高考题型逐个击破03 阅读理解之主旨大意题（题型解读，解题技巧，新题速递）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

高考题型逐个击破-阅读理解之主旨大意题 题型解读 寻找主题句 抓住段落主题的捷径之一是在段落中寻找主题句。所谓主题句，是指能表达或概括段落主题或主要内容的句子，它通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概括性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，段落中的其他句子则围绕着主题句进行说明、解释或扩展。抓住了主题句，就等于抓住了段落的中心。 1)读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心，因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。 2)读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为全篇的总结。 3)读首尾抓大意。有些文章开头和结尾部分都有主题句，这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的“首尾照应”的写作方法。通常后面点题是进一步的总结，是引申，是发展。 4)从段中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 5)归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。 捕捉关键词 略读是概括和归纳文章或段落主旨大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。分析归纳筛选出最能表达文章主旨或作者意图的关键词（例如有的词在文中反复多次出现，这个词很可能就是最关键的词），继而确定文章的主旨大意。 仔细推敲选项 主旨大意题的干扰项往往有三种情况：一是“以偏概全”，选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三是“无中生有”，即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 阅读理解主旨大意题分类点拨 利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 解题技巧 解题必备知能（一） 理解标题的3大特点 1．概括性——准确而又简短； 2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符； 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项； 3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 解题必备知能（二） 掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。 用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门： 1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。 解题必备知能（三） 归纳段落大意的2种方法 方法1：概括段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。 (1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首； (2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾； (3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间； (4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了； (5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系； (6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。 方法2：揣摩段落大意 有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。 新题速递 （一） （2024·江苏·南京二模）Having worked for more than a decade in finance in the oil industry in Canada, Tori Fahey found herself wanting more from life. But it wasn't through desperation that her circumstances changed: “I didn't get fed up and storm off, nothing like that; it was curiosity about other interests and wanting to experience something new.” Fahey left her job and completed an MBA before setting up a move to New York to begin a degree. However, the opportunity of an open year between the MBA and the degree came up, and as a keen touring cyclist, Fahey realised that a much dreamed-about adventure was now becoming a possibility: "The ride in Africa had been on my fantasy list. It was a moment when I realised that I could do anything, so I should." Fahey rode across Africa, a 7,500-mile trip that took four months. The whole experience had a life-changing impact. Fahey said: “Bicycles provide a literal freedom. You don't allow yourself to feel like that in everyday life because there are so many distractions. But when you' re out on the bike and there's nothing else, you' re really free to experience what life is.” Post-degree, Fahey worked on projects with the UNDP(United Nations Development Project) in Montenegro with the aim of bringing investment to rural communities. It was while working on these projects that the seeds were sown for the next new investment. “It was through my trip across Africa that I discovered pannier and rack systems inconvenient and I was never going to use them again.” Little did she know this would lead her to start up her own company. In 2013, Apidura was born, producing storage solutions for people looking to travel the world by bike, race across continents and carry all they need to do so. It's now a successful global brand, but Fahey remains reflective about what else the company can do for people. 1．Why did Fahey leave her job in Canada? A．She was bored with the job. B．She was disappointed with life. C．She wanted to add new dimensions to her life. D．She found it hard to adjust to the circumstances. 2．Which can best describe Fahey's ride experience in Africa? A．Demanding. B．Liberating. C．Eventful. D．Dangerous. 3．Why did Fahey launch Apidura? A．To encourage bicycle traveling. B．To make her investment profitable. C．To help cyclists carry traveling stuff. D．To increase the pleasure of riding bikes. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A tough path to fame. B．An adventure across Africa. C．The benefits of green travelling. D．The story behind the birth of Apidura. （二） （2024·北京·一模）Envelope Budget From McDonald’s to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget. It was nothing to run to a drive-through to pick up a cold drink or a quick bite to eat. It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food. One day I sat down and calculated that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with$20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the entire week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast food stops that week. The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic, I would purchase a small. It was still satisfying but not nearly as pricey. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. Many days, the thought of hanging onto the money for a special purpose meant more to me than the instant satisfaction of fast food. I never really felt unhappy because it was a conscious choice to spend or save with each purchase. Envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week. Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of 5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life. 5．According to Paragraph 1, the author ______. A．had no time to cook for herself B．was fond of fast food very much C．lived with a small amount of money D．got some benefits from using her card 6．We can infer from the last paragraph that ______. A．envelope budget is good for health B．the budget means a pressure on life C．it is unusual to make some changes D．it is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why the author became addicted to fast food. B．Why the author took envelope budget seriously. C．How fast food controlled the author’s behavior. D．How envelope budget changed the author’s life. （三） （2024·山东潍坊·二模）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average. Born with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise. “This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign. “Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ” Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.” The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition. “It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.” 8．What can we learn from Chris' words? A．It's unwise to raise money. B．It's optional to seek donations. C．It's wonderful to study art. D．It's necessary to show kids' talents. 