精品解析：安徽省省十联考2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

英语试题 (考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分) 注意事项： 1. 答题前，务必在答题卡和答题卷规定的地方填写自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号后两位。 2. 答题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 答题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。作图题可先用铅笔在答题卷规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 考试结束，务必将答题卡和答题卷一并上交。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the woman asking the man to do? A. Get home early. B. Speak more quietly. C. Go to sleep immediately. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Everyone’s sleeping, Francis. Please, keep your voice down. M: Sorry. I didn’t realize the little ones were sleeping. I just wanted to let you know that I’m back. W: OK. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man going to do first? A. Have a meeting with the woman. B. Pick up his son from school. C. Work on a report. 【答案】C 【解析】 原文】W: Would you please come to my office at five o’clock this afternoon? M: Can I meet you tomorrow instead? My son will be home from school at 5:30 p.m. I must finish this report before then. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the woman meet with Professor White? A. At 2:0 p.m. B. At 3:00 p.m. C. At 3:30 p.m. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: May I come to see you at 3:00 p.m. this afternoon, Professor White? M: I’m sorry, Sally, but I’m meeting my students then. The meeting will last about half an hour. Why don’t you come at 3:30 p.m.? W: OK, no problem. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. At school. B. In a hospital. C. On the field. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: How is your broken leg after the operation? M: Oh, Dr. Smith, it’s recovering well. I couldn’t walk on it two weeks ago, but yesterday I managed to get to the school and go back. The medicine you gave me really works. W: That’s not bad. It’s only a month since the accident on the field. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Strangers. B. A couple. C. Shopkeeper and customer. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Excuse me, I’m trying to find the art gallery. Is it near here, do you know? W: I’m sorry. I’m a visitor here as well. I’m just waiting for my husband to take a photo. M: OK, thanks anyway. I’ll go into one of the shops and ask. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. When did the man break his leg? A. When he was going for a walk. B. When he was painting. C. When he was driving. 7. What is the man probably doing now? A. Making a call for help. B. Seeing a doctor. C. Driving a car. 【答案】6. B 7. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hello, I’d like to see a doctor please. W: We don’t have any appointments today. Would Thursday at 7:00 a.m. be OK? M: I don’t think so. I’m pretty sure I’ve broken my leg. W: What happened, sir? M: I fell down while I was painting. I’m in a lot of pain. W: Ah, would you be able to get to the hospital right now? M: Not really. I can’t walk. W: Do you have anyone there who can drive you here? M: I don’t, sorry. I’m here on my own. W: OK, sir, take the weight off your leg and I’ll arrange for an ambulance to pick you up. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What does the woman want to do at first? A. Have a picnic. B. Visit her family. C. Go fishing. 9. Why doesn’t the woman want to play basketball? A. The basketball court is too far away. B. Doing exercise makes her tired. C. The weather is too hot. 10. Where do the speakers decide to go first? A. To a cafe. B. To a park. C. To a swimming pool. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【原文】W: What a lovely day! Let’s go for a picnic. M: Where? W: By the river. We can watch the ducks, maybe even go for a swim. M: You’re joking. We’ll get sunburned on a day like this. It would be awful. W: Lots of people go there. I saw a family fishing there yesterday. Do you have a better idea? M: Let’s have a game of basketball in the park. W: Oh no, it’s far too hot today. The best time to do exercise is later in the day, when it’s cooler. M: Maybe we could just have a walk in the park and then stop for something to eat at the cafe there. W: OK. Let’s go. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Starting university. B. Cooking a meal. C. Taking a class. 12. How does the woman feel? A. Hungry. B. Scared. C. Excited. 13. What does the man major in? A. History. B. Maths. C. Physics. 【答案】11 A 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Scary, isn’t it? W: What? You mean the food? M: No, starting university. W: Oh, I have a totally different view. It’s an excitement for me indeed. M: That’s one way of looking at it. I’m Phil, by the way. W: I’m Holly. Pleased to meet you. What do you think of the cafeteria? M: It’s nice, at least giving us a place to eat well. W: I don’t think I can afford to eat here all the time. I’ll have to start making my own food. M: Yes, me too. Now, that will be a challenge, because I haven’t really done much cooking before. W: You’ll get used to it. If you’re clever enough to come to university, I’m sure you can make it. M: I suppose so. What are you studying? W: History. I hope it will be interesting. What about you? M: I really want to learn physics. But I changed my mind at last and followed my parents’ advice, choosing maths instead. W: Oh, you must be very smart. M: Well, it’s just the way my mind works. W: Oh, time for dinner. See you later. M: OK, bye. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is the woman’s favorite website? A. Beatport. B. YouTube. C. Vimeo. 15. What does the man think of YouTube? A. It has many advertisements. B. It has little new music. C. It doesn’t have up-to-date news. 16. What does the man do on Vimeo? A. Read news. B. Listen to music. C. Watch videos. 17. How can Beatport be improved according to the man? A. By cutting down on advertisements. B. By providing full songs. C. By updating content. 【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 【解析】 【原文】M: In the Internet age nowadays, there are so many different websites we can visit. What is your favorite website and why? W: Well, although there are various choices, I’d definitely say YouTube. It has great content. I like to read news on it. It provides me with the latest news from all over the world. M: You kidding?! I cannot stand YouTube. There are advertisements all the time. It really ruins the experience for me. W: I agree with you. That is the only problem with it. Especially when an advertisement appears between what you are watching, it is annoying. However, it can recommend what you like according to your browsing history. That’s my favorite feature. What is your favorite then? M: I prefer Vimeo for videos. For music, I use Beatport a lot. It specializes in electronic music. It is updated fast. But there is one thing that I think can be improved. W: In what way? M: Well, you can’t hear a full song on the website. I’d like that to change. W: That’s a good point. Maybe you should try to contact them. M: I guess so. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Who may get the money from Japan’s government? A. Part-time workers. B. Some poor families. C. All children under age 19. 19. How often will the money be given? A. Once in their life. B. Three times a year. C. Twice a month. 20. Where did some people think the money will be according to the talk? A. In savings accounts. B. In computer stores. C. In shopping malls. 