15.英语·2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)【名校强基卷】2020-2024年5年高考英语真题汇编

要点二:①Asa regular reader of Youth,I am always ab- 3.D 考查名词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“the seats were sorbed in columns for teenagers.from which I can get inspir- so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could man ing stories and gain much pleasure from exciting news. ageto”及语境可知,此处指只有睡得很沉的人才能得到休 ②As a loyal reader of Youth,I am often attracted by the 息。rest意为“休息时间,睡眠时间”,符合语境。故选D。 wonderful content of the column for young people,which not 4. C 考查形容词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“with fire in only inspires me,but also makes me get pleasure from the ex- hereyes”和下文中的“too”及语境可知,此处指作者也开始 citing news. 生气了。angry意为“生气的”,符合语境。故选C。 结尾句:①l sincerely hope that Youth can make greater 5.B 考查副词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“but thewoman progress and attract more readers to share their stories. droppedofftosleep”及语境可推知,此处指孩子仍然清醒 ②I sincerely hope that Youth will develop further and 地(坐)在妈妈的膝盖上,但那位女士睡着了。still意为“仍 attract more readers to interact and share their stories. 然,依旧”,符合语境。故选B。 One possible version(略) 第二节 6.B 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“Yourchildhas 【写作指导】 been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the win 文章主线 dow”可知,此处指女士的孩子开始爬向半开着的窗户。 已知线索: climb意为“爬”,符合语境。故选B. lenna和]eff想在母亲节那天给妈妈制作法式吐司和鸡 7.A 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“justbeforehe 肉粥--早上6点,两人悄悄地下楼来到厨房-相互配 fellout”及语境可知,此处指那位男士在孩子掉下火车之 合,进展顺利--锅太热了,烧焦了一片面包--转小火,另 前抓住了他。grab意为“抓住”,符合语境。故选A。 一片面包煎得很好-蒸汽从锅里喷出来,锅盖开始摇晃, 8.D 考查名词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“Theman 粥溢出来扑灭了火--Jenna惊慌失措--Jeff冷静应对, jumpedup”及下文中的“wokeupthewoman”可知,此处指 关掉煤气,但在清理时手被烫伤--面包又焦了..... 那位男士站起来时(产生的)声音惊醒了那位女士。noise 可续写线索: 意为“声音,响声”,符合语境。故选D 得知缘由,父亲很高兴?给予Jeff和Jenna帮助?三人 9.C 考查名词辨析【解析】根据语境及常识可知,那位女 一起忙碌?最终做好了吐司和鸡肉粥?母亲非常感动?母 士被惊醒后十分恐慌。panic意为“惊恐,恐慌”,符合语 子三人拥抱?这是最珍贵的母亲节礼物? 境。故选C. ■续写词汇 10.A 考查形容词辨析 【解析】根据上文“So Ihavebeer 续写可能用到的词汇 watchingthewhole time.”及语境可知,那位女士在得知 thrilled, help, work together, make French toast and 真相后十分惊讶。astonished意为“感到十分惊讶的,吃 chicken porridge successfully, too moved to speak, hug, pre- 惊的”,符合语境。故选A。 cious gift... 第二节 One possible version(略) 【文章大意】 本文是由三篇短文组成的一篇文章。第一篇 2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (北京卷) 短文介绍科学家们对人类做梦的原因持有不同的观点;第二 篇短文讲述了播主Sam骑自行车回家时遇到了一位不知道 自己家地址的女士,然后Sam把她带到便利店等待警察到来 第一部分 知识运用 第一节 的故事;第三篇短文介绍极端天气事件发生的频率急剧 增加。 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在 11.ideas 火车上看到一位中年男士好心帮助一位年轻女士照看孩子 考查名词的单复数【解析】idea意为“看法”时是 可数名词;根据空格前的“diverse”可知,此处表示复数概 却被误会的故事。 【解析】根据下文“He was still staring 1.C 考查动词辨析 念,应用其复数形式。故填ideas。 ather.”及语境可知,此处指这位男士一直在看着一位火 12.that 考查定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格处 车上带着孩子的年轻女士。watch意为“看,注视”,符合语 引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词“everything”,且关系 境。故选C。 词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词that引导该从句。 2.A 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“she immediate- 故填that。 lylookeddown”及语境可推知,此处指女士低头整理了一 13.connects 考查动词的时态和主谓一致 【解析】文章主 下她的围中。adjust意为“整理,调整”,符合语境。故 体时态是一般现在时,且主语“it”是第三人称单数,谓语 选A。 动词应用单三形式。故填connects。 英语答案-57 14.on 考查介词 【解析】此处表示在一个寒冷的夜晚,在 B 具体某一天的晚上前应用介词on表示。故填on。 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者加 15.where 考查宾语从句【解析】此处表示这位可怜的女 入OIC项目的过程以及加入该项目后帮助伊拉克的孩子们 士不能向他(提供)任何关于她住在哪里的信息。分析句 的故事。 子结构可知,此处应用where引导该从句,作动词“lived” 24.D推理判断题 【定位句】Myfirst impressionof theor 的宾语。故填where。 ganization was that it was not going to make enough of a 16.safely 考查词性转换 【解析】此处应用副词修饰动词 difference withthe plans I had in mind.(第一段最后- 短语“wait for”。故填safely。 句) 17.hasbeen 考查动词的时态和主谓一致 【解析】根据时 译文:我对这个组织的第一印象是,它将不会对我心中的 间状语“over thepast20years”可知,此处应用现在完成 计划产生足够大的影响。 时;且本句为Therebe句型,根据“adramaticrise”可知. 【解析】根据定位句可推知,作者起初认为加入OIC项目 本句的谓语动词应遵循就近原则,用第三人称单数形式。 不会达到自己的心理预期。故选D。 故填has been. 25.A 细节理解题 【定位句】WhenIwent onlineto the 18.caused 考查非谓语动词 【解析】分析句子结构可知,本 OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their 句已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词;cause与逻辑主 faces were so powerful in sending a message of their de 语“extremeweather events”之间构成动宾关系,此处应 spair(绝 望) and need that I joined this project withou 用过去分词作定语。故填caused hesitation.(第二段第三、四句) 19.resulting 考查非谓语动词 【解析】此处表示2000年至 译文:当我在线访问OIC网站时,我看到了一些伊拉克儿 2019年,全世界共有7348起重大自然灾害,造成经济损 童的照片,他们的脸上是如此有力地传达出了他们的绝 失2.97万亿美元。此处应用现在分词作结果状语。故 望和需要(帮助)的信息,以至于我毫不犹豫地加入了这 个项目。 填resulting。 【解析】根据定位句可知,是伊拉克儿童的照片让作者改 20.toinvest 考查非谓语动词 【解析】此处表示研究结果 变了态度。故选A。 表明,急需对灾害预防进行投资。此处应用动词不定式 26.B 细节理解题 【定位句】With our efforts,ten young 作定语。故填toinvest。 boys and girls will now be able to further their education. 第二部分 阅读理解 (最后一段最后一句) 第一节 ⊙ 译文:在我们的努力下,十名男孩和女孩现在将能够接受 进一步的教育。 