专题10 情态动词系动词七类十九个考点（清单）-【上好课】2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单 专题24 情态动词七大类十九个考点（讲案）原卷版 （快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填） 目录 一、情态动词用法快问快答 P1 二、情态动词考点思维导图 P2 三、情态动词用法考点清单 P2 考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳 P2 考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳 P3 考点清单三、情态动词must和have to用法归纳 P3 考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳 P4 考点清单五、情态动词shall, should和ought to用法归纳 P4 考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳 P5 考点清单七、情态动词+have done用法对比 P5 四、情态动词用法分类训练 P6 分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空） P6 分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空） P6 分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空） P8 分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创） P8 和谐乐章 土楼回响--中美“Z世代”青年音乐交流会奏响南靖 P9 一、情态动词用法快问快答 Q1：情态动词有哪些核心考点？ A1：情态动词种类多，用法复杂，涉及到情态动词的基本用法、推测用法和虚拟语气用法。 Q2：情态动词难点是什么？ A2：难点是情态动词表示推测的用法区别以及“情态动词+have done”的用法。 Q3：如何才能学好情态动词？ A3：一要构建好情态动词的知识网络，二要了解其基本用法区别，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。 Q4：学好情态动词有什么意义？ A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在口语交际和写作中尝试使用高级句式进一步提升语言表达力。 二、情态动词考点思维导图 三、情态动词用法考点清单 考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳 用法 示例 1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 Susan isn't very good at maths, but she can speak English very well.苏珊并不擅长数学，但是她的英语说得很好。 We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 2.表示“推测”时，can常用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 Mr. Black can't be at home—he has gone to America.布莱克先生不可能在家——他去美国了。 Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 —Could/Can you pick me up at the airport? 你能去机场接机好吗? —Yes. I can. 好的，可以。 4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 She can't have finished the work. 她不可能完成了那份工作。 5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。 I'm sure you will be able to look after yourself.我相信你会照顾你自己的。 I haven't been able to sleep very well recently. 最近我总是睡不好。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. —_________  you come with me to Lang Lang’s piano concert this evening? —I’d love to, but I have to study for my math test. 2. I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book, but all they ________tell me was that it would come out before the end of the year. 3.—The test is very important to us. Do you think so? —Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test. 4. I could ___________(lend) you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 5. My legs failed me and I was _________(able) to run the last lap. 考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳 用法 示例 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 She said I might call her at the weekend.她说我可以周末给她打电话。 May I borrow the car tomorrow?明天我能借用下车吗？ 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小。 He may/might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。 He may/might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。 3. may/might well do sth很可能, may/might as well do sth.不妨。 Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变化如此大，你很可能认不出她了。 You might as well give him the letter.你不妨把信给他。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ May all your dreams come true! 祝你所有的梦想都实现！ 5.may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 She may have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。 It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. If you think the price of beef is too high, you _________ as well buy some pork. It depends on you! 2. Our holidays were ruined by the weather, we _________ just as well have stayed at home! 3. We _________ have different opinions in organizing class activities, but we can discuss together to make them better. 4. (2005安徽卷)Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. 考点清单三、情态动词must和have to用法归纳 用法 示例 1.must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许，禁止。 Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。 You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。 2.must表示“推测”,意为“一定是，准是",只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事。 He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。 Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。 3.must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。 Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨？ 4.have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,等于needn't。 You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。 You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Look, double yellow lines! You _________ park here. 2. The students answered all the questions correctly. She ______ have made full preparations. 3. You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. 4.—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____ go now. My daughter is home alone. 5. The ground is wet. It must ___________(rain) last night. 6. When I was taking a nap, a student ___________ knock at the door. 考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳 用法 示例 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you join our discussion? 你愿意加入我们的讨论吗? Would you open the window, please? 请把窗户打开好吗? 2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。 She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。 On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 夏天的晚上他们会坐在外面的花园里。 3. will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉? Would you please post the 1etter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗? 4.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。 My car wouldn't start this morning.今天早晨我的汽车怎么也发动不起来。 The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed.不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。 5.would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设。 But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. — The door ________ open, no matter how hard I pushed. 2. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ___________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. 3. Don’t get this kind of ink on your shirt, for it ______ wash out. 4. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 考点清单五、情态动词shall, should和ought to用法归纳 用法 示例 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗? 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。 3.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”,否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心大意。 Humans ought to stop polluting nature.人类应停止污染大自然。 Ought I to hand in my composition now? 我现在就应该把作文交上吗? 4.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”。 It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials. 应该是迈克拿走了所有的材料。 5. should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人,真是奇怪。 6.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t. 那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。 You should have told her the truth.你本应该告诉她真相的。 7.suggest, order, require that…从句常用“should do”, should 可省。 I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack _________ be here at any moment. 2. I’m feeling sick. I shouldn’t ___________(eat) so much ice cream. 3. I wonder why they’re so late. They ___________ have been here two hours ago. 4. He demands (that) he ____________(tell) everything. 5. He demands that John ______________(send) there at once. 考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳 用法 示例 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。 Need I hand in my homework now？我现在就要交家庭作业吗？ I needn’t go this week.这星期我不必去。 2.needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。 3. need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。 My car needs repairing=My care needs to be repaired.我的车该修理了。 4.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。 He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。 I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。 5.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。 Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗？ 6. I dare say...我想,大概,可能,或许……. I dare say things will improve.我想情况会好转的。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. He has grown up. We don't __________ to worry about him. 2. He has grown up. We __________ worry about him. 3. He has grown up. There is no need __________(worry) about him. 4. He ___________ dare to walk at night fifteen years ago. 5. He ___________not walk at night fifteen years ago. 6. He dared me ___________(jump) over the stream. 7. If you ___________ cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment. 考点清单七、情态动词+have done用法对比 用法 示例 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。 Where can he have gone? 他可能到哪儿去了呢？ 2.could have done本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可能做了某事”。 You could have been more considerate. 你其实可以想的更周到些。 She couldn’t have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了。 3.may/might have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。 He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。 She might not have settled the problem. 她可能尚未解决那个问题。 4. must have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”，只用于肯定句中。 The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的，准是下雨了。 He must have been drinking beer. 他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。 5.should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。 She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。 6.shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。 7.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 You needn't have come so early. 你不必那么早来嘛。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. But for his timely help, we ___________have finished our task in such a short time. 2. Mary’s bedroom is so tidy. She ________have cleaned it yesterday. 3. There were no signs that the fire had been set deliberately. It might ________(cause) by a cigarette end, I guess. 4. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 5. George _________ have gone too far. His coffee is still warm. 四、情态动词用法分类训练 分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空） 在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2024全国甲卷）What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 2.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 3.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 4.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 5.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空） 1. （2023·天津·高考卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 2.（2021·天津·高考卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 3.（2021·天津·高考卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 4.（2017·全国·高考卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air. A. may B. can C. might D. must 5.（2020·江苏·高考卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 6.（2020·天津·高考卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A. must B. can C. need D. should 7.（2020·天津·高考卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 8.（2018·天津·高考卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 9.（2019·天津·高考卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare 10.（2019·天津·高考卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 11.（2015·四川·高考卷）You _____be careful with the camera. It costs! A. must B. may C. can D. will 12.（2015·天津·高考卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 13.