7.英语·2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)-【名校强基卷】2020-2024年5年高考英语真题汇编

绝密★启用前 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟。 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 即 I was always timid(羞怯的).Being new to the school made me even 1,so it was 郑 surprising I'd 2 to anyone around me.Now I was paying the price-to write a five-page essay on"Why I Should Not Talk in Class".That would take all night! After I got home,though,I took my time petting the cat-postponing the pain. When I finally sat down to 3,I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear. Talking kept me and my neighbours from 4.One paragraph down:now what?I chewed on 那 my pencil.Aha!What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal?Without the education I was throwing away,I'd turn to theft and go to prison.When I got out,people would say,"She used to talk in class."The pages began 5. But when mum got home from work,I was still 6 "Five pages!That's impossible!" "Well,you'd better get back to work,"she said,"and I want to read it when you're through.” Soon after dinner,I handed the essay to mum.I half expected a 7 -at least an"I hope 救 you've learned your lesson".8 mum laughed and laughed as she read. The next day,when Ms Black read the essay to the class,everyone laughed.I could 9 they weren't making fun of me:they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.My 10 still needed some nudging(激发)，but I did learn I wasn't shy in print. 1.A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier 2.A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat 常 3.A.weep B.rest C.write D.read 4.A.learning B.playing C.planning D.laughing 5.A.standing out B.flying by C.breaking up D.checking in 6.A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning 7.A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution 8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead 9.A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict 10.A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence 2023·北京卷第1页（共8页） 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules,such as ones on punctuality ()I'm British.Soon after moving to Switzerland,I 11 (throw)a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact)on time.Years later,having moved to France,I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner,only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive)and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B Mangroves,known as"red forest"in China,grow between land and sea,characterised by their complex roots.When 14 (see)from afar,the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 15 (city)from coastal winds.For these reasons,they are praised as"coastal guardians".Up to now,China 16 (establish)a number of protected areas with mangroves. C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries.All of her runs have a guiding purpose:to call attention 17 global water issues.Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,18 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face)"too little water or too dirty water".Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport.Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period.They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good. To be an IOC Young Leader,you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint(). 4-Week Learning Sprint The 4-Week Learning Sprint,which will take place during November 2023,is a virtual learning programme.The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the 1OC channel.Each week,participants will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task. The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone,with the target audience aged between 20 and 28. After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint,you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project,which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. 2023·北京卷第2页（共8页） Requirements for the Applicants You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint. You have completed your high school studies You have at least one year of work experience. You have strong public speaking skills. You are self-motivated and committed. You are passionate about creating positive change in your community. ·You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers(同伴). You are able to work with people from different backgrounds. 