【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A 【解析】 【原文】Japanese children may soon have smiles on their faces and money in their pockets. Japan’s government is planning to give $880 to all children under the age of 19. Around 20 million children, from newborns to 18-year-olds, will receive the one-time payment. The new plan is part of an election promise from Japan’s newly-elected Prime Minister. He promised to help “people in need”, such as part-time workers and families with small children. Officials say the money will be given without considering the financial situation of a child’s family. All children in any one family will receive the money. The plan is expected to cost around $17.6 billion. However, many people have doubts about spending so much money when Japan has so much debt. The country’s debt is currently more than twice the size of its economy. Also, some people said most of those who received it would not go out to buy high-cost items, eat in restaurants or take holidays in Japan. It is predicted that much of the money will end up in savings accounts. However, Yuki Ono, a mother of three, welcomed the plan. She said her children would be able to buy new computers. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Best Writing Contests for High School Students Scholastic Art and Writing Awards ●Award Amount: $1,000 to $12,500 scholarships ●Deadline: Varies between December and January, depending on your region ●Fee: $10 for single entry, $30 for portfolio (作品选辑) The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards celebrate art by students in grades seven through twelve (age 13 or older) on a regional and national scale. Categories include science-fiction and fantasy writing, humor, critical essays, and dramatic scripts. Ocean Awareness Contest ●Award Amount: Scholarships up to $1,500 ●Deadline: June 13, 2023 ●Fee: None The Ocean Awareness Contest asks students to consider the future of a coastal or marine species that is under threat from climate change. Submissions are accepted in a variety of art forms. The contest is open to all international and US students between the ages of 11 and 18. River of Words ●Award: Publication in the River of Words anthology ●Deadline: January 31, 2023 ●Fee: None The River of Words contest asks students to consider watersheds -an area that drains into the same body of water-and how they connect with their local community. Students can explore this concept in art or poetry. The contest is open to International and US students from kindergarten to grade 12 (ages 5 through 19). YoungArts Competition ●Award Amount: Up to $10,000 cash awards ●Deadline: October 15, 2023 ●Fee: $35 Open to students in a variety of disciplines, including visual arts, writing, and music, the YoungArts competition asks students to submit a portfolio of work. Applicants must be 15- to 18-year-old US citizens or permanent residents, or in grades 10 through 12 at the time of submission. 21. What can we know about the Scholastic Art and Writing Awards? A. The deadline is not fixed. B. Entries can take any form. C. It has the lowest cash awards. D. It is open to students worldwide. 22. What do Ocean Awareness Contest and River of Words have in common? A. They have the same closing date. B. Winners can get their works issued. C. Students don’t have to pay an entry fee. D. The age limit for applicants is the same. 23. Who can participate in the YoungArts Competition? A. Nancy, a college graduate majoring in literature. B. Kevin, a 12-year-old English boy studying music. C. Adam, a high school freshman who excels at sports. D. Mary, a 16-year-old American girl who loves writing. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了四个适合高中生参加的写作比赛。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Scholastic Art and Writing Awards部分中“Deadline: Varies between December and January, depending on your region(截止日期：根据你所在的地区，从12月到1月不等)”可知，这个比赛参赛作品的提交截止日期依地区而定，不是固定的。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二个和第三个比赛部分中“Fee: None(费用：免费)”可知，这两个比赛的共同之处在于参赛的学生都不用交报名费。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据YoungArts Competition部分中“Applicants must be 15- to 18-year-old US citizens or permanent residents, or in grades 10 through 12 at the time of submission.(申请人必须是15至18岁的美国公民或永久居民，或在提交时在10至12年级)”可知，16岁喜欢写作的美国女孩Mary符合该要求。故选D项。 B Bruce, a kea (啄羊鹦鹉), misses his upper beak (鸟喙), giving the olive green parrot a look of surprise. But scientists are the astonished ones. The typical kea has a long, sharp beak, perfect for digging insects out of rotten logs or ripping roots from the ground in New Zealand’s forests. Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak since at least 2012 when he was rescued and sent to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch. The defect prevents Bruce from searching for food on his own. Keeping his feathers clean also becomes an impossible task. In 2021, when comparative psychologist Amalia Bastos arrived at the reserve with colleagues to study keas, the zookeepers reported something odd: Bruce had seemingly figured out how to use small stones to preen (用喙整理羽毛). “We were like, ‘Well, that’s weird,’” says Bastos. Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking videos if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned out that Bruce had indeed invented his own way to preen, the researchers reported in Scientific Reports. First, Bruce selects the proper tool, rolling pebbles (鹅卵石) around in his mouth with his tongue and spitting out candidates until he finds one he likes, usually something pointy. Next, he holds the pebble between his tongue and lower beak. Then, he picks through his feathers. “It’s crazy because the behavior was not there from the wild,” Bastos says. Bruce was too young to have learned how to preen when he arrived at Willowbank. No other bird in the reserve uses pebbles in this way. “It seems like he just innovated this tool use for himself. It demonstrates a really flexible intelligence because it means he’s been able to create his own solution to a problem unique to him,” Bastos says. 24. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Bruce was born in a reserve. B. Bruce has a physical disability. C. Keas are an endangered species. D. New Zealand is the only habitat of keas. 25. What did the researchers initially think of Bruce’s behavior? A. It was normal. B. It was dangerous. C. It was very strange. D. It was totally unacceptable. 26. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. What led to Bruce’s special behavior. B. How Bruce uses tools to preen himself. C. Why Bruce needs to keep feathers clean. D. How zookeepers rescued Bruce from danger. 27. Which of the following can best describe Bruce according to Bastos? A. A creative player. B. An innovative partner. C. A smart problem-solver. D. An ambitious self-starter. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一只名为Bruce的啄羊鹦鹉，它失去了上喙，无法自行觅食和清理羽毛。然而，Bruce展现出惊人的智慧，学会了使用小石头来整理自己的羽毛。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bruce, a kea (啄羊鹦鹉), misses his upper beak (鸟喙)”（Bruce是一只啄羊鹦鹉，它失去了上喙）和第二段中“Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak since at least 2012 when he was rescued and sent to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch.”（自2012年被救并送往克赖斯特彻奇市的Willowbank野生动物保护区以来，Bruce的上喙就一直缺失。）可知，Bruce没有上喙，身体有缺陷。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中““We were like, ‘Well, that’s weird,’” says Bastos.（Bastos说，“我们想，‘嗯，这很奇怪。’”）可知，Bastos和其他研究人员最初认为Bruce的行为很奇怪。故选C项。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“First, Bruce selects the proper tool, rolling pebbles (鹅卵石) around in his mouth with his tongue and spitting out candidates until he finds one he likes, usually something pointy. Next, he holds the pebble between his tongue and lower beak. Then, he picks through his feathers.”