9．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5? A．I'm overjoyed. B．['m very serious. C．My mind goes blank. D．My mind is racing. 10．Which of the following best describes Luna? A．Gifted and determined. B．Generous and serious. C．Grateful and helpful. D．Creative and sensitive. 11．What is the text mainly intended to do? A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl. B．Set a good example to the disabled. C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes. D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients. （四） （2024·四川达州·二模）The phrase “Keeping up with the Joneses" has been an American saying for decades, likely coming from a picture book, which describes a family in a constant straggle to achieve the social status of their neighbors, the Joneses. While the picture book is long gone, the saying remains and the phenomenon still exists. The Joneses are everywhere, living a successful and wealthy life. Their skin is beautiful, their body is perfect, and they have much money. They have the good house, pets, smart children and they seem never to struggle. For people, the Joneses take the form of a particular family and they regard the Joneses as a description of perfection. We tell ourselves constantly if we could become someone just like our neighbors, we would be happy. However, as we compare ourselves with others, we notice the deep pain that these comparisons bring about. Well then, what do we do about the Joneses? We should remind ourselves nobody is perfect and perfection is an illusion. So we should train our brains to question or change the distorted (歪曲的) ways of thinking, and see the big picture. While the methods above do help us see others more clearly, the methods alone won't solve the problem. Moving away from comparison means turning inward to address our insecurities and inviting more mercy. From there, we can honestly begin to notice what we want for ourselves and work to reach those goals. That, finally, is the road to a peaceful mind. As we move away from the comparative model of judging worth and stop seeing others, success as a treat, we can even feel glad that the Joneses have meaningful careers. We can hope their marriage is happy, their bank account is full, and that their children are successful. We can hope good things happen to the Joneses. 12．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How "the Joneses" live. B．What your neighbors have. C．Why "the Joneses" are perfect. D．How your neighbors affect you. 13．Which is the eventual benefit of giving up comparison? A．Being grateful to life. B．Understanding others. C．Gaining peace of mind. D．Being close to perfection. 14．What does the author advise us to do? A．Follow our neighbors. B．Avoid perfect people. C．Show our love to other people. D．Treat others with a normal attitude. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Do We Become Perfect? B．Should We Keep up with the Joneses? C．How Should We Get on with Neighbors? D．Does the Phenomenon of Comparison Exist? （五） （2024·安徽黄山·二模）What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort. The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%. The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production. This Creative win-win solution was developed with an approval from the UK government by a 14-employee start-up called CCm. The fertilizer was experimented on potato seed beds this year, and next year Walkers will install CCm equipment at its Leicester factory to prepare for its 2022 crop. A decision has not yet been made on which brewery Walkers will work with on this. The new technology adds to carbon-saving techniques already under way. The firm has installed an anaerobic digester (厌氧消化池), which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process — so this saves on burning gas or coal. The new system will go a step further by taking away potato “cake” left after digestion — and mixing the brewery CO2 into it to make an enriched fertilizer which will help put carbon back into the soil as well as encouraging plant growth. It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet. 16．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To draw readers’ attention. B．To entertain readers. C．To show how useful beer and chips are to our life. D．To introduce a way of life. 17．Which of the following is an advantage of the system? A．It will be totally cost-free. B．It doesn’t consume any energy. C．It will be a perfect solution to climate change. D．It is environmentally-friendly. 18．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How CO2 is turned into fertilizer. B．How the technology stops CO2 emissions. C．How an energy-saving green technology works. D．The advantages of a new technology. 19．What can be inferred from the text? A．The technology will fix the problem of global warming. B．Walkers has a wide range of partner choices.? C．This technology will be adopted by many chips firms soon. D．Scientists are seeking solutions to climate change. （六） （2024高四川绵阳·三模）How does a brilliant teacher get that way? The question of how they developed has as many answers as there are inspired instructors. One example is an original and magnetic woman who has become one of best ever at taking disadvantaged students to a new level. Jackson was born in Altoona. Her father was a construction worker. When she was in the eighth grade, her father died just before Christmas. Her principal, Mrs. Brown, said not to worry about schoolwork for a while. That upset her. Her father would not have wanted her to do anything but her best. He always said: “Don’t let your first failure be the reason for your next.” Jackson was an accomplished shooting guard in basketball and a star sprinter on the track team, running the quarter — mile in 57 seconds. She thought she might become a sports broadcaster. She gave no thought to teaching until a friend took her to an introduction to a program, which placed novice instructors in schools full of low-income children. Jackson liked the idea of giving back, as well as the chance to have some of her student loans forgiven. She is a big sports person, and that is how she connects with lots of kids. She couldn’t motivate children until she knew what was bothering or pleasing them. “Students learn from people who love them.” she said, “They will be motivated and inspired to learn if they know deep down that you care about them." In class she gave basketball tickets to students who were doing their work. At weekly drawings they could win sticky notes, pencils or other small prizes. She helped create after-school clubs. A tall student said to her: “I’m a bailer. I heard you ball.” There was a basketball league in Paterson, but the school didn’t have a team. Jackson started one with support from local business executives. The student, Essence Carson, went to Rutgers University, was a first-round draft (运动员选拔机制) selection for the WNBA’s New York Liberty and now plays for the Connecticut Sun. 20．