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考英语试卷

福州三中2023-2024学年第二学期高二期末考试 英语试卷 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What is the man doing? A. Tidying up the classroom. B. Preparing for a paper. C. Having a test. 2. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Play a game. B. Search for a key. C. Help her with the paperwork. 3. Where did the man go? A. His uncle’s house. B. A farmers’ market. C. A grocery store. 4. What does the man think is unacceptable behavior in Japan? A. Sitting cross-legged. B. Sitting in front of the old. C. Sitting with arms crossed in a big “X”. 5. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Exchange a new battery. B. Get a new charger. C. Request a return. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where is probably the man? A. Inside the house B. On the doorstep. C. In the car. 7. Why will the man turn back? A. To put away the chairs. B. To open the windows. C. To get his bag. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man expect the woman to do? A Set the table. B. Cook dinner. C. Do the dishes. 9. From which food can people in the West gain extra fun? A. Starters. B. Dessert. C. Sauce. 10. Who is probably Nancy? A. The man’s sister. B. The woman’s niece. C. The man’s daughter. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the man looking for? A. A flatmate. B. A neighbor. C. A renter. 12. Where will the man’s new workplace be located? A. In Central. B. In Stanmore. C. In Newtown. 13. What does the man say about Stanmore? A. It’s eco-friendly. B. It’s convenient. C. It’s car-free. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What happened to the woman yesterday? A. Her toilet was stuck. B. She hurt her foot. C. She fell off a chair. 15 Why is Cindy mentioned in the conversation? A. She dreams of purchasing a new bike. B. She has planned an outing with the woman. C. She will take care of the woman for two weeks. 16. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Avoid walking for three weeks. B. Reschedule the camping trip. C. Positively receive treatment. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker doing? A. Presenting the entertainers. B. Making an opening speech. C. Getting to know the audience. 18. What is Sarah Johnson known for? A. Her clever mind. B. Her energetic personality. C. Her important observations. 19. What is said about Mike Thompson? A. He has a unique stage. B. He has his own brand of humor. C. He is an excellent physical comedian 20. What does the speaker remind the listeners of? A. When to enjoy the show. B. Where to book tickets. C. How to get a special calendar. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A Why go to Madrid? There may be a slight chill (寒冷) in the air with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March but Spain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events. A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family. Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance (文艺复兴) painter El Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5 October. How to go? The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick. Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 ore way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city center. A taxi takes half the time. The fare to any station in the city centre is €4.50. A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid. 1. Who is most likely the intended reader of this text? A. Tourists seeking accommodations in Madrid. B. Art lovers in the U.K. planning to visit Madrid. C. Spanish students researching history of Madrid. D. Local residents looking for entertainment options 2. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid? A. EasyJet. B. Ryanair. C. Air Europa. D. British Airways. 3. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport? A. Take a taxi. B. Take a city bus. C. Take Metro line 8. D. Take the airport express bus. B We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cornell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things. The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one — and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all. Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve done, and the places we’ve been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.” Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It’s hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles of pleasure”. In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most. 4. Which one can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2? A. Dies away. B. Is too little. C. Is not real. D. Costs too much. 5. What does Gilovich think of experiences? A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things. B. Experiences can exist in our memory forever. C. Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves. D. Our experiences are what separate us from others. 6. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Spiritual wealth is of great value to us. B. Experiences can be compared with each other. C. Expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety. D. People are more likely to be impatient when buying things. 7. Which is the main idea of the passage? A. How can we gain happiness with money? B. How can we make happiness last long? C. Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things? D. Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things? C Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 8. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A. not widely supported B. costly to carry out C. generally recognized D. temporarily beneficial 9. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A. Drivers will become more productive employees. B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 10. Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B. They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C. They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 11. The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. D About two years ago, several lunar missions showed that some lunar soil contains minute amounts of water molecules. But where did water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon’s history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base. Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got that substance (物质) critical for life from solar wind bombarding (轰炸) the moon’s surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication on Saturday. In a previous study, published in June, Chinese scientists concluded that most water found on the moon may have originated in its interior. That study, like the new one, was conducted on lunar samples from China’s Chang’e-5 mission in 2020. The study in June found that lunar soil had around 30 parts per million of water content in the form of hydroxyl (羟基), a close chemical relative of water. However, lunar minerals may contain water content of up to 179 ppm. One ppm of water would yield (产生) around 1 gram of water per metric ton (公吨) of soil. The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon’s surface. The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang’e-5 mission. Lunar minerals such as pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine are likely the main reservoirs (水库) of solar wind-derived water. “This study has important implications for understanding the evolution of water on the lunar surface and evaluating the contribution of solar wind protons (质子) to the water reservoirs of the lunar surface, ”the researchers said. Lunar samples collected during the Chang’e-5 mission may hold the keys to answering these questions, since they are much younger than the ones collected by US and Soviet moon missions. So, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon’s water. 12. What is the first paragraph intended for? A. To answer the question. B. To introduce the topic. C. To clarify a concept. D. To help us know the moon better. 13. What do Chinese scientists find about the water found on the moon from the latest study? A. It could mainly come from the solar wind. B. It could originate in the moon’s interior. C. Lunar soil contains abundant amounts of water. D. Lunar minerals contain less water than expected. 14. What can we infer from Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6? A. Lunar soil contains more water than Lunar minerals do. B. Lunar minerals contain rich water coming from solar wind. C. Solar wind should account for the existence of water on the moon. D. The latest study basically confirmed all the estimates of previous study. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To report the success of the Chang’e-5 mission. B. To introduce how to build a sustainable moon base. C. To explain the role of solar wind on the moon. D. To report the findings of recent studies on the moon. 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers to tons of questions. Books and TV shows often rely on curiosity. People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens. ____16____ Many of history’s greatest discoveries were made by curious people. People wondered how processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them. Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, class will be more fun. ____17____ Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better informed and thus a more capable worker. What do you do if you’re not already curious? ____18____ If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the more interesting it becomes. As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. ____19____ Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions that they express. Don’t assume you already know what you need to know. Instead, search for alternate possibilities and points of view. ____20____ Remember, everyone knows something that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge. In the classroom or out of it, developing curiosity is sure to be worthwhile. A. Ask a lot of questions. B. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits. C. Accept a variety of resources to feed your curiosity. D. Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. E. Don’t always get your information from the same source. F. Curiosity drives the process of discoveries and innovation. G. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空自处的最佳选项。 I was then in my early twenties. Even though I was armed with a degree in Education, finding a ___21___ teaching job was not easy. I had to try some temporary ones. This year, when a golden opportunity ___22___ to teach 5th grade students in a local school. I ___23___ it and took things seriously. I ___24___ myself with lesson plans, taught with enthusiasm, and stayed ___25___ with the students. I had no hesitation in ___26___ the kids when they got the answer right, and encouraged them if they didn’t. One day when the kids were ___27___, a girl approached and handed me a ___28___ before she went home. On it was a lovely drawing full of childlike wonder, ___29___ by the words, “You are the best teacher I have ever had!” It really amazed me that one of my kind comments had ___30___ that girl’s heart greatly. I took that note home and ___31___ put it in a folder, looking on it as a ___32___ because it was very important. Anytime I was feeling down I would look at it and it proved to be a ___33___ . That experience showed me the ___34___ of just a single kind word. It encouraged me to continue to try my best each day to ___35___ love and kindness through my words and actions. Wish the same for others. 