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章是一则招腾实习生 【解析】根据定位句可知,作者所在的OIC项目小组将帮 的广告。 助十名伊拉克的孩子们接受进一步的教育。故选B。 21. C 细节理解题 【解析】根据What are the requirements? 27.B 推理判断题 【解析】通读全文可知,文章讲述了作者 部分第二点“You should have agood command(学握)of 起初认为加入OIC项目并不能达到自己的预期,但在看 eitherEnglishorFrench.”可知,申请者应该熟练掌握英 到伊拉克儿童的照片后,作者毫不犹豫地加入了这个项 语或者法语。故选C。 目并帮助伊拉克的孩子们的故事。由此可推知,这篇文 22. A 细节理解题 【解析】根据What do you need to pre- 章告诉我们:第一印象并不总是可信的。故选B。 pare?部分第三点中的“Medical insurance”和第三点最后 C 一句“UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一封公开提 up to UsD 30 ooo for the internship period.”可知, 醒信的相关内容。 UNESCO在实习期内为实习生提供有限的医疗保险范 28.D词义猜测题 【解析】根据第一段第一句中的“Policy 围。故选A: makers and the rest of us must engage openly with the 23.C 细节理解题 【解析】根据What do you need to pre- riskofglobalcollapse”可知,决策者和其余所有人必须公 pare?部分最后一点.“Motivation letter:You should have 开应对全球崩清的风险;结合画线词所在句可推知,在世 your motivation letter ready before filling out the applica 界上技术最先进的国家的疫情和经济危机仍未得到控制 tionform.”可知,填写申请表之前,申请者需要准备一封 的时刻,呼吁公众参与进来非常重要。因此,germane应 自荐信。故选C. 意为“与......有密切关系”,与D项意思相近。故选D。 英语答案-58 29.A 推理判断题 【解析】根据第五段内容尤其是第二句 34.C 推理判断题【定位句】①Anyonewhooptstogoon “And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the tobeignored.”可知,即将到来的骚乱的送信人可能会被 planet.(第四段第三句) 忽视。由此可推知,对于公众对全球崩溃的意识,作者感 译文:任何选择使用阿拉斯加平均河流时间的人将与地 到很担忧。故选A 球和谐相处。 30.B 推理判断题 【解析】根据第五段最后三句中的“And ②Temporal connection to the environment was vital to yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be their survival. L.ikewise, river time and other timekeeping ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As systems we're developing may encourage environmental apoetwrote”可知,所有人都希望事情会有所好转,就像 awareness.(第五段最后两句) 译文:与环境的短暂联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样, 诗里写的那样。由此可推知,作者赞同诗歌中所表达的 信息。故选B。 我们正在开发的河流时间和其他计时系统可能会激励环 D 境(保护)意识 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对于定 【解析】根据定位句可推知,我们应该与自然和谐相处。 故选C. 义时间的看法。 第二节 31.B 段落大意题 【定位句】Evenadvancedphysicscan't 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了听音乐的 decisively tell us what time is. because the answer de- 过好处。 pends on the question you're asking.(第一段最后一句) 35.F 【解析】空格前讲音乐一直被很多人视为是一种愉快 译文:即使是高等物理也不能明确地告诉我们时间是什 的消遣活动;空格后讲音乐给人带来的精神上的益处是 么,因为答案取决于你提出的问题。 不容争论的。F项“它也因其在(缓解)压力和焦虑方面的 【解析】根据第一段内容尤其是定位句可知,第一段主要 个性化效果而极其受欢迎”承上启下,符合语境。故选F。 介绍了每个人都可以用自己的方式来定义时间。故选B。 36.B 【解析】空格后讲然而,同样的道理,如果一个人处在 32.D 推理判断题 【定位句】①Forget about time asan 痛苦之中,音乐是非常有帮助的。B项“有些专家说,如果 absolute. What if,instead of considering time in terms of 音乐声音太大,它会(对人)有害”与下文衔接紧密,符合 astronomy,we related time to ecology? What if we al- 语境。故选B。 lowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏)of 37.D 【解析】空格前讲很多人会在晚上睡觉前享受令人放 humanlife?(第二段第一至三句) 松的音乐;空格后讲然而,这个说法的正确性有待评估。 译文:忘记时间是一种绝对真理。如果我们把时间与生 D项“他们说,它在让大脑平静到能入睡的程度(方面)起 态联系起来,而不是依据天文学来考虑时间,会怎么样 着重要作用”承上启下,符合语境。故选D 呢?如果我们让环境条件来决定人类生活的节奏会怎 38.G 【解析】空格前讲在一项欧洲的研究中,参与者们听音 么样? 乐的时候,研究人员们监测他们的心率和血压;空格后讲 ②What if our definition of time reflected that?(第二段 另一方面,当音乐慢下来的时候,参与者们的压力和焦虑 最后一句) 水平变得更低,(音乐)对心率的影响似乎也随之降低。G 译文:如果我们对于时间的定义反映了这一点会怎么样? 项“有趣的是,音乐越欢快,他们的心率越快”承上启下, 符合语境。故选G。 【解析】根据定位句可推知,作者在第二段提出三个问题 是为了介绍定义时间的方法。故选D。 39.E【解析】空格后介绍了音乐如此有价值的原因。E项 33.C 细节理解题 【定位句】We've programmed itto “音乐对整体幸福感的影响真的让人印象深刻”与下文衔 接紧密,符合语境。故选E match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow 第三部分 书面表达 at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future 过第一节 on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If 40. Arguing is discussing your worries, related feclings anc they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.(第三段最 problems with the other party. 后三句) 41. It is because more life experience may help people bette 译文:如果水路继续以它们现在的速度流动,我们将它编 identify priorities in life. 入了与原子钟相匹配的程序。如果未来河流的平均流速 42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health. 更快,时钟就会走在标准时间之前。如果它们流得慢些, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance 你就会看到相反的效果。 of you getting angry. 【解析】根据定位句可知,如果河流的流速变慢,原子时间 Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity. 就会走在河流时间之前。故选C。 143.略。 英语答案-59 第二节 1.A 细节理解题 【解析】根据第二段第一句“3GrandPri- 【写作指导】 zes:Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners,a 审题;人称:第一人称为主,第三人称为辅 parent and one other person of the winner's choice.”可知, 时态:一般现在时为主,一般过去时为辅 大奖获奖者可以选择与一名家长和另外一人去华盛顿特 提纲:开头句:①I'm sorry that I won't be able to go hiking 区旅行。由此可知,每名获奖者都可以带两个人免费旅 with you this Saturday. 行。故选A。 2.C 细节理解题 ②I'm sorry that I can't go hiking with you this Satur- 【解析】根据第四段“50HonorableMen day. tions:Iudges will choose up to 5o honorable mention win 文章主体:要点一:①I began to coughyesterdaymorn ners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of ing,so I went to see a doctor. She told me it was a bad cold. Earhart'sfinalflight.”可知,每名优秀奖的获奖者都将得 and I would have to stay at home for a few days. 到一件纪念Earhart的最后一次飞行的T悔衫。