Why did Mrs. Brown’s words upset Jackson? A．Her father just passed away. B．She was taught to do her best. C．Her first failure led to another one. D．She was concerned about her grades. 21．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way Jackson turned teacher. B．The dream job Jackson desired. C．The student loans Jackson owed. D．The athletics Jackson did well in. 22．Why did Jackson give small prizes to her students in class? A．To connect with them. B．To please or bother them. C．To encourage them to learn. D．To show her love to them. 23．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Jackson founded a school team in Paterson alone. B．Jackson played in the basketball league in Paterson. C．Jackson selected Essence to play for WNBA’s New York Liberty. D．Jackson should take some credit for Essence’s professional career. （七） （2024·甘肃兰州·二模）One summer during high school, my mom volunteered me to help Grandpa research our family tree. Great, I thought, imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. "You'll be surprised," my mom promised, "Family histories can be very interesting." In truth, Grandpa didn't want to limit my work to just research, hoping to also preserve our family memories. He'd discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents before they crumble from old age. Grandpa wanted me to help him connect the scanner and set up the computer program. He could type documents and send emails, but had never used a scanner. Soon after, I became fascinated with my relatives' lives. I asked Grandpa to tell the story behind every picture and letter we scanned. The stories, which turned out not to be boring at all, helped me not only understand but also relate to my relatives. I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust. Perusing through their belongings, I felt I was opening a window into the world of my relatives, a world long since gone. Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder. I turned the pages of my great-grandmother's recipe book and could picture her cooking in her kitchen. All of the people who had been merely names to me now had faces to match. Later, Grandpa admitted, "I probably could have done this project myself. I just wanted someone to share it with." I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren. 24．Which of the following can best describe the author's first impression of research? A．Delightful. B．Tiresome. C．Surprising. D．Interesting 25．What does the underlined word "crumble" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Come to life. B．Tear apart. C．Fall to pieces. D．Break through. 26．Why did Grandpa give the author a chest? A．To show him a bundle of letters. B．To keep him away from boredom. C．To give him something to sort out. D．To fulfill his desire to know more. 27．What can we learn about Grandpa from the passage? A．He used to serve in the army. B．He knew nothing about computer. C．He buried the letters under gunpowder. D．He loved sharing what he had with others. 28．The best title of the passage is _______. A．Precious family memories B．My grandpa and his belongings C．My grandpa and his family tree D．Helping my grandpa in summer （八） （2024·广东深圳·二模）As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic. I was traveling with a film crew from Northern Ireland, following the footsteps of Lord Dufferin who, in the 1850s, sailed from Scotland to the Arctic. As an early adventure tourist, he was driven by the desire to see what lay at the ends of the world. As we sailed north, icebergs of the size of buses floated past our small boat. Finally, we reached our destination—English Bay, where Dufferin landed- and stepped off onto the horseshoe-shaped beach. This was what I'd dreamt of: standing somewhere so pure and primitive. However, for many early polar explorers, the results were far less pleasant. The south, in particular, was source of extreme danger. My childhood interest in the South Pole was fueled by the unsuccessful yet heroic adventures of Emest Shackleton. He died in 1922 while preparing for his fourth adventure. The stories of Robert Falcon Scott are also well-known: he and four companions died on their way back from the South Pole. So why do explorers put themselves at such risk? Much of it seems to lie in the purity of the challenge. Scott talked of the appeal of a place that had been “unreached and unseen by humans.” “With a view over shining lands covered by ice-sheets of inconceivable extent, you have the feeling of living over the control of death,” said Fridtjof Nansen, a Norwegian explorer. On the homeward journey the weather turned and we were left for a few days at the mercy of a storm. We experienced a small taste of helplessness when faced with the raw power of nature. We should be grateful for the great explorers’ spirit and stories. I know I am. 29．Why did the author begin his adventure tour? A．To assist a film crew B．To realize a childhood dream C．To memorize Lord Dufferin D．To challenge a world record 30．Which of the following best explains "inconceivable" underlined in paragraph 7? A．Hard to control B．Too far to reach C．Hard to imagine D．Too bright to view 31．What happened during the writer's journey? A．They were trapped in icebergs B．They were kept off the destination C．They were attacked by a storm D．They were rescued by explorers 32．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Appeal of the Ends of the World B．The Dream of Traveling to the Arctic C．The Victory over the Control of Death D．The Gratitude to Great Explorers Spirit （九） （2024·山东日照·二模）There are around 100 tribes(部落)that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India. The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from outside. Their language is different from any other known language. Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa. In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian government built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world. Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest. The Awa live in the Amazon forests ofBrazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land. The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life. Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us. After years of pressure, the organization got Brazil’s government to clear non-natives from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it's impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is：Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs? 33．What can we learn about the Sentinelese from the first paragraph? A．They resist contact from the outside world. B．They speakthe same language as the Jarawa. C．They are wild about fighting with other tribes. D．