21. A. first-rate B. well-paid C. labor-saving D. full-time 22. A. escaped B. demanded C. arose D. arranged 23. A. jumped at B. thought about C. waited for D. dreamt of 24. A. occupied B. amused C. concerned D. contented 25. A. familiar B. positive C. strict D. consistent 26. A. evaluating B. supporting C. instructing D. congratulating 27. A. graded B. dismissed C. tested D. taught 28. A. note B. gift C. parcel D. book 29. A. judged B. indicated C. emphasized D. accompanied 30. A. hardened B. touched C. broken D. gladdened 31. A. simply B. casually C. carefully D. eagerly 32. A. reminder B. treasure C. proof D. secret 33. A. comfort B. fortune C. fantasy D. privilege 34. A. target B. application C. power D. principle 35. A. clarify B. find C. feel D. spread 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chang’e 6 returns with precious lunar samples China’s Chang’e 6 robotic mission finished ____36____ (success) on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon’s far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples the Chang’e 6’s reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset ____37____ (land) site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting ____38____ end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, ____39____ (challenge) effort. The Chang’e 6 mission, representing the world’s first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, ____40____ (consist) of four components — an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. Chang’e-6, named ____41____ the Chinese moon goddess, is the second mission to have touched down on the far side of the moon. Its predecessor, Chang’e-4, made history ____42____ the first to do so in 2019. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently ____43____ (face) away from Earth, are very distinct from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. It’s unclear ____44____ the two sides of the moon are so different; the samples collected by Chang’e-6 could provide some clues, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific _____45_____ (payoff). 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 书面表达(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，作为交换生正在英国Windmill College 学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦(scratch)到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学，你无法在原地等候车主。请留一张便条，内容包括： 1. 表明身份； 2 简述事情经过； 3. 道歉并表示愿意赔偿； 4. 联系方式（Tel:5893671 E-mail:lihua@windmillco.org）。 注意：1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 “Tiki!” I yelled desperately. Our dog, Tiki, had slipped out the door earlier that evening. Now I was searching the neighborhood trying to find him. My seven-year-old son, Jordan, was following behind. I was worried about Jordan. He had lost so much already. The last few months had been difficult. After getting divorced, I could no longer afford our house in Indianapolis. Jordan and I moved in with my parents in northern Indiana. Jordan missed his friends and his old school. Losing his childhood dog was the last thing he needed. We called out Tilki’s name until it was completely dark. We were forced to return home, empty-handed. “Mom, it’s all new here. What if Tiki can’t find Grandma’s house?” asked Jordan. “It’s okay,” I said. “He’s wearing his collar and dog tag (标牌).” It was at that moment that I realized Tiki’s tag listed our address and phone number in Indianapolis. If someone found him, they’d have no way to reach me. I felt sick to my stomach. The next day, I kept asking around to see if anyone had spotted him. But after two weeks, I began to lose hope. One afternoon, I found Jordan crying in his room. “At school, we had to write about our wishes,” he said. “I wrote, ‘I wish my dog would come home.’ Mrs. Rush hung our papers in the hallway. Every time I see my paper, I feel sad.” My heart broke for him. So later that week, when he put on a stained shirt from his old school back in Indianapolis, I just let it slide. If it helped him get through the school day, that was more important than looking put-together. When he got home that afternoon, he told me the school custodian (管理员) had asked him about his shirt. “I told him we just moved here from Indianapolis,” said Jordan. The next day, I got a call from Mrs. Rush. “I’m calling on behalf of our school custodian,” she began. “His grown daughter found a dog a few weeks ago, and he thinks it might be yours.” 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph1: Mrs. Rush didn’t know the details, but she passed on the daughter’s phone number. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: “What made your dad think the dog was ours?” I asked curiously. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 福州三中2023-2024学年第二学期高二期末考试 英语试卷 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the man doing? A. Tidying up the classroom. B. Preparing for a paper. C. Having a test. 2. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Play a game. B. Search for a key. C. Help her with the paperwork. 3. Where did the man go? A. His uncle’s house. B. A farmers’ market. C. A grocery store. 4. What does the man think is unacceptable behavior in Japan? A. Sitting cross-legged. B. Sitting in front of the old. C. Sitting with arms crossed in a big “X”. 5. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Exchange a new battery. B. Get a new charger. C. Request a return. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where is probably the man? A. Inside the house B. On the doorstep. C. In the car. 7. Why will the man turn back? A. To put away the chairs. B. To open the windows. C. To get his bag. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man expect the woman to do? A. Set the table. B. Cook dinner. C. Do the dishes. 9. From which food can people in the West gain extra fun? A. Starters. B. Dessert. C. Sauce. 10. Who is probably Nancy? A. The man’s sister. B. The woman’s niece. C. The man’s daughter. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the man looking for? A. A flatmate. B. A neighbor. C. A renter. 12. Where will the man’s new workplace be located? A. In Central. B. In Stanmore. C. In Newtown. 13. What does the man say about Stanmore? A. It’s eco-friendly. B. It’s convenient. C. It’s car-free. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What happened to the woman yesterday? A. Her toilet was stuck. B. She hurt her foot. C. She fell off a chair. 15. Why is Cindy mentioned in the conversation? A. She dreams of purchasing a new bike. B. She has planned an outing with the woman. C. She will take care of the woman for two weeks. 16. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Avoid walking for three weeks. B. Reschedule the camping trip. C. Positively receive treatment. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker doing? A. Presenting the entertainers. B. Making an opening speech. C. Getting to know the audience. 18. What is Sarah Johnson known for? A. Her clever mind. B. Her energetic personality. C. Her important observations. 19. What is said about Mike Thompson? A. He has a unique stage. B. He has his own brand of humor. C. He is an excellent physical comedian 20. What does the speaker remind the listeners of? A. When to enjoy the show. B. Where to book tickets. C. How to get a special calendar. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A Why go to Madrid? There may be a slight chill (寒冷) in the air with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March, but Spain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events. A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family. Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance (文艺复兴) painter El Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5 October. How to go? The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick. Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 ore way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city center. A taxi takes half the time. The fare to any station in the city centre is €4.50. A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid. 1. Who is most likely the intended reader of this text? A. Tourists seeking accommodations in Madrid. B. Art lovers in the U.K. planning to visit Madrid. C. Spanish students researching history of Madrid. D. Local residents looking for entertainment options 2. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid? A. EasyJet. B. Ryanair. C. Air Europa. D. British Airways. 3. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport? A. Take a taxi. B. Take a city bus. C. Take Metro line 8. D. Take the airport express bus. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了去马德里可以参观的展览以及交通方式。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Even more attractive are the cultural events.(更有吸引力的是文化活动。)”、第二段中的“A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso(西班牙最伟大的艺术家毕加索的生活和工作空间新展览)”和第三段中的“the Renaissance (文艺复兴) painter El Greco(文艺复兴时期画家埃尔·格列柯)”“an exciting exhibition(令人兴奋分展览)”可知，马德里有关于毕加索和埃尔·格列柯两位著名画家的展览。根据第四段中的“The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.(易捷航空提供的航班范围最广，从布里斯托尔、爱丁堡、盖特威克、利物浦和卢顿出发。英国航空公司及其姊妹航空公司伊比利亚航空公司联合了希思罗机场和伦敦城的力量。瑞安航空从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞；欧罗巴航空公司从盖特威克起飞。)”可知，本文具体介绍了从英国出发的航班。由此可推测出，计划到马德里旅游的英国艺术爱好者是本文的目标读者。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted(瑞安航空从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞)”可知，瑞安航空提供了从曼彻斯特到马德里的航班。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes.(巴拉哈斯机场位于市中心东北13公里处，地铁8号线有频繁的列车提供服务，但最短的地铁路程有点复杂，至少需要在Nuevos Ministerios站换乘一次，大约需要30分钟。)”和“The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time.(机场快线巴士每15至35分钟一班，昼夜不停；单程5欧元。到市中心需要40分钟。乘坐出租车要花一半的时间。)”可知，巴拉哈斯机场和市中心之间的路程，乘地铁8号线大约需要30分钟，乘坐机场快线巴士需要40分钟，乘坐出租车要花机场快线巴士一半的时间（即20分钟），由此可知，乘坐出租车最快。故选A。 B We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cornell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things. The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one — and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all. Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve done, and the places we’ve been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.” Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It’s hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles of pleasure”. In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most. 4. Which one can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2? A. Dies away. B. Is too little. C. Is not real. D. Costs too much. 5. What does Gilovich think of experiences? A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things. B. Experiences can exist in our memory forever. C. Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves. D. Our experiences are what separate us from others. 6. What can be inferred from the passage? A Spiritual wealth is of great value to us. B. Experiences can be compared with each other. C. Expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety. D. People are more likely to be impatient when buying things. 7. Which is the main idea of the passage? A. How can we gain happiness with money? B. How can we make happiness last long? C. Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things? D. Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things? 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句“We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm.(我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态)”可推知，新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的 ，很快就会“消失”，peters out对应的同义词应是“die away”。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的)”可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，因此我们的经历让我们与他人不同。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out.