（2015·重庆·高考卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 14.（2015·福建·高考卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 15.（2014·重庆·高考卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 16.（2017·天津·高考卷）Someone ____the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. A. could leave B. must have left C. might leave D. should have left 17.（2018·北京·高考卷）In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 18.（2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 19.（2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 20.（2017·北京·高考卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 21.（2015·浙江·高考卷） It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 22.（2011·重庆·高考卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 23.（2011·北京·高考卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 24.（2011·湖南·高考卷）No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might 25.（2010·辽宁·高考卷）Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it__________be regular exercise . A. can B. will C. must D. may 分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空） 1.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I ________ have made six salads with what I threw out. 2. In humans, babies ________ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age. 3. It used to be that you ____________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 4. I believe he ________ take your condition into careful consideration. 5. If you want to be successful in your life, you ________ believe in yourself. 6. Officials say they are not sure exactly what persuaded the elephants to make their long trip; some experts say the elephants ________ have left because their leader ________ have gotten lost. 7. However, it may be not easy to cheer up your friends when you ________ be by their side. 8. A geneticist (遗传学家) says that individuals who are effortlessly thin ________ hold the key to understanding obesity. 9. ________ you make so much noise? 10. With our school's annual Sports Day approaching, I ________ help thinking of my sports experience. 11. I can't find Charlie anywhere; I think the mailman ________ have forgotten to close the gate. 12. Darling, our son has grown up and is quite independent now; you ________ be too concerned about him. 13. I can't understand why he ________ have been so angry; I meant no offence. 14. You ________ not have success right away, but that doesn't mean you ________ have it at all. 15. According to the school rule, no child ________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents. 16. Healthy young people ________ have home blood test very often. 17. In college I had been taught that a successful educator ________ ignore bad behavior. h together and be in the library, working silently side­by­side. 19. It had the soldier's name and army number, so he supposed that the message ________ be real. 20. When you introduce me to the businessman, ________ you please say something for me? 分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创） US students go green at exchange camp in Fujian US college students are experiencing China firsthand through a cultural exchange program 1 aims to foster environmental awareness. The China-US Youth Exchange Camp, which began on Monday at the Xiamen campus of Huaqiao University, is 2 (joint) organized by the Fujian Provincial Department of Education and Huaqiao University. About 110 students from the United States will visit 3 (city) including Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou during the 10-day exchange program, which 4 (focus) on music, the environment and culture. The camp aims to promote educational exchanges and cooperation between Fujian province and the US, 5 (foster) mutual understanding and building bridges for future cooperation between young people from both countries. Beyond cultural immersion, the camp prioritizes environmental 6 (sustainable). Students participated in "Xiamen Practice" environmental volunteer activities, gaining firsthand knowledge of river management and 7 (ecology) governance. They cleaned tidal flats of garbage 8 learned about "sponge campus" construction, a water management system. "We in America get a lot of interesting things 9 (tell) to us about the people here and the culture," said William Sprayberry, a freshman at Middle Tennessee State University. "But you don't really see that as reality because it's so far from our everyday descriptions of China. 10 reality, we're all just people. We have different cultures, different customs, but at the end of the day, we're all just trying to live here." 【新闻背景】 7月9日，南靖县田中赋景区群星荟萃、乐声飞扬，2024年“和谐乐章 土楼回响”——中美“Z世代”青年音乐交流会在此上演，吸引数百名观众欢聚一堂。 整场音乐会以12首经典歌曲为主线，这些歌曲均由南靖籍旅美青年钢琴家阮扬扬改编，荟萃了中外乐坛的经典之作，由阮扬扬和同样来自美国柯蒂斯音乐学院的大提琴演奏家Romain Gray、小提琴演奏家 Yiyang Hou、双簧管演奏家Jamison Hillian、打击乐演奏家 Maxence Dauriat进行表演。他们用精湛的技法、饱满的感情，拉近高雅艺术与大众的距离，带来了一场中外音乐交融的精彩演出。 据了解，本次音乐会旨在贯彻落实习近平总书记致“鼓岭缘”中美青年交流周贺信的精神，推动中美青年文化交流，持续打造“福建土楼·五福南靖”特色文化品牌，加快促进文旅融合，带动南靖县文旅经济发展。南靖走出的旅美青年钢琴家阮扬扬演绎“故乡情”，在为广大观众奉献一场精彩演奏的同时，也带领演出团队拍摄宣传五福南靖的土楼专题片，进一步宣传南靖对外友好形象和土楼旅游资源。 9 / 9 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单 专题24 情态动词七大类十九个考点（讲案）解析版 （快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填） 目录 一、情态动词用法快问快答 P1 二、情态动词考点思维导图 P2 三、情态动词用法考点清单 P2 考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳 P2 考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳 P2 考点清单三、情态动词must和have to用法归纳 P4 考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳 P5 考点清单五、情态动词shall, should和ought to用法归纳 P6 考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳 P6 考点清单七、情态动词+have done用法对比 P7 四、情态动词用法分类训练 P8 分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空） P8 分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空） P9 分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空） P13 分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创） P14 和谐乐章 土楼回响--中美“Z世代”青年音乐交流会奏响南靖 P14 一、情态动词用法快问快答 Q1：情态动词有哪些核心考点？ A1：情态动词种类多，用法复杂，涉及到情态动词的基本用法、推测用法和虚拟语气用法。 Q2：情态动词难点是什么？ A2：难点是情态动词表示推测的用法区别以及“情态动词+have done”的用法。 Q3：如何才能学好情态动词？ A3：一要构建好情态动词的知识网络，二要了解其基本用法区别，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。 Q4：学好情态动词有什么意义？ A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在口语交际和写作中尝试使用高级句式进一步提升语言表达力。 二、情态动词考点思维导图 三、情态动词用法考点清单 考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳 用法 示例 1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 Susan isn't very good at maths, but she can speak English very well.苏珊并不擅长数学，但是她的英语说得很好。 We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 2.表示“推测”时，can常用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 Mr. Black can't be at home—he has gone to America.布莱克先生不可能在家——他去美国了。 Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 —Could/Can you pick me up at the airport? 你能去机场接机好吗? —Yes. I can. 好的，可以。 4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 She can't have finished the work. 她不可能完成了那份工作。 5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。 I'm sure you will be able to look after yourself.我相信你会照顾你自己的。 I haven't been able to sleep very well recently. 最近我总是睡不好。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. —_________  you come with me to Lang Lang’s piano concert this evening? —I’d love to, but I have to study for my math test. 【答案】Can/Could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：一一今晚你可以跟我去听郎朗的钢琴演奏会吗？——我很想去，但我不得不为我的数学测试而学习。结合语意可知，can/could表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中。2. I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book, but all they ________tell me was that it would come out before the end of the year. 【答案】could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我在书店询问威尔·达顿的新书，但他们只能告诉我，这本书将在今年年底前出版。根据“I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book,”可知，书店店员只能告诉这本书将在今年年底前出版。 3.—The test is very important to us. Do you think so? —Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test. 【答案】can’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——考试对我们来说非常重要。你认为是吗?——是的，所以我们在考试时再认真都不为过。分析结构可知这向话使用“can't be too+形容词”的句型，意为“再……都不为过”。 4. I could ___________(lend) you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 【答案】have lent 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? could have done用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。 5. My legs failed me and I was _________(able) to run the last lap. 【答案】unable 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我这腿不争气，最后一圈跑不动了。be unable to do不能做某事。 考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳 用法 示例 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 She said I might call her at the weekend.她说我可以周末给她打电话。 May I borrow the car tomorrow?明天我能借用下车吗？ 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小。 He may/might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。 He may/might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。 3. may/might well do sth很可能, may/might as well do sth.不妨。 Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变化如此大，你很可能认不出她了。 You might as well give him the letter.你不妨把信给他。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ May all your dreams come true! 祝你所有的梦想都实现！ 5.may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 She may have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。 It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. If you think the price of beef is too high, you _________ as well buy some pork. It depends on you! 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词may的用法。句意：如果你觉得牛肉的价格太高，你也可以买一些猪肉。这取决于你！ may as well用于提出建议或选择，表示除了某种选择外，还有另一种选择也是可行的。 2. Our holidays were ruined by the weather, we _________ just as well have stayed at home! 【答案】might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们的假期被天气给毁了，我们还不如呆在家里呢！由Our holidays were ruined by the weather和stayed at home可知，句子表示“我们的假期被天气给毁了，我们还不如呆在家里呢”，might as well是固定短语，意为“最好，不妨，还不如”，因此空格处是might。 3. We _________ have different opinions in organizing class activities, but we can discuss together to make them better. 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们在组织班级活动方面可以有不同的意见，但是我们可以一起讨论使活动变得更好。分析句子结构可知，此处应为情态动词表推测的用法，结合句意可知，该句表示的是对现在情况不确定性的一种推测，所以使用“may+动词原形”结构。 4. (2005安徽卷)Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。 考点清单三、情态动词must和have to用法归纳 用法 示例 1.must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许，禁止。 Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。 You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。 2.must表示“推测”,意为“一定是，准是",只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事。 He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。 Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。 3.must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。 Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨？ 4.have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,等于needn't。 You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。 You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Look, double yellow lines! You _________ park here. 【答案】mustn’t 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：看，双黄线！你禁止在这里停车。由“double yellow lines”可知，句子表示“你禁止在这里停车”，空格处表示“禁止”， 2. The students answered all the questions correctly. She ______ have made full preparations. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：学生们正确地回答了所有的问题。她一定做了充分的准备。根据上文“The students answered all the questions correctly.”可知，已经正确回答了所有问题，所以是must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。 