Unit5 语法-可数名词&不可数名词2024-2025学年译林版（2024）英语七年级上册

24年新版译林七上 U5可数名词&不可数名词讲义+练习 可数名词： 指所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，分为个体名词和集体名词 个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体)，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等 集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物)，如people, family等 可数名词单数和复数： 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。 可数名词复数的规则变化： 情况 规则 示例 一般情况 加-s book-books egg-eggs 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i加es hobby-hobbies library-libraries ★注意：以元音字母+y结尾不适用此规则，如boy-boys 以s，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es glass-glasses box-boxes 以f或fe结尾 去掉f或fe，再加ves shelf-shelves leaf-leaves 以o结尾 （无生命）加-s piano-pianos radio-radios （有生命）加-es Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes ★口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿和芒果 不规则变化： 1. 男人女人a变e： man-men woman-women 【注意】由man或woman与另一可数名词组成的复合名词变为复数时，两部分都发生变化。例：woman driver-women drivers man doctor-men doctors 2. 鹅足牙oo变ee： goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth 3. 老鼠虱子也好记，ous变ic： mouse-mice louse-lice 4. 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变： child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep 【拓展】“某国人”的变化 ①Chinese，Japanese，Swiss单复数同形，不需加s ②Englishman，Frenchman复数要把man变成men ③其他各国人以-an，-ian结尾的直接加s 如：Americans，Australians，Indians ★口诀：中日瑞不变，英法变，其余加s 不可数名词： 指所表示的事物是不能按个数计算的，分为物质名词和抽象名词 物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)，如meat，rice，water，milk，money等 抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念)，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等 常见的不可数名词：air, coffee, ice, music, orange(橙汁), salt, weather, fruit, beef, cotton, health, meat, paper, sand, wind, mutton(羊肉), rice, bread, food, milk, noise, pork, tea, wood(木头), chalk(粉笔), water,work, advice, change(零钱), furniture(家具), hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage(行李), money, news, progress, traffic 1. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。 例：glass (玻璃)→glasses (玻璃杯)      orange (橘汁)→oranges (橘子) chiken (玻璃)→chikens (鸡)      work (工作)→works (作品) 2. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit (水果)→fruits (水果的种类)      food (食物)→foods (食物种类) fish (鱼肉)→fishes (鱼类)       hair (头发)→hairs (一根一根的头发) 【注意事项】 1. 单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the 例：He is a factory worker.（他是一名工人。） She wants an apple.（她想要一个苹果。） The book on the table is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。） 不可数名词前不能用a/an修饰，表示特指时，前面用定冠词the 例：No one can see air.（没有人能看见空气。） There is some water in the glass. The water is clean.（杯子里有一些水，这些水是干净的。） 2. 可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some，any，a lot of，lots of等来修饰，表示“一些，许多” 例：There are some oranges on the desk.（桌子上有一些桔子。）　　 There is a lot of water in the bottle.（瓶里有许多水。） 3. 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量，如two apples, four books等。 不可数名词通常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示数量，如：a cup of tea, a bottle of water。当量词可数且前面的数词大于1时，量词需要用复数形式，如：three pieces of paper，two bottles of water。 同时可数名词也有相应用法，如：a box of apples，six boxes of apples等 4. 对可数名词前的数量提问用how many　 例：How many apples are there in the box?（盒子里有多少个苹果？） 对不可数名词的数量提问用how much How much tea is there in the cup?（杯子里有多少茶水？） 5. 可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与主语的单复数保持一致 例：This picture is very beautiful.（这幅画很美。） Rabbits are cute.（兔子很可爱。） 不可数名词没有复数形式，当它做句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 例：The food is very fresh.（食品很新鲜。） 【注意】不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。 巩固提高练习 1、 写出下列名词的复数形式。　 broom _____ car _____ tree _____ horse______　 bus_______ 　fox ______ branch _____ class______　 baby _______ family _____ country________　 radio _______ photo______ piano______　 knife ______ leaf_____ life_____ thief_______　 man____ woman_______ child_______ foot________　 woman teacher _____ apple tree _____ step son_____ 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空　　 1. How many (sheep) are there on the hill?　　 2. There is some (food) in the basket.　 3. The baby has only two (tooth) now.　 4. There is a lot of (water) in the bottle.　 5. There are five (people ) in his family.　 6. Let’s take (photo), OK?　 7. I have lots of (tomato) here.　 8. The (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.　 9. The (child) are playing games on the playground now.　　 10. Their (dictionary) look new.　 11. They are (woman) doctors.　 12. Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please?　 13. There are many (fox) in the picture.　 14. I would like some apple (juice). I am very thirsty.　 三、单项选择 1. The deer has four ______.     A. foot    B. feet    C. feets    D. foots 2. Her two brothers are both ______.     A. policeman    B. policemans        C. policemen    D. policemens 3. There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.     