(问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失)”及第三段首句提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福)”及最后一段最后一句提到“Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的)”可推知，作者认为，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文内容特别是最后一段的“In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(换句话说，这种幸福很快就蒸发了，让我们想要更多。事情可能比经历更长，但留下的记忆是最重要的)”可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on?(我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢？)”可知，本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上呢？”故选C。 C Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 8. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A. not widely supported B. costly to carry out C. generally recognized D. temporarily beneficial 9. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A. Drivers will become more productive employees. B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 10. Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B. They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C. They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 11. The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。 D About two years ago, several lunar missions showed that some lunar soil contains minute amounts of water molecules. But where did water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon’s history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base. Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got that substance (物质) critical for life from solar wind bombarding (轰炸) the moon’s surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication on Saturday. In a previous study, published in June, Chinese scientists concluded that most water found on the moon may have originated in its interior. That study, like the new one, was conducted on lunar samples from China’s Chang’e-5 mission in 2020. The study in June found that lunar soil had around 30 parts per million of water content in the form of hydroxyl (羟基), a close chemical relative of water. However, lunar minerals may contain water content of up to 179 ppm. One ppm of water would yield (产生) around 1 gram of water per metric ton (公吨) of soil. The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon’s surface. The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang’e-5 mission. Lunar minerals such as pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine are likely the main reservoirs (水库) of solar wind-derived water. “This study has important implications for understanding the evolution of water on the lunar surface and evaluating the contribution of solar wind protons (质子) to the water reservoirs of the lunar surface, ”the researchers said. Lunar samples collected during the Chang’e-5 mission may hold the keys to answering these questions, since they are much younger than the ones collected by US and Soviet moon missions. So, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon’s water. 12. What is the first paragraph intended for? A. To answer the question. B. To introduce the topic. C. To clarify a concept. D. To help us know the moon better. 13. What do Chinese scientists find about the water found on the moon from the latest study? A. It could mainly come from the solar wind. B. It could originate in the moon’s interior. C. Lunar soil contains abundant amounts of water. D. Lunar minerals contain less water than expected. 14. What can we infer from Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6? A. Lunar soil contains more water than Lunar minerals do. B. Lunar minerals contain rich water coming from solar wind. C. Solar wind should account for the existence of water on the moon. D. The latest study basically confirmed all the estimates of previous study. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To report the success of the Chang’e-5 mission. B. To introduce how to build a sustainable moon base. C. To explain the role of solar wind on the moon. D. To report the findings of recent studies on the moon. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的水来自哪里。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But where did water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon’s history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base.(但是月球上的水是从哪里来的呢？回答这个问题可以帮助我们了解月球的历史和演化，但也可以让未来的工程师在建造可持续的月球基地时利用这一资源。)”可知，第一段提出了一个问题，然后讲述了中国科学家在这个问题上的新发现，所以第一段的目的是引入话题。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got that substance (物质) critical for life from solar wind bombarding (轰炸) the moon’s surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication on Saturday.(根据周六发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家发现，月球土壤中的矿物质可能已经获得了太阳风用氢离子轰击月球表面对生命至关重要的物质。)”和第五段中的“The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water.(最新的研究基本上证实了先前研究的估计，这些月球矿物可能含有更多的水。)”可知，中国科学家认为月球上的水可能来自太阳风。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。通读第五段中的“Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon’s surface.(此外，这项新研究将太阳风确定为月球表面存在水的关键机制。)”和第六段中的“The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang’e-5 mission.(研究发现，太阳风导致嫦娥五号任务收集的月球样本中的水含量至少为170 ppm。)”可知，太阳风对月球表面水的形成有很重要的作用。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段中的“But where did water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon’s history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base.(但是月球上的水是从哪里来的呢？回答这个问题可以帮助我们了解月球的历史和演化，但也可以让未来的工程师在建造可持续的月球基地时利用这一资源。)”引出本文讲述的话题，以及每一段中的首句话，比如第四段“The study in June found that lunar soil had around 30 parts per million of water content in the form of hydroxyl (羟基), a close chemical relative of water.(六月的研究发现，月球土壤中羟基的含水量约为30%，羟基是水的近亲。)”以及第五段中的“The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water.(最新的研究基本上证实了先前研究的估计，这些月球矿物可能含有更多的水。)”等均可看出，本文作者主要介绍了科学家的新发现，即月球上的水可能源自太阳风。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers to tons of questions. Books and TV shows often rely on curiosity. People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens. ____16____ Many of history’s greatest discoveries were made by curious people. People wondered how processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them. Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, class will be more fun. ____17____ Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better informed and thus a more capable worker. What do you do if you’re not already curious? ____18____ If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the more interesting it becomes. As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. ____19____ Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions that they express. Don’t assume you already know what you need to know. Instead, search for alternate possibilities and points of view. ____20____ Remember, everyone knows something that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge. In the classroom or out of it, developing curiosity is sure to be worthwhile. A. Ask a lot of questions. B. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits. C. Accept a variety of resources to feed your curiosity. D. Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. E. Don’t always get your information from the same source. F. Curiosity drives the process of discoveries and innovation. G. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了好奇心的好处以及提高好奇心的方法和策略。 【16题详解】 根据上文“People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens.(人们一直阅读或观看，因为他们想知道发生了什么)”以及下文讲述了好奇心的好处可知，此处与前文形成对比，并引出后文好奇心的好处，故B项“但是好奇心也会带来一些实际的好处。”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, class will be more fun.(即使你不打算成为一个发明者和研究者，好奇心也能在课堂上帮助你。如果你培养了学习的乐趣，教室就会变得更加有趣)”可知，此处指出好奇心可以在课堂上帮助你，也解释了好奇心如何让学习更有趣和投入，此处在说明好奇心带来的实际好处，故G项“你会出类拔萃，因为你会全身心地投入到学习过程中。”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“What do you do if you’re not already curious?(如果你已经不再感到好奇了，应该怎么做呢？)”可知，此处提出了问题，且空后的内容介绍了一些提高好奇心的方法和策略，故D项“幸运地是，好奇心是一种可以培养的技能。”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions that they express.(相反，学会去欣赏不同的人知道的事实，以及他们表达的不同的观点)”可知，此处与下文是对应关系，故E项“不要总是从相同的渠道获取资源”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据本段内容“Remember, everyone knows something that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it.(记住，每个人都知道一些你不知道的事情，弄清楚它们是什么，并询问它们是什么)”可知，本段内容主要提出培养好奇心的另一个方法——问问题，故A项“问很多问题。”能够概括本段大意，适合作本段主旨句，符合语境。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空自处的最佳选项。 I was then in my early twenties. Even though I was armed with a degree in Education, finding a ___21___ teaching job was not easy. I had to try some temporary ones. This year, when a golden opportunity ___22___ to teach 5th grade students in a local school. I ___23___ it and took things seriously. I ___24___ myself with lesson plans, taught with enthusiasm, and stayed ___25___ with the students. I had no hesitation in ___26___ the kids when they got the answer right, and encouraged them if they didn’t. One day when the kids were ___27___, a girl approached and handed me a ___28___ before she went home. On it was a lovely drawing full of childlike wonder, ___29___ by the words, “You are the best teacher I have ever had!” It really amazed me that one of my kind comments had ___30___ that girl’s heart greatly. I took that note home and ___31___ put it in a folder, looking on it as a ___32___ because it was very important. Anytime I was feeling down I would look at it and it proved to be a ___33___ . That experience showed me the ___34___ of just a single kind word. It encouraged me to continue to try my best each day to ___35___ love and kindness through my words and actions. Wish the same for others. 21. A. first-rate B. well-paid C. labor-saving D. full-time 22. A. escaped B. demanded C. arose D. arranged 23. A. jumped at B. thought about C. waited for D. dreamt of 24. A. occupied B. amused C. concerned D. contented 25. A. familiar B. positive C. strict D. consistent 26 A. evaluating B. supporting C. instructing D. congratulating 27. A. graded B. dismissed C. tested D. taught 28. A. note B. gift C. parcel D. book 29. A. judged B. indicated C. emphasized D. accompanied 30. A. hardened B. touched C. broken D. gladdened 31. A. simply B. casually C. carefully D. eagerly 32. A. reminder B. treasure C. proof D. secret 33. A. comfort B. fortune C. fantasy D. privilege 34. A. target B. application C. power D. principle 35. A. clarify B. find C. feel D. spread 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者20多岁时得到进入当地一所学校任教的机会。作者认真备课，热情上课，学生回答问题正确时作者会向他们表示祝贺，回答错误时则会鼓励他们。一天放学时，一个小女孩给了作者一张便笺，称作者是她遇到的最好的老师，这让作者非常惊讶。这次经历也让作者认识到善意的话语的力量。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我拥有教育学学位，但找到一份全职的教学工作并不容易。A. first-rate第一流的，极好的；B. well-paid薪金优厚的，高薪的；C. labor-saving节省劳力的；D. full-time全职的。根据上文的“Even though I was armed with a degree in Education”和下文的“I had to try some temporary ones”可知，此处表示虽然作者有教育学位，但找到一个全职的教学工作依旧不容易。因此作者不得不尝试一些临时的教学工作。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，当地一所学校出现了一个教五年级学生的绝佳机会。A. escaped逃离，逃走；B. demanded坚决要求；C. arose出现，产生；D. arranged安排，筹备。根据上文的“finding a 　　　1　　　 teaching job was not easy.”和下文的“took things seriously”以及对作者尽心尽力地教学、认真对待学生的描述可知，此处指当一个绝佳的机会出现时，作者迫不及待地抓住这次机会。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我欣然接受，认真对待。A. jumped at迫不及待地接受，欣然接受（机会或提议）；B. thought about考虑：C. waited for等待； D. dreamt of梦想。根据后文“I 　　　4　　　 myself with lesson plans, taught with enthusiasm, and stayed 　　　5　　　 with the students.”可知，作者尽心尽力地教学、认真对待学生。所以此处指当一个绝佳的机会出现时，作者迫不及待地抓住这次机会。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忙于制定课程计划，充满热情地教学，并对学生保持积极的态度。A. occupied使忙于（做某事）；B. amused逗笑；C. concerned涉及；D. contented满足。根据上文的“took things seriously”可知，此处指作者忙于课程计划。此处是固定搭配：occupy oneself with sth.意为“忙着做某事”。故选A项。 25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我忙于制定课程计划，充满热情地教学，并对学生保持积极的态度。A. familiar熟悉的；B. positive积极的；C. strict严格的；D. consistent一致的。根据上文的“taught with enthusiasm”和下文作者对学生的态度可知，此处强调作者始终积极地对待学生。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们回答正确时，我会毫不犹豫地祝贺他们，如果他们没有回答正确，我会鼓励他们。