3. You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测；根据下文“这些年你一点用没有改变”可知，前文表示肯定性推测。 4.—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____ go now. My daughter is home alone. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。结合句意可知，因为女儿一人在家，说话者必须要走。 5. The ground is wet. It must ___________(rain) last night. 【答案】have rained 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测。 6. When I was taking a nap, a student ___________ knock at the door. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。 考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳 用法 示例 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you join our discussion? 你愿意加入我们的讨论吗? Would you open the window, please? 请把窗户打开好吗? 2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。 She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。 On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 夏天的晚上他们会坐在外面的花园里。 3. will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉? Would you please post the 1etter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗? 4.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。 My car wouldn't start this morning.今天早晨我的汽车怎么也发动不起来。 The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed.不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。 5.would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设。 But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. — The door ________ open, no matter how hard I pushed. 【答案】won’t 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你为什么不进办公室？他们正在等你。——不管我怎么推，门都打不开。此处主语为door，且表示实施者执意要开，应用won’t。 2. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ___________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. 【答案】would 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈会在周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据语境判断此处指过去妈妈经常在周末带他去。 3. Don’t get this kind of ink on your shirt, for it ______ wash out. 【答案】won’t 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：别把这种墨水弄到你的衬衫上，因为它将会洗不掉。此处won’t wash out表示“总是洗不掉”。 4. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 【答案】have accomplished 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。Otherwise表示“否则，要不的话”，前边相当于If they had been better organized，主句应用would have done。 考点清单五、情态动词shall, should和ought to用法归纳 用法 示例 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗? 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。 3.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”,否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心大意。 Humans ought to stop polluting nature.人类应停止污染大自然。 Ought I to hand in my composition now? 我现在就应该把作文交上吗? 4.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”。 It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials. 应该是迈克拿走了所有的材料。 5. should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人,真是奇怪。 6.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t. 那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。 You should have told her the truth.你本应该告诉她真相的。 7.suggest, order, require that…从句常用“should do”, should 可省。 I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack _________ be here at any moment. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能（应可能）到这儿。should表示“推测”把把握较大。 2. I’m feeling sick. I shouldn’t ___________(eat) so much ice cream. 【答案】have eaten 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我觉得恶心，我不应该吃那么多冰淇淋。shouldn’t have done表示 “本不该做某事但已经做了”。 3. I wonder why they’re so late. They ___________ have been here two hours ago. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我不知道为什么他们来得这么晚，他们应该在两个小时之前到达的。 should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。 4. He demands (that) he ____________(tell) everything. 【答案】(should) be told 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他要求对一切知情。结合语境这里应用被动语态。 5. He demands that John ______________(send) there at once. 【答案】(should) be sent 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他要求约翰立即被派往那里去。结合语境这里应用被动语态。 考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳 用法 示例 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。 Need I hand in my homework now？我现在就要交家庭作业吗？ I needn’t go this week.这星期我不必去。 2.needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。 3. need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。 My car needs repairing=My care needs to be repaired.我的车该修理了。 4.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。 He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。 I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。 5.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。 Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗？ 6. I dare say...我想,大概,可能,或许……. I dare say things will improve.我想情况会好转的。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. He has grown up. We don't __________ to worry about him. 2. He has grown up. We __________ worry about him. 3. He has grown up. There is no need __________(worry) about him. 4. He ___________ dare to walk at night fifteen years ago. 5. He ___________not walk at night fifteen years ago. 6. He dared me ___________(jump) over the stream. 7. If you ___________ cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment. 【参考答案】 1. need 2. needn’t 3.to worry 4. didn't 5. dared 6. to jump 7. dare 考点清单七、情态动词+have done用法对比 用法 示例 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。 Where can he have gone? 他可能到哪儿去了呢？ 2.could have done本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可能做了某事”。 You could have been more considerate. 你其实可以想的更周到些。 She couldn’t have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了。 3.may/might have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。 He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。 