They have got help from the Indian govemment. 34．Why did the Awa choose a nomadic lifestyle? A．To protect their hunting land. B．To search for food sources. C．To avoid threats from Europeans. D．To maintain their original way of life. 35．Which of the following would Survival probably agree with? A．The tribes should be left undisturbed. B．The tribes should fight for more living space. C．The cribes should live in harmony with nature. D．The tribes should adapt to the connected world. 36．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Nomadic Tribes in the World B．Seeking Survival of Tribes C．The Unavailable Tribal Environment D．Protecting the Tribal Forests 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高考题型逐个击破-阅读理解之主旨大意题 题型解读 寻找主题句 抓住段落主题的捷径之一是在段落中寻找主题句。所谓主题句，是指能表达或概括段落主题或主要内容的句子，它通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概括性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，段落中的其他句子则围绕着主题句进行说明、解释或扩展。抓住了主题句，就等于抓住了段落的中心。 1)读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心，因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。 2)读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为全篇的总结。 3)读首尾抓大意。有些文章开头和结尾部分都有主题句，这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的“首尾照应”的写作方法。通常后面点题是进一步的总结，是引申，是发展。 4)从段中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 5)归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。 捕捉关键词 略读是概括和归纳文章或段落主旨大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。分析归纳筛选出最能表达文章主旨或作者意图的关键词（例如有的词在文中反复多次出现，这个词很可能就是最关键的词），继而确定文章的主旨大意。 仔细推敲选项 主旨大意题的干扰项往往有三种情况：一是“以偏概全”，选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三是“无中生有”，即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 阅读理解主旨大意题分类点拨 利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 解题技巧 解题必备知能（一） 理解标题的3大特点 1．概括性——准确而又简短； 2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符； 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项； 3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 解题必备知能（二） 掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。 用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门： 1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。 解题必备知能（三） 归纳段落大意的2种方法 方法1：概括段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。 (1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首； (2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾； (3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间； (4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了； (5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系； (6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。 方法2：揣摩段落大意 有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。 新题速递 （一） （2024·江苏·南京二模）Having worked for more than a decade in finance in the oil industry in Canada, Tori Fahey found herself wanting more from life. But it wasn't through desperation that her circumstances changed: “I didn't get fed up and storm off, nothing like that; it was curiosity about other interests and wanting to experience something new.” Fahey left her job and completed an MBA before setting up a move to New York to begin a degree. However, the opportunity of an open year between the MBA and the degree came up, and as a keen touring cyclist, Fahey realised that a much dreamed-about adventure was now becoming a possibility: "The ride in Africa had been on my fantasy list. It was a moment when I realised that I could do anything, so I should." Fahey rode across Africa, a 7,500-mile trip that took four months. The whole experience had a life-changing impact. Fahey said: “Bicycles provide a literal freedom. You don't allow yourself to feel like that in everyday life because there are so many distractions. But when you' re out on the bike and there's nothing else, you' re really free to experience what life is.” Post-degree, Fahey worked on projects with the UNDP(United Nations Development Project) in Montenegro with the aim of bringing investment to rural communities. It was while working on these projects that the seeds were sown for the next new investment. “It was through my trip across Africa that I discovered pannier and rack systems inconvenient and I was never going to use them again.” Little did she know this would lead her to start up her own company. In 2013, Apidura was born, producing storage solutions for people looking to travel the world by bike, race across continents and carry all they need to do so. It's now a successful global brand, but Fahey remains reflective about what else the company can do for people. 1．Why did Fahey leave her job in Canada? A．She was bored with the job. B．She was disappointed with life. C．She wanted to add new dimensions to her life. D．She found it hard to adjust to the circumstances. 2．Which can best describe Fahey's ride experience in Africa? A．Demanding. B．Liberating. C．Eventful. D．Dangerous. 3．Why did Fahey launch Apidura? A．To encourage bicycle traveling. B．To make her investment profitable. C．To help cyclists carry traveling stuff. D．To increase the pleasure of riding bikes. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A tough path to fame. B．An adventure across Africa. C．The benefits of green travelling. D．The story behind the birth of Apidura. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了渴望体验新事物的Tori Fahey辞掉了工作，在接受MBA学位教育期间去非洲进行了自行车旅行，在旅途中感到很自由，还因此创办了自己的公司Apidura。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Having worked for more than a decade in finance in the oil industry in Canada, Tori Fahey found herself wanting more from life. But it wasn't through desperation that her circumstances changed: “I didn't get fed up and storm off, nothing like that it was curiosity about other interests and wanting to experience something new.”(Tori Fahey在加拿大石油行业金融业工作了十多年，发现自己想从生活中得到更多。但她的情况并不是在绝望中改变的:“我并不是因为受够了而愤然离开，而是对其他兴趣的好奇，想要体验新事物。”)”可知，Fahey辞掉她在加拿大的工作是因为她想给她的生活增加新的维度。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Fahey said: “Bicycles provide a literal freedom. You don't allow yourself to feel like that in everyday life because there are so many distractions. But when you' re out on the bike and there's nothing else, you' re really free to experience what life is.”(Fahey说：“自行车提供了一种真正的自由。在日常生活中你不会有这样的感觉，因为有太多的干扰。但当你骑着自行车外出时，没有别的干扰，你就可以真正自由地体验生活。”)”可推知，Fahey在非洲的骑行经历很自由。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““It was through my trip across Africa that I discovered pannier and rack systems inconvenient and I was never going to use them again.” Little did she know this would lead her to start up her own company.(“在我穿越非洲的旅途中，我发现pannier和rack系统很不方便，我再也不会使用它们了。”她当时根本不知道这会促使她创办自己的公司)”以及最后一段中“In 2013, Apidura was born, producing storage solutions for people looking to travel the world by bike, race across continents and carry all they need to do so.(2013年，Apidura诞生了，为那些想要骑自行车环游世界、跨大洲比赛并携带所需物品的人提供存储解决方案)”可知，Fahey创办Apidura是为了帮助骑自行车的人携带旅行物品。