A. evaluating评价；B. supporting支持；C. instructing指示；D. congratulating祝贺。根据下文的“when they got the answer right, and encouraged them if they didn’t”并结合常识可知，学生回答问题正确时作者会向他们表示祝贺。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，孩子们放学了，一个女孩走到我面前，在回家之前递给我一张纸条。A. graded分级；B. dismissed解散；C. tested考验；D. taught教。根据下文的“before she went home”可知，此处表示一天，当学生放学时。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，孩子们放学了，一个女孩走到我面前，在回家之前递给我一张纸条。A. note便条；B. gift礼物；C. parcel包裹；D. book书。根据下文的“I took that note home”可知，一个女孩走过来给了作者一张便笺。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上面是一幅可爱的画，充满了孩子般的好奇，并配上了这样一句话：“您是我遇到过的最好的老师！”A. judged评判；B. indicated表明；C. emphasized重读；D. accompanied附带。根据空前的“On it was a lovely drawing full of childlike wonder”和空后的“by the words,‘You are the best teacher I have ever had!’”可知，便笺上是一幅可爱的画，充满了孩子般的好奇，还附有一些文字。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我的一句善意的话深深地打动了那个女孩的心。A. hardened硬化；B. touched感动；C. broken损坏；D. gladdened使高兴。根据上文的“You are the best teacher I have ever had”可知，作者善意的话语触动了那个女孩的心。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我把那张纸条带回家，小心翼翼地放在一个文件夹里，把它当作珍宝，因为它非常重要。A. simply简单地；B. casually随意地；C. carefully小心；D. eagerly急切地。根据后文“because it was very important.”可知，它非常重要，所以应是小心翼翼地放在一个文件夹里符合实际。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把那张纸条带回家，小心翼翼地放在一个文件夹里，把它当作珍宝，因为它非常重要。A. reminder引起回忆的事物；B. treasure珍宝；C. proof证明；D. secret秘密。根据上文的“I took that note home and 　　　11　　　 put it in a folder”和下文的“because it was very important”可知，作者很珍视这个便笺，把它视为珍宝。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我情绪低落的时候，我就会看看它，事实证明它是一种安慰。A. comfort安慰；B. fortune财富；C. fantasy幻想；D. privilege特权。根据上文的“Anytime I was feeling down I would look at it”可知，每次作者感到情绪低沉时，都会看看这张便笺。由此可知，这张便笺对作者来说是一种安慰。故选A项。 34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次经历向我展示了一句友善的话语的力量。A. target目标；B. application应用；C. power力量；D. principle原则。根据后文“It encouraged me to continue to try my best each day to 　　　15　　　 love and kindness through my words and actions.”可知，那句话一直鼓励着作者，所以是向他展示了一句友善的话语的力量。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它鼓励我继续每天尽我最大的努力，通过我的言行来传播爱和善良。A. clarify澄清；B. find找到；C. feel感觉到；D. spread传播。根据后文“love and kindness through my words and actions”结合选项可知，应是“通过我的言行来传播爱和善良”符合语境。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chang’e 6 returns with precious lunar samples China’s Chang’e 6 robotic mission finished ____36____ (success) on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon’s far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples the Chang’e 6’s reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset ____37____ (land) site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting ____38____ end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, ____39____ (challenge) effort. The Chang’e 6 mission, representing the world’s first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, ____40____ (consist) of four components — an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. Chang’e-6, named ____41____ the Chinese moon goddess, is the second mission to have touched down on the far side of the moon. Its predecessor, Chang’e-4, made history ____42____ the first to do so in 2019. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently ____43____ (face) away from Earth, are very distinct from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. It’s unclear ____44____ the two sides of the moon are so different; the samples collected by Chang’e-6 could provide some clues, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific _____45_____ (payoff). 【答案】36. successfully 37. landing 38. an 39. challenging 40. consisting 41. after 42. as 43. faces 44. whether##if 45. payoffs 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了嫦娥六号圆满完成任务，从月球背面带回了珍贵的样本。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：中国的嫦娥六号航天任务于周二下午成功完成，首次将月球背面的科学珍贵样本带回地球。空处应用副词，修饰动词finishes。successfully意为“成功地”。故填successfully。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：携带月球样本的嫦娥六号返回舱于下午2点07分在内蒙古自治区四子王旗的预定着陆点着陆，结束了为期53天的航天行动，其中含有许多复杂而富有挑战性的努力。空处应用名词landing，意为“降落，着陆”，作定语修饰名词site。故填landing。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意参考上题。put an end to...意为“结束……”，为固定搭配。故填an。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意参考第2题。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰effort。challenging意为“挑战性的”。故填challenging。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这艘重达8.35吨的航天器由中国空间技术研究院设计建造，由四个部件组成——轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回舱。本句的谓语部分为was designed and built，且空处和前面没有连词连接，所以应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The 8.35-ton spacecraft和consist之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。consist of意为“由……组成”。故填consisting。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：嫦娥六号以中国月亮女神的名字命名，是第二次在月球背面着陆的任务。name...after...意为“以……命名……”。故填after。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为第一个这样做的飞船，它的前身嫦娥四号在2019年创造了历史。根据空后的“the first to do so”可知，这里表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 【43题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家表示，永久背对地球的远侧与从地球上可见的近侧的景观和物理特征非常不同。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the far side，表示单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填faces。 【44题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：尚不清楚月球的两面是否如此不同；嫦娥六号收集的样本可能会提供一些线索，并可能带来一系列宝贵的科学回报。It作形式主语，空处引导的是真正的主语从句。结合unclear可知，这里表示不确定，即“是否”，所以可用whether或if引导。It is unclear whether/if...意为“不确定是否……”。故填whether/if。 【45题详解】 考查名词的数。句意参考上题。payoff意为“好处，回报”，为可数名词，前面有a range of，所以应用名词复数。故填payoffs。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 书面表达(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，作为交换生正在英国Windmill College 学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦(scratch)到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学，你无法在原地等候车主。请留一张便条，内容包括： 1. 表明身份； 2. 简述事情经过； 3. 道歉并表示愿意赔偿； 4. 