故选C。 ②I began to cough yesterday morning, so I went to see a 3.B 推理判断题 【解析】根据Rules部分中的第一条第一 doctor. She told me I had a bad cold and had to stay at home 句“Write a poem using1oowords or fewer.”可知,写一首 100字以内的诗不会被取消挑战资格。由此可推知,写一 for a few days. 首120字的诗会被取消挑战资格。故选B 要点二:①I'd really like to spend some time with you. Is B it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Satur- 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。JenniferMauer生长在一 day? It's one of the host cities for the 2o22 Winter Olym- 个有很多兄弟姐妹的贫困家庭里,因此在高中毕业后,她自 pics. Please let me know what you think. 食其力读完了大学。为了实现自已的目标,她在结婚后重新 ②I really want to spend some time with you. Is it OK 回到大学以使自己的事业能够发展得更好,她因此牺牲了很 with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday? It's 多与家人在一起的时光,但也收获了很多。文章旨在启迪人 one of the host cities for the 2o22 Winter Olympics. Please 们:努力总会有回报。 tell me your thoughts about this. 4.C 细节理解题 【定位句】Afterhighschool,Jenniferat- 要点三:①Again,I'm sorry about the inconvenience. tended a local technical college, working to pay her tuitior ②Sorry again for the inconvenience. (学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a 结尾句:①Hope to hear from you soon. collegeeducation.(第二段第三句) ②Looking forward to hearing from you soon 译文:高中毕业后,Jennifer进入了当地的一所技术学院, One possible version 靠打工挣来的钱来支付学费,因为(家里)没有额外的钱能 Dear Jim, 支付大学教育的费用。 I'm sorry that I won't be able to go hiking with you this 【解析】根据定位句可知,Jennifer在高中毕业后自食其力, Saturday. 读完了大学。故选C。 I began to cough yesterday morning, so I went to see a 5. A 细节理解题 【定位句】She chose the UW-Eau Claire doctor. She told me it was a bad cold, and I would have to program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield stay at home for a few days. because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close I'd really like to spend some time with you. Is it OK to home. She could drive to class and be home in the eve with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday? It's ningtohelpwithherkids.(第三段第三、四句) one of the host cities for the 2o22 Winter Olympics. Please le 译文:她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW EauClaire课程,因为这样她就可以在离家近的地方攻读 me know what you think Again,I'm sorry about the ineonvenience. 四年制本科学位。(白天)她可以开车去上课,晚上可以回 Hope to hear from you soon. 家照顾孩子们。 Yours. 【解析】根据定位句可知,lennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的 Li Hua 圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire课程是因为这样能更方 便地照顾她的孩子们。故选A。 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 6.B 推理判断题 【定位句】Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)toa- (全国新高考I卷) chieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(最后一段第二句) 第一部分 阅读 译文:为了实现自己的目标,Jennifer做出了牺牲,她放弃 第一节 了很多个和孩子们在一起的夜晚,为了学习错过了重要的 A 事情。 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加诗 【解析】根据定位句可推知,Jennifer牺牲了与家人待在一 歌挑战的获奖情况及其具体规则。 起的时光。故选B。 英语答案-60绝密★启用前 2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本卷满分100分，考试用时90分钟。 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 尔 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Recently,I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes,who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.The woman's eye fell on the man's face,and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf. As the night wore on,people began to close their eyes,but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3.The woman looked over at the 浙 man.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4,too. The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap,but the woman dropped off to sleep.A moment later,he began to 6 the half-open window-one leg went over it.The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out. 0 The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9,and then reality dawned(). "Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window,"the man said as he gave the child back to her."So I have been watching the whole time."The woman was 10, and so was I. 1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring 2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved 3.A.air 童 B.joy C.space D.rest 4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed 5.A.almost B.still C.hardly D.even 6.A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push 7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked 8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise 9.A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain 10.A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired 2021·北京卷第1页（共8页） 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 4 Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse 11 (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 13 (connect)things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream. B Sam is an in-real-life streamer(),and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 14 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 (safe) wait for the police to take her home. C There 17 (be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18 (cause)largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7 348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 (result)in USD 2 970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20 (invest)in disaster prevention. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A If you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or culture,then an internship()at UNESCO will be ideal for you. Who can apply? You have completed your full-time university studies:or You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree. Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution. What are the requirements? You must be at least 20 years old. ·You should have a good command(掌握)of either English or French. You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software. You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment. You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills. 2021·北京卷第2页（共8页） What do you need to prepare? Visa:You should obtain the necessary visas. Travel:You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship. Medical insurance:You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid( )in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30 000 for the internship period. Medical certificate:You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work. Motivation letter:You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form. Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected,you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months,it means that your application has not been successful. 21.According to this passage,applicants are required to A.hold a master's degree in science B.have international work experience C.be fluent in either English or French D.present a letter from a technical institution 22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period? A.Limited medical insurance coverage. B.Training in communication skills. C.A medical certificate for work. D.Financial support for travel. 23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form? A.Contact UNESCO managers. B.Get access to the database. C.Keep a motivation letter at hand. D.Work in a team for six months. B I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester()project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children(OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me.After doing some research,I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair()and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible,and make them into kits-one kit,one child. The most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months,I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was 2021·北京卷第3页（共8页） completed.While making the kits,I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget. In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over,I realize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. 24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning? A.It would affect his/her initial plans. B.It would involve traveling overseas. C.It would not bring him/her a good grade. D.It would not live up to his/her expectations. 25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project? A.Images of Iragi children. B.Research by his/her classmates. C.A teacher's introduction. D.A representative's comments. 26.The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to A.become OIC volunteers B.further their education C.study in foreign countries D.influence other children 27.What can we conclude from this passage? A.One's potential cannot always be underrated. B.First impression cannot always be trusted. C.Actions speak louder than words. D.He who hesitates is lost. C Hundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as "a credible scenario(情景)this century”. A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is well underway. The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago,it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility. The international scholars'warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories()of the warning was Bob Johnson,the originator of the "ecological footprint"concept,which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current footprint of humanity,"it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possibly within a decade,certainly within this century,"Johnson said in an email. 