21.In the 4-Week Learning Sprint,participants will A.create change in their community B.attend a virtual learning programme C.meet people from different backgrounds D.promote the IOC Young Leaders project 22.If selected as an IOC Young Leader,one will need to A.complete a reflection task each week B.watch sports on the IOC channel C.work on a sport-based project D.coach and advise their peers 23.Which is a requirement for the applicants? A.Spreading the message of sport for good. B.Having at least one-year work experience. C.Showing great passion for project planning. D.Committing themselves to becoming an expert. B Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday,I felt a buzz()in my pocket.My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name.The email started off:"Dear Mr Green,thank you for your interest"and"the review process took longer than expected".It ended with"We are sorry to inform you..”and my vision blurred(模糊).The position一measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme-had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying,and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. So I was shocked when,not long after the email,Professor Mary Devon,who was running the programme,invited me to observe the work being done in her lab.I jumped at the chance,and a few weeks later I was equally shocked-and overjoyed-when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to,but I was going to give it my all. I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.That project,which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert,not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't.In the end,I had a new scientific interest to pursue. 2023·北京卷第3页（共8页） When I applied to graduate school,I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction.And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit,it was undoubtedly difficult.But this time I had the perspective()to keep it from sending me into panic.It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about. Rather than setting plans in stone,I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered,even if they don't sound perfect at the time,and make the most of them. 24.How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender's name? A.Anxious. B.Angry. C.Surprised. D.Settled. 25.After talking with Professor Devon,the author decided to A.criticise the review process B.stay longer in the Sahara Desert C.apply to the original project again D.put his heart and soul into the lab work 26.According to the author,the project with the robotics professor was A.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing 27.What can we learn from this passage? A.An invitation is a reputation. B.An innovation is a resolution. C.A rejection can be a redirection. D.A reflection can be a restriction. C In recent years,researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world's most serious problems:climate change, biodiversity collapse,and more.The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where "only the present exists,a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now". It has been proved that people have a bias()towards the present,focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health,well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community.In business,this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions.And on slow-burning problems like climate change,it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices()today that could make a major difference tomorrow.Instead,all that matters is next quarter's profit,or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause.It is fair to say,though,that our psychological biases play a major role.People's hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example,but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future.For instance,you might hear someone say:"It's cold this winter,so I needn't worry about global warming."Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance,making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more.This is when a pop star draws far more attention than,say,gradual biodiversity decline. 2023·北京卷第4页（共8页） As a psychologist once joked,if aliens()wanted to weaken humanity,they wouldn't send ships;they would invent climate change.Indeed,when it comes to environmental transformations,we can develop a form of collective"poor memory",and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.Older people today,for example,can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives.Children,on the other hand,have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically 28.The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to A.draw a comparison B.introduce a topic C.evaluate a statement D.highlight a problem 29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Climate change has been forgotten. B.Lessons of history are highly valued. C.The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D.Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30.W hat does the author intend to tell us? A.Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B.Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C.Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D.Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. D What is life?Like most great questions,this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer.The reason is simple:we know of just one type of life and it's challenging to do science with a sample size of one.The field of artificial life-called ALife for short-is the systematic attempt to spell out life's fundamental principles.Many of these practitioners,so-called ALifers,think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life.This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of the field's doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith,a complexity scientist,is tired of such complaints.Asking about"the point"of ALife might be,well, missing the point entirely,he says."The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything,"Alan says."Some people ask me,'So what's the worth of artificial life?'Do you ever think,'What is the worth of your grandmother?'" As much as many ALifers hate emphasising their research's applications,the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs.Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open-ended evolution ()This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity,to be a sort of "novelty generator".The only system known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere.If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life's endless"creativity"in some virtual model,those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al,advances in ALife are harder to recognise.One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept-life itsell-is undefined.The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn't help either.The result is a diverse line of projects that each 2023·北京卷第5页（共8页） advance along their unique paths.For better or worse,ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled(混乱的)progression is a striking parallel(平行线)to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth's biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled,ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generate novelty.It may be,of course,that these characteristics aren't in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife may be nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps,just like life itself throughout the universe,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 31.Regarding Alan Smith's defence of Alife,the author is A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful 32.What does the word"enamoured"underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A.Shocked. B.Protected. C.Attracted. D.Challenged. 33.What can we learn from this passage? A.ALife holds the key to human future. B.ALife and AI share a common feature. C.AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D.AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 34.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Life Is Undefined.Can AI Be a Way Out? B.Life Evolves.Can AI Help ALife Evolve,Too? C.Life Is Undefined.Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D.Life Evolves.Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve,Too? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college.Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education,they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities,on average,scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success.Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings,however,are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment( or funding.38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching,the lower their salary.What is the result?Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures,which lead to lower success rates. 2023·北京卷第6页（共8页） 39 Nevertheless,not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources,higher rankings and increased enrolments.In the long term, universities,organisations that rank schools,and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission What should students and their families do?They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued,even though the schools may be ranked lower. A.Higher education has achieved its true potential. B.Therefore,it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C.Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D.However,the rankings ignore a critical factor:the quality of teaching. E.Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F.They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G.In fact,universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic.People develop countless habits as they explore the world,whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition.A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues()with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.Over time,thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered()by these cues. A"habit loop()"is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits.These elements are called the cue,the routine,and the reward.For example,stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating,which produces the reward-the reduction of stress.While a routine involves repeated behaviour,it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge,as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake,and healthy habits are often harder to develop.But through repetition,it's possible to form new habits.The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors,including the individual and the intended behaviour.While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks,it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them(or don't).Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change,including how the change reflects your values. 40.How are habits built? 41.In what way is a routine different from a habit? 2023·北京卷第7页（共8页） 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 43.What benefit(s)have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 第二节(20分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jm正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题 的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。 请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)活动形式； (2)活动内容。 注意：(1)词数100左右： (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 2023·北京卷第8页（共8页）2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 第二节 (北京卷) A 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一良好的人际关系与 第一部分知识运用 社会交往—不同国家和地区的不成文的规定 第一节 【文章大意】文章以作者出席不同国家的聚会为例，表明每 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我—学校生活—“我” 一个国家或地区都有独属于自己的不成文的规定。 因被老师罚写五页纸的检讨而认识到自己写作方面的能力 1l.threw考查动词的时态【解析】根据“and was greatly 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了“我”很害着，却因在课堂上与 surprised'”可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过 同学讲话而被老师罚写五页纸的检讨说明自己为什么不应 去时。故填threw。 12.exactly考查词性转换【解析】此处表示让“我”深感惊 该在课堂上讲话，妈妈和同学们看完“我”写的检讨后都被逗 笑了，这使“我”认识到自己在写作上并不羞怯的故事。 讶的是，30个客人全部非常准时地出席了乔迁派对。分 析句子结构可知，此处应用副词exactly修饰介词短语 L,B考查形容词辨析【解析】根据上文中的“I was always “on time”。故填exactly。 timid(羞法的).Being new to the school made me even”可 知，“我”总是很害羞，成为学校新生让“我”更加害羞。故 I3.had arrived考查动词的时态【解析】此处表示当“我” 按约定时间赴宴时，却发现其他客人都没到。arrive这个 选B。 动作发生在“过去的过去”，即“我”赴宴之前，此处应用过 2.D考查动词辨析【解析】极据下文中的“·Why I Should 去完成时。故填had arrived。 Not Talk in Class'”及语境可知，成为学校新生让“我”更 B 加害羞，因此“我”和周围的人聊天（这件事）是令人吃惊 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然一自然环境、人与植物 的。故选D。 一红树林 3.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据上文中的I was paying 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了“海岸卫士”一红树林。 the price-to write a five-page essay on'Why I Should Not l4.seen考查省略【解析】分析句子结构可知，When引导 Talk in Class'”及语境可知，当“我”终于坐下来写（五页纸 时间状语从句，因主、从句主语相同，均为“the mangrove 的文章)时，“我”从Blck老师想要听到的原因开始写起。 [orests”,且从句的谓语部分含有be动词的某种形式，所 故选C。 以此处省略了从句中的主语和b心动词，构成了省略句： 4.A考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“Without the 从句主语与动词see之间构成被动关系，此处应用see的 education I was throwing away”及语境可知，上课讲语妨 过去分词形式。从句补充完整为：When the mangrove 碍“我”和周国的同学学习。故选A。 forests are seen from afar。故填seen。 5.B考查动词短语辨析【解析】根据上文“Aha!What if5.cities考查名词的单复数【解析】此处表示红树林既可 talking were the first step towards life as a criminal?”及语 以减缓海浪冲击还可以保护城市免受海风影响。Cy为 境可知，”我”文思泉涌。此处表示纸张开始快速翻页。故 可数名词，其前无不定冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形式。 选B。 故填citiese 6.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文“·Five pages!l6.has established考查动词的时态和主谓一致【解析】此 That's impossible!'”及语境可知，妈妈下班回家时.“我” 处表示到目前为止，中国已经建立了大量的红树林保护 仍在袍忽。故选C。 区。根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成 7.A考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“I hope you've 时：且主语为“China”,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填has learned your lesson”及语境可知，“我”本以为会听到一顿 established。 训斥一至少是一句“我希望你已经汲取了教训”。lecture 0 意为“训斥”，符合语境。故选A。 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一公益事业与志愿服 8.D考查副词辨析【解析】根据上文中的“at least an·】 务一通过参加马拉松比赛来引起大家关注水资源短缺 hope you've learned your lesson'”和下文中的“mum 【文章大意】文章讲述了Nia通过参加马拉松比赛来呼吁大 laughed and laughed”可知，此处表示相反，妈妈一边读一 家关注全球水资源问题。 边笑。故选D。 17.to考查介词【解析】围定搭配call attention to意为“ 9.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“they weren't 引起注意”。故填0。 making fun of me:they laughed because I had the power to18.where考查定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格 tell a funny story”可知，此处表示“我”能判断出他们不是 处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Chicago'”,表地点， 在取笑“我”。tl意为“知道，看出，确切地判断”，符合语 关系词在从句中作地，点状语，应用where引导该从句。 境。故选C。 故填where. l0.B考查名词辨析【解析】根据上文“I was always timid19.to address考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可 (羞怯的).”和下文中的“but I did learn I wasn't shy in 知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 print”及语境可知，“我”的自信仍需要被激发，但“我”确20.facing考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，逻 实了解到自己在写作方面并不害羞。confidence与shy 辑主语“people around the world'”与动词face之间构成 形成了鲜明的对比关系。故选B。 主谓关系，此处应用现在分词作后置定语。故填[acing。 英语答案-25 第二部分阅读理解 27.C推理判断题【解析】通读全文内容可知，“我”起初中 第一节 请项目遗拒，原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结来，但后 A 来该项目负责人Mary Devon教授邀请“我”参与她实脸 体裁：应用文主题语境：人与社会一大型体育赛事、体育 室里的另一个研究项目，这次“我”抓住机会，决定全力以 精神一国际奥委会青年领袖计划 赴，最后“我”有了新的想要追逐的科学兴趣，并且明白了 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了国际奥委会青年领袖计划的 与其制定一成不变的计划，不如随机应变，充分利用每一 目的、内容以及对申请者的要求。 次机会。C项“拒绝可能是重新定向（暗喻柳暗花明又一 2L.B细节理解题【解析】根据4-Week Learning Sprint部 村)”体现了本文主旨。故选C 分第一段第一句中的“is a virtual learning programme”可 C 知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将会参加一个虚 体裁：议论文主题语境：人与自我一正确的人生态度 一短期行为 拟学习项目。故选B。 22.C细节理解题【解析】根据4-Week Learning Sprint部 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了当前工业社会的一个显著间 题：短期行为，即过分注重短期结果，而忽视长期利益，同时 分第三段“After successfully completing the4-Week 启示人们：深思远虑很重要。 