联系方式（Tel:5893671 E-mail:lihua@windmillco.org）。 注意：1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Sir/Madam， I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China, studying at Windmill College. I’m so sorry that my bike scratched your car when I was riding to school this morning. I understand it will certainly put you in a very bad mood. I sincerely apologize for what I did and promise I will cover all the relevant costs. As school will start soon, I can’t wait on the scene for you. Please contact me at 5893671 or lihua@windmillco.org. Many apologies again for all the inconvenience I’ve caused you! Best regards! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】这篇书面表达属于应用文写作，要求写一张便条。 【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，作为交换生正在英国Windmill College 学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦(scratch)到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学，你无法在原地等候车主。人称为第一人称，时态应为一般过去时和一般将来时。 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：scratch刮擦，mood心情，sincerely真诚地，apologize道歉，promise承诺，relevant相关的，on the scene在场，inconvenience不方便。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如：I’m so sorry that my bike scratched your car when I was riding to school this morning.状语从句的运用；I sincerely apologize for what I did and promise I will cover all the relevant costs. 宾语从句的运用。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 “Tiki!” I yelled desperately. Our dog, Tiki, had slipped out the door earlier that evening. Now I was searching the neighborhood trying to find him. My seven-year-old son, Jordan, was following behind. I was worried about Jordan. He had lost so much already. The last few months had been difficult. After getting divorced, I could no longer afford our house in Indianapolis. Jordan and I moved in with my parents in northern Indiana. Jordan missed his friends and his old school. Losing his childhood dog was the last thing he needed. We called out Tilki’s name until it was completely dark. We were forced to return home, empty-handed. “Mom, it’s all new here. What if Tiki can’t find Grandma’s house?” asked Jordan. “It’s okay,” I said. “He’s wearing his collar and dog tag (标牌).” It was at that moment that I realized Tiki’s tag listed our address and phone number in Indianapolis. If someone found him, they’d have no way to reach me. I felt sick to my stomach. The next day, I kept asking around to see if anyone had spotted him. But after two weeks, I began to lose hope. One afternoon, I found Jordan crying in his room. “At school, we had to write about our wishes,” he said. “I wrote, ‘I wish my dog would come home.’ Mrs. Rush hung our papers in the hallway. Every time I see my paper, I feel sad.” My heart broke for him. So later that week, when he put on a stained shirt from his old school back in Indianapolis, I just let it slide. If it helped him get through the school day, that was more important than looking put-together. When he got home that afternoon, he told me the school custodian (管理员) had asked him about his shirt. “I told him we just moved here from Indianapolis,” said Jordan. The next day, I got a call from Mrs. Rush. “I’m calling on behalf of our school custodian,” she began. “His grown daughter found a dog a few weeks ago, and he thinks it might be yours.” 注意： 1.所续写短文词数应为150左右； 2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph1: Mrs. Rush didn’t know the details, but she passed on the daughter’s phone number. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: “What made your dad think the dog was ours?” I asked curiously. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Mrs. Rush didn’t know the details, but she passed on the daughter’s phone number. Pinching the little scrap with the “possible-Tiki” phone number, I was hopeful mingled with fear——What if it’s not our Tiki? I still dialed anyway. Seconds later, the phone was connected. “He’s a small white dog and his tag says TIKI,” the lady on the phone said. Then we reached an agreement to have a check in person. Jordan and I piled into the car and rushed over. Minutes later, Jordan was sitting on the floor in the custodian’s daughter’s kitchen, laughing while Tiki licked his face. “What made your dad think the dog was ours?” I asked curiously. She told me that she’d mentioned to him that she’d found a little dog. A few weeks later, he was mopping the hallway when he spotted the kids’ latest essays. He paused to read Jordan’s. Could it be the same dog? His daughter said no, the dog had Indianapolis tags with a disconnected phone number. “But then he noticed Jordan’s Indianapolis T-shirt and put two and two together?” I said, connecting the dots. She nodded. That night, Jordan thanked everything for bringing Tiki home. And I thanked everything for prompting me to let Jordan wear the ratty old T-shirt that made the reunion possible. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者离婚后，儿子乔丹和他搬去印第安纳州北部和父母住。乔丹想念他的朋友和他的母校。偏偏儿时的狗提基走丢了。在学校，乔丹写下希望自己的狗能回家的愿望，巧合的是学校的管理员的女儿捡到了提基，因为乔丹穿那件破旧的T恤，让作者他们与小狗的重聚成为可能的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“拉什太太不知道细节，但她留下了女儿的电话号码。”可知，第一段可描写作者打电话联系了拉什太太女儿，与她确认是否对方捡到的是提基的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“‘是什么让你爸爸认为那只狗是我们的?’我好奇地问道。”可知，第二段可描写对方是如何把这只狗和作者丢失的狗联系起来的。 2.续写线索：期待——打电话——重聚——好奇——感谢 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①捏着：pinch/nip/tweak/hold ②提及：mention/refer to ③注意到：notice/be aware/ observe 情绪类 ①充满希望的：hopeful /full of hope/promiseful ②感谢：thank/show one’s appreciation/show one’s gratitude/be grateful 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Pinching the little scrap with the “possible-Tiki” phone number, I was hopeful mingled with fear——What if it’s not our Tiki? (由现在分词做状语) [高分句型2]. And I thanked everything for prompting me to let Jordan wear the ratty old T-shirt that made the reunion possible. 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