（首先，Bruce选择合适的工具，用舌头把鹅卵石在嘴里滚来滚去，然后吐出来，直到找到他喜欢的，通常是尖的东西。接下来，他把鹅卵石夹在舌头和下喙之间。然后，他梳理他的羽毛。）可知，本段主要描述了Bruce如何使用工具来整理自己的羽毛。故选B项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bastos的话“It seems like he just innovated this tool use for himself. It demonstrates a really flexible intelligence because it means he’s been able to create his own solution to a problem unique to him,”（看起来他只是为自己发明了这种工具。这显示了一种非常灵活的智慧，因为这意味着他已经能够为自己独有的问题创造出自己的解决方案）可推知，Bastos认为Bruce是一个聪明的问题解决者。故选C项。 C Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain. Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物). But to test which kind of music was most effective for reducing pain, 63 participants received moderately painful heat stimuli to the inner forearm, resulting in a sensation similar to a hot teacup being held against the skin. The pain was paired with short pieces of music, each lasting around seven minutes. Listening to their favorite music strongly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in participants, compared to control tracks or silence. Unfamiliar relaxing tracks did not have the same effect. The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet. They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music. “We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills,” said Valevicius. While they don’t define “musical chills” in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills. In some people, the researchers say, chills can appear as a tingling sensation, shivers, or goosebumps. 28. What is the common view about music? A. It has a pain-decreasing effect. B. It can enhance brain development. C. It is a universal language of mankind. D. It may reduce feelings of pressure and depression. 29. What does the underlined word “modulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Ruin. B. Improve. C. Judge. D. Adjust. 30. What can be learned about musical chills? A. They will be further studied by researchers. B. They have been defined in previous studies. C. They may be related to dopamine in the brain. D. They contribute little to the enjoyment of music. 31. What’s the text mainly about? A. Listening to music can make us more focused. B. Music is a powerful tool for boosting our mood. C. Emotional pain has an impact on our physical health. D. Our favorite bittersweet music may help relieve pain. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物).(人们早就知道音乐有镇痛作用，这意味着它会降低对疼痛刺激敏感性)”可知，人们认为音乐具有减轻疼痛的效果。故选A项。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。划线词上文“The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet.(然后，研究人员就他们最喜欢的歌曲采访了参与者，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析：激励/激活、快乐/愉快、平静/放松、感动/苦乐参半)”介绍研究人员对参与者进行了关于他们最喜欢的歌曲的采访，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析。结合下文“We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills(我们发现，感人或苦乐参半的情感体验报告似乎会导致较低的痛苦和不愉快评级，这是由更强烈的音乐享受和更多的音乐寒战所驱动的)”可知，“They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music.(他们想看看情感主题是否能modulate喜爱音乐的镇痛效果。)”指的是：研究人员想知道情感主题是否能“调节”参与者最喜爱的音乐所带来的镇痛效果，modulate意为“调节”，与Adjust意思相近。故选D项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“While they don’t define ‘musical chills’ in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills.(虽然他们没有在论文中定义‘音乐寒战’，但研究人员指出，之前的神经学研究表明，大脑中的多巴胺途径可能是音乐享受和音乐引起的寒战的基础)”可知，音乐寒战可能与大脑中的多巴胺有关。故选C项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain.(蒙特利尔大学的研究人员发现，我们最喜欢的音乐，尤其是听苦乐参半的音乐所带来的情感，可能是一种有效的、无毒的方式来降低我们对疼痛的感知)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。故选D项。 D In the Roman times and throughout the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable commodity (商品), and also served as “white gold”. Soldiers in the Roman army were sometimes paid with salt instead of money. Their monthly allowance was called “salarium” (“sal” being the Latin word for salt). This Latin root can be recognized in the French word “salaire” and it eventually made it into English as the word “salary”. Language is something we take for granted. However, as the example with the word “salary” shows, languages are not static. Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too. Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) who study the evolution of languages often use tools that are similar to those used by evolutionary biologists. One such tool is the reconstruction of a species tree. Such a tree shows the evolutionary history and relationships within a given group of biological species. Using a reconstructed species tree, evolutionary biologists can often infer specific characteristics of ancestral species. Or they can match up common ancestors in the tree with actual fossils that have been found by paleontologists (古生物学家). This allows them to put real dates at various branching points in the tree. Thus, species tree reconstruction is an essential tool in studying biological evolution. A similar technique can be used to study language evolution because languages also evolve and consist of words that can be easily compared. Indeed, linguists have reconstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics of ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) from them. Of course, there also are some differences between species evolution and language evolution, each requiring unique additional methods to study them in detail. But, overall, it is fascinating to see how the basic ideas and research tools of language evolution are similar to those of biological evolution. 32. Why does the author mention the word “salary” in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate the evolution of language. B. To present the effect of Latin on languages. C. To stress the value of salt in ancient times. D. To show developments in linguistic theory. 33. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Cultural diversity and biodiversity are linked. B. Species and languages have a lot in common. C. Human-caused mass extinction is accelerating. D. Languages influence and learn from each other. 34. What can we know about the reconstructed species tree? A. It is currently in the design stage. B. It facilitates the research of linguists. C. It can be used in a variety of ways. D. It is the first choice for biologists. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Language System Evolved Over Time B. The Twin Extinctions of Species and Languages C. Salt Played a Crucial Role in Early Human History D. From Salt to Salary: Linguists Take a Page from Biology 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了语言进化与生物进化有众多相似之处，语言学家从研究自然物种演变的“物种树”中获取灵感，创建了“语言树”。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。第一段介绍了英语中的“salary”一词的由来。下文介绍了语言进化同物种进化之间的相似性，这种相似性启发语言学家创建类似于物种树的语言树，帮助推进语言研究。由此可推断，作者在第一段提及“salary”是为了说明语言在不断演变。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too.(就像生物物种一样，语言随着时间的推移而改变，有时会发展出几种后代语言。例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语就是从拉丁语演变而来的语言之一。而且和物种一样，语言也可能灭绝)”可知，就像生物物种一样，语言会随着时间的推移而变化，有时会“物种化”，产生几种后代语言。就像物种一样，语言也会灭绝。由此可推断，物种和语言有很多相似之处。故选B项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段内容可知，语言进化与生物进化有很多相似之处，因此，一些语言学家经常使用与进化生物学家使用的工具相似的工具。物种树是帮助进化生物学家研究生物进化的重要工具，同时也为语言学家提供了灵感，促进了语言学家的研究。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。作者在第一段以英语中的“salary”一词的例子说明了语言也在进化，进而在下文介绍物种和语言有很多相似之处，物种树启示语言学家创建语言树来推动语言的研究。D项能概括本文大意。