2021·北京卷第4页（共8页） Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,the December warning letter says,can we have the hope to reduce their "speed,severity and harm".And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote, Aan is a victim of dope(麻醉品) In the incurable form of hope. The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent (on quieting hope that ignores preparedness."Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,"they say,"and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future. 28.What does the underlined word"germane"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant. 29.As for the public awareness of global collapse the author is A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared 30.What can we learn from this passage? A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits. B.The author agrees with the message of the poem. C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized. D.The global collapse is well underway. D Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic()clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the question you're asking. Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo()of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate()our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架)，and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who 2021·北京卷第5页（共8页） opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A.Timekeeping is inereasingly related to nature. B.Everyone can define time on their own terms. C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argument C.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach 33.What can we learn from this passage? A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers'temporal frame. 34.What can we infer from this passage? A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time. B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless. C.We should live in harmony with nature. D.History is a mirror reflecting reality. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.35 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes. 36 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting()the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels. This,of course,can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,through the lowering of stress and anxiety. 2021·北京卷第6页（共8页） When it comes to heart health,there is speculation()that it's not the style of music,but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.38 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants'stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit. 39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,which is what makes music so valuable. A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G.Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were. 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved,the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.Thus,it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends,family members,or classmates rather than holding them back. There is a difference between arguing and fighting.Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up()anger.Fighting,however,usually involves personal attacks,raising of voices,and storming out. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.In a study,2 000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row.When people had an argument that they considered resolved,they had half the reactivity(情绪反应)of those who avoided an argument..Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions.In other words,resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half.One day later,people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument.This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution-and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover,the older you are,the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument.This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion,but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. 2021·北京卷第7页（共8页） 40.According to this passage,what is arguing? 41.Why is it that "the older you are,the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument'”? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health,because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. 43.In addition to improving emotional health,what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument?(In about 40 words) 第二节(20分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jm原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴 约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： (1)表达歉意并说明原因： (2)提出建议并给出理由。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 2021·北京卷第8页（共8页）