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In 2013, Apidura was born, producing storage solutions for people looking to travel the world by bike, race across continents and carry all they need to do so. It's now a successful global brand, but Fahey remains reflective about what else the company can do for people.(2013年，Apidura诞生了，为那些想要骑自行车环游世界、跨大洲比赛并携带所需物品的人提供存储解决方案。它现在是一个成功的全球品牌，但Fahey仍然在思考公司还能为人们做些什么)”结合文章主要讲述了渴望体验新事物的Tori Fahey辞掉了工作，在接受MBA学位教育期间去非洲进行了自行车旅行，在旅途中感到很自由，还因此创办了自己的公司Apidura，可知，这篇文章主要讲了Apidura诞生背后的故事。故选D。 （二） （2024·北京·一模）Envelope Budget From McDonald’s to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget. It was nothing to run to a drive-through to pick up a cold drink or a quick bite to eat. It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food. One day I sat down and calculated that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with$20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the entire week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast food stops that week. The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic, I would purchase a small. It was still satisfying but not nearly as pricey. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. Many days, the thought of hanging onto the money for a special purpose meant more to me than the instant satisfaction of fast food. I never really felt unhappy because it was a conscious choice to spend or save with each purchase. Envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week. Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of 5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life. 5．According to Paragraph 1, the author ______. A．had no time to cook for herself B．was fond of fast food very much C．lived with a small amount of money D．got some benefits from using her card 6．We can infer from the last paragraph that ______. A．envelope budget is good for health B．the budget means a pressure on life C．it is unusual to make some changes D．it is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why the author became addicted to fast food. B．Why the author took envelope budget seriously. C．How fast food controlled the author’s behavior. D．How envelope budget changed the author’s life. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 【分析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为在快餐上消费太多，不仅体重增加而且花费太多的钱，因此决定改变这种情况。他每周放进信封20元钱作为购买快餐的费用，这样限制了购买快餐的费用但是并没有让她感到不快乐，并因此做出积极乐观的选择改善自己的生活。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food.(对我来说，我从快餐中得到了很多满足)”可知，作者从快餐上获得了很多满足感，喜欢快餐，故选 B。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food.(改变我在快餐上的花费方式不仅帮助了我节约预算，而且改善了我的体重。在第一个月，我仅仅通过改变我在快餐上的消费方式就能减掉5磅)”可知，进行信封预算后作者的体重得到控制。由此推知，信封预算有益于身体健康，故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. ”（信封预算让我更加注意我的购买），第四段的“Envelope budget kept me honest. ”（信封预算让我诚实）和最后一段“Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life.(改变我在快餐上的花费方式不仅帮助了我节约预算，而且改善了我的体重。在第一个月，我仅仅通过改变我在快餐上的消费方式就能减掉5磅。现在我更愿意自带午餐，而不是去买。我并不难过，但我有能力做出积极的选择来改善我的生活)”结合文章讲述了作者因为在快餐上消费太多，不仅体重增加而且花费太多的钱，因此决定改变这种情况。他每周放进信封20元钱作为购买快餐的费用，这样限制了购买快餐的费用但是并没有让她感到不快乐，并因此做出积极乐观的选择改善自己的生活。可知，这篇文章主要讲了信封预算如何改变了作者的生活的。故选 D。 （三） （2024·山东潍坊·二模）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average. Born with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise. “This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign. “Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ” Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.” The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition. “It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.” 8．What can we learn from Chris' words? A．It's unwise to raise money. B．It's optional to seek donations. C．It's wonderful to study art. D．It's necessary to show kids' talents. 9．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5? A．I'm overjoyed. B．['m very serious. C．My mind goes blank. D．My mind is racing. 10．Which of the following best describes Luna? A．Gifted and determined. B．Generous and serious. C．Grateful and helpful. D．Creative and sensitive. 11．What is the text mainly intended to do? A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl. B．Set a good example to the disabled. C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes. D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．D 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个有着先天性心脏缺损的12岁孩子Luna没有选择放弃，而是与Saucony公司合作，用自己的艺术天赋和坚持，设计出了自己的鞋子，发起“Shoes with soul（有灵魂的鞋子）”活动，最终通过这项活动来帮助其他患有心脏疾病的人。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH”（不仅仅是捐款，我们想创造一种体验和时刻，不仅是为了筹集资金，也是为了让人们意识到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world.”（特别地，我们想给BCH的孩子们一个机会，与世界分享他们的故事和他们的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段Luna的话“Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing.”（想到世界各地的孩子都穿着我的鞋，真是太棒了。）可找到关键词amazing，表示“惊人的，了不起的”，可知，Luna觉得若是每个孩子都能穿上她设计的鞋子，是一件令她高兴惊喜的事。因此推断“It blows my mind”表明Luna是极为高兴的。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion”（ 继续追求她在艺术和时尚方面的兴趣）、第三段的“I got to use my art and creativity for something new”（ 我开始用我的艺术和创造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“share their story and their talents”（分享他们的故事和他们的天赋）可以看出Luna是有才华，有天赋的（talented/gifted），又根据文章第二段“Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion.”（ Luna做过三次心脏手术，并继续追求她对艺术和时尚的兴趣。）以及最后一段“The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up.”（ 我给孩子或像我这样的人的建议是永远不要放弃。）可以看出Luna是意志坚定的（determined）。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。全文围绕“Luna是如何参与到这个活动的？”“这个活动是什么内容？”“活动的目的是什么？”以及“活动有什么重要意义？”“Luna想通过这个活动传递什么？”来讲述。因此推断D项：Introduce a campaign with kid patients.（介绍一项针对儿童患者的活动）是文章的目的。故选D。 （四） （2024·四川达州·二模）The phrase “Keeping up with the Joneses" has been an American saying for decades, likely coming from a picture book, which describes a family in a constant straggle to achieve the social status of their neighbors, the Joneses. While the picture book is long gone, the saying remains and the phenomenon still exists. The Joneses are everywhere, living a successful and wealthy life. Their skin is beautiful, their body is perfect, and they have much money. They have the good house, pets, smart children and they seem never to struggle. For people, the Joneses take the form of a particular family and they regard the Joneses as a description of perfection. We tell ourselves constantly if we could become someone just like our neighbors, we would be happy. However, as we compare ourselves with others, we notice the deep pain that these comparisons bring about. Well then, what do we do about the Joneses? We should remind ourselves nobody is perfect and perfection is an illusion. So we should train our brains to question or change the distorted (歪曲的) ways of thinking, and see the big picture. While the methods above do help us see others more clearly, the methods alone won't solve the problem. Moving away from comparison means turning inward to address our insecurities and inviting more mercy. From there, we can honestly begin to notice what we want for ourselves and work to reach those goals. That, finally, is the road to a peaceful mind. As we move away from the comparative model of judging worth and stop seeing others, success as a treat, we can even feel glad that the Joneses have meaningful careers. We can hope their marriage is happy, their bank account is full, and that their children are successful. We can hope good things happen to the Joneses. 