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As you prepare to enter the workforce, here are four tips that may help set yourself up for authentic career confidence. Figure out which balls are plastic and which are glass. ____36____ And early on, you may feel as if everything is at the top of your to-do list. There are only so many hours in the day, and there will inevitably be times when you can’t accomplish everything. So, if you’re going to drop the ball on something, be strategic. Choose to drop balls that will bounce and not break. Prepare properly. Too little preparation and you will have to wing it (临时应付). ____37____ Conserve your time and energy and struggle to find what feels just right for you. Maximize your efficiency in preparing for a particular task. ____38____ Celebrating aspects of our careers is not, and should not be, limited to a big win. Otherwise, most of us would rarely celebrate anything, and our professional existence would be dull. Celebrating isn’t just about blowing your own horn. ____39____ In this way, celebration can enable greater confidence. Darken the spotlight. Keep in mind that no one is scrutinizing (审视) you the way that you’re scrutinizing yourself. Due to the spotlight effect, we have a tendency to overestimate the degree to which others care about our successes or failures. ____40____ After all, you have a 100% track record of surviving professional challenges, even if they didn’t quite go as you hoped. A. Celebrate good times and come on. B. Celebrate your big wins. C. Any career is full of tasks and responsibilities D. Building real confidence is vital for career success. E. So don’t care how you will be viewed. F. It’s also about acknowledging and appreciating your efforts. G. Too much preparation and you will have wasted precious time. 【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. F 40. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为准备进入职场的人提供了四条建议，帮助他们建立真正的职业自信。 【36题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Figure out which balls are plastic and which are glass. (找出哪些是塑料球，哪些是玻璃球。)”可知，本段建议“找出哪些是塑料球，哪些是玻璃球”，也就是要找出重点，分清孰轻孰重。根据设空处下一句中的“And early on, you may feel as if everything is at the top of your to-do list.(一开始，你可能会觉得好像每件事都在你的待办事项列表的顶部。)”可知，设空处的内容应是对职场工作内容的概括。C项“Any career is full of tasks and responsibilities(任何职业都需要完成各项任务和职责)”符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Prepare properly. (适当准备)”可知，本段建议“适当准备”。设空处上一句“Too little preparation and you will have to wing it (临时应付). (准备得太少，你就只能临场发挥了。)”可知，此处强调准备太少，你将不得不临时抱佛脚，结合选项可知，G项“Too much preparation and you will have wasted precious time.(准备太多，你会浪费宝贵的时间)”符合语境。G项中的Too much preparation与上一句中的Too little preparation形成对比，precious time与下一句中的your time呼应。故选G。 【38题详解】 设空处是本段的主题句，根据本段后面的内容“Celebrating aspects of our careers is not, and should not be, limited to a big win. Otherwise, most of us would rarely celebrate anything, and our professional existence would be dull. (庆祝我们职业生涯的方方面面不是，也不应该局限于一场大胜。否则，我们中的大多数人将很少庆祝任何事情，我们的职业生涯将是乏味的。)”可知，本段主要建议我们要庆祝职业生涯的方方面面，而不是只限于庆祝巨大的胜利。A项“Celebrate good times and come on.(庆祝好时光，加油)”符合语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据设空处上一句“ Celebrating isn’t just about blowing your own horn. (庆祝不仅仅是自吹自擂。)”可知，此处强调庆祝不只是吹嘘你的胜利。F项“It’s also about acknowledging and appreciating your efforts.(它也是认可和赞赏你的努力)”中的It指代上一句中的celebrating，also about与上一句中的not just about呼应。故选F。 【40题详解】 根据本段主题句“Darken the spotlight. (使聚光灯变暗。)”以及根据前文“Due to the spotlight effect, we have a tendency to overestimate the degree to which others care about our successes or failures.( 由于聚光灯效应，我们倾向于高估别人对我们成功或失败的关心程度。)”可知，由于聚光灯效应，我们倾向于高估别人对我们成功或失败的关心程度，但是我们要使聚光灯变暗即不要高估别人对我们的成功或失败的关心程度。E项“So don’t care how you will be viewed.(不要在意别人怎么看你)”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Inspired by the book Tarzan and the Apes, Jane Goodall decided that she wanted to go to Africa to study animals. People thought those ____41____ were just for boys. But Jane’s mother ____42____ her daughter. Once in Africa, Jane met the famous scientists Louis and Mary Leakey. Louis was ____43____ by Jane and hired her to work as his secretary. After a few years, he ____44____ Jane to the Gombe Preserve to study chimpanzees. But it wasn’t as simple as packing her bags and ____45____ into the forest. The managers of the preserve thought that Jane, as one of the first women in primatology (灵长类动物学), wouldn’t be ____46____ working in the wilderness. There were ____47____ animals to worry about. Instead of being afraid when she went into the forest for the first time, Jane has said that she felt like she was “coming home” to a place where she ____48____. At this point she still hadn’t gone to ____49____, so she didn’t know how ____50____ normally did things. But Jane’s methods ____51____ to work very well! She gave ____52____ to the animals she observed, like Greybeard, Goliath, and Flo, instead of numbers. She got to know each animal as an ____53____ and saw that each chimp had a unique personality, a lot like humans. She also saw them making ____54____, which was hard for other scientists at the time to believe. After Jane had spent a few years ____55____ chimpanzees, she attended Cambridge University to earn a doctoral degree. Just as she decided she would when she was 10 years old, she finally wrote several books on her experiences with the apes. 41. A. experiences B. adventures C. programs D. projects 42. A. supported B. protected C. questioned D. refused 43. A. motivated B. replaced C. impressed D. accompanied 44. A. forced B. persuaded C. instructed D. sent 45. A. heading B. falling C. integrating D. breaking 46. A. available B. helpful C. safe D. selected 47. A. endangered B. rare C. wild D. dangerous 48. A. belonged B. remained C. recalled D. served 49. A. ground B. court C. college D. prison 50. A. parents B. researchers C. women D. officials 51. A. won out B. sprang up C. went on D. turned out 52. A. names B. gestures C. orders D. pictures 53. A. alternative B. individual C. adult D. assistant 54. A. sounds B. mistakes C. tools D. plans 55. A. sorting B. training C. treating D. observing 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了灵长类动物学家Jane Goodall的经历，她研究野生动物黑猩猩，并取得了重大成就。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为只有男孩才会去冒险。A. experiences经历；B. adventures冒险；C. programs程序，节目；D. projects项目，工程。结合上文提到的“go to Africa to study animals”可知，这是冒险活动，故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Jane的母亲支持她的女儿。A. supported支持；B. protected保护；C. questioned询问；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“for boys”以及转折词“But”可知，人们认为冒险是属于男孩的，但是Jane的母亲支持她的女儿，故选A。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Louis对Jane印象深刻，雇她做他的秘书。A. motivated激励；B. replaced替代；C. impressed给……留下深刻印象；D. accompanied陪伴。根据“hired her to work as his secretary”可知，Louis对Jane印象深刻，故选C。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，他把Jane送到贡贝保护区去研究黑猩猩。A. forced强迫；B. persuaded说服；C. instructed指导；D. sent派遣，安排去。根据语境及“Jane to the Gombe Preserve to study chimpanzees”可知，Jane是Louis的秘书，故此处指他派遣Jane去研究黑猩猩，故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并不像收拾好行李进入森林那么简单。A. heading朝（某方向）行进；B. falling降落；C. integrating整合；D. breaking打破。根据下文“went into the forest”可知，此处指进入森林，故选A。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护区的管理人员认为，Jane作为灵长类动物学的首批女性之一，在野外工作是不安全的。A. available可到达的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. safe安全的；D. selected挑选出来的。根据下文“There were ____7____ animals to worry about.”可知，保护区的管理人员认为，Jane在野外工作是不安全的，故选C。 【47题详解】  考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有危险的动物要担心。A. endangered濒危的；B. rare罕见的；C. wild野生的；D. dangerous危险的。根据“to worry about.”可知，有危险动物要担心，故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Jane第一次进入森林时，她没有感到害怕，而是说她觉得自己“回到了家”，回到了一个属于她的地方。A. belonged属于；B. remained停留；C. recalled回忆；D. served服务。根据“she was “coming home””可知，她觉得自己“回到了家”，回到了一个属于她的地方，故选A。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，她还没有上过大学，所以她不知道研究人员通常是如何做事的。A. ground地面；B. court法院；C. college大学；D. prison监狱。