11 简单句-2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 11 简单句 知识导图 考点一 五种基本句型 考点二 感叹句 感叹句用于表达惊异、喜悦、气愤等强烈的情绪，一般由what或how开头。what 修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。如：How lovely the girl is！＝What a lovely girl she is! 2．感叹句的基本句型 (1)What＋(a/an)＋形容词＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如： What a nice film it is! What fine weather it is! What clever students they are! 在感叹句中，what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头，则用what an；what用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词(rain，surprise，breakfast，lunch等)前面有形容词修饰，从而使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a/an。 (2)How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！如： How beautiful she is! How fast he runs! How还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，由“How＋主语＋谓语！”构成。如： How time flies！(How修饰动词) 3．What和How的选用技巧 考点三 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答,而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where, why,how以及how引出的词组how many,how long,how often, how soon,how far等。中考题型“回答问题”的5个问句以特殊疑问句为主,同学们要熟练掌握每个特殊疑问句的用法及答语的表达方式。 考点四 祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令,朗读时用降调。祈使句对象(即主语)是第二人称时,主语通常都省略。 巧学妙记 祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当, 句首加don’t否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 1. 肯定结构 类型 结构 例句 Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分 Please have a seat here.请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略 This way, please.=Go this way, please.请这边走。 Be型 Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Let型 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分 Let me help you.让我来帮你。 2. 否定结构 类型 结构 例句 Do型 在句首加don’t Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我! Be型 在句首加don’t Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到! Let型 Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Don’t let him go.别让他走。 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成 Let him not go.别让他走 其他 用no开头,表示禁止性的祈使句 No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 考点三 There be句型 1.There be句型的结构 There be句型表示“某时/处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为:There be (is, are, was, were, have/has/had been)+名词+地点或时间状语。如: There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。 There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。 There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。 There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。 2.否定和疑问句式 (1)否定句:There be句型的否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be动词后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示,即:no+n.(名词)=not a/an/any+n.(名词)。 注意:no+n.(可数名词单数)=not a/an+n.(可数名词单数);no+n.(可数名词复数)=not any+n.(可数名词复数);no+n.(不可数名词)=not any+n.(不可数名词)。如: There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag. There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag. There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle. (2)一般疑问句及其回答 在“There is/are…”的疑问句中,要把be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。(难点:句中出现的some要改成any。) 肯定回答为“Yes, there is/are.”,否定回答为“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”。 结构分析:Be动词+there+主语…? ①There is an apple on the tree.→Is there an apple on the tree? 肯定回答:Yes, there is.　否定回答:No, there isn’t. ②There are five pens on the desk.→Are there five pens on the desk? 肯定回答:Yes, there are.　否定回答:No, there aren’t. ③There is some water in the cup.→Is there any water in the cup? 肯定回答:Yes, there is.　否定回答:No, there isn’t. 3.注意 There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (1)如果句子的主语是单数可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用is或was。 There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。 There is a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。 (2)如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用are或were。 There are many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟儿。 There were many people in the street yesterday. 昨天街上有许多人。 4.注意： there be和have的区别：there be句型表示“在某个地方存在某人、某物”， have则表示“某人拥有某物”。当主语为第三人称单数时，用has；其他人称作主语，用have。在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is/was；主语是复数，be动词用are/were。 例如：There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。（主语是a book，动词是is） I have a book. 我有一本书。（主语是I，动词是have） 分层优练 夯实基础 一、语法点单句特训 1. Hey, guy, can't you see the sign over there？ It says,“_______Fishing！” A. No B. Not C. Don't 2. _______ more, and you'll improve your spoken English. A. To speak B. Speak C. Speaking 3. Ben, _______ go swimming in the river alone！ It's dangerous. A. doesn't B. don't C. didn't 4. Let's ______ so loudly. The baby is sleeping. A. not to talk B. talk not C. not talk 5. _______ interesting movie it is! I want to see it again. A.What B. What an C. How 6. _______ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us! A. How B. What C. What a 7 _______ beautiful day! Let's take a walk by the lake. A. What B. What a C. How 8 —_______ clean the classroom is! —So it is. The students clean it every day. A. How B. What C. What a 9.There 　　　　an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?  A.are going to be　B.was　　 C.will be　　 D.were 10.The number of the whales_________smaller and smaller because of human activities now.  