Learning Sprint,you will need to submit a plan for a 28.D推理判断题【定位句】①The historian Francis Cole sport-based project,which you will work on if seleeted as argues that the West has entered a period where"only the an IOC Young I,eader..”可知，在成功完成为期四周的学 present exists,a present characterised at once by the cru- 习冲刺后，你需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目方案，如 elty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending 果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，你将需要参与该项目。 n0w”.(第一段最后一句) 故选C。 译文：历吏学家Francis Cole称，西方已经进入了一个“只 23.B细节理解题【定位句】You have at least one year of 有现在存在（现在论）的时代，这个现在既具有瞬间的残 work experience.(Requirements for the Applicants部分第 酷又具有永恒的无聊”。 三点) ②It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向)to 译文：你有至少一年的工作经验。 wards the present,focusing on loud attractions in the mo- 【解析】根据定位句可知，中请者要有至少一年的工作经 ment at the expense of the health.well-being and financial 验。故选B。 stability of their future selves or community.(第二段第 B 一句) 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一积极的生活态度 译文：事实证明，人们偏向于当下，专注于当下备受瞩目 —一充分利用每一次机会 的具有吸引力的事物，（而）牺牲了未来自己或社会的健 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了起初“我”申请本科生研究项 康、幸福和金融稳定。 目遭拒，原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结束，但后来May 【解析】根据定位句可推知，作者引用Francis Cole的话主 Devon教授—该项目的负责人邀请“我”参与她实验室里 要是为了强调人们只关注眼前的利益，而忽祝长远发展 的另一个研究项目，这次“我”抓住机会，决定全力以赴，最终 这一社会问题。故选D。 “我”有了想要追逐的新的科学兴趣，这让“我”明白了与其制29，C推理判断题【定位句】Indeed,when it comes to envi- 定一成不变的计划，不如随机应变，充分利用每一次机会。 ronmental transformations,we can develop a form of col- 24.A细节理解题【解析】根据第一段第二句“My heart lective"poor memory",and each new generation can be- raced when I saw the email sender's name.."可知，当“我” lieve the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of 看到邮件发送人的名字时，“我”心跳加速。由此可知，作 the ordinary.Older people today,for example,can remem- ber a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long 者看到邮件发送人名字时感到紧张不安。故选A。 drives.Children,on the other hand,have no idea that in- 25.D细节理解题【解析】根据第二段最后一句“What she sect population has dropped dramatically.(第四段最后三 proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project 句) had applied to,but I was going to give it my all.”可知， 译文：的确，就环境变化而言，我们可能出现集体“健忘” Devon教授所提议的项目似乎不像“我”原先申请的那个 的状态，每一代人可能都认为他们遇到的事情并没有什 项目那样令人兴奋，但“我”仍打算全力以赴。D项中的 么不同寻常之处，比如，今天的老年人还记得长途驾驶 “put one's heart and soul”与文中的“give it one'sall”为同 后汽车挡风玻璃上爬满了昆虫的情景。另一方面，孩子 义转述。故选D。 们却不知道昆虫的数量已经急剧下降。 26.B推理判断题【解析】根据第三段内容尤其是最后一 【解析】根据最后一段尤其是定位句可推知，人类的大脑 "In the end,I had a new scientific interest to pursue. 不善于留意缓慢的变化。故选C。 可知，最后，“我”有了新的想要迹逐的科学兴趣。由此可30.A推理判断题【定位句】①in recent years,.researchers 推知，与机器人技术学教授共同研究的项目是鼓舞人心 from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now 的。故选B。 a significant problem in industrialised societies.The ina- 英语答案一26 bility to engage with longer-term causes and consequences 中的生命本身一样，人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避 leads to some of the world's most serious problems:cli- 免的。由此可知，本文主要介绍了“人工生命”的含义、局 mate change,biodiversity collapse,and more,.(第一段第 限性、可能的回报及未来前景。因此，D项“生命在进化， 一、二句) 创造人工生命的尝试也能进化吗？”体现了本文主旨，是 译文：近年来，不同领拔的研究人员（一致）认为，短期行 本文的最佳标题。故选D。 为现在是工业化社会的一个显著问题。未能处理长期以第二节 来（问题）产生的原因及其后果导致了世界上最严重的一 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—社会热点问题一 些问题：气侯变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。 如何选择大学 2Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了大部分美国家长在面对为孩 much importance,making people ignore longer-term 子选择哪所大学的问题上都太依赖于已知的大学荐名，然而 trends that arguably matter more.(第三段倒数第二句) 大学排名并不代表该学校真实的教学水平。这种关注排名 译文：另一个原因是人类过于重视备受骗目和十万火急 而忽视教学水平的现象并不容易改变，所以学生和家长在选 的事情，使得他们忽视了可以就更重要的长期趋势。 择大学的时侯应该注重学校的实际教学质量而不仅仅是 【解析】根据全文内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者想告诉 排名。 我们深思远虑对人类来说很重要。故选A。 35.D【解析】上文讲对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说， D 这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会进步与人类文 里上大学。（他们的）家人往往会向大学撸名系统求助从 明一“人工生命” 而做出决定：下文讲作为一名高等教育学者，当我和这些 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了“人工生命”的含义，局限性、 家庭沟通时，他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质量不 可能的回报及未来前景。 计入（学校）排名。D项“然而，排名忽略了一个关键性的 31.A观点态度题【解析】根据第二段第四句中的“Asking 因素：教学质量”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 about'the point'of ALife might be,well,missing the 36.F【解析】上文讲他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质 point entirely”可知，Alan Smith认为询问ALife的意义 量不计入（学校）排名。F项“他们甚至会更惊讶于大学是 可能完全错过了重，点：结合第五段最后一句中的“just 如何轻视教学的”承接上文，特合语境。故选F。 like life itself throughout the universe,the rise of ALife 37.G【解析】上文讲排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的 will prove unavoidable'”可知，就像贯穿整个宇宙的生命 平均得分高于排名较高的大学；下文讲考虑到高质量教 本身一样，人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。由 学与学生成功之间的联系，排名（系统的衡量因素）中没 有（考虑）卓越的教学质量很令人惊讶。G项“事实上，大 此可推知，关于Alan Smith对AL,ife的辩解，作者持支持 学经常将重心从教学质量转向其他影响排名的因素”承 的态度。故选A。 上启下，持合语境。选G。 32.C词义猜测题【解析】根据第三段第一句中的“the at- 38.B【解析】上文讲（大学）管理者不会将卓越的教学质量 tempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs" 视为一种提升入学率和（吸引）投资的方式：下文讲研究 可知，创造人工生命的尝试可能会带来实际的回报：结合 表明，教师花在教学上的时间越多，他们的薪水反而越 画线词所在.句中的“by a concept called open-ended evo 低。B项“因此，卓越的教学质量在雇佣教师和教师升职 lution(演化)”可推知，这两个领城的研究人贡都迷恋于 时并不会受到高度重视”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 一种被称为开放式进化的概念。