下文“After Jane had spent a few years ____15____ chimpanzees, she attended Cambridge University to earn a doctoral degree.”提到Jane工作了几年后去上大学，故此处指她没上过大学，故选C。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. parents父母；B. researchers研究人员；C. women女性；D. officials官员。根据上文“he ____4____ Jane to the Gombe Preserve to study chimpanzees.”可知，Jane去研究黑猩猩，她不知道别的研究人员是如何工作的，故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是Jane的方法非常有效！A. won out获胜；B. sprang up突然出现；C. went on继续；D. turned out证明是，结果是。空后“to work very well”是结果，故此处指Jane的方法结果非常有效，故选D。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给观察到的动物取了名字，比如Greybeard，Goliath和 Flo，而不是数字。A. names名字；B. gestures手势；C. orders命令；D. pictures图片。根据“like Greybeard, Goliath, and Flo”可知，她给黑猩猩取名字，故选A。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把每只黑猩猩作为个体来了解，发现每只黑猩猩都有独特的个性，很像人类。A. alternative可供选择的事物；B. individual个体；C. adult成年人；D. assistant助手。根据“saw that each chimp had a unique personality”可知，她发现每只黑猩猩都有独特的个性，故她每只黑猩猩作为个体来了解，故选B。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还看到他们制作工具，这对当时的其他科学家来说很难相信。A. sounds声音；B. mistakes错误；C. tools工具；D. plans计划。结合语境及“which was hard for other scientists at the time to believe”可知，黑猩猩会制作工具，这对当时的其他科学家来说很难相信，故选C。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Jane花了几年时间观察黑猩猩之后，她进入剑桥大学攻读博士学位。A. sorting分类；B. training训练；C. treating对待；D. observing观察。根据上文“She gave ____12____ to the animals she observed”可知，她观察黑猩猩，故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the very definition of classical beauty in China, West Lake is very ____56____ (attract): hills rise over willow-lined waters as boats drift slowly and leisurely. Walkways, parks, gardens and perfectly ____57____ (position) benches around the banks of the lake offer a thousand and one vantage points (有利位置) for visitors ____58____ (admire) the beautiful scenery. The lake, ____59____ had been a lagoon near the Qiantang River, came into ____60____ (exist) in the 8th century. At that time, the governor of Hangzhou had the marshy areas dredged (挖掘). Later, gardens ____61____ (build), and causeways and islands were constructed from dredged silt (淤泥). The famous poet Su Dongpo had a hand in the lake’s development, ____62____ (construct) the Su Causeway during his time as the local governor in the 1lth century. It wasn’t an original idea-some 200 years ____63____ (early), the poet-governor Bai Juyi had already constructed a causeway which was later referred to ____64____ the Bai Causeway in his honour. Lined by willow, plum and peach trees, today ____65____ traffic-free causeways with their half-moon bridges make for restful outings. 【答案】56. attractive 57. positioned 58. to admire 59. which 60. existence 61. were built 62. constructing 63. earlier 64. as 65. the 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了西湖历史以及苏堤和白堤两处景点。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为中国古典美的定义，西湖非常吸引人：柳荫密布的水面上耸立着山丘，船只悠闲地缓缓漂流。空处应填形容词作表语，故填attractive。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：湖岸周围的人行道、公园、花园和位置完美的长椅为游客提供了一千零一个欣赏美景的有利位置。动词position和benches之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填positioned。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to admire。 【59题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这个湖是钱塘江附近的一个内湖，始建于8世纪。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是lake，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。此处应填名词existence作into的宾语，come into existence“出现，开始存在”，故填existence。 【61题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来，人们建造了花园，用疏浚的淤泥建造了堤道和岛屿。主语gardens和动词build之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were built。 【62题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：著名诗人苏东坡参与了西湖的开发，在11世纪担任地方官期间修建了苏堤。construct和逻辑主语The famous poet Su Dongpo之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填constructing。 【63题详解】 考查比较级。句意：这并不是一个原创的想法——大约200年前，诗人兼刺史白居易已经建造了一条堤道，后来被称为白堤。表示“200年前”使用200 years earlier，故填earlier。 【64题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。refer to…as“将……称作”，填介词as，故填as。 【65题详解】 考查冠词。句意：如今，柳树、梅树、桃树林立，无车辆通行的堤道和半月形的桥，让你可以悠闲地出游。上文提到苏堤和白堤，故此处causeways表示特指，前面使用定冠词修饰，故填the。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 为了创建和谐校园，增进同学间的友谊，你校在上周末邀请专家进行了主题为“如何解决人际交往矛盾，促进同学和谐相处”的讲座。假定你是校英文报记者李华，请你就此讲座写一篇英文报道，内容包括： 1. 讲座内容; 2. 讲座反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Constructive Speech ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Constructive Speech Last weekend, our school invited an expert to deliver a lecture on how to resolve interpersonal conflicts and promote harmony among students. The expert started the lecture by discussing the common sources of conflicts among students. He then offered various strategies to handle conflicts, including effective communication, active listening, empathy, and mutual respect, while emphasizing the importance of understanding different perspectives and finding common ground. The lecture received enthusiastic feedback from students. Many appreciated the practical advice and said they felt more confident about managing their relationships. The event paved the way for a more harmonious school environment. 【解析】 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。为了创建和谐校园，增进同学间的友谊，你校在上周末邀请专家进行了主题为“如何解决人际交往矛盾，促进同学和谐相处”的讲座，要求考生就此讲座写一篇英文报道。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 促进：promote→improve 提供：offer→provide 包括：include→contain 重要性：importance→significance 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The lecture received enthusiastic feedback from students. 拓展句：The lecture, which was filled with practical tips and insightful advice, received enthusiastic feedback from students. 【点睛】[高分句型1]He then offered various strategies to handle conflicts, including effective communication, active listening, empathy, and mutual respect, while emphasizing the importance of understanding different perspectives and finding common ground.(现在分词作伴随状语) [高分句型2]Many appreciated the practical advice and said they felt more confident about managing their relationships.(省略that的宾语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Helen! Are you coming?” a voice called from downstairs. “Yes,” Helen replied, quickly putting on her slightly tight dress. “Where are we going, Dad?” she asked, surprised by this rare opportunity to spend time with her father. He had been working tirelessly to support the family. “We’re off to collect the rent,” he responded. “Oh,” she understood. The rent was their lifeline during the Great Depression (经济大萧条), and going without it was unthinkable. Their first stop was at the home of Mrs. Miller, who quickly handed them the rent in dollar bills. But the second tenant (租客) Mr. Schmidt was still searching his home for coins when they arrived. Apologizing, he gave them a bag full of coins. The third tenants, the Katzes, worried Helen and her father. Their financial struggles had worsened, even though Helen’s father had reduced their rent. He said it was important to be especially considerate to this family because Mr. Katz had served in the army and deserved their gratitude. Mrs. Katz greeted them at the door, her eyes red from crying. Despite their financial difficulties, the inside of the apartment was always immaculately clean (一尘不染). Mr. Katz and the two children were sitting at the table, waiting for them. The family all had such gaunt (枯瘦的) faces. Helen was embarrassed, suddenly, by her own good health. It felt like a mark of her guilt when she saw the little girl’s narrow, sad face and the boy’s large eyes. Mr. Katz gave Helen’s father the money he was holding, and her father thanked him. Just as they were about to leave, Mrs. Katz’s trembling voice stopped them. She said, “Mr. Resnick, we haven’t eaten in two days.” Helen couldn’t imagine such a thing. Her stomach ached just to think of it. They returned to the table, and Helen’s father silently placed the Katzes’ rent money back on it and counted out two dollars in coins. “Helen,” he said, “I want you to go to the grocer’s with this money, buy food, and bring it back here.