12．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How "the Joneses" live. B．What your neighbors have. C．Why "the Joneses" are perfect. D．How your neighbors affect you. 13．Which is the eventual benefit of giving up comparison? A．Being grateful to life. B．Understanding others. C．Gaining peace of mind. D．Being close to perfection. 14．What does the author advise us to do? A．Follow our neighbors. B．Avoid perfect people. C．Show our love to other people. D．Treat others with a normal attitude. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Do We Become Perfect? B．Should We Keep up with the Joneses? C．How Should We Get on with Neighbors? D．Does the Phenomenon of Comparison Exist? 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章用一个短语“攀比”引出文章主题，现在的“攀比”风气仍然存在，会给我们带来很多痛苦，我们应该改变这种扭曲的思维方式，才能关注自己，实现自己的目标。 12．段落大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“Joneses are everywhere, living a successful and wealthy life.(琼斯一家到处都是，过着成功而富有的生活)”可知，本段都在描述的是我们的邻居都拥有什么，让我们觉得他们是成功的和富有的。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Moving away from comparison means turning inward to address our insecurities and inviting more mercy. From there, we can honestly begin to notice what we want for ourselves and work to reach those goals. That, finally, is the road to a peaceful mind.(远离攀比意味着转向内心去解决我们的不安全感，并招来更多的怜悯。从那时起，我们就能真正开始注意到自己想要什么，并努力去实现这些目标。最终，这是通往平静心灵的道路)”可知，放弃攀比的最终好处就是使内心平静。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As we move away from the comparative model of judging worth and stop seeing others, success as a treat, we can even feel glad that the Joneses have meaningful careers. We can hope their marriage is happy, their bank account is full, and that their children are successful. We can hope good things happen to the Joneses. (当我们不再用比较模式来判断价值，不再把别人的成功当作一种享受时，我们甚至会为与自己地位相当的人拥有有意义的事业而感到高兴。我们可以希望他们的婚姻美满，他们的银行存款充足，他们的孩子很成功。我们可以希望好事情发生在琼斯夫妇身上)”可知，当我们不去攀比的时候，我们就会用一种正常的态度去对待别人的成功，所以作者建议我们用正常的态度去对待别人。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The phrase “Keeping up with the Joneses” has been an American saying for decades, likely coming from a picture book, which describes a family in a constant straggle to achieve the social status of their neighbors, the Joneses. (“攀比”这句话在美国已经流传几十年了，可能出自一本绘本，描述了一个家庭如何不断努力想要比上邻居)”以及第四段“Moving away from comparison means turning inward to address our insecurities and inviting more mercy. From there, we can honestly begin to notice what we want for ourselves and work to reach those goals. That, finally, is the road to a peaceful mind. (远离攀比意味着转向内心去解决我们的不安全感，并招来更多的怜悯。从那时起，我们就能真正开始注意到自己想要什么，并努力去实现这些目标。最终，这是通往平静心灵的道路)”可知，本文主题就是要告诫我们不要攀比，才能找到并实现自己的目标，使内心获得平静。B选项“Should We Keep up with the Joneses? (我们应该攀比吗)”符合文章主题思想，适合作标题。故选B。 【点睛】标题猜测题。主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中B选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选B项。 （五） （2024·安徽黄山·二模）What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort. The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%. The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production. This Creative win-win solution was developed with an approval from the UK government by a 14-employee start-up called CCm. The fertilizer was experimented on potato seed beds this year, and next year Walkers will install CCm equipment at its Leicester factory to prepare for its 2022 crop. A decision has not yet been made on which brewery Walkers will work with on this. The new technology adds to carbon-saving techniques already under way. The firm has installed an anaerobic digester (厌氧消化池), which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process — so this saves on burning gas or coal. The new system will go a step further by taking away potato “cake” left after digestion — and mixing the brewery CO2 into it to make an enriched fertilizer which will help put carbon back into the soil as well as encouraging plant growth. It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet. 16．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To draw readers’ attention. B．To entertain readers. C．To show how useful beer and chips are to our life. D．To introduce a way of life. 17．Which of the following is an advantage of the system? A．It will be totally cost-free. B．It doesn’t consume any energy. C．It will be a perfect solution to climate change. D．It is environmentally-friendly. 18．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How CO2 is turned into fertilizer. B．How the technology stops CO2 emissions. C．How an energy-saving green technology works. D．The advantages of a new technology. 19．What can be inferred from the text? A．The technology will fix the problem of global warming. B．Walkers has a wide range of partner choices.? C．This technology will be adopted by many chips firms soon. D．Scientists are seeking solutions to climate change. 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．C 19．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家找到了利用二氧化碳排放的一个办法——啤酒和薯条的组合——来应对气候变化，减少地球的热量。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort. (一个典型的放松的夏日里最好的部分是什么？没有什么比坐在扶手椅上，手里拿着啤酒和一些薯条，享受这种巨大的舒适更好的了。)”和第二段中“The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. (人们喜爱的啤酒和薯条的组合首次被用来应对气候变化。)”可知，第一段的目的是吸引读者的注意，引出下文。故选A项。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%. (薯片公司Walkers采用了一种技术，据说可以将其生产过程中的二氧化碳排放量减少70%。)”和第三段中“Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. (制造肥料通常会产生很高的二氧化碳排放，但Walkers所采用的技术在制造肥料时不会产生二氧化碳。因此，啤酒和薯条的组合有双重功能。)”可知，该系统的优点之一是有环保性。故选D项。 18．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. (这项技术将使用啤酒厂从啤酒加工过程中捕获的二氧化碳，然后与马铃薯废料混合，变成肥料。然后，它将被传播到英国的田地里，为来年的马铃薯作物提供养料。)”和“It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production. (它可以阻止啤酒厂将二氧化碳排放到大气中，还可以节省通常由化肥生产产生的二氧化碳。)”可知，本段主要是介绍了这项绿色节能技术的工作原理。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet. (这是科学家们设法利用二氧化碳排放的一个例子，否则它会加剧地球的过热。)”可推知，科学家们正在寻找气候变化的解决方案。故选D项。 （六） （2024高四川绵阳·三模）How does a brilliant teacher get that way? The question of how they developed has as many answers as there are inspired instructors. One example is an original and magnetic woman who has become one of best ever at taking disadvantaged students to a new level. Jackson was born in Altoona. Her father was a construction worker. When she was in the eighth grade, her father died just before Christmas. Her principal, Mrs. Brown, said not to worry about schoolwork for a while. That upset her. Her father would not have wanted her to do anything but her best. He always said: “Don’t let your first failure be the reason for your next.” Jackson was an accomplished shooting guard in basketball and a star sprinter on the track team, running the quarter — mile in 57 seconds. She thought she might become a sports broadcaster. She gave no thought to teaching until a friend took her to an introduction to a program, which placed novice instructors in schools full of low-income children. Jackson liked the idea of giving back, as well as the chance to have some of her student loans forgiven. She is a big sports person, and that is how she connects with lots of kids. She couldn’t motivate children until she knew what was bothering or pleasing them. “Students learn from people who love them.” she said, “They will be motivated and inspired to learn if they know deep down that you care about them." In class she gave basketball tickets to students who were doing their work. At weekly drawings they could win sticky notes, pencils or other small prizes. She helped create after-school clubs. A tall student said to her: “I’m a bailer. I heard you ball.” There was a basketball league in Paterson, but the school didn’t have a team. Jackson started one with support from local business executives. The student, Essence Carson, went to Rutgers University, was a first-round draft (运动员选拔机制) selection for the WNBA’s New York Liberty and now plays for the Connecticut Sun. 20．Why did Mrs. Brown’s words upset Jackson? A．Her father just passed away. B．She was taught to do her best. C．Her first failure led to another one. D．She was concerned about her grades. 21．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way Jackson turned teacher. B．The dream job Jackson desired. C．The student loans Jackson owed. D．The athletics Jackson did well in. 22．Why did Jackson give small prizes to her students in class? A．To connect with them. B．To please or bother them. C．To encourage them to learn. D．To show her love to them. 23．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Jackson founded a school team in Paterson alone. B．Jackson played in the basketball league in Paterson. C．Jackson selected Essence to play for WNBA’s New York Liberty. D．Jackson should take some credit for Essence’s professional career. 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．D 【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了杰克逊是如何转变思维去当老师，并在学生生命中留下重要的印记的故事。 20．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Her father would not have wanted her to do anything but her best. (他父亲并不想让她做好所有的事情，但是要尽力去做)”可知，她被教导尽力去做事情。故选B项。 21．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段的第三句话“She gave no thought to teaching until a friend took her to an introduction to a program, which placed novice instructors in schools full of low-income children. (她对教书没有什么想法，直到一个朋友把她带到了一个项目介绍，在这个项目有很多新手老师，在这个学校中有很多低收入儿童)”可知，本段主要讲的是杰克逊变成一名教师的过程。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“They will be motivated and inspired to learn if they know deep down that you care about them.  (如果他们深深地知道你在关心他们的话，他们会被激励也会被鼓舞去学习)”可知，杰克逊给他们奖励的原因是要激励学生们学习。故选C项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Jackson started one with support from local business executives. The student, Essence Carson, went to Rutgers University, was a first-round draft (运动员选拔机制) selection for the WNB’s New York Liberty and now plays for the Connecticut Sun (杰克逊在当地企业高管的支持下开始了这一计划。学生 Esence Carson 去了罗格斯大学，是 WNBA 纽约自由队的第一轮选秀（选拔机制）选秀，现在为康涅狄格太阳队效力。)”可知，她的帮助对于学生是有帮助的。故选D项。 （七） （2024·甘肃兰州·二模）One summer during high school, my mom volunteered me to help Grandpa research our family tree. Great, I thought, imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. "You'll be surprised," my mom promised, "Family histories can be very interesting." In truth, Grandpa didn't want to limit my work to just research, hoping to also preserve our family memories. He'd discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents before they crumble from old age. Grandpa wanted me to help him connect the scanner and set up the computer program. He could type documents and send emails, but had never used a scanner. Soon after, I became fascinated with my relatives' lives. I asked Grandpa to tell the story behind every picture and letter we scanned. The stories, which turned out not to be boring at all, helped me not only understand but also relate to my relatives. I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust. Perusing through their belongings, I felt I was opening a window into the world of my relatives, a world long since gone. Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder. I turned the pages of my great-grandmother's recipe book and could picture her cooking in her kitchen. All of the people who had been merely names to me now had faces to match. Later, Grandpa admitted, "I probably could have done this project myself. I just wanted someone to share it with." I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren. 24．Which of the following can best describe the author's first impression of research? A．Delightful. B．Tiresome. C．Surprising. D．Interesting 25．What does the underlined word "crumble" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Come to life. B．Tear apart. C．Fall to pieces. D．Break through. 26．Why did Grandpa give the author a chest? A．To show him a bundle of letters. B．To keep him away from boredom. C．To give him something to sort out. D．To fulfill his desire to know more. 27．What can we learn about Grandpa from the passage? A．He used to serve in the army. B．He knew nothing about computer. C．He buried the letters under gunpowder. D．He loved sharing what he had with others. 28．The best title of the passage is _______. A．Precious family memories B．My grandpa and his belongings C．My grandpa and his family tree D．Helping my grandpa in summer 【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个暑假和爷爷一起整理老照片，从刚开始讨厌做这样无聊的事到渴望了解更多过去的人的历史。作者会珍惜家庭的记忆，希望有一天能把它们传给自己的孙辈。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“imagining hours spent pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know.（想象自己花了几个小时在满是灰尘、腐烂的箱子里翻来翻去，听着关于不认识的人的无聊故事。）”可知，最能描述作者对研究的第一印象是讨厌的。故选B。 25．词句猜测题。根据上文“He'd discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents（他发现了一个电脑程序，可以帮助对旧照片和信件进行数字扫描，以保存它们的内容）”可推知，划线词部分的意思为“在它们因年份太久而破碎之前”。crumble意为“破碎”，与fall into pieces同义。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust.（我非常渴望了解更多的信息，爷爷需要额外的道具来满足我。他给我看了一个箱子，里面装满了乱七八糟的东西，上面全是灰尘。）”可知，爷爷给了作者一个箱子满足他想知道更多的愿望。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front lines of World War II and I could almost smell the gunpowder.（爷爷给我看了一捆他从二战前线寄给奶奶的信，我几乎可以闻到火药的味道。）”可推知，爷爷曾经在军队服役。故选A。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其最后一段“I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren.（我无法表达对他的感激之情，因为他分享经历，让我感激那些使我成为现在这个样子的家庭成员。我会珍惜家人的回忆，并希望有一天能把它们传给我自己的孙辈。）”