She might not have settled the problem. 她可能尚未解决那个问题。 4. must have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”，只用于肯定句中。 The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的，准是下雨了。 He must have been drinking beer. 他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。 5.should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。 She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。 6.shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。 7.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 You needn't have come so early. 你不必那么早来嘛。 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. But for his timely help, we ___________have finished our task in such a short time. 【答案】couldn’t 【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：要不是他及时的帮助，我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是对过去事情的否定推测，应用couldn’t have done，表示过去不可能做某事。 2. Mary’s bedroom is so tidy. She ________have cleaned it yesterday. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：玛丽的卧室很整洁。她昨晚一定打扫过了。此处表示对过去发生事件的肯定性推测，因为第一句交代了玛丽的卧室很整洁的背景，因此推测房间一定是打扫过了。 3. There were no signs that the fire had been set deliberately. It might ________(cause) by a cigarette end, I guess. 【答案】have been caused 【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法辨析。句意：没有迹象表明这场火灾是故意纵火。我猜可能是烟头引起的。根据语境和后文“I guess”，此处表示主观推测，可能性不大。对过去进行推测应用情态动词+have done。 4. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 【答案】needn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“for my classmates here are very friendly to me.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。 5. George _________ have gone too far. His coffee is still warm. 【答案】can’t 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done不可能做了某事。 四、情态动词用法分类训练 分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空） 在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2024全国甲卷）What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 2.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 4.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 答案：be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 5.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 答案：be chosen 【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空） 1. （2023·天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 2. （2021·天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。 3. （2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 4. （2017·全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air. A. may B. can C. might D. must 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：鲸通过肺呼吸，就跟我们人类一样，所以它们必须浮上水面呼吸空气。A. may可以，也许；B. can可以（有能力），可能；C. might也许，语气较弱；D. must必须，一定。根据语境，鲸由于用肺呼吸，它一定要浮出水面，没有其它可能，故选D。 5. （2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。 6. （2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A. must B. can C. need D. should 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。 7. （2020·天津·高考卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。 8. （2018·天津·高考卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t    不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。 9. （2019·天津·高考卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare 【答案】A 【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。 10. （2019·天津·高考卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 11. （2015·四川·高考卷）You _____be careful with the camera. It costs! A. must B. may C. can D. will 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你一定得小心摆弄相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选A。 12. （2015·天津·高考卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“for my classmates here are very friendly to me.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。mightn't也许不；mustn't不允许；couldn't不可能。故选C。 13. （2015·重庆·高考卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测；can表示推测，表示可能性；will表示意愿；shall表示表示决心、命令或指示。根据下文“这些年你一点用没有改变”可知，前文表示肯定性推测。故选A。 14. （2015·福建·高考卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：—对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。—噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D 15. （2014·重庆·高考卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t表示“无能力”；B. dare not表示“无勇气”；C. needn’t意为“无必要”；D. may not表示“推断”。 因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。 16. （2017·天津·高考卷）Someone ____the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. A. could leave B. must have left C. might leave D. should have left 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。must have done表示对过去是清有把握的坑定推测，意思是“一定是做某事了”，故选B。 17. （2018·北京·高考卷）In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。 点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。 18. （2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。 19. （2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A. daren’t不敢；Bshouldn’t不应该；C. needn’t不需要；D. mustn’t不许。根据but可知，意思表示转折，故选C。 20. （2017·北京·高考卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。A. must必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，故选C。 21. （2015·浙江·高考卷） It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式，此处句式表示“如此……以至于……”，因此推断此处表示“不能够”。故选A。 22. （2011·重庆·高考卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你昨天晚上为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？——我想去，但我妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去。A.could“可以，能够”，表示可能性或用语礼貌委婉语气；B.might“可能”，表示不确定；C.would“愿意”，表示意愿；D.should“应该”，表示建议、命令、决定等。结合语境，此处为“妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去”，故选C。 23. （2011·北京·高考卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我真不喜欢James。你为什么邀请他？——别担心。他可能不来。他说他不确定他的计划。A. must not禁止；B. need not不必；C. would not不会，不肯；D. might not可能不。根据he wasn’t certain可知，James可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定，might not，故选D。 