A. Japanese, Germen      B. Japaneses, Germen      C. Japanese, Germans      D. Japaneses, Germans 4. Two ______ will come to the village.     A. woman-doctors        B. women doctor        C. women doctors        D. woman doctors 5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture?     A. sheep    B. dog    C. pig    D. horse 6. The _____ has two ______.     A. boys, watches        B. boy, watch        C. boy, watches        D. boys, watch 7. The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.     A. tooth        B. tooths        C. teeth        D. teeths 8. The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.     A. woman    B. women        C. man        D. men 9. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.     A. tomatos       B. tomato        C. tomatoes     D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two ______ last night.     A. mouses        B. mice        C. mouse          D. mices 11. Yesterday Lucy told us such good           that we are all amazed at it.     A. news            B. ideas     C. suggestion       D. answer 12. There are fifty 　     in our school. They are all friendly to us.     A. woman teachers           B. women teacher      C. woman teacher           D. women teachers 13. — After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.  — Why not buy some ________ to drink?     A. bread             B. noodles     C. apple juice          D. teas 14. — When is  ________  Day?  — It’s on June 1st, Dave.     A. Child    B. Children    C. Child’s    D. Children’s 15. " Lily, let's make vegetable salad. How many ________do we need?" "One is enough."     A. oranges       B. potato     C. tomatoes    D. apples 16. Mum, it’s so hot. Could I have some ________?     A. hamburgers    B. bread    C. ice-cream    B. cake 17. —Mum, I am hungry. May I have some _________? —Of course. But don’t eat too much. A.bread  B. noodle  C. dumpling 18. There are lots of ________ on the farm. A. sheep  B. chicken  C. horse  D. meat 19. I always have ________, ________ and milk for breakfast on weekends. A. strawberries; bread  B. strawberrys; breads  C. strawberries; breads 20. —What kind of dumplings would you like, Linda? —I’d like ________ and ________ dumplings. A. chicken; cabbage  B. chicken; cabbages  C. chickens; tomatoes 21. —When do you ________? —________ Wednesday and Friday. A. have music; On  B. have a music; At  C. have music; At  D. have a music; On 22. Look! Some ________ are on the desk. A.pear  B. banana  C. orange  D. hamburgers 23. We should buy some ________ for our new house. A.furniture  B. furnitures C. pieces of furnitures  D. piece of furniture 24. — What did you do yesterday, Ben? — I went to buy ________ for my new house. A.a furniture  B. some furniture  C. the furniture  D. some furnitures 25. He opened the heavy box and saw many ________ in it. A. honey  B. invitation  C. knives  D. medicine 26. I am thirsty. Can you give me ________? A. a water  B. some waters  C. a bottle of water  D. many water 27. Please give me ________ and two ________ . A. a bottle of apple juice; bread  B. a bottle of apple juice; fruit cakes C. an apple juice; bread  D. two apple juice; fruit cakes 28. —Can I help you, madam? —Yes, please. I want ________. A. two bowl of rice  B. two bowls of rice C. two bowl of rices  D. two bowls of rices 29. — What’s the number of doctors in this hospital?                  — I only know that the number of ________ doctors in this hospital ________ 189. A.men; are  B. man; is  C. man; are  D.men; is 30. — What can you see on the table? — Some ________ and two bottles of ________. A.apples, milk  B. apple, milk  C. apples, milks  D. apple, milks 31. This _________ of shoes looks very nice. I will take them. A.pair  B. pairs  C. a pair 32. These ________ are green. Those ________ are yellow. A.jackets；keys  B. jackets；keies  C. jacket；key  D. jacket；keys 33. In ancient times, warriors had to wear ________ to protect themselves. A．helmets and armours  B．a helmet and an armour C．helmets and armour  D．a helmet and armours 34. After dinner, I always eat five ________. A.hamburgers  B. strawberries  C. salad 35. — How much is this T-shirt ? — It’s seven ________. A. yuans  B. dollar  C. dollars 参考答案： 一、写出下列名词的复数形式。 brooms; cars; trees; horses buses; foxes; branches; classes babies; families; countries radios; photos; pianos knives; leaves; lives; thieves men; women; children; feet women teachers; apple trees; step sons 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空 1-5:sheep  food  teeth water  people 6-10:photos tomatoes leaves children dictionaries   11-14:women orange foxes juice 三、单项选择 1-5: BCCCA 6-10: CCACB 11-15: ADCDC 16-20: CAAAA 21-25: ADABC 26-30: CBBDA 31-35: AACBC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$