可知，文章讲述了作者在一个暑假和爷爷一起整理老照片，从刚开始讨厌做这样无聊的事到渴望了解更多过去的人的历史。作者会珍惜家庭的记忆，希望有一天能把它们传给自己的孙辈。A项：Precious family memories（珍贵的家庭回忆）符合题意。故选A。 （八） （2024·广东深圳·二模）As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic. I was traveling with a film crew from Northern Ireland, following the footsteps of Lord Dufferin who, in the 1850s, sailed from Scotland to the Arctic. As an early adventure tourist, he was driven by the desire to see what lay at the ends of the world. As we sailed north, icebergs of the size of buses floated past our small boat. Finally, we reached our destination—English Bay, where Dufferin landed- and stepped off onto the horseshoe-shaped beach. This was what I'd dreamt of: standing somewhere so pure and primitive. However, for many early polar explorers, the results were far less pleasant. The south, in particular, was source of extreme danger. My childhood interest in the South Pole was fueled by the unsuccessful yet heroic adventures of Emest Shackleton. He died in 1922 while preparing for his fourth adventure. The stories of Robert Falcon Scott are also well-known: he and four companions died on their way back from the South Pole. So why do explorers put themselves at such risk? Much of it seems to lie in the purity of the challenge. Scott talked of the appeal of a place that had been “unreached and unseen by humans.” “With a view over shining lands covered by ice-sheets of inconceivable extent, you have the feeling of living over the control of death,” said Fridtjof Nansen, a Norwegian explorer. On the homeward journey the weather turned and we were left for a few days at the mercy of a storm. We experienced a small taste of helplessness when faced with the raw power of nature. We should be grateful for the great explorers’ spirit and stories. I know I am. 29．Why did the author begin his adventure tour? A．To assist a film crew B．To realize a childhood dream C．To memorize Lord Dufferin D．To challenge a world record 30．Which of the following best explains "inconceivable" underlined in paragraph 7? A．Hard to control B．Too far to reach C．Hard to imagine D．Too bright to view 31．What happened during the writer's journey? A．They were trapped in icebergs B．They were kept off the destination C．They were attacked by a storm D．They were rescued by explorers 32．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Appeal of the Ends of the World B．The Dream of Traveling to the Arctic C．The Victory over the Control of Death D．The Gratitude to Great Explorers Spirit 【答案】29．B 30．C 31．C 32．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了实现童年去南极的梦想，跟随一个来自北爱尔兰的电影摄制组旅行，介绍了一路上的所见所闻和所感。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic.(小时候，我想去南极。十几岁的时候，我决定我也要去北极。然而，我什么都没做。我花了31年才到达北极)”以及第四段中“This was what I'd dreamt of: standing somewhere so pure and primitive. (这就是我所梦想的：站在一个如此纯净和原始的地方)”可知，作者开始他的冒险之旅是为了实现童年的梦想。故选B。 30．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Much of it seems to lie in the purity of the challenge. Scott talked of the appeal of a place that had been “unreached and unseen by humans.”(这在很大程度上似乎取决于挑战的纯粹性。Scott谈到了一个“人类无法触及和看不见的地方”的吸引力)”以及画线词上文“With a view over shining lands covered by ice-sheets of”和后文“you have the feeling of living over the control of death”可知，南极是人类无法触及和看不见的地方，所以挪威探险家Fridtjof Nansen说“看到覆盖着难以想象的冰盖的闪亮土地，你会有一种生活在死亡控制之下的感觉。”故画线词意思和C选项“难以想象”最接近。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“On the homeward journey the weather turned and we were left for a few days at the mercy of a storm.(在归途中，天气变了，我们被滞留了几天，由暴风雨摆布)”可知，作者在旅途中被暴风雨袭击了。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic.(小时候，我想去南极。十几岁的时候，我决定我也要去北极。然而，我什么都没做。我花了31年才到达北极)”结合文章主要讲述了作者为了实现童年去南极的梦想，跟随一个来自北爱尔兰的电影摄制组旅行，介绍了一路上的所见所闻和所感。可知，A选项“世界尽头的吸引力”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （九） （2024·山东日照·二模）There are around 100 tribes(部落)that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India. The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from outside. Their language is different from any other known language. Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa. In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian government built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world. Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest. The Awa live in the Amazon forests ofBrazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land. The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life. Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us. After years of pressure, the organization got Brazil’s government to clear non-natives from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it's impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is：Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs? 33．What can we learn about the Sentinelese from the first paragraph? A．They resist contact from the outside world. B．They speakthe same language as the Jarawa. C．They are wild about fighting with other tribes. D．They have got help from the Indian govemment. 34．Why did the Awa choose a nomadic lifestyle? A．To protect their hunting land. B．To search for food sources. C．To avoid threats from Europeans. D．To maintain their original way of life. 35．Which of the following would Survival probably agree with? A．The tribes should be left undisturbed. B．The tribes should fight for more living space. C．The cribes should live in harmony with nature. D．The tribes should adapt to the connected world. 36．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Nomadic Tribes in the World B．Seeking Survival of Tribes C．The Unavailable Tribal Environment D．Protecting the Tribal Forests 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．A 36．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界各地幸存的一些原始部落以及现代社会对他们的侵扰所造成的影响。 33．推理判断题。由第一段中的“They protect their island by fighting against people from outside” （他们通过抵抗外来的人来保护他们的岛屿。）；和“In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them”（在过去，他们是独立的，反对任何试图与他们接触的人。）可推知, the Sentinelese 是抵制与外界接触的，故选 A项。 34．细节理解题。由第三段中的第二句“They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans.”（1850年左右，为了躲避欧洲人的攻击，他们离开了自己的村庄，采用了游牧生活方式。）可知，The Awa 离开了他们的村庄过着游牧生活, 是为了免受欧洲人的攻击，故选 C项。 35．推理判断题。由第四段“Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.”（生存, 一个为部落人民的权利而战的组织，认为部落是最脆弱的，这就是为什么他们的环境对我们来说是不可获得的。可知, Survival 是一个为部落争取权利的一个组织，认为部落是弱势群体, 其他人不应该去打扰他们。故选 A项。 36．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are around 100 tribes(部落)that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India. The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years.”（大约有100个部落，生活在全球隔离,主要在南美洲和印度。森蒂纳尔人已经在印度东部的安达曼群岛生活了6万年。）文章的第二段“Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories.”（一些亚马逊部落因为不愉快的回忆而避免接触。）以及文章的第三段“The Awa live in the Amazon forests of Brazil. ”（阿瓦人生活在巴西的亚马逊森林里。）可知，本文主要是介绍了世界各地的一些原始部落的情况, 故选 B项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$