Unit 5 Learning from nature Using language Grammar 课件-2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

新外研选择性必修Book 3 Unit 5 Learning from nature Using languageⅠ P70-71 In this class, you will distinguish the usage of non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative by analysing the sentences from reading passage； practise using non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative correctly. Learning objectives Activity 1 Underline the following sentences in the reading passage. a. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,... b. ... it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. c. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. d. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. Activity 2 a. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,... b. ... it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Look at the sentences you underlined and answer the questions. Look at the “to do” structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve the same function in each sentence? No, they don’t. “To explore” in sentence (a) serves as object and “to float” in sentence (b) serves as predicative. predicative object Activity 2 Look at the sentences you underlined and answer the questions. c. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle? Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form? The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors’ feeling, so the -ed form is used. Activity 2 Look at the sentences you underlined and answer the questions. d. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. What is the function of the -ing form in sentence (d)? The -ing form is used as subject. subject Activity 2 Look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. predicative subject subject predicative Activity 2 Look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge , but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. object subject Activity 3 Summarise the use of non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative. 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 To master English gives us much help in the study of science. 在学习科学时, 掌握英语给予我们很多帮助。 Learning without practice is no good. 只学习不实践是没有好处的。 一、非谓语动词作主语 2. 在有些句型中, 常用it作形式主语, 动词不定式或动词不定式短 语放在谓语动词之后, 作真正的主语。常见的句型如下: it is/was adj.+(for sb)+ to do sth it is/was adj.+of sb+to do sth it is+a(n)+名词(短语)+ to do sth It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 他不可能戒烟。 It is a pity to miss the match. 错过这场比赛真遗憾。 3. 动词-ing形式作主语时, 也常用于一些固定句型中。这些句型如下: It+be+a waste of time doing It is/was no good/use doing It is/was worth/worthwhile doing There is/was no sense in doing There is/was no use doing There is/was no point doing It is no good reading in dim light. 在昏暗的灯光下读书不好。 There is no use sitting here waiting. 坐在这等是没用的。 1. 动词不定式作宾语 (1) 在有些动词之后, 只能接动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有: decide, learn, want, expect, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, agree, ask, help, afford... I decided to ask for my money back. 我决定要回我的钱。 My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 二、非谓语动词作宾语 (2) 有时会用it做形式宾语, 将动词不定式置于句末做真正的宾语。 He feels it his duty to help the poor. 他觉得帮助穷人是他的责任。 (3) 介词but, except, besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中, 若介词前有do, 则后面的动词不定式用不带to的形式; 若介词前没有do, 则后面的动词不定式用to do结构。 The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. 敌方士兵除了投降别无选择。 On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 星期天下午我除了看电视没事做。 2. 动词-ing形式作宾语 下列动词或动词短语后只能用-ing形式作宾语: consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, admit, delay/put off, avoid, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, give up, can’t help, allow/permit... I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. 我建议去一座海边城镇过暑假。 You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 你必须戒烟, 因为抽烟对你的健康非常不好。 3. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语, 也可以用不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别: regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事/regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事/forget doing sth 忘记已做过某事 remember to do sth 记得要去做某事/remember doing sth 记得做过某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事/mean doing sth 意味着做某事 try to do sth 努力/企图去做某事/try doing sth 试着做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 三、非谓语动词作表语 动词不定式作表语表示具体的或将来的动作; 动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。 Our work is serving the people. 我们的工作是为人民服务。 Activity 4 Fill in the blanks. 1. There are several tips __________ (form) a good habit. 2. Scientists have discovered that ___________ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. 3. He feels it his duty ___________ (deal) with these tough questions.  4. I’d be the first _____________ (admit) I might be wrong.  5. The purpose of education is ______________ (develop) a fine personality in children.  to form to deal to admit to develop staying Activity 5 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1__________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries. Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. The main principle of its design is 2_____________________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature. First established in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mountain. Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. Visitors would be 3___________ (astonish) to find the garden modeled closely on natural features. Visitors are also supposed 4___________ (explore) it scene-by-scene. This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate. Drawing to recreate / recreating astonished to explore Activity 6 Read the information below. learn determine show amaze use Origin created by farmers in Ancient China based on Chinese lunar calendar determined by the changes in position of the sun Significance changes in weather mean a lot to farmers determine the best time to sow and harvest wisdom learnt from nature Activity 6 Read the information below. Cultural heritage added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016 First term Beginning of Spring days become longer and temperature increases Activity 6 Write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate. Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms, which were based on observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions, the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring”, and marks when days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming, but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity, that in 2016, they were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. 立春 雨水 惊蛰 春分 清明 谷雨 立夏 小满 芒种 夏至 小暑 大暑 立秋 处暑 白露 秋分 寒露 霜降 立冬 小雪 大雪 冬至 小寒 大寒 The 24 Solar Terms Thank you! $$