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Helen nodded, took the money, and rushed off to the grocer’s. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone’s eyes turned to Helen as she entered Mr. Katz’s house. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Helen nodded, took the money, and rushed off to the grocer’s. The cold air nipped at her cheeks as she made her way. Reflecting on the contrast between her family’s situation and that of Mr. Katz, she acknowledged her modest privilege, even though her family was far from rich, and resolved to do something meaningful. At the store, Helen carefully chose food that was both filling and nutritious. With her arms heavy with bags, she raced back, hoping to bring the family some comfort in these hard times. Everyone’s eyes turned to Helen as she entered Mr. Katz’s house. The children’s faces lit up at the sight of the food, and even Mrs. Katz’s weary expression softened into a hopeful smile as Helen unpacked the groceries. Mr. Katz murmured his thanks, his voice thick with emotion. On the way home, her father said softly to Helen, “Sometimes, sharing what we have is the truest form of wealth.” She nodded, realizing the power of compassion: it not only brought warmth to the givers, but lightened the burdens of others, even if just for a little while. 【解析】 【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，通过Helen的视角，叙述了她和父亲去收租金，以及对Katz一家的同情和帮助的故事。 【详解】段落续写： 由第一段首句内容“Helen 点了点头，拿着钱，匆匆向杂货店跑去。”可知，第一段可描写Helen 在去杂货店的路上的心理活动以及购买食物的过程。 由第二段首句内容“当Helen 进入Katz 先生的房子时，所有人的目光都转向了她。”可知，第二段可描写Helen 将食物带给Katz 家庭的情景，以及这一行为对家庭成员的影响。 续写线索： 前往杂货店——思考家庭状况对比——选择食物——返回Katz家——家庭成员反应——父亲的教诲 词汇激活 行为类： 拿着：take/catch hold of 前往：head for/run to 选择：select/choose/pick out 情绪类： 感到羞愧：feel ashamed/feel dishonored 给人希望的：hopeful/anticipatory 【点睛】[高分句型1] The cold air nipped at her cheeks as she made her way.（使用了as引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2] Reflecting on the contrast between her family’s situation and that of Mr. Katz, she acknowledged her modest privilege, even though her family was far from rich, and resolved to do something meaningful.（使用了现在分词短语作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 英语试题 (考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分) 注意事项： 1. 答题前，务必在答题卡和答题卷规定的地方填写自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号后两位。 2. 答题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 答题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。作图题可先用铅笔在答题卷规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 考试结束，务必将答题卡和答题卷一并上交。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the woman asking the man to do? A Get home early. B. Speak more quietly. C. Go to sleep immediately. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man going to do first? A. Have a meeting with the woman. B. Pick up his son from school. C. Work on a report. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the woman meet with Professor White? A. At 2:0 p.m. B. At 3:00 p.m. C. At 3:30 p.m. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. At school. B. In a hospital. C. On the field. 5. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Strangers. B. A couple. C. Shopkeeper and customer. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. When did the man break his leg? A. When he was going for a walk. B. When he was painting. C. When he was driving. 7. What is the man probably doing now? A. Making a call for help. B. Seeing a doctor. C. Driving a car. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What does the woman want to do at first? A. Have a picnic. B. Visit her family. C. Go fishing. 9. Why doesn’t the woman want to play basketball? A. The basketball court is too far away. B. Doing exercise makes her tired. C. The weather is too hot. 10. Where do the speakers decide to go first? A. To a cafe. B. To a park. C. To a swimming pool. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Starting university. B. Cooking a meal. C. Taking a class. 12. How does the woman feel? A. Hungry. B. Scared. C. Excited. 13. What does the man major in? A History. B. Maths. C. Physics. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is the woman’s favorite website? A. Beatport. B. YouTube. C. Vimeo. 15. What does the man think of YouTube? A. It has many advertisements. B. It has little new music. C. It doesn’t have up-to-date news. 16. What does the man do on Vimeo? A. Read news. B. Listen to music. C. Watch videos. 17. How can Beatport be improved according to the man? A. By cutting down on advertisements. B. By providing full songs. C. By updating content. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Who may get the money from Japan’s government? A. Part-time workers. B. Some poor families. C. All children under age 19. 19. How often will the money be given? A. Once in their life. B. Three times a year. C. Twice a month. 20. Where did some people think the money will be according to the talk? A. In savings accounts. B. In computer stores. C. In shopping malls. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Best Writing Contests for High School Students Scholastic Art and Writing Awards ●Award Amount: $1,000 to $12,500 scholarships ●Deadline: Varies between December and January, depending on your region ●Fee: $10 for single entry, $30 for portfolio (作品选辑) The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards celebrate art by students in grades seven through twelve (age 13 or older) on a regional and national scale. Categories include science-fiction and fantasy writing, humor, critical essays, and dramatic scripts. Ocean Awareness Contest ●Award Amount: Scholarships up to $1,500 ●Deadline: June 13, 2023 ●Fee: None The Ocean Awareness Contest asks students to consider the future of a coastal or marine species that is under threat from climate change. Submissions are accepted in a variety of art forms. The contest is open to all international and US students between the ages of 11 and 18. River of Words ●Award: Publication in the River of Words anthology ●Deadline: January 31, 2023 ●Fee: None The River of Words contest asks students to consider watersheds -an area that drains into the same body of water-and how they connect with their local community. Students can explore this concept in art or poetry. The contest is open to International and US students from kindergarten to grade 12 (ages 5 through 19). YoungArts Competition ●Award Amount: Up to $10,000 cash awards ●Deadline: October 15, 2023 ●Fee: $35 Open to students in a variety of disciplines, including visual arts, writing, and music, the YoungArts competition asks students to submit a portfolio of work. Applicants must be 15- to 18-year-old US citizens or permanent residents, or in grades 10 through 12 at the time of submission. 21. What can we know about the Scholastic Art and Writing Awards? A. The deadline is not fixed. B. Entries can take any form. C. It has the lowest cash awards. D. It is open to students worldwide. 22. What do Ocean Awareness Contest and River of Words have in common? A. They have the same closing date. B. Winners can get their works issued. C. Students don’t have to pay an entry fee. D. The age limit for applicants is the same. 23. Who can participate in the YoungArts Competition? A. Nancy, a college graduate majoring in literature. B. Kevin, a 12-year-old English boy studying music. C. Adam, a high school freshman who excels at sports. D. Mary, a 16-year-old American girl who loves writing. B Bruce, a kea (啄羊鹦鹉), misses his upper beak (鸟喙), giving the olive green parrot a look of surprise. But scientists are the astonished ones. The typical kea has a long, sharp beak, perfect for digging insects out of rotten logs or ripping roots from the ground in New Zealand’s forests. Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak since at least 2012 when he was rescued and sent to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch. The defect prevents Bruce from searching for food on his own. Keeping his feathers clean also becomes an impossible task. In 2021, when comparative psychologist Amalia Bastos arrived at the reserve with colleagues to study keas, the zookeepers reported something odd: Bruce had seemingly figured out how to use small stones to preen (用喙整理羽毛). “We were like, ‘Well, that’s weird,’” says Bastos. Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking videos if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned out that Bruce had indeed invented his own way to preen, the researchers reported in Scientific Reports. First, Bruce selects the proper tool, rolling pebbles (鹅卵石) around in his mouth with his tongue and spitting out candidates until he finds one he likes, usually something pointy. Next, he holds the pebble between his tongue and lower beak. Then, he picks through his feathers. “It’s crazy because the behavior was not there from the wild,” Bastos says. Bruce was too young to have learned how to preen when he arrived at Willowbank. No other bird in the reserve uses pebbles in this way. “It seems like he just innovated this tool use for himself. It demonstrates a really flexible intelligence because it means he’s been able to create his own solution to a problem unique to him,” Bastos says. 24. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Bruce was born in a reserve. B. Bruce has a physical disability. C. Keas are an endangered species. D. New Zealand is the only habitat of keas. 25. What did the researchers initially think of Bruce’s behavior? A. It was normal. B. It was dangerous. C. It was very strange. D. It was totally unacceptable. 26. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. What led to Bruce’s special behavior. B. How Bruce uses tools to preen himself. C. Why Bruce needs to keep feathers clean. D. How zookeepers rescued Bruce from danger. 27. Which of the following can best describe Bruce according to Bastos? A. A creative player. B. An innovative partner. C. A smart problem-solver. D. An ambitious self-starter. C Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain. Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物). But to test which kind of music was most effective for reducing pain, 63 participants received moderately painful heat stimuli to the inner forearm, resulting in a sensation similar to a hot teacup being held against the skin. The pain was paired with short pieces of music, each lasting around seven minutes. Listening to their favorite music strongly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in participants, compared to control tracks or silence. Unfamiliar relaxing tracks did not have the same effect. The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet. They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music. “We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills,” said Valevicius. While they don’t define “musical chills” in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills. In some people, the researchers say, chills can appear as a tingling sensation, shivers, or goosebumps. 28. What is the common view about music? A. It has a pain-decreasing effect. B. It can enhance brain development. C. It is a universal language of mankind. D. It may reduce feelings of pressure and depression. 29. What does the underlined word “modulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Ruin. B. Improve. C. Judge. D. Adjust. 30. What can be learned about musical chills? A. They will be further studied by researchers. B. They have been defined in previous studies. C. They may be related to dopamine in the brain. D. They contribute little to the enjoyment of music. 31. What’s the text mainly about? A. Listening to music can make us more focused. B. Music is a powerful tool for boosting our mood. C. Emotional pain has an impact on our physical health. D. Our favorite bittersweet music may help relieve pain. D In the Roman times and throughout the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable commodity (商品), and also served as “white gold”. Soldiers in the Roman army were sometimes paid with salt instead of money. Their monthly allowance was called “salarium” (“sal” being the Latin word for salt). This Latin root can be recognized in the French word “salaire” and it eventually made it into English as the word “salary”. Language is something we take for granted. However, as the example with the word “salary” shows, languages are not static. Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too. Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) who study the evolution of languages often use tools that are similar to those used by evolutionary biologists. One such tool is the reconstruction of a species tree. Such a tree shows the evolutionary history and relationships within a given group of biological species. Using a reconstructed species tree, evolutionary biologists can often infer specific characteristics of ancestral species. Or they can match up common ancestors in the tree with actual fossils that have been found by paleontologists (古生物学家). This allows them to put real dates at various branching points in the tree. Thus, species tree reconstruction is an essential tool in studying biological evolution. A similar technique can be used to study language evolution because languages also evolve and consist of words that can be easily compared. Indeed linguists have reconstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics of ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) from them. Of course, there also are some differences between species evolution and language evolution, each requiring unique additional methods to study them in detail. But, overall, it is fascinating to see how the basic ideas and research tools of language evolution are similar to those of biological evolution. 32. Why does the author mention the word “salary” in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate the evolution of language. B. To present the effect of Latin on languages. C. To stress the value of salt in ancient times. D. To show developments in linguistic theory. 33. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Cultural diversity and biodiversity are linked. B. Species and languages have a lot in common. C. Human-caused mass extinction is accelerating. D. Languages influence and learn from each other. 34. What can we know about the reconstructed species tree? A. It is currently in the design stage. B. It facilitates the research of linguists. C. It can be used in a variety of ways. D. It is the first choice for biologists. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Language System Evolved Over Time B. The Twin Extinctions of Species and Languages C. Salt Played a Crucial Role in Early Human History D. From Salt to Salary: Linguists Take a Page from Biology 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As you prepare to enter the workforce, here are four tips that may help set yourself up for authentic career confidence. Figure out which balls are plastic and which are glass. ____36____ And early on, you may feel as if everything is at the top of your to-do list. There are only so many hours in the day, and there will inevitably be times when you can’t accomplish everything. So, if you’re going to drop the ball on something, be strategic. Choose to drop balls that will bounce and not break. Prepare properly. Too little preparation and you will have to wing it (临时应付). ____37____ Conserve your time and energy and struggle to find what feels just right for you. Maximize your efficiency in preparing for a particular task. ____38____ Celebrating aspects of our careers is not, and should not be, limited to a big win. Otherwise, most of us would rarely celebrate anything, and our professional existence would be dull. Celebrating isn’t just about blowing your own horn. ____39____ In this way, celebration can enable greater confidence. Darken the spotlight. Keep in mind that no one is scrutinizing (审视) you the way that you’re scrutinizing yourself. Due to the spotlight effect, we have a tendency to overestimate the degree to which others care about our successes or failures. ____40____ After all, you have a 100% track record of surviving professional challenges, even if they didn’t quite go as you hoped. A. Celebrate good times and come on. B. Celebrate your big wins. C. Any career is full of tasks and responsibilities D. Building real confidence is vital for career success. E. So don’t care how you will be viewed. F. It’s also about acknowledging and appreciating your efforts. G. Too much preparation and you will have wasted precious time. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Inspired by the book Tarzan and the Apes, Jane Goodall decided that she wanted to go to Africa to study animals. People thought those ____41____ were just for boys. But Jane’s mother ____42____ her daughter. Once in Africa, Jane met the famous scientists Louis and Mary Leakey. Louis was ____43____ by Jane and hired her to work as his secretary. After a few years, he ____44____ Jane to the Gombe Preserve to study chimpanzees. But it wasn’t as simple as packing her bags and ____45____ into the forest. The managers of the preserve thought that Jane, as one of the first women in primatology (灵长类动物学), wouldn’t be ____46____ working in the wilderness. There were ____47____ animals to worry about. Instead of being afraid when she went into the forest for the first time, Jane has said that she felt like she was “coming home” to a place where she ____48____. At this point, she still hadn’t gone to ____49____, so she didn’t know how ____50____ normally did things. But Jane’s methods ____51____ to work very well! She gave ____52____ to the animals she observed, like Greybeard, Goliath, and Flo, instead of numbers. She got to know each animal as an ____53____ and saw that each chimp had a unique personality, a lot like humans. She also saw them making ____54____, which was hard for other scientists at the time to believe. After Jane had spent a few years ____55____ chimpanzees, she attended Cambridge University to earn a doctoral degree. Just as she decided she would when she was 10 years old, she finally wrote several books on her experiences with the apes. 41. A. experiences B. adventures C. programs D. projects 42. A. supported B. protected C. questioned D. refused 43. A. motivated B. replaced C. impressed D. accompanied 44. A. forced B. persuaded C. instructed D. sent 45 A. heading B. falling C. integrating D. breaking 46. A. available B. helpful C. safe D. selected 47. A. endangered B. rare C. wild D. dangerous 48. A. belonged B. remained C. recalled D. served 49. A. ground B. court C. college D. prison 50. A. parents B. researchers C. women D. officials 51. A. won out B. sprang up C. went on D. turned out 52. A. names B. gestures C. orders D. pictures 53. A. alternative B. individual C. adult D. assistant 54. A. sounds B. mistakes C. tools D. plans 55. A. sorting B. training C. treating D. observing 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the very definition of classical beauty in China, West Lake is very ____56____ (attract): hills rise over willow-lined waters as boats drift slowly and leisurely. Walkways, parks, gardens and perfectly ____57____ (position) benches around the banks of the lake offer a thousand and one vantage points (有利位置) for visitors ____58____ (admire) the beautiful scenery. The lake, ____59____ had been a lagoon near the Qiantang River, came into ____60____ (exist) in the 8th century. At that time, the governor of Hangzhou had the marshy areas dredged (挖掘). Later, gardens ____61____ (build), and causeways and islands were constructed from dredged silt (淤泥). The famous poet Su Dongpo had a hand in the lake’s development, ____62____ (construct) the Su Causeway during his time as the local governor in the 1lth century. It wasn’t an original idea-some 200 years ____63____ (early), the poet-governor Bai Juyi had already constructed a causeway which was later referred to ____64____ the Bai Causeway in his honour. Lined by willow, plum and peach trees, today ____65____ traffic-free causeways with their half-moon bridges make for restful outings. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 为了创建和谐校园，增进同学间的友谊，你校在上周末邀请专家进行了主题为“如何解决人际交往矛盾，促进同学和谐相处”的讲座。假定你是校英文报记者李华，请你就此讲座写一篇英文报道，内容包括： 1. 讲座内容; 2. 讲座反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Constructive Speech ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Helen! Are you coming?” a voice called from downstairs. “Yes,” Helen replied, quickly putting on her slightly tight dress. “Where are we going, Dad?” she asked, surprised by this rare opportunity to spend time with her father. He had been working tirelessly to support the family. “We’re off to collect the rent,” he responded. “Oh,” she understood. The rent was their lifeline during the Great Depression (经济大萧条), and going without it was unthinkable. Their first stop was at the home of Mrs. Miller, who quickly handed them the rent in dollar bills. But the second tenant (租客) Mr. Schmidt was still searching his home for coins when they arrived. Apologizing, he gave them a bag full of coins. The third tenants, the Katzes, worried Helen and her father. Their financial struggles had worsened, even though Helen’s father had reduced their rent. He said it was important to be especially considerate to this family because Mr. Katz had served in the army and deserved their gratitude. Mrs. Katz greeted them at the door, her eyes red from crying. Despite their financial difficulties, the inside of the apartment was always immaculately clean (一尘不染). Mr. Katz and the two children were sitting at the table, waiting for them. The family all had such gaunt (枯瘦的) faces. Helen was embarrassed, suddenly, by her own good health. It felt like a mark of her guilt when she saw the little girl’s narrow, sad face and the boy’s large eyes. Mr. Katz gave Helen’s father the money he was holding, and her father thanked him. Just as they were about to leave, Mrs. Katz’s trembling voice stopped them. She said, “Mr. Resnick, we haven’t eaten in two days.” Helen couldn’t imagine such a thing. Her stomach ached just to think of it. They returned to the table, and Helen’s father silently placed the Katzes’ rent money back on it and counted out two dollars in coins. “Helen,” he said, “I want you to go to the grocer’s with this money, buy food, and bring it back here.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Helen nodded, took the money, and rushed off to the grocer’s. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone’s eyes turned to Helen as she entered Mr. Katz’s house. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$