A.were　　 B.was　　 C.is　　 D.are 二、小语篇特训 语法选择（1） What’s your favorite subject？ Do you like English  　1　⁠ math？ As for me, I’m good at English  　2　⁠ my favorite subject is math. I am interested in math  　3　⁠ I always discuss math with my classmates. Yesterday, I had some difficulties in a math problem  　4　⁠ I asked my best friend to give me some suggestions. He is popular among the classmates,  　5　⁠ he always tries his best to help us. With his help, I worked out the problem. How happy I was！ （　　）1. A. and B. but C. or （　　）2. A. so B. but C. or （　　）3. A. and B. but C. or （　　）4. A. but B. for C. so （　　）5. A. or B. for C. so 语法选择（2） Nowadays, social media（媒体） is becoming more and more important in people’s life.  　1　⁠ common it is to see people use social media nearly everywhere all the time. In fact, social media addiction（瘾） is a real thing and many of us have it.  　2　⁠ surprising news！ And what can you do to beat your social media addiction？  　3　⁠ difficult question it may be！ You should try to turn off the notifications（通知） of social media platforms（平台）, because they may draw your attention and influence your plan. （　　）1. A. What B. What a C. How （　　）2. A. What B. What a C. How （　　）3. A. What B. What a C. How 语篇提升 一、语法选择 Have you ever been to a music festival? Recently, my friends and I went to a 　1　 music festival in California.   It 　2　 Head in the Clouds, a very popular Asian music festival. All the singers were Asian-American. Best of all, the festival invited the 626 Night Market, 　3　 Asian-food night market in the US, 　4　 food! I have been looking forward to it 　5　 a very long time.   The festival was 　6　 outdoor event at the Rose Stadium. It had two stages and a large part for eating. My friends and I all got pork dumplings. And there 　7　 still many other dishes which were famous all over the world.   　8　 I didn’t know many of the artists, it was exciting to attend the festival. There I got to know new artists, such as DPR LIVE and DPR IAN, a South Korean band. I also met Boobee, who I’ve been listening to since the 7th grade. I felt so good to meet 　9　 in person!  All in all, there I not only went out with my friends and ate great food, but was able to see young and excellent Asian musicians. 　10　 wonderful the festival was! I can’t wait to take part in it again.  ( )1.A. two-days　 B. two days　 C. two-day ( )2.A. will call　 B. was called　 C. has called ( )3.A. large　 B. the largest　 C. larger ( )4. A. providing　 B. to provide　 C. provided ( )5. A. at　 B. for　 C. in　 ( )6. A. an　 B. a　 C. the　 ( )7. A.were　 B. was 　 C. had　 ( )8. A. Until　 B. If　 C. Although　 ( )9. A. she　 B. her　 C. herself　 ( )10. A. What a　 B. What　　 C. How　 2、 短文填空 they what for same be how relax however busy an world can These days，people have very busy lives，working or studying and spending time with friends and family. __1__ stressful the life is today！So people need to do something different to relax in __2__ free time. Some people like to go to the gym so that they can keep fit and healthy. __3__， many people don't like running or using machines to exercise. Then yoga(瑜伽)can be a good activity __4__ these people. In yoga you can reach out your body and breathe deeply at the __5__ time.This helps your body and mind to __6__ while your body becomes stronger. Many people do yoga every day， and it is __7__ activity which all types of people can do—young or old. It can give you more energy，too. Yoga started a very long time ago in India，but in the last few years it has become very popular all over the __8__. You __9__ find yoga classes in most towns and cities these days. There __10__ also lots of yoga videos on the Internet，so you can try it at home！If you want to exercise and relax at the same time， why don't you try yoga？ 1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 参考答案： 夯实基础 一、1~5　ABBCB　6~10　BBACC 二、(1)1~5　CBACB (2)1~5CAB 语篇提升 一、 1.C查形容词。two-day表示两天的。 2.B考查被动语态。这个音乐嘉年华被叫作…… 3.B考查形容词最高级。根据限定范围in the US可知用最高级。 4.B考查动词不定式。此处动词不定式表目的。 5.B考查介词。for+时间表示持续的一段时间。 6.A 考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指，且outdoor是以元音音素开头的单词，选A。 7.A 考查现存句。根据many other dishes以及上下文时态可知选A。 8.C 考查连词。句意：尽管我不认识大多数的艺术家，对于我来说参加这个嘉年华还是很令人兴奋的。 9.B 考查代词。句子缺少宾语，选B。 10.C 考查感叹句。How+ adj. +主语+谓语！表示“……多么……”，选C。 二、 1.How考查感叹句。句意：今天的生活压力真大！How引导的感叹句：How+形容词+主语+谓语！故选填How。 2.their考查形容词性物主代词。句意：所以人们需要在空闲时间做些不同的事情来放松。固定短语in one’s free time（在某人的闲余时间），此处表示“他们的”，主格they的形容词性物主代词their符合题意。故选填their。 3.However考查副词。句意：然而，许多人不喜欢跑步或使用机器来锻炼。空前空后表示转折，且单独使用，however符合语境，句首首字母大写。故选填However。 4.for考查介词。句意：那么瑜伽对这些人来说是一项很好的活动。此处表示对某人来说，用介词for。故选填for。 5.same考查固定短语。句意：在瑜伽中，你可以伸展身体，同时深呼吸。固定短语at the same time意为“同时”。故选填same。 6.relax考查动词。句意：这有助于你的身心放松，同时你的身体变得更加强壮。结合语境可知，此处表示“身心放松”，relax意为“放松”。故选填relax。 7.an考查冠词。句意：许多人每天都做瑜伽，这是一项所有类型的人都可以做的活动——年轻人或老年人。结合语境可知，“一项活动”表示泛指，activity的发音是以元音音素开头的。故选填an。 8.world考查固定搭配。句意：瑜伽很久以前起源于印度，但在最近几年，它在全世界变得非常流行。固定短语all over the world（全世界）。故选填world。 9.can考查情态动词。句意：如今，你可以在大多数城镇找到瑜伽课程。结合语境，此处表示“能，可以”，情态动词can符合语境。故选填can。 10.are考查be动词。句意：网上也有很多瑜伽视频，你可以在家试试！本句是there be句型，通篇采用一般现在时，lots of yoga videos是名词复数，be动词用are。故选填are。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$