24. （2011·湖南·高考卷）No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：打篮球，没有人能够和姚明相比较。A. can能；可以； B. need需要； C. must必须；  D. might或许。根据句意，此处表示没有人能够和姚明相比。故选A。 25. （2010·辽宁·高考卷）Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it__________be regular exercise . A. can B. will C. must D. may 【答案】C 【详解】 考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：医生说锻炼对健康很重要，但必须得是定期锻炼。A. can 能够，可能；B. will愿意，下决心；C. must 必须，一定；D. may 可以。根据句子上下文意思可知，这里需要表示“必须”的意思的情态动词。故选C。 分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空） 1.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I ________ have made six salads with what I threw out. 1.could　 此处指他本可以用扔掉的菜做六份沙拉， could have done“本可以做某事，但是实际上却没有做”，故填could。 2. In humans, babies ________ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age. 2.can　 句意：在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里。此处表示能力，故填can。 3. It used to be that you ____________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 3.could　 句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。此处表示对过去客观可能性的推测。故填could。 4. I believe he ________ take your condition into careful consideration. 4.will　 此处指主语的意志和意愿，故填will。 5. If you want to be successful in your life, you ________ believe in yourself. 5.must　 句意：如果你想在生活中取得成功，你必须相信自己。此处表示“必须”，故填must。 6. Officials say they are not sure exactly what persuaded the elephants to make their long trip; some experts say the elephants ________ have left because their leader ________ have gotten lost. 6.might; might　 句意：官方表示他们不确定究竟是什么原因促使大象长途跋涉，一些专家说大象离开可能是因为它们的领袖可能迷路了。第一空及第二空都指对过去的一种推测。故填might; might。 7. However, it may be not easy to cheer up your friends when you ________ be by their side. 7.can't　 句意：然而，当你不能在朋友身边时，让他们高兴起来可能并不容易。此处表示“不能”。故填can't。 8. A geneticist (遗传学家) says that individuals who are effortlessly thin ________ hold the key to understanding obesity. 8.may　 句意：遗传学家说那些毫不费力地保持苗条身材的人也许理解肥胖的关键。此处应用情态动词may表推测。故填may。 9. ________ you make so much noise? 9.Must　 句意：你偏要制造这么多的噪音吗？此处must表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏要，非要”。故填Must。 10. With our school's annual Sports Day approaching, I ________ help thinking of my sports experience. 10.can't　 can't help doing sth “情不自禁地做某事”，故填can't。 11. I can't find Charlie anywhere; I think the mailman ________ have forgotten to close the gate. 11.must　 must have done “一定是……”，表示对过去发生的事的肯定猜测，故填must。 12. Darling, our son has grown up and is quite independent now; you ________ be too concerned about him. 12.needn't　 句意：亲爱的，我们的儿子已经长大，完全独立了，你不必太担心他了。此处表示不必要。 故填needn't。 13. I can't understand why he ________ have been so angry; I meant no offence. 13.should　 句意：我不明白他为什么竟然这么生气，我无意冒犯。此处应用should表示“竟然”。 故填should。 14. You ________ not have success right away, but that doesn't mean you ________ have it at all. 14.might; can't　 句意：你可能不会马上获得成功，但这并不意味着你根本无法获得成功。第一个空表示可能性，第二个空强调能力，故填might; can't。 15. According to the school rule, no child ________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents. 15.shall　 shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句时，表示说话者的警告、规定、命令、威胁、允诺等。根据句中According to the school rule可知，此处应用shall表示规定，故填shall。 16. Healthy young people ________ have home blood test very often. 16.needn't　 句意：健康的年轻人不需要经常在家验血。故填needn't。 17. In college I had been taught that a successful educator ________ ignore bad behavior. 17.shouldn't　 此处表示“不应该”，故填shouldn't。 18. There were times when we ________ get lunch together and be in the library, working silently side­by­side. 18.would　 There were times “曾经有这样的时光”，此处指过去的经常性动作，表示“(过去)总是，老是”，故填would。 19. It had the soldier's name and army number, so he supposed that the message ________ be real. 1.should　 should表示比较肯定的猜测。故填should。 20. When you introduce me to the businessman, ________ you please say something for me? 20.could/would　 could/would 可用来表示请求、提出礼貌的要求或请求许可。句型could/would you please do ...? “请你……好吗？”，故填could/would。 分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创） US students go green at exchange camp in Fujian US college students are experiencing China firsthand through a cultural exchange program 1 aims to foster environmental awareness. The China-US Youth Exchange Camp, which began on Monday at the Xiamen campus of Huaqiao University, is 2 (joint) organized by the Fujian Provincial Department of Education and Huaqiao University. About 110 students from the United States will visit 3 (city) including Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou during the 10-day exchange program, which 4 (focus) on music, the environment and culture. The camp aims to promote educational exchanges and cooperation between Fujian province and the US, 5 (foster) mutual understanding and building bridges for future cooperation between young people from both countries. Beyond cultural immersion, the camp prioritizes environmental 6 (sustainable). Students participated in "Xiamen Practice" environmental volunteer activities, gaining firsthand knowledge of river management and 7 (ecology) governance. They cleaned tidal flats of garbage 8 learned about "sponge campus" construction, a water management system. "We in America get a lot of interesting things 9 (tell) to us about the people here and the culture," said William Sprayberry, a freshman at Middle Tennessee State University. "But you don't really see that as reality because it's so far from our everyday descriptions of China. 10 reality, we're all just people. We have different cultures, different customs, but at the end of the day, we're all just trying to live here." 【参考答案】 1. that/which 2. jointly 3. cities 4. is focused 5. fostering 6. sustainability 7. ecological 8. and 9. told 10. 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