因此，画线词应意为“使 39.E【解析】下文讲然而，在有高质量教学水平的学校获得 迷恋”，与C项意思相近。故选C。 更多的资源、更高的排名和更高的入学率之前，这种情况 33.B推理判断题【解析】根据第三段第二句“Artificial in 也不会发生太大的改变。E项“最近出现了（许多）提高 telligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that re 大学教学水平的努力”与下文衔接繁密，符合语境。故 searchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called 选E。 open-ended evolution(演化).”可知，人工智能可能被认为 第三部分书面表达 是人工生命的表亲，因为这两个领城的研究人员都递恋 第一节 于一种被称为开放式送化的概念。由此可推知，人工智4O,Habits are built through learning and repetition. 能和人工生命有一个共同的特点一开放式进化。故4l.A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a 选B。 deep-rooted urge. 34.D标题概括题【解析】根据第二段第一句“So far no42.Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,hile builc one has convincingly made artificial life.”可知，到目前为 ing a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 止，还没有人令人信服地制造出人工生命：结合最后一段 It takes many months to build a healthy habit. "They may apply universally to all acts of evolu-43.I have a good habit of reading books.Reading is an effee- tion.”和最后一句“But even this dismissal suggests tive way to get information about almost everything.It something:perhaps,just like life itself throughout the u- exposes me to new ways of understanding the world and niverse,.the rise of Al,.ife will prove unavoidable.”可知， handling different situations.Besides,reading can help 它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为，也许，就像整个宇宙 me relax and relieve stress.(答案言之有理即可) 英语答案-27 第二节 2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 【写作指导】 (浙江卷) 审题：人称：第一，二人称为主 Text 1 时态：现在进行时和一般将来时为主 M:Billy needs some beans for his science project at school. One possible version Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home. Dear Jim, W:Let's go to Greens.It's just around the corner. (介绍写邮件原因)Knowing from your email that you are M:Okay. planning a community activity themed"Green Beijing"( Text 2 从句)，IT'm writing to offer my advice.Perhaps the following W:Hi,Stephen.guess who I saw at the city library?Andy suggestions are helpful to you. Clarks-the leading actor in The Good Lawyer-the fa- (介绍活动形式及内容)First of all,I suggest that you mous TV series. should organize a walking tour around the whole city to ex- M:What was he doing there?His popularity has slipped plore the green spaces in Beijing,which will not only allow since the final season of the show. participants to experience the beauty of the city's parks and Text 3 gardens,but also promote eco-friendly transportation②（非限 W:It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason's retire- 制性定语从句).What's more,another activity recommended ment, is planting trees to contribute to the city's green efforts.Last M:Yes,his office is filled with gifts.I gave him a T-shirt but not least,you may as well encourage citizens to live a with a baseball pattern on it. low-carbon life.which can help raise their environmental W:That's nice.I'll get him something this afternoon.Hope awareness》?(非限制性定语从句). it's not late. (表示期待)I hope those tips can give you some inspira- Text 4 tion for your community activity.Hoping it will win a great W:Did you go to Cooper's last night? success. M:No,was there anything special? Yours, Li Hua W:Yes,the employees dressed up as movie characters,and every customer received a discount card. 佳句变式： M:That was interesting. D...that you are planning a community activity whose Text 5 theme is“Green Beijing”.,, W:Oh,the road is jammed with traffic again.We are going to 2...allowing participants to experience the beauty of the be late for work. city's parks and gardens and promoting eco-friendly transpor- M:Let's make a U-turn at the next crossroads and try anoth- tation. ..which can contribute to raise their environmental er way. Text 6 awareness. 官方参考范文 W:Do you think Janet could make it? Dear Jim: M:I'm sure she can.Have you tried calling her? How's everything? W:Yes,of course.But I can't get through.The flight has al- Glad to hear about the upcoming"Green Beijing"event at ready been called twice.What are we going to do?Board your club. without her?I should have reminded her at the office I think it'd be quite nice to have a photograph exhibi yesterday.She may have totally forgotten it. tion.You can display some pictures about how Beijing has M:Take it easy,Sarah.Let me call her home number.Oh, kept the city "green",such as the use of solar power and re- there she is. cyclable materials.In particular,I recommend"green trans- Text 7 port"since electric vehicles and shared bikes are really popu- M:Welcome to our program,Miss Johnson.Congratulations lar here.If you like,I'd be very happy to take some photos on winning the Teacher of the Year award. and email them to you. W:Thank you.Peter.I'm more than happy to be here. If you need any other help,don't hesitate to let me M:What inspired you to be a teacher,Miss Johnson? know. W:Well,I've always loved to learn,but I've enjoyed teaching Best wishes for this great event! others even more.It's in the family. Yours. M:Could you tell us what the best part about your job is? Li Hua W:Getting to know all of the different kids and communica- ting with them.I have always